treatments-xml/data/4C/1D/87/4C1D87C79629DA5DFEA6FD95FE0DFA06.xml
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<mods:title id="B5893AE45C56490AA1941092039302C8">The Upper Pliocene Avifauna of Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco. Systematics and Biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="145CEFDA5BB5D77FA062839F4CAF51A7">Geraads, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4C1D87C79629DA5DFEA6FD95FE0DFA06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1D87C79629DA5DFEA6FD95FE0DFA06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C1D87C79629DA5DFEA6FD95FE0DFA06" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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<heading id="9F4381BD9629DA5DFEA6FD95FDACFD37" box="[325,635,619,645]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFEA6FD95FDACFD37" authority="(Scopoli, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[325,635,619,645]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFEA6FD95FDACFD37" bold="true" box="[325,635,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFEA6FD95FE60FD37" bold="true" box="[325,439,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto alba</emphasis>
(Scopoli, 1769)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8CAE655A9629DA5DFE57FD5FFDDBFD09" box="[436,524,673,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" type="description">
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<figureCitation id="5C8F2A549629DA5DFE57FD5FFDDBFD09" box="[436,524,673,699]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[121,184,1882,1903]" captionTargetBox="[121,1421,151,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-9@19.[121,1421,151,1869]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Otis sp. size Otis tarda, AB: (A) right ulna, proximal part, AaO-766, cranial view: (B) right ulna, distal part, AaO-767, ventral view.Chlamydotis sp. cf. C. mesetaria, CE: (C) right tarsometatarsus, proximal part and shaft,AaO-2644, caudal view; (D) idem, cranial view; (E) idem, proximal view. cf. Lophotis sp., FG: (F) right coracoid, almost complete,AaO-768, dorsal view; (G) idem, ventral view. (H) Columba sp. cf. C. pisana, right humerus, distal part and shaft,AaO-2672, cranial view. (I) Catharacta sp. cf. C. skua, right humerus, distal part and shaft, AaO-4793, cranial view. … [caption continued on facing page]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5412597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5412597/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5T</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8CAE655A9629DA5DFF45FD23FE0DFA06" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFF45FD23FE6DFC4E" blockId="22.[166,795,733,1460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFF45FD23FEDEFD47" bold="true" box="[166,265,733,757]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Material</emphasis>
. Left ulna, distal part and shaft, AaO-801; distal part, AaO-850; right radii, distal parts, AaO-802, 803; right carpometacarpus, distal part, AaO-805; left carpometacarpi, proximal part, AaO-806, distal part, AaO-4797; right femora, shaft, AaO-804, distal part, AaO-807; right tibiotarsi, distal part and shaft, AaO-4799; left tibiotarsi, distal parts, AaO-808, 809, 810; right tarsometatarsi, proximal part, AaO-813, distal parts, AaO-849 (juvenile), 4803; left tarsometatarsi, proximal part, AaO-2699, distal part, AaO-812, shaft AaO-811.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFF26FBFCFE0DFA06" blockId="22.[166,795,733,1460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
The dimensions of the Ahl al Oughlam Barn Owl are slightly larger than the maximal values for a population of Recent
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFF14FBC3FE47FBE6" box="[247,400,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto alba alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFE20FBC3FCCEFBE6" authority="(Louchart, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Louchart" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[451,793,1085,1108]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alba" subSpecies="guttata">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFE20FBC3FD88FBE6" box="[451,607,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">T. alba guttata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFD8FFBC3FCC5FBE6" author="Louchart, A" box="[620,786,1085,1108]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 287" refId="ref25258" refString="Louchart, A., 2002. Les oiseaux du Pleistocene de Corse et de quelques localites sardes. Ecologie, Evolution, Biogeographie et Extinctions. Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie de Lyon 155: 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="2002">Louchart, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
but there are a large number of subspecies with strong size variation. The Recent species
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFE0EFB86FD86FB3D" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[493,593,1144,1167]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFE0EFB86FD86FB3D" box="[493,593,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto alba</emphasis>
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has been reported in the Middle Miocene (
<collectionCode id="A2A5AE149629DA5DFE49FB6BFE00FB1E" box="[426,471,1173,1196]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">MN</collectionCode>
7,
<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFE1AFB6BFDB8FB1E" author="Mein, P" box="[505,623,1173,1196]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="73 - 90" refId="ref25786" refString="Mein, P., 1990. Updating of MN Zones. In European Neogene Mammal Chronology, ed. E. H. Lindsay et al., pp. 73 - 90. New York: Plenum Press." type="book chapter" year="1990">Mein 1990</bibRefCitation>
) of Beni Mellal in
<collectingCountry id="BCA376419629DA5DFF21FB4CFEF5FB7B" box="[194,290,1202,1225]" name="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFED2FB4CFE68FB7B" author="Brunet, J" box="[305,447,1202,1225]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref23532" refString="Brunet, J., 1971. Oiseaux miocenes de Beni Mellal (Maroc); un complement a leur etude. Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc t. 31, 237: 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1971">Brunet, 1971</bibRefCitation>
) but it is only represented by an alar phalange (
<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFEA8FB2EFE36FB55" author="Brunet, J" box="[331,481,1232,1255]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="105 - 108" refId="ref23479" refString="Brunet, J., 1961. Oiseaux. In Le gisement de Vertebres miocenes de Beni Mellal (Maroc). Etude systematique de la Faune de mammiferes et conclusions generales, ed. R. Lavocat. Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 155: 105 - 108." type="journal article" year="1961">Brunet, 1961</bibRefCitation>
). It cannot be excluded that this phalange could have belonged to an earlier species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFED8FAF5FEBEFA90" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[315,361,1291,1314]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFED8FAF5FEBEFA90" box="[315,361,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as for example
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFDC9FAF5FD3FFA90" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[554,744,1291,1314]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctialbani">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFDC9FAF5FD3FFA90" box="[554,744,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto sanctialbani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dimensions of which are similar to those of the Recent
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFD0FFAD6FE42FAEE" authority="(Lydekker, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFD0FFAD6FF02FAEE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto alba</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFF01FABBFE5AFAEE" author="Lydekker, R" box="[226,397,1349,1372]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="517 - 522" refId="ref25748" refString="Lydekker, R., 1893. On some bird-bones from the Miocene of Grive-St. - Alban, Department of Isere, France. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1893 35: 517 - 522." type="journal article" year="1893">Lydekker, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Apart from this reference, the oldest mention of the presence of
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFE2AFA9DFDFBFAC8" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[457,556,1379,1402]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFE2AFA9DFDFBFAC8" box="[457,556,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Tyto alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from the locality of Olduvai, Bed I, dating between 1.85 and 1.70 Ma (Brodkorb &amp; Mourer-Chauviré, 1984a).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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