490 lines
51 KiB
XML
490 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bd911c4-a027-4a72-a69b-f37bc46b24b9" ID-PMC="PMC7669820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-989-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" ID-PubMed="33223897" ID-ZooBank="F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-989-79" checkinTime="1604986516813" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M., Doenz, Carmela J., Vonlanthen, Pascal & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2020" docId="372C01C3636C5ECD9A708ED8FB1B139B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 989: 79-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 989" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" docTitle="C. brienzii Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C42663B8-4D34-4499-85D9-259AB7DA204B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1668169826672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@eawag.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doenz, Carmela J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vonlanthen, Pascal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquabios GmbH, Les Fermes 57, 1792 Cordast, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>989</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-989-79</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168961862" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C42663B8-4D34-4499-85D9-259AB7DA204B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/372C01C3636C5ECD9A708ED8FB1B139B" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName LSID="372C01C3-636C-5ECD-9A70-8ED8FB1B139B" authority="Selz, Dönz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="brienzii" status="sp. nov.">
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C. brienzii Selz,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
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, Vonlanthen & Seehausen
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="34" pageNumber="113">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Felchen":
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B34" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1990. Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil.-nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." title="Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil. - nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." year="1990">Kirchhofer 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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(see also synonymy of
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<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Large type":
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<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 2007
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(see also synonymy of
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||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. "Balchen":
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="58 - 66" refId="B28" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2011. Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278: 58 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" title="Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" volume="278" year="2011">Hudson et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B27" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Bezault, E, Seehausen, O, 2013. Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 1 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" title="Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" volume="13" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10: 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="357 - 363" refId="B64" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Bittner, D, Hudson, A, Young, KA, Mueller, R, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Roy, D, Di Piazza, S, Largiader, CR, Seehausen, O, 2012. Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature 482: 357 - 363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" title="Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" volume="482" year="2012">Vonlanthen et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B62" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, 2013. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee. ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee." year="2013">
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Vonlanthen and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Périat">Periat</normalizedToken>
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||
2013
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(see also synonymy of
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||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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sp. "Balchen 2":
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(see also synonymy of
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||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655308" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" location="Lake Brienz" longitude="7.95" specimenCode="NMBE-1077126" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode>NMBE-1077126</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372C01C3636C5ECD9A708ED8FB1B139B:C57F05723A58EB8255589B81A348A011" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" name="Lake Brienz">Lake Brienz</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
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), 223 mm SL,
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<specimenCount type="female">female</specimenCount>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655306" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" location="Lake Brienz" longitude="7.95" specimenCode="NMBE-1077116-1077125, NMBE-1077127-1077128" specimenCount="12" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode>NMBE-1077116-1077125</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode>NMBE-1077127-1077128</specimenCode>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372C01C3636C5ECD9A708ED8FB1B139B:D2A500880499E42A5026643CC23DA08A" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" name="Lake Brienz">Lake Brienz</location>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
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), N =
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<specimenCount>12</specimenCount>
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, 118-226 mm SL.
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a medium-sized whitefish with moderate pigmentation of all fins and body; light to dark greenish blue colour on the flanks above the lateral line; moderate to many pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank and the dorsum; deep bodied; stout caudal peduncle; short head; moderately large eye with a moderately thick and triangular shaped eye socket.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
occurs only in Lake Brienz and we therefore compare the characters of this species specifically with the species of Lake Brienz. Differential diagnoses against
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given under those
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
|
||
General appearance is shown in Figure 8. Morphological and meristic characters of both sexes can be found in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Morphological and meristic data of C. brienzii from Lake Brienz, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077126, female, holotype; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and the mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" tableUuid="3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B">7</tableCitation>
|
||
and Suppl. material 1: Table S6 and first- and second-best ratios for both sexes combined can be found in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
||
. The description is valid for both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Shape</emphasis>
|
||
: Moderately deep bodied with greatest body depth anterior of the dorsal fin. Dorsal profile moderately arched compared to ventral profile. The dorsal profile from the tip of snout to the anterior origin of dorsal fin is moderately convex, whereas the ventral profile is slightly arched such that is almost straight or slightly convex from the interorbital area to the pelvic fin origin. In some specimens the ventral profile and dorsal profile are similar and only slightly arched. Head moderately short. Mouth is rather thin (i.e., width of upper and lower jaw), moderately short and terminal to sub-terminal. The snout can range from almost equally wide as deep to wider than deep, and is only moderately pronounced, since the tip of the snout can sometimes be fleshy and roundish. Moderately large eye. The eye-socket is thick and triangular (i.e., sickle-shaped). Pectoral fin moderately tapered. The anterior unbranched ray of the erected dorsal fin is almost vertically straight with an approx. 70-80° angle to the body axis and is only bent slightly posteriorly at the end of the ray. Caudal peduncle is moderately stout and short. Caudal fin forked and sometimes slightly asymmetrical with the dorsal part being longer. Unbranched ray of anal fin mostly straight and only sometimes slightly bent posteriorly. Anal fin longest anteriorly and progressively shortening posteriorly with the outer margin of the anal fin mostly slightly concave and only rarely straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Meristics</emphasis>
|
||
: Many gill rakers that are moderately long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: Pigmentation of fins and body overall moderate in live specimens. The pectoral fin is mostly translucent and only rarely moderately pigmented at the median to distal parts of the fin. The dorsal, adipose, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins are moderately pigmented. Silvery appearance along the flanks with moderate to many pigmented small dots on the scales. The dots are found along the flank and the dorsum. The distribution of the dots is bound to the scale patterning such that the dots are found at the edge of the scales or at the boundary point of two scales (as can be found for the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both lakes and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="34" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="113">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Thun). Dorsally above the lateral line the silvery appearance changes to a light (e.g., RGB (135, 236, 179)) or darker greenish blue colour (e.g., RGB (7,168,125)). The dorsal part of the head is moderately pigmented. The snout around the nostrils is
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="114" start="start">moderately</pageBreakToken>
|
||
pigmented with a gap of very weak pigmentation posteriorly of the nostrils up to the height of the middle of the eyes. The pre-operculum and operculum are silvery with one black dot on the lower margin of the pre-operculum. For a comparison
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="115" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the main colouration found in the other species see Suppl. material 1: Figure S8. Preserved specimens are pale in colouration with similar pigmentation as described for live specimens. The silvery, translucent, not coloured or unpigmented parts of the body become brown-yellowish (e.g., RGB (239, 210, 40)), whereas the pigmented parts are conserved and the coloured parts (dorsally above the lateral line) become brownish (e.g., RGB (186, 140, 100)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="115">Distribution and notes on biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in Lake Brienz (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) which is connected with Lake Thun through the river Aare at Interlaken. Our previous genetic work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the same species as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that it together with the other three species,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is present in both lakes. All four species displayed the same genetic relationships in both lakes (i.e., the same hierarchical grouping into distinct genotypic clusters and similar extends of genetic divergence). However, recent analyses of whole-genome data (De-Kayne et al. unpublished) revealed, that specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Thun do not group with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas those of the other three species from both lakes do cluster together. Instead the whole genome data suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clusters closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Thun - as has previously been shown with genetic data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) - and that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clusters closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Brienz. Interestingly, we also find morphological relationships to differ between the lakes; in Lake Thun
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups in morphospace with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in Lake Brienz
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups in morphospace with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most likely feeds on a mix of benthic prey and zooplankton (stomach content:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; isotopic signatures:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and has a moderatly fast growth rate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has to be noted that the work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not distinguish between all species in Lake Brienz and thus lumped different species together into few groups.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated between "small-type" and "large-type" whitefish based on cohort-specific threshold values for length-at age. Based on morphology and ecology
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated in Lake Brienz between "Felchen" (comprising most likely of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and "Brienzlig" and "Winter-Brienzlig" (comprising of summer- and winter-spawning specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Also, the isotopic work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not yet differentiate between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The relative species abundances in the pelagic and benthic habitat from a habitat-stratified random sampling of Lake Brienz (mid-September 2011: Vonlanthen et al. 2013) shows, that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent from the benthic habitat and is present in the moderately deep pelagic waters (30 m;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is to note that the habitat-stratified random sampling data only covers a short period of time (one month in late summer) and it is thus not clear how the species is distributed spatially through the rest of the year.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles phenotypically
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The average size (total length) at 3 years of age for specimens in this study is 254 + 14 mm (N = 8) (Suppl. material 1: Figures S5, S6). The size at 3 years of age of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, slightly smaller than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="36" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="115">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and consider
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="116" start="start">ably</pageBreakToken>
|
||
larger than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="37" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1: Figure S6).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a short spawning season in late December (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spawns mostly in moderately shallow waters of 10 m down to 60 m and rarely to 100 m (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spawning season and depth of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="37" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps largely with that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="37" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="116" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="116">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="116">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="brienzii" pageId="37" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the genitive of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="116">Brienz</emphasis>
|
||
. We name this species after Lake Brienz, as it is the only endemic whitefish species known for Lake Brienz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="116" type="common name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="116">Common name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="116">None. We suggest the German name "Brienzer Kleinbalchen"</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |