383 lines
39 KiB
XML
383 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="24357" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f39397be-65be-4a40-9d86-ae0b585db604" ID-PMC="PMC6661263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-127-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7ED2B7C169815D6A941F10F093B7DDB8" ID-PubMed="31379449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3352445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-127-1" checkinTime="1572789103719" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Radosavljevic, Aleksandar" docDate="2019" docId="95D03FE24FC0F5A740B4F8166138CA7B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 127: 1-37" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 127" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817" docTitle="Cynometra tumbesiana Radosavljevic 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="7ED2B7C169815D6A941F10F093B7DDB8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="7ED2B7C169815D6A941F10F093B7DDB8" masterDocTitle="The rise of Cynometra (Leguminosae) and the fall of Maniltoa: a generic re-circumscription and the addition of 4 new species" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1720490740725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DCAA0215A847833F9D1BFBB9E4ADD11B">The rise of Cynometra (Leguminosae) and the fall of Maniltoa: a generic re-circumscription and the addition of 4 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="575CE75457E20C12D97F87950B40DA63">Radosavljevic, Aleksandar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F2C9D092B317CD14FB27365AB5276BBE">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3100751EA868E000EDA08F0AD273A6D5">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="265E7E510E979A481DC937D938C9554C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B05895183A2B79D6710F48089E30F44F">127</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="645EBB088AFF33E37B6B6D24D5F7E2CC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="14A5FAE09AB91C137C19FBE7C84BFF6F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D011C4F8E411DBB89ED83E12ADAC6E19" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="08BA0266FB6F4AF71689DDC831E61FCC" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-127-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="95D03FE24FC0F5A740B4F8166138CA7B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:95D03FE24FC0F5A740B4F8166138CA7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/95D03FE24FC0F5A740B4F8166138CA7B" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="0EA53BE2785FE44454E7ACA016577F9A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="85BCF1AAB70302FB5F4E16C46459F5FF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="2F891FD14AC6F0B3A4554532DD08A6C6" ID-CoL="9F9HL" LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77199277-1" authority="Rados." authorityName="Radosavljevic" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cynometra" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana" status="sp. nov.">Cynometra tumbesiana Rados.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="897A8ECCEFE227479005C7FE27EF07E2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="B3FDB59630E1308087B9BD45BA09BACD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Illustration of Cynometra tumbesiana. A Habit B leaflet base, showing laminar gland C flower D inflorescence rachis, showing bracts and bracteoles; pedicels removed to show structure E fruit, dissected to show single seed filling entire cavity. A-D Klitgaard et al. 507, K; B Neill & Nunez 10453, US." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318057" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure11">Figures 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CA0603B9B2A76E36BCFEFF3538B7D603" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Photograph of the holotype of Cynometra tumbesiana (Klitgaard et al. 507, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318058" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure12">, 12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="54709016D8BD8357EE02EAA3074CB998" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="19F2C48EB0D4A4F76D30DFDF4633EA3F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<pageBreakToken id="31A3F64A05362805258E0B74C3A8249E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F802BF2F6A6FE13189FF6864B8D3EC58" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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ECUADOR. El Oro: Bosque Petrificado Puyango, dirt track from information centre towards the camping area near
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<normalizedToken id="D43CC72DA559715A7AF5C667248C800A" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Puyango,
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<geoCoordinate id="2EA2D1DA8DEC269D3DEF4C9E02D81FD4" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-3.8750002">03°52'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="34106C321A5197E3C10CC05851DACA04" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-80.08361">80°05'01"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 450 m alt., 6 May 1997 [fl],
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<emphasis id="6E605BF4608FE81270F2FEBF2FD281D0" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B.B.Klitgaard et al. 507</emphasis>
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, (holotype K; isotype AAU n.v., LOJA n.v., NY, QCNE n.v., US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F7201D6080E5C6BF16095C63F56D8647" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7EEF02F7FED6BE7C0FEB9B94C42605A1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8A0D02148F0C8A0C2F7B6CAEE256D43" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="6B737212F4DFA85F779D1BC3E25D8137" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tree</emphasis>
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10-25 m tall; bark grey-brown, lenticelate, inner bark red; branchlets with short pubescence when young, becoming glabrous with age.
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<emphasis id="1034909C518D3E1E2172115AC5255309" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stipules</emphasis>
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not seen.
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<emphasis id="DBAEA8220B5536DE727B999AFCD62A34" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Leaves</emphasis>
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bifoliolate, axes ferrugino-puberulent when young, glabrous when mature; petioles 4.5-6.5 mm long, transversely corrugated; petiolules 1.5-2.0 mm long, inconspicuous; leaflets oblong-ovate to elliptic to oblong-obovate, occasionally slightly falcate or sub-trapeziform, strongly asymmetric, primary vein eccentric, proximal side 1.8-2.5 times wider than distal, 4.1-7.9 cm long, 2.5-3.3 cm wide, discolorous, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent on midvein, secondary veins and along basal margin, adaxial surface glabrous, primary venation pinnate, secondary venation brochidodromous-eucamptodromous, 2-3 (-4) basal acrodromous veins, decurrent to
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<pageBreakToken id="E3358223758467EBFB54B7E68400D718" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">primary</pageBreakToken>
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vein, prominent abaxially, flush to slightly raised adaxially, tertiary venation visible on abaxial surface at 10
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<normalizedToken id="05778217BBE2484585F241D50346D986" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification, margins entire, apex acute, acuminate (to 6.0 mm), retuse, mucronate, base oblique, distal side acute, convex to cuneate, proximal side obtuse, concave to rounded, decurrent to petiolule, single laminar gland present, abaxial, near basal margin of proximal lamina and insertion point of petiolule, typically adjacent to tertiary veins, crateriform, 1.0 mm in diameter.
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<emphasis id="A33A5F0D6252F4CE447701C36F26CF96" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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a cluster of (1
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<normalizedToken id="4888B36722D292F73427AF6F0F74731B" originalValue="–)2–">-)2-</normalizedToken>
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3 axillary racemes, bracteate, axes ferrugino-puberulent at base, hairs becoming scattered at distal end; peduncle together with rachis 4.5-8.0 mm long, flowers spirally arranged, 12-20 per raceme; pedicels 5.0-9.0 mm, pubescent initially but soon glabrescent, accrescent in fruit; bracts subtending individual flowers, scale-like, deciduous, leaving behind a lunate scar on the rachis, lustrous, brown, broadly elliptical, strongly convex 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, striate, abaxial surface with scattered appressed pubescence at apex and along margins, glabrous adaxially; paired bracteoles inserted 0.5-1.0 mm from base of pedicel, subopposite, oblong-lanceolate, 2.0-2.5 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, convex at apex, pubescent along margins and medial abaxial surface.
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<emphasis id="7313F95E70809BE0BA41F8C00ABF1D4E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual, radially symmetric, pentamerous, delicate; hypanthium cupular, 1.0-1.5 mm deep, fleshy, with a few scattered hairs on abaxial and adaxial surface; sepals 4, imbricate, reflexed, unequal, adaxial sepal usually 2 times as wide as the others, white, petaloid, broadly ovate to elliptical, 3.0-4.5 mm long, 1.5-4.0 mm wide, striate, scattered pubescence at base; petals 5, erect, equal to subequal, white, spathulate to oblanceolate, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 1.0-2.0 mm wide, glabrous but with a tuft of hair at base of claw; stamens 10, filaments free, subequal, 5.5-7.5 mm long, white, anthers dorsifixed, versatile, longitudinal dehiscence, suborbicular, to 1.5 mm long, yellow-orange, glabrous; ovary centrally inserted in hypanthium, free, stipitate, obliquely elliptical, 4.0-5.0 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, densely pilose, stipe 0.5-1.0 mm long, style apical, 3.0-4.0 mm long, glabrous, eccentric, geniculate, stigma capitate.
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<taxonomicName id="EF0C8F354779145000AE3992BBF8100C" genus="Legume" lsidName="Legume" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F9192A911F57F9C5EE4ED9D65B73D792" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Legume</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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indehiscent, oblong, weakly apiculate, slightly compressed, up to 5.2 cm long, 4.0 cm wide, 3.9 cm thick, surface of valves finely textured, granulose, wall of pericarp up to 4.0 mm thick, deep brown colour at maturity.
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<emphasis id="A165A36FCB0EA46DE77C61EDA686583C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Seeds</emphasis>
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1 per pod, filling entire cavity, dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D37DFC34529168F6EE47B8C680E1D593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3352465" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318057" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph id="758F26FD8278ABA0D70455F2F6D61C31" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="8C4C29170FB167F441AAC677458DCB16" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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Illustration of
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<taxonomicName id="803FFF7E4060BBA18637196B3A68D8BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
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<emphasis id="00BAA5803696EE90327EEB5D35636A87" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cynometra tumbesiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="E479A5309CC656A0D7B965799E6F9FF3" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis id="A94AD449B4EAB66DE75D639AD75BE111" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
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leaflet base, showing laminar gland
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<emphasis id="8A7EBCC8EEBFC3FFC2ADB9A555F54E72" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis id="03FEE40D3447FC712A7794A31AAE1680" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D</emphasis>
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inflorescence rachis, showing bracts and bracteoles; pedicels removed to show structure
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<emphasis id="180566C24B6BCAF7E2BFBCD0BAAD15D3" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E</emphasis>
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fruit, dissected to show single seed filling entire cavity.
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<emphasis id="84E17D7226616D1E0318075B9A681141" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<normalizedToken id="5403E16023BECB73679396A6ACD3427B" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="292696B255C1B1E84FEEFC3E4C77D141" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Klitgaard et al. 507</emphasis>
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, K;
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<emphasis id="1B5993E57152F0BAC1CCDD25899D1B9F" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="3A04F58E8C8CD51A9F907A6E7701C88C" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Neill &
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<normalizedToken id="52FC8A810489D2AC3D1194CF74CA6987" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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10453
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</emphasis>
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, US.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="394C04360BCBDC44D091833C2F9B6FF7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3352467" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318058" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph id="72F242ED6F3AA1934BC23D97C5D76C44" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="D4F1C2AA753381EA633618AC18179DCA" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="D1A0DB3FCFA404F717D2A31EE56C26D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
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<emphasis id="FDC8B852E86956C2C8BFD3AE326E2F51" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cynometra tumbesiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="234AEE831CB4822875EB64DA5ACD8F2B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Klitgaard et al. 507</emphasis>
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, K).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A3C6971812E89C24D01AD6A78E4FE4ED" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3A284D8980B011906592E897FB124483" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C5E541C88BA782E10E8DC8AD54581E73" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="486755318C827923C527AF0D01AA0FF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
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<emphasis id="839134AC91022AA30AC781AE5DB44EC2" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cynometra tumbesiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs in the seasonally dry tropical forests of western and southern Ecuador and north-western Peru (a single collection) at elevations between 100-800 m (
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<figureCitation id="CC60E494DD0034E79231C4437BF75D24" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Cynometra cerebriformis, C. dwyerii, C. steyermarkii and C. tumbesiana." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318049" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.29817.figure3">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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). These habitats are severely threatened regionally and globally due to extensive human modification of the landscape and, as a result, this species now exists primarily as isolated fragments. While
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<taxonomicName id="792997A075D2A5D1F9D309A515550522" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
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<emphasis id="FFB5E5B593D5429BA9235FD2A85F6111" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is locally abundant at a few sites, it is currently known from less than 10 localities, several of which are within 5 km of each other.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C768F427CABBD2A160E59534D56BD0BD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="phenology">
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<paragraph id="29AB79F63A44D64FA79A008615F9E1BC" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="396D93F479CC26E25F109898ED347A6C" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Flowering specimens have been collected in May and December to January; fruiting specimens have been collected in August and January to February.
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<taxonomicName id="AFFA7E9E86C4E1F0C12C9370172C6A05" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
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<emphasis id="5BAF7C8E5724D97F1F310B0C2D491E21" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cynometra tumbesiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the few woody taxa in the dry forests that retain their leaves during the dry season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45B7A2C89469AF38EA4C2F133E0D8A5D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="71E78D057A79F32D8BE69600C8A15DC4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95E396D03E5D4A92AEBB6152908D3DBF" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">The specific epithet refers to the Tumbes region, where the type specimen was collected and where many of the known localities occur.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C263362686C059A3D1A4B6B8E611561A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="343C1D0CCE492FD937006C0E1BA37416" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="42F1285F9E987E27AD6A6ED9E2A655EB" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6CCCEB40CBFA1F12306246DF8B5B32AF" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="C558240C46D50D9945EEA0C65CFE3786" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ECUADOR. El Oro</emphasis>
|
||
: Bosque Petrificado Puyango, dirt track from information centre towards the camping area near
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE21FF932150117291034E06F35A6022" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Puyango,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F220C8D495841D67DD7C8DBD773878C7" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-3.8750002">03°52'30"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="303458805E1EF6DB1C1EBC3B1C861C04" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-80.08361">80°05'01"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m alt., 23 Aug 1996 [fr],
|
||
<emphasis id="EB5B92025B595B15B9B965B10D3708B7" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B.B. Klitgaard et al. 325</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="333FC30D52BF142F1C6E775E9D4E52FB" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">n</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.v., K, LOJA n.v., NY, QCNE n.v.); 26 Feb 1997 [fr],
|
||
<emphasis id="FCE4FECADDD814CBD08AF616E304C0DA" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B.B. Klitgaard et al. 424</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU n.v., K, LOJA n.v., NY, QCNE n.v.). [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4106739A0E5FD4B9CFD1804EE04F726" originalValue="Piñas">Pinas</normalizedToken>
|
||
]: Piedras, about 3 km. along new trail, 18 Jun 1943 [st],
|
||
<emphasis id="93C133C7743206E98032CF636FAE5C2F" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">E.L. Little</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1B2CBADAF1A96DD9A9C35737F0AF0BF9" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Jr. 6622</emphasis>
|
||
(US).
|
||
<emphasis id="3A089B2CCBB9D0F5341AF721FD0C72DA" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Guayas</emphasis>
|
||
: [without specific locality] 2 Feb 1962 [fr],
|
||
<emphasis id="50E81FCF84893D26E7D34D92A328AAE7" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A.J. Gilmartin 551</emphasis>
|
||
(US). Guayaquil: Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, 15 km west of Guayaquil, summit area of Cerro Blanco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6E7A797719C09EC60B968E7FA4C4ADEE" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.1666667">2°10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A6D9F2BD13A8607F51D510E90B2EA4BD" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.96667">79°58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 370 m alt., 27 Feb 1996 [fr],
|
||
<emphasis id="FF6FFAA9246D913DD8A0145BC709E854" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
D. Neill & T.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="004348A9FCD0842E81775035EC91B57F" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
10453
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, US); Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, along road from visitor centre to "Cusumbo Top", 80, 01 W, 2 10 S, 400 m alt., 7 Aug 1996 [im fr],
|
||
<emphasis id="9643B7341E3D802C7C1C48891929B024" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D. Neill</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="28E79B00824239221AF059FCDAAAA2EF" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
T.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="149CB5D720606D74A50B58482412D6F8" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
& J. Machuca 10636
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, carretera a Salinas, km 15,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="31D6CB394598220EA91B5F9323E33AE1" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.1666667">2°10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4E493A83530EB7219F0849FE858F375F" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.96667">79°58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 400 m alt., 21-25 Jan 1992 [fr],
|
||
<emphasis id="1770074421C2C23340D501882D1F6C7A" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D. Rubio & Galo Tipaz 2365</emphasis>
|
||
(MO). Isidro Ayora: Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="07FDD74E825B3EFD6DFC6C74AB5324C0" originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Manglares Churute, carretera
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D41BBA22B39AD24F86E6A8C0F8090E31" originalValue="Guayaquil–Puerto">Guayaquil-Puerto</normalizedToken>
|
||
Inca, sector norte del Cerro Masvale,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CB1EA0A10C591167F72CAC6157C7644" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.3333333">2°20'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EC5318B9AB3A19819FBBAA263099C2F2" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.833336">79°50'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 200-300 m alt., May 1993 [fl],
|
||
<emphasis id="E14AD5F4B6336AFEEF1429394A4C3DE7" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
T.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1C6A6496A73FDAD0B3D8127D271B5F3F" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
& A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A671A1C1BBE1B96E5E791C974DFB9D7C" originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
147
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis id="3B2B815E857B6E2054AEA4F6A84310D3" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Manabi</emphasis>
|
||
: [Puerto
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8C58DF6D808FA03D582AF572662C3A99" originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
]: Estero Perro Muerto, Machalilla National Park, below San Sebastian,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="496AD1612247BBA54A06B953C1634E3D" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6">1°36'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1DB4DEAD6155DD06825A4D916C5636C3" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-80.7">80°42'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 400-420 m alt., 23 Jan 1991 [fl],
|
||
<emphasis id="98A3961D2C18172290E2BB855FFC7DFF" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. Gentry & C. Josse</emphasis>
|
||
72677 (MO); [San Vicente]: [hacienda] El Recreo, [fl],
|
||
<emphasis id="80995F3B60A2F003FCBAA387E78E2BB3" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H.F.A. von Eggers 15752</emphasis>
|
||
(US).
|
||
<emphasis id="AF24DDB24B7575678ECB392DB56F44C0" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">PERU. Tumbes</emphasis>
|
||
: Zarumilla: Dtto. Matapalo, Campo Verde a 68 km de. Tumbes, 700-800 m alt., 24 Dec 1967 [fr], J. Schunke V. 2411 (F, NY, US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AB6C0268422AEF6F3F05A9FB1BFB8CB" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="4DE282A920BF7C4C6FBA015C6AC7B7A8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ACC405982C2EEBC54CED4AC4CDF2AA6A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
This species, restricted to the few remaining fragments of dry tropical forest in western Ecuador and the Tumbes region of Peru, has been mistakenly referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF25DFC310BC14B7F8378A12D39AE9F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="99D0D3067F1F1513A7F1EDAC6608D6CE" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cynometra crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benth. for many years. However, closer examination shows it to be quite distinct from this taxon. The type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="542A615C497FF275E3176F21EE50FB5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CBBC093988709E6447A18C69BD1E063" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in Brazil by Portuguese naturalist Alexandre Rodriques Ferreira during his exploration of the Amazonian region of Brazil from 1783-1792. His collections, along with many others housed at Lisbon, were expropriated by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70D97A2479A21087EDA2C9A64B552C63" originalValue="Étienne">Etienne</normalizedToken>
|
||
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and transferred to Paris during
|
||
<normalizedToken id="73FB944C2A453EEF72FA91FED6CBE927" originalValue="Napoleon’s">Napoleon's</normalizedToken>
|
||
occupation of Portugal. There, it was seen by George Bentham, who described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3220DF2DF5E38B322EF646B8FD6BAD8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A34C1730E13237CD182ABB1F583E67" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cynometra crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1840. The primary differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A72E1819A5FF3D9B7505538AD0836FBA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BC89149BC8E93B5C1B7CF9213E1481" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8273D33E3D02A841E2CC1457E44AEE30" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEB6012C082A23DEAAD615CFB72905B" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the inflorescences: the racemes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9357AAE1F93E9BE3FF240C28EC00EA77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA0735DE3337C3E2BE15716C3270ECE0" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have larger flowers, longer pedicels and a more robust pedicel and rachis, but fewer individual flowers than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9C659D80DFF232863950D0E06978C1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="571ED2CC8E3AC36814F21D9FB686B57C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C6E618EF64BDB5F6D95751CA2624145" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEAE89F20B447FE814807C966511495D" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indeed relatively small compared to the other neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE00C1421E1EDFC23BC38D9D0E52D1DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="10EAA06D5CB5DD91F5D85A63C9BC9EB0" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cynometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, though they are densely clustered on the short rachis of the inflorescence. The leaflets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BF8F4A0C6D5A0EF732C87C31FC245E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D48C0991FDD3C888CDD306E58CDDB468" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also less distinctly acuminate than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E130E57279128A2475096960932EACF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A5BDC5775491ED651BE00C32C1AC924" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and have a less obtuse base; the base of the leaflet in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A5E79902742B02EFF99C713C219A280" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="635275D562AA638FECF94017D443C3F2" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can appear to be almost truncate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0785BCCF3E2BF3345894BF9CEA51AAB7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Some taxonomists have placed the Ecuadoran
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69B5EB38A02DB85F51BE8D978628C306" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF03C6ACE2E31C225FE0DB1F7DEB194A" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cynometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="899098BD3459A46F98FEA179CC9D2B42" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. bauhiniifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bauhiniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="32ACC67C2299C2D13A6B89EBF97AABCA" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. bauhiniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benth., with a few treating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CAD593F7430081E116D66FF29F55CDE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9616DC956972B3A0261F8BB24731132" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08713675645B4A10804498BE08CA2056" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. bauhiniifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bauhiniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE642A9915E2F44D07AA341FD6B073E8" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. bauhiniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57D629039A8BA02EE601F1C8B5A52F17" author="Neill, DA" editor="Jorgensen, PM" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="368 - 374" refId="B36" refString="Neill, DA, Klitgaard, BB, Lewis, GP, 1999. Caesalpiniaceae. In: Jorgensen, PM, Leon-Yanez, S, Eds., Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 368 - 374" title="Caesalpiniaceae." volume="75" volumeTitle="Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador." year="1999">Neill et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the first case, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20BBE7C9268B987E1E9E69389F8340FF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFA98AA409754C411A74D330944298E3" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does bear a passing resemblance to some forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6876CF3D787DB8F243923A39E988A7D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. bauhiniifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bauhiniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D16835AC3FEAB040009317DB1129DFE" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. bauhiniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pod of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DDC8670F8017325038F90B2587815C9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. bauhiniifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bauhiniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A908A8A99FD847E96CDCB93EBDFEA2" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. bauhiniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is many times smaller and the surface of the valves is corky and deeply rugose. In the latter case, it is difficult to find justification for synonymising the two with the exception that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78105A29711609FFF29C23D3B56CFD51" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. bauhiniifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bauhiniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CCAE4641E6976D0149FDB2698D8048B" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. bauhiniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been a dumping ground for hard to place taxa within the genus and does occasionally occur in drier habitats. The leaflets, inflorescences and fruits all differ. Instead, the type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8179A2DD8BD74FC5478732B2CD5C1C56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="8B91296AAE13F58072811F7358443778" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66B5A762DA902447B5E39479B9116227" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longicuspis" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="240CDADC253C6A8F140CD7FD54756066" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. longicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ducke, a widespread species from the moist lowland forests of Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5779D360EAA8AED0D793FE0DE4AACCD7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FA48FA4AEA3A880A70ABDFC963C8190" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9E271E1620302C2CBED8110A3706569" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7E8EEC629885B8EF5608251A6135D20B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Cynometra</pageBreakToken>
|
||
tumbesiana
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically and ecologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEB33BC3343DD6F538A99659A69516CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. oaxacana" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC52DD863B42BB151A40446DA87C682E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. oaxacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brandegee from western and southern Mexico. The two can be distinguished by the narrower and more acuminate leaflets and larger fruits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89AD23D56F73AEE35528AB9DC9A8B725" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA8191506B3409DAA2B62FFD7C3C097" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B978DE0C7FEFDFFCFEE3D718D0C331" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. oaxacana" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF01863BE1DBD9A84366D51E87F65A9" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. oaxacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also slightly more robust and have a more obvious pubescence. Both species are found in dry habitats (uncommon amongst the neotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52BCA3C015B303B64862D8F969FA24B8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynometra" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="734A91A4726F6BC866CAFE917C8E5D60" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cynometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E6E274D19F355D2E8968B8347DFC1B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tumbesiana" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tumbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC747E861AAB91FE7017BBF5F2F6E125" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. tumbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in much drier sites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |