174 lines
21 KiB
XML
174 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="46323B946293326200DAB12C04952A1A" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1538" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5412583" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630355012406" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile & Geraads, Denis" docDate="2010" docId="4C1D87C79629DA5CFECAF9BDFF0FFAFB" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.2010.62.1.157-184.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 62 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1538" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Surnia robusta Janossy 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="180" masterDocId="B024FFBF963FDA4BFFE3FFFEFFD7FFB2" masterDocTitle="The Upper Pliocene Avifauna of Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco. Systematics and Biogeography" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="157" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1699243425501" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="44CFE9A4EA43DDA87433950BE11C20E9">The Upper Pliocene Avifauna of Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco. Systematics and Biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="CE0CE1DFFD9E50BFA5AB1900A929AA91">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1177BCCC9C2F5FB1397F4824369506BF">2010</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="8CAE655A9629DA5DFECAF9BDFD40F9EF" box="[297,663,1603,1629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFECAF9BDFD40F9EF" blockId="22.[297,663,1603,1629]" box="[297,663,1603,1629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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<heading id="9F4381BD9629DA5DFECAF9BDFD40F9EF" box="[297,663,1603,1629]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFECAF9BDFD40F9EF" authority="Janossy, 1977" authorityName="Janossy" authorityYear="1977" box="[297,663,1603,1629]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFECAF9BDFD40F9EF" bold="true" box="[297,663,1603,1629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFECAF9BDFE35F9EF" bold="true" box="[297,482,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia robusta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFE09F9BDFD40F9EF" author="Janossy, D" box="[490,663,1603,1629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="9 - 36" refId="ref24979" refString="Janossy, D., 1977. Plio-Pleistocene bird remains from the Carpathian basin. III. Strigiformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes. Aquila 84: 9 - 36." type="journal article" year="1977">Janossy, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CAE655A9629DA5DFE76F987FDFCF921" box="[405,555,1657,1683]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFE76F987FDFCF921" blockId="22.[405,555,1657,1683]" box="[405,555,1657,1683]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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<figureCitation id="5C8F2A549629DA5DFE76F987FE38F921" box="[405,495,1657,1683]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[121,184,1882,1903]" captionTargetBox="[121,1421,151,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-9@19.[121,1421,151,1869]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Otis sp. size Otis tarda, A–B: (A) right ulna, proximal part, AaO-766, cranial view: (B) right ulna, distal part, AaO-767, ventral view.Chlamydotis sp. cf. C. mesetaria, C–E: (C) right tarsometatarsus, proximal part and shaft,AaO-2644, caudal view; (D) idem, cranial view; (E) idem, proximal view. cf. Lophotis sp., F–G: (F) right coracoid, almost complete,AaO-768, dorsal view; (G) idem, ventral view. (H) Columba sp. cf. C. pisana, right humerus, distal part and shaft,AaO-2672, cranial view. (I) Catharacta sp. cf. C. skua, right humerus, distal part and shaft, AaO-4793, cranial view. … [caption continued on facing page]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5412597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5412597/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5U</figureCitation>
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–AA
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CAE655A9629DA5DFF45F94BFE3AF8F3" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFF45F94BFE3AF8F3" blockId="22.[166,794,1717,2004]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFF45F94BFEDEF97F" bold="true" box="[166,265,1717,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Material</emphasis>
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. Rostrum maxillare, AaO-818; left humerus, distal part, AaO-839; left ulnae, proximal part and shaft, AaO-815, distal part and shaft, AaO-816; left femur, AaO-814; right tarsometatarsus, almost complete, AaO-817 (only the Crista medialis hypotarsi is missing).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CAE655A9629DA5CFF26F8B9FF0FFAFB" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFF26F8B9FDDFF8ED" blockId="22.[166,794,1717,2004]" box="[197,520,1863,1887]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFF26F8B9FEBBF8ED" bold="true" box="[197,364,1863,1887]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Measurements</emphasis>
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. See
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<tableCitation id="8936036A9629DA5DFE46F8B6FDD3F8ED" box="[421,516,1864,1887]" captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="22.[839,902,168,192]" captionText="Table 11. Measurements (mm) of Surnia robusta from Ahl al Oughlam and the Carpathian Basin (Janossy, 1977) and Recent Surnia ulula." pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Table 11</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5DFF26F89BFC0DF985" blockId="22.[166,794,1717,2004]" lastBlockId="22.[839,1467,1509,2001]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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This species was described by D. Janossy from material from four Plio-Pleistocene localities of
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<collectingCountry id="BCA376419629DA5DFDB7F87CFD66F82B" box="[596,689,1922,1945]" name="Hungary" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFD23F87CFF09F805" author="Janossy, D" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="9 - 36" refId="ref24979" refString="Janossy, D., 1977. Plio-Pleistocene bird remains from the Carpathian basin. III. Strigiformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes. Aquila 84: 9 - 36." type="journal article" year="1977">Janossy, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209629DA5DFF0FF85EFEF2F805" author="Janossy, D" box="[236,293,1952,1975]" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" pagination="55 - 60" refId="ref25011" refString="Janossy, D., 1983. Lemming-remain from the Older Pleistocene of Southern Hungary (Villany, Somssich-hegy 2). Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica 11: 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
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), and it has not been reported from any other locality. It is characterized by its size which is much larger than in the Recent and fossil forms of the species
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFA90FA1BFCA9F9A8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFA90FA1BFCA9F9A8" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia ulula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the Hawk Owl, the only present-day species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFC6FF9DEFC04F985" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1806" box="[908,979,1568,1591]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFC6FF9DEFC04F985" box="[908,979,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C40B36D19629DA5CFC86F9C3FD3AFCC3" blockId="22.[839,1467,1509,2001]" lastBlockId="23.[121,749,154,1145]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">
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This material shows the morphological characteristics of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFC35F9A5FBCAF9C0" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1806" box="[982,1053,1627,1650]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFC35F9A5FBCAF9C0" box="[982,1053,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with its particularly short and robust tarsometatarsi. On the rostrum maxillare the ventral face of the os premaxillare is flattened. In the Recent
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFAD6F96BFA6CF91E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1333,1467,1685,1708]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFAD6F96BFA6CF91E" box="[1333,1467,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia ulula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this surface is variable, it is flattened in half of the individuals, and grooved in the other half. The distal humerus shows the same characteristics as are found in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFADFF913FA54F8B6" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1806" box="[1340,1411,1773,1796]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFADFF913FA54F8B6" box="[1340,1411,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It is strongly ventrally elongated. The impression of M. brachialis is very long and extends very far proximad along the shaft. The ectepicondylar prominence is broken on the fossil, but it is possible to see that it was situated just proximally to the dorsal condyle. In the genus
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529629DA5DFB2AF87EFAC7F825" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1806" box="[1225,1296,1920,1943]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39629DA5DFB2AF87EFAC7F825" box="[1225,1296,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="179">Surnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it is small, but clearly projecting and its top forms a right angle. On the proximal ulna, on the cranial side, distally to the cotylae, the bicipital attachment forms a proximodistally elongated and sharply defined ridge. In the Recent
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFDD1FF46FD6FFF7D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[562,696,184,207]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFDD1FF46FD6FFF7D" box="[562,696,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Surnia ulula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this ridge projects less and has a variable shape, but it is rather dorsoventrally oriented. The distal ulna does not differ from the Recent
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFF0CFEEEFE97FE95" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[239,320,272,295]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFF0CFEEEFE97FE95" box="[239,320,272,295]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">S. ulula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except by its size. The femur also shows the morphological characteristics of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFDB5FED3FD4BFEF6" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1806" box="[598,668,301,324]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFDB5FED3FD4BFEF6" box="[598,668,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Surnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. On the femoral head the Fovea lig. capitis is very deep. On the caudal face the lateral condyle extends proximally by a ridge. This ridge closes the Fossa poplitea on its medial side and delimits laterally a deep fossa that is situated proximally compared to the lateral and fibular condyles. On the tarsometatarsus, the Crista medialis hypotarsi is missing. This tarsometatarsus shows the same proportions as in the Recent species,
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFD7BFE05FD31FDA0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[664,742,507,530]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFD7BFE05FD31FDA0" box="[664,742,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">S. ulula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it is larger. Its dimensions are very close to those of the
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<typeStatus id="1B0F88739628DA5CFF9AFDCBFF01FDFE" box="[121,214,565,588]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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tarsometatarsus of
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFE40FDCBFD97FDFE" authorityName="Janossy" authorityYear="1977" box="[419,576,565,588]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFE40FDCBFD97FDFE" box="[419,576,565,588]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Surnia robusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from Villány 3, which is almost of the same age as Ahl al Oughlam (MN 17, ca. 2–2.5 Ma) (
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<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209628DA5CFEF7FD8EFE7AFD35" author="Tyrberg, T" box="[276,429,624,647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 720" refId="ref27575" refString="Tyrberg, T., 1998. Pleistocene birds of the Palearctic: A Catalogue. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 27: 1 - 720." type="journal article" year="1998">Tyrberg, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). The Ahl al Oughlam material has been compared with a sample of 6 to 15 individuals of Recent
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<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFF2BFD55FECEFD70" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[200,281,683,706]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
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<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFF2BFD55FECEFD70" box="[200,281,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">S. ulula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including males and females, from the collections of the MNHN (Laboratoire d’Anatomie comparée and Institut de Paléontologie humaine), in Paris, the NMNH, in
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<collectingRegion id="0670F8339628DA5CFF76FCFCFEC0FCAB" box="[149,279,770,793]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Washington</collectingRegion>
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, the UCB, in Lyon, and the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0670F8339628DA5CFD6FFCDEFD3EFC85" box="[652,745,800,823]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Moscow</collectingRegion>
|
||
. On average the postcranial elements of the Moroccan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFD45FCC3FF1FFCC0" authorityName="Janossy" authorityYear="1977" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFD45FCC3FF1FFCC0" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Surnia robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 31% larger than those of the Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFD86FCA5FD31FCC0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[613,742,859,882]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFD86FCA5FD31FCC0" box="[613,742,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">Surnia ulula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C40B36D19628DA5CFF74FC86FDCEFBCB" blockId="23.[121,749,154,1145]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">
|
||
As Janossy has pointed out, the Recent species lives in the taiga zone of Eurasia and North America, and in the mountain regions of Central Asia. “It is a question whether the Lower Pleistocene form had the same ecological significance, in view of the fact that most of the remains originate—as we have seen—from the Submediterranean region of the Villány Mountains” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0254B209628DA5CFEE5FBD6FE77FB8D" author="Janossy, D" box="[262,416,1064,1087]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" pagination="9 - 36" refId="ref24979" refString="Janossy, D., 1977. Plio-Pleistocene bird remains from the Carpathian basin. III. Strigiformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes. Aquila 84: 9 - 36." type="journal article" year="1977">Janossy, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 14). The occurrence of this species at Ahl al Oughlam is not accidental because it is represented by at least two individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C40B36D19628DA5CFECDFB60FDE0FB0A" blockId="23.[302,567,1182,1208]" box="[302,567,1182,1208]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6C0EAC39628DA5CFECDFB60FDE0FB0A" bold="true" box="[302,567,1182,1208]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFE66FB60FDE0FB0A" box="[389,567,1182,1208]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C40B36D19628DA5CFF9AFB24FF0FFAFB" blockId="23.[121,749,1242,1353]" pageId="23" pageNumber="180">
|
||
A few elements can be attributed to species of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03B44D529628DA5CFF9AFB06FF3DFABD" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[121,234,1272,1295]" class="Aves" family="Alaudidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alaudidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some other elements cannot be identified more accurately, mainly because of the lack of comparative material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |