164 lines
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164 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd0d3b9c-a3ed-4dbe-8482-80b87cefa611" ID-PMC="PMC5740468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-722-137" ID-PubMed="29308033" ID-ZBK="AFA43345E3564FE59BC0FCABE2EEB9FC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-722-137" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 722" ModsDocTitle="Intra-specific structural variation among Hawaiian Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), with ten new synonymies and one new species" checkinTime="1513276562789" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A." docDate="2017" docId="917D13F57AB3E3B13CE7715C503A28CB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 722: 137-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 722" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131" docTitle="Hoplothrips dubius" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="0D51FFD0FFA1FF97141CFFF5FFDEFF9B" masterDocTitle="Intra-specific structural variation among Hawaiian Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), with ten new synonymies and one new species" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1668165209758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Intra-specific structural variation among Hawaiian Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), with ten new synonymies and one new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>722</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>137</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-722-137</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AFA43345E3564FE59BC0FCABE2EEB9FC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AFA43345E3564FE59BC0FCABE2EEB9FC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137765450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:917D13F57AB3E3B13CE7715C503A28CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/917D13F57AB3E3B13CE7715C503A28CB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bagnall" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips dubius" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="140" start="start">Hoplothrips</pageBreakToken>
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dubius (Bagnall)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="140" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Dolerothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerothrips dubius" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">Dolerothrips dubius</taxonomicName>
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Bagnall, 1910: 691
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Dolerothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerothrips barbatus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">Dolerothrips barbatus</taxonomicName>
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Bagnall, 1910: 683. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Dolerothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerothrips ovatus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">Dolerothrips ovatus</taxonomicName>
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Bagnall, 1910: 686. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Dolerothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerothrips angusticeps" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticeps">Dolerothrips angusticeps</taxonomicName>
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Bagnall, 1910: 688. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Dolerothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerothrips bicolor" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Dolerothrips bicolor</taxonomicName>
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Bagnall, 1910: 688. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips coprosmae" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprosmae">Hoplothrips coprosmae</taxonomicName>
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Moulton, 1936: 186. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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This species is a member of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips fungi" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungi">Hoplothrips fungi</taxonomicName>
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complex. This comprises corticis,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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, japonicus,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="karnyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="karnyi">karnyi</taxonomicName>
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, orientalis and ulmi, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Stannard, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="213 - 552" title="The Thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois." volume="29" year="1968">Stannard (1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 459) suggested that these various names may refer to a single species that is widespread across the Holarctic;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Schliephake and Klimt (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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even placed
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym of ulmi. However, as indicated below, each of these six species can, at present, be distinguished from the others. In contrast,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="dubius" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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from the Hawaiian Islands cannot be distinguished satisfactorily from some individuals identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="karnyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="karnyi">karnyi</taxonomicName>
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from North America, including from Vancouver, Canada. In the absence of more extensive studies on the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
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fauna of Western North America, the name dubius seems appropriate to use for the form on Hawaii. Currently, the six species in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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complex are distinguished from each other as follows. Specimens with antennal segment IV brown are placed in orientalis, the other five all having antennal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–V">IV-V</normalizedToken>
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yellow at the base. The males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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share with those of japonicus and orientalis a particularly large pore plate on sternite VIII, but
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by having long slender sense cones on antennal segment III, particularly the one on the inner apical margin. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Okajima, S" journalOrPublisher="The Insects of Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 720" title="The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera)." volume="2" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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, japonicus has antennal segment III particularly elongate, more than 2.6 times as long as wide, although the sense cones on that segment are as short as in ulmi; in orientalis, these sense cones are intermediate in length between
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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and ulmi. Finally, ulmi has short sense cones on antennal segment III, and the median length of the pore plate on sternite VIII of males is much shorter than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mound, LA" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 79" title="Thysanoptera." volume="1" year="1976">Mound et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Okajima, S" journalOrPublisher="The Insects of Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 720" title="The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera)." volume="2" year="2006">Okajima 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimens identified as the North American species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="karnyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="karnyi">karnyi</taxonomicName>
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, have the short antennal sense cones of ulmi, but the pore plate on sternite VIII of males is variable and intermediate between the condition found in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="ulmi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="ulmi">ulmi</taxonomicName>
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from Europe The species here identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="dubius" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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was found quite commonly on Hawaii, in Volcano National Park, in June 2016, and also at two sites on Oahu - Makuleia trail and Manoa Cliffs trail.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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Bagnall described
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<taxonomicName lsidName="dubius" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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from five winged females and one
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“aptera”">"aptera"</normalizedToken>
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, taken variously on the three islands - Hawaii, Molokai and Lanai. However, only the macropterous female from "Molokai Mts" remains, and this has only one antenna (Fig. 14) and is slide mounted and designated lectotype (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mound, LA" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Supplement" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 181" title="A review of R. S. Bagnall's Thysanoptera collections. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="11" year="1968">Mound 1968</bibRefCitation>
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). The unique holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="barbatus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="barbatus">barbatus</taxonomicName>
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, a large micropterous male from Kona, Hawaii, was described as lacking the distal antennal segments, although segments III and IV are available and are brown
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="141" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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the basal third yellow. Sternites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
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have paired reticulate areas similar to those illustrated on the male syntype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flavipes" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 22), and the median length of the pore plate on sternite VIII is about 30 microns. The lectotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="ovatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="ovatus">ovatus</taxonomicName>
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is the single large male that was taken on Haleakala, Maui, but of the original six females mentioned by Bagnall only two remain. The three specimens were slide mounted in 1967, and they retain antennae and most setae, but there is no reason to consider this as a different species from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="dubius" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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. Antennae were not available on either of the two original specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="angusticeps" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="angusticeps">angusticeps</taxonomicName>
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, and the lectotype is the male from Kalae, Molokai. Although much smaller than the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="barbatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="barbatus">barbatus</taxonomicName>
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holotype, it falls within the size range expected in species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
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and has reticulate areas laterally on the sternites, and the pore plate on sternite VIII is about 40 microns long medially. Bagnall described
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<taxonomicName lsidName="bicolor" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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from a single female taken on Kaala, Oahu. This lacked antennae, and the specimen is now slide mounted and lacks all major setae except for a single lateral seta on the third tergite; contrary to the original description, the tube is no paler than in other specimens here identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="dubius" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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. Moulton based
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<taxonomicName lsidName="coprosmae" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="coprosmae">coprosmae</taxonomicName>
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on four females and six males from Nauhi, Hawaii. These specimens are in good condition, and they have been compared with macropterous and micropterous specimens of both sexes collected on Hawaii and Oahu in June 2016, all of which have variably prominent cheek setae on the head. The antennal sense cones are not as elongate as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="fungi" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="fungi">fungi</taxonomicName>
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from Europe, and in males the sternites have reticulate areas laterally and the pore plate on sternite VIII is about 35 microns long medially. If these recent specimens, also the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="coprosmae" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="coprosmae">coprosmae</taxonomicName>
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types, had been collected in North America they would have been identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="karnyi" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="karnyi">karnyi</taxonomicName>
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. However, as indicated above, it is not possible at present to establish further synonymies between the fauna of Hawaii and that of the mainland until suitable studies are carried out on the North American
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
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fauna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |