201 lines
18 KiB
XML
201 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0161070" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13653468-6a2b-418f-acc9-1466a1b8ae39" ID-PMC="PMC5014348" ID-PubMed="27603205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3692506" checkinTime="1582982798105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Figueroa, Alex, McKelvy, Alexander D., Grismer, L. Lee, Bell, Charles D. & Lailvaux, Simon P." docDate="2016" docId="03B087973222FFE1A31C20A99E42FD60" docLanguage="en" docName="journal.pone.0161070.PDF" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 11 (161070)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Ahaetuliinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FF89FFEF3237FFF7A10925279A30FFAD" masterDocTitle="A Species-Level Phylogeny of Extant Snakes with Description of a New Colubrid Subfamily and Genus" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1668134672264" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Species-Level Phylogeny of Extant Snakes with Description of a New Colubrid Subfamily and Genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>McKelvy, Alexander D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grismer, L. Lee</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bell, Charles D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lailvaux, Simon P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-09-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>161070</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>31</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0161070</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">13653468-6a2b-418f-acc9-1466a1b8ae39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5014348</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">27603205</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3692506</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703352" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162366808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087973222FFE1A31C20A99E42FD60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087973222FFE1A31C20A99E42FD60" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[533,1536,1422,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,942,1422,1446]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName box="[652,794,1422,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ahaetuliinae">Ahaetuliinae</taxonomicName>
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subfam. nov.
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</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 22C47597-1DEF- 45A4-ABAC-11C4911557AD
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[565,923,1491,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[533,1536,1422,1897]" box="[565,923,1491,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,697,1492,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type genus:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Link" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[703,861,1491,1515]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ahaetulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[703,806,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ahaetulla</emphasis>
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Link
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Link HF" box="[875,913,1492,1516]" journalOrPublisher="Rostock: Adlers Erben" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref16929" refString="118. Link HF. Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universitat zu Rostock, Volume 2. Rostock: Adlers Erben; 1807." title="Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universitat zu Rostock, Volume 2" type="book" year="1807">118</bibRefCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[533,1536,1422,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,663,1526,1550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Content:</emphasis>
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Four genera containing 56 species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[1038,1141,1526,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ahaetulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1038,1141,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ahaetulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(8 species),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Boie" authorityYear="1826" box="[1269,1395,1526,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chrysopelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1269,1395,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chrysopelea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(5 species),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[533,672,1561,1585]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dendrelaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[533,672,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrelaphis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(41 species), and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[859,979,1561,1585]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dryophiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[859,979,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dryophiops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[533,1536,1422,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,691,1596,1620]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology:</emphasis>
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From the Sri Lankan language Sinhala, ahaetulla/ahata gulla/as gulla, meaning “eye plucker” or “eye picker” for belief that they pluck out the eyes of humans as accounted by the Portuguese traveler João Ribeiro in 1685 (as cited in [
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<bibRefCitation author="Weinstein SA & Warrell DA & White J & Keyler DE" box="[1134,1172,1665,1689]" journalOrPublisher="London: Elsevier" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref16952" refString="119. Weinstein SA, Warrell DA, White J, Keyler DE. Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of " colubrid " snake bites. London: Elsevier; 2011." title="Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of " colubrid " snake bites" type="book" year="2011">119</bibRefCitation>
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]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[533,1536,1422,1897]" lastBlockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,847,1699,1723]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis and definition:</emphasis>
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Snakes of this subfamily are arboreal and are diagnosed by keeled ventral and subcaudal scales (laterally notched in some species), and enlarged posterior grooved fangs lacking in some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[857,996,1769,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dendrelaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[857,996,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrelaphis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Support for monophyly of this clade is very strong (SHL = 100) as also reported in Pyron
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<emphasis box="[939,983,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Pyron RA & Burbrink FT & Wiens JJ" box="[998,1024,1803,1827]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evol. Biol." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="93" part="13" refId="ref12028" refString="15. Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Wiens JJ. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evol. Biol. 2013; 13: 93. doi: 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 93 PMID: 23627680" title="A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes" type="journal article" year="2013">15</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<taxonomicName box="[1045,1180,1803,1827]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ahaetuliinae">Ahaetuliinae</taxonomicName>
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is further split into two monophyletic groups: 1)
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[735,855,1838,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dryophiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[735,855,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dryophiops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[907,1010,1838,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ahaetulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[907,1010,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ahaetulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(SHL = 96) and; 2)
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Boie" authorityYear="1826" box="[1219,1345,1838,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chrysopelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1219,1345,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chrysopelea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[1397,1536,1838,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dendrelaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1397,1536,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrelaphis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(SHL = 100). Diagnostic characteristics of the first group include, elongate and laterally- compressed bodies, elongate heads, 15 smooth mid-body dorsal scale rows, and large eyes with horizontal pupils and well-developed canthus rostralis outfitting these snakes with binocular vision [
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<bibRefCitation author="Walls GL" box="[612,650,277,301]" journalOrPublisher="Michigan: The Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomington Hills" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref16992" refString="120. Walls GL. The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Michigan: The Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomington Hills; 1942." title="The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation" type="book" year="1942">120</bibRefCitation>
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]. Features diagnostic of the second group include, slender body, rectangular slightly compressed heads, large eyes with round pupils, 13–17 smooth to weakly-keeled mid-body dorsal scale rows.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Boie" authorityYear="1826" box="[723,849,346,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chrysopelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[723,849,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chrysopelea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are celebrated for their unique gliding behavior, whereas
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dendrelaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dendrelaphis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are capable of jumping [
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<bibRefCitation author="Socha JJ" box="[890,928,381,405]" journalOrPublisher="Integr. Comp. Biol." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="969 - 982" part="51" refId="ref17018" refString="121. Socha JJ. Gliding flight in Chrysopelea: turning a snake into a wing. Integr. Comp. Biol. 2011; 51: 969 - 982. doi: 10.1093 / icb / icr 092 PMID: 21816808" title="Gliding flight in Chrysopelea: turning a snake into a wing" type="journal article" year="2011">121</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,703,415,440]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sister taxon:</emphasis>
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Previously placed within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[974,1094,416,440]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubrinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1105,1240,416,440]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ahaetuliinae">Ahaetuliinae</taxonomicName>
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forms a strong (SHL = 95) sister relationship with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[780,901,450,474]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubrinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
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, also weakly supported by Pyron
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<emphasis box="[1252,1296,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Pyron RA & Burbrink FT & Wiens JJ" box="[1311,1337,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evol. Biol." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="93" part="13" refId="ref12028" refString="15. Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Wiens JJ. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evol. Biol. 2013; 13: 93. doi: 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 93 PMID: 23627680" title="A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes" type="journal article" year="2013">15</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,712,485,509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Members of this subfamily inhabit various habitats, but are mostly associated with forests distributed from Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India, north to Nepal and Bangladesh, eastwards all throughout Southeast Asia to southern China, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and northeast Australia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,669,624,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[788,891,624,648]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ahaetulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[788,891,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ahaetulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has suffered from a tumultuous nomenclatural history [
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<bibRefCitation author="Savage JM & Oliver JA" box="[542,580,658,682]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Zool. Nomen." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="147 - 152" part="12" refId="ref17060" refString="122. Savage JM, Oliver JA. Proposed addition to the " Official List of Generic Names in Zoology " of " Ahaetulla " Link, 1807, with " Ahaetulla mycterizans " Link, 1807, as the type species (Class Reptilia). Bull. Zool. Nomen. 1956; 12: 147 - 152." title="Proposed addition to the " Official List of Generic Names in Zoology " of " Ahaetulla " Link, 1807, with " Ahaetulla mycterizans " Link, 1807, as the type species (Class Reptilia)" type="journal article" year="1956">122</bibRefCitation>
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]. In addition, members of these genera have historically been grouped with unrelated taxa based on absence or presence of hypapophyses [
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<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger GA" box="[1040,1078,693,717]" journalOrPublisher="London: Taylor and Francis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref17121" refString="123. Boulenger GA. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Containing the Colubridae (opisthoglyphae and proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. London: Taylor and Francis; 1896." title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Containing the Colubridae (opisthoglyphae and proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae" type="book" year="1896">123</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Brongersma LD" box="[1085,1123,693,717]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Meded." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="240 - 242" part="20" refId="ref17165" refString="124. Brongersma LD. On the presence or absence of hypapophyses under the posterior precaudal vertebrae in some snakes. Zool. Meded. 1938; 20: 240 - 242." title="On the presence or absence of hypapophyses under the posterior precaudal vertebrae in some snakes" type="journal article" year="1938">124</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |