416 lines
49 KiB
XML
416 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E62D1CB8CF45CED964B55D647DE0173D">Achaeta becki sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) from Amazonian forest soils</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1D7ACAEA8D20F55941AB0FDCD9C24818" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3DD9C42F62CCC512F6811171DEB81613">Schmelz. R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE79072383C0B1B0BCE29C4568071496">Collado, R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4BD1BD96A787CDDF41102D4A49BDC21A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6092663E7EC151BEC9D0E9574DF2897E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BEFC7EA74FBF5B691C1F8D920FF401F8">
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<mods:date id="757F34AE85BBC0E97BE9C2222300C4A3">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="49EC73AFEC77488A476C8403DC6818FD">1084</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="21661173E4CC7D4EE517D0F3E68C62F8">http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/z01084p057f.pdf</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9D0B1A255E808D05A91B352A72D91D42">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8F18EDBAB270BACA79B27E7E8A430E9A" type="Plazi-Custom">SCHMELZCOLLADO2005</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3D8C55553A0967F4A342B8FEBA9462EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100112968" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D8C55553A0967F4A342B8FEBA9462EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D8C55553A0967F4A342B8FEBA9462EE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="9F4B607035BD15094584507BB7CA14CF" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1346987158D277EE01DE6F882598CA84" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="42D1A6A62F7744939375938CB7F98E82" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">Achaeta becki</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="75B094749129C411C3F34D8A37AF4B21" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06C7CBDFE046822AAA76CBBAAE324052" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B39F7A6B8C9D9F6FD9D72DFAB1298E75" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">(Figures 1, 2, Table 1)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FF9AB763A208390BD722262CB6646757" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="23FC0E8C6C0597317160A5769956B651" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<materialsCitation id="208D6AB7321BC2CBD6BEFBBD6E5872BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480503" collectingDate="1997-07" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="J. Roembke and co-workers, R. M. Schmelz" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.8963888" location="at km 29 on the road from Manaus to Itacoatiara, close to the agroflorestal research station EMBRAPA-CPAA, primary rain forest" longitude="-59.995834" specimenCode="INPA 127" stateProvince="Amazonia" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5FCFA1F36354F838B8135AF36BC42109">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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<specimenCode id="705A14EA3590132B5323FA21D984A39D">
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<collectionCode id="38F2E7E4100A76C64D2F84B50F49A780">INPA</collectionCode>
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127
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
, stained and whole-mounted specimen, sexually mature with clitellum.
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<collectingCountry id="E0CD114C540501D7B7EA3A1B63B43070">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9F1963FF51AE618E29C399844A1C5DC8">Amazonia</collectingRegion>
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, Manaus,
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<geoCoordinate id="9A3BA8AC11C0C531C2D470043CD788FC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.8963888">02° 53' 47"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F0305D3648A8C1A9AE595616873957B4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.995834">59° 59' 45"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="25951DF912A4FC8B98CBE443F1F722F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D8C55553A0967F4A342B8FEBA9462EE:25951DF912A4FC8B98CBE443F1F722F5" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.8963888" longitude="-59.995834" name="at km 29 on the road from Manaus to Itacoatiara, close to the agroflorestal research station EMBRAPA-CPAA, primary rain forest" stateProvince="Amazonia">at km 29 on the road from Manaus to Itacoatiara, close to the agroflorestal research station EMBRAPA-CPAA, primary rain forest</location>
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, terra firme, area flat without elevations, 44-50 m a.s.l., soil type xanthix Ferrasol (FAO typology), pH ca. 4.0. Soil samples collected by
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<collectorName id="3AD2F50FFB981B6772D815F99DC09966">
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J.
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<normalizedToken id="45B150317758132CD39E9762BB18508B" originalValue="Römbke" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Roembke</normalizedToken>
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and co-workers
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</collectorName>
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<date id="40883D6B843144FBB0B359AD92F3C406" value="1997-07">
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<collectingDate id="19CE19F3A936970C50442BBF28B5C3CD" value="1997-07">July 1997</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, animals extracted from soil by
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<collectorName id="E18667B3700B567D08D269D675637381">R.M. Schmelz</collectorName>
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in
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<date id="6C1D0008C8932BA66624A47BF8C9413E" value="1997-07">
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<collectingDate id="5D217A4C65564B736C64390FB0C3DC6C" value="1997-07">July 1997</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E9D5C79A7AAEE6186A38EBE765F0FE66" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph id="E20438E6EF45513AF46A71575D5AEF09" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<pageBreakToken id="296E47446296D1015B283F26C394670D" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" start="start">FIGURE</pageBreakToken>
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="6BAC249BCA044BA32633B2A6BDB1BB54" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">Achaeta becki</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E58AB8861946C67A8753E997F30E901" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A. Anterior 13 segments, dorsal view. B. Clitellum, dorso-lateral view. Arrow: thickened septum of 13/14. C. Mal reproductive apparatus with sperm funnel, short vas deferens, male pore and glandular bodies. D. Body wall dorsally in optical sagittal section. E. Preclitellar nephridium. The anteseptale is bent backwards. F. Ectal part of spermatheca, lateral view. G. Schematic diagram of epidermal gland cell distribution in segments VI, X and XXVI, respectively, as seen in one specimen; lateral view, anterior body end to the left. Arrow: Segmentally repetitive agglomeration of cell nuclei. C is a freehand drawing from a living specimen; all other figures are from stained whole mounts.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D67244CBDE9F9C903CA48EADA6105B93" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<materialsCitation id="092A6F25D7EFDD3DF14CF4EDD9B4BC50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480504" collectingDate="1997-07" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="J. Roembke and co-workers, R. M. Schmelz" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.8963888" location="at km 29 on the road from Manaus to Itacoatiara, close to the agroflorestal research station EMBRAPA-CPAA, primary rain forest" longitude="-59.995834" specimenCode="INPA 128" stateProvince="Amazonia" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<pageBreakToken id="027D3915FF924AE52B27BFDA1076B226" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" start="start">
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<typeStatus id="36EEF79A87746DDC61888E0E3591594D">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</pageBreakToken>
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. Five specimens, stained and whole-mounted, sexually submature without fully developed clitellum, from type locality.
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<specimenCode id="020DA7EA717E4D097DAAABF67E6A2C8D">
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<collectionCode id="626F8AE0CBD56EF5D3AB94E0A8951EE3">INPA</collectionCode>
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128
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</specimenCode>
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: two specimens.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="EEFAC4CE4815927C896998F8A3D9CD52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480505" collectingDate="1997-07" collectionCode="ZIM" collectorName="J. Roembke and co-workers, R. M. Schmelz" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.8963888" location="at km 29 on the road from Manaus to Itacoatiara, close to the agroflorestal research station EMBRAPA-CPAA, primary rain forest" longitude="-59.995834" specimenCode="OL 14516" stateProvince="Amazonia" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<collectionCode id="426CDBB5FB75B434DB6BD314BF35A54F" collectionName="ZIM">ZIM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="3CE7FF5EE792F25C519E911CE625B30E">OL 14516</specimenCode>
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: three specimens. All collection data as in holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2665034C1AB72EB123CAEA994C794D6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="F634DEADC5BB94B6E9649C554551EB4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Etymology. The species is named after Ludwig Beck, former head of the Zoological Department of the "Staatliches Museum
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<normalizedToken id="1C6EA2B5ACF48E62F918ABDD2874055B" originalValue="für" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">fuer</normalizedToken>
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Naturkunde Karlsruhe" (State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe), in gratitude for his contributions to Amazonian soil animal ecology, as researcher, promoter, coordinator, mentor, and disseminator.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9955118976AD08385FBBF7EC8E5086E8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9FD6F63528366467FCCF42B36CF727C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A54882B647AC6370DB7A80996C2098E7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Living specimens ca. 6 mm long and 0.2 mm wide.
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<typeStatus id="A96B6E3BB660F35F815CEEA810D7F498">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(preserved) 5 mm long, diameter 0.17 mm in V, 0.23 mm in XII; from XIV on gradually tapering towards rear end, from 0.2 mm in XIV to 0.12 mm.
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<typeStatus id="E24984309BF7462006389D4E40C0A974">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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smaller. Segment number 34-37.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="48E83484F2CCEE2F753DBEDD89631F78" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Body wall (Fig. 1A,D) with thick cuticle, well-developed longitudinal muscle layer, and thin layer of epidermis and ring muscles in between. Dimensions in preserved material: body wall 10-14
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<normalizedToken id="581C2D7E9AD4B68A660027107DF7B760" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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, up to 25
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<normalizedToken id="A879E23BAE5F9FBD6A5620794EF2CDB1" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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thick in contracted regions; cuticle 3-7
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<normalizedToken id="C0913EC1BA4B1F5AC10DD05FB10DE45B" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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, up to 12
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<normalizedToken id="887CA29ECA9D07DA48FA7A3028F3AFF0" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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in contracted regions; layer of epidermis and ring muscles ca. 2
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<normalizedToken id="7B30556214726DE1F414809411078097" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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; longitudinal muscle layer ca. 5
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<normalizedToken id="1195548331E9991D68C7085BEDBF0723" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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. Ring muscles barely distinguishable. Cuticle thinner on prostomium and in clitellar region. Prostomium short, rounded, wider than long, bent ventrad. Head pore on prostomial tip. At anterior tip of prostomium, between head pore and mouth, a spherical region with very thin epidermis. Septa of 6/7, (7/8), 10/11, 11/12, and 12/13 thin. All other septa thickened, postclitellar septa included. Segment VII (as marked by the septa) shorter than the rest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="605E9B9F791931CDEA927E5AB96EC747" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">No chaetae; no pyriform glands (=setal follicles = bottle-shaped glands). Epidermal gland cells (Fig. 1G) (= lens-shaped epithelial cells) inconspicuous, flat, outline circular, rounded-rectangular in contracted body regions. Cells in 3-4 transverse rows per segment. Segmental number and distribution pattern of cells constant with slight variations. Cells in 3-4 transverse rows per segment; one row in anterior half of a segment, the other 2 or 3 rows in posterior half. Posterior rows close to each other, anterior row isolated. Four to eight cells per row. Cell distribution pattern in bilateral-symmetrical order. More cells dorsally than ventrally. Number of ventral cells increased in foremost and hindmost segments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="21AB482B370A1BEBE2E8812210AAC7F3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Brain (Fig. 1A) about twice as long as wide (one measurement in vivo: 110: 49
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<normalizedToken id="A3693979D7AFB0FBA356EFA0681F52D6" originalValue="µm" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ym</normalizedToken>
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), posteriorly slightly indented, sides parallel or slightly tapering anteriad. Ventral nerve cord organized in segmental ganglia; cord without perikarya at level of the septa and in anterior third of a segment. Suboesophageal ganglion (segments II-IV) without lateral constrictions; ganglion in V nor larger than in following segments. Post-pharyngeal bulbs inconspicuous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53790E2D43E4497A39EA1DA1B4F7D400" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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No oesophageal appendages (= peptonephridia). Pharyngeal (= septal) glands (Fig. 1A, 2A) with unpaired dorsal lobes in IV and V and paired ventral lobes in V and VI, the latter elongate, separate and often extending into VII; no secondary lobes. Chloragocytes larger than coelomocytes, with distinct vesicles; dense but not elevated layer of cells around intestine from VII on down to rear end; cell layer reduced but not absent in XII. Gut widening gradually in VI; widening abrupt in contracted specimens. Ventral intestinal epithelium
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<pageBreakToken id="E29DA013FE7446F970DF6F3730BC2AAA" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="start">vesicular</pageBreakToken>
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and non-staining in
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<normalizedToken id="37215F54C9210FD3528EDC0821C6FC24" originalValue="XVIII–XXVII" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">XVIII-XXVII</normalizedToken>
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, occupying 4-9 consecutive segments in a specimen (N=3). Vesicular cells elevated in 2 or 3 segments. Dorsal bood vessel from
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<normalizedToken id="A8552E16DAADAD8BCAA41B78D122D9E3" originalValue="XII–XIII" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">XII-XIII</normalizedToken>
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; no heart-like expansions observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BBC9D7DEEECFED13D997ABF17094BB8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Preclitellar nephridia (Fig. 1A,E) at 6/7 and 8/9. Anteseptale with funnel and coils of canal, longer than wide, anteriorly blunt, constricted at septum, often bent upwards or backwards; postseptale about twice as long as anteseptale, gradually tapering distally into short efferent duct. First postclitellar nephridium at 13/14. All nephridia with large terminal vesicle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD0EAD11B9D5AE262F6C9DE026D50F22" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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Coelomocytes (Fig. 2A) numerous, small, ca. 15-18
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<normalizedToken id="C9F06D83869C5E2752A5AC8483761CD1" originalValue="µm" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">ym</normalizedToken>
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long in vivo, rounded, ca. 1.5x as long as wide, pale, filled with distinct, globular vesicles; nucleus distinct, cell aggregations opaque but not coloured.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="AA7A27DE0BCDBC7A989CABB845774544" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<paragraph id="0F7DEA17BD6A6C611BFA05911B787589" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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FIGURE 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4F8D9A012611F9EFFE8D7FB4AE39F52A" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">Achaeta becki</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBD3EFA8102246E4935621BF51212E39" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Photographs from living specimen. A. Spermathecal region, dorsal view. Pharyngeal gland in of VI with sporozoan cysts. B. clitellum, dorsolateral view, same animal as in Figure 1B, with alternating wide (hyalocytes and granulocytes) and narrow (only granulocytes) transverse rows of gland cells, interrupted mid-dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="6597F80B87EA22286DDCCC97284BD07A" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Clitellum (Fig. 1A,B, 2B) in XII and XIII, extending over less than 2 segment lengths (first cell row behind septum of 11/12, last cell row before septum of 13/14), absent midventrally and mid-dorsally. In living specimens, cells on both sides of dorsal body half in ca. 24 conspicuous transverse rows, rows alternatingly narrow and wide. Wide rows composed of large hyalocytes and small granulocytes, narrow rows with granulocytes only. In preserved material, rows indistinct, hyalocytes very prominent. Latero-ventrally only granulocytes, arranged in dense to indistinct rows.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EDA20142FFD3FAF22FC783A12D1B60C0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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Testes in XI, unpaired, ovaries in XII. Seminal vesicle absent, few cysts free in XI. Spermatozoa (Fig. 1C) ca. 55
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<normalizedToken id="164E10FD1F9BE0872DBBA8D2BA4F855E" originalValue="µm" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">ym</normalizedToken>
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long, heads ca. 25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="916D467207863FAB447AACAF889DA0C6" originalValue="µm" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
long in vivo. Sperm funnel (Fig.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C2E5C8A8109B0EAC7745F32844CD8B48" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
|
||
A,C) small, strongly granulated, about twice as long as wide, tapering distad, with one or two median incisions; collar wider than funnel body. Vas deferens (Fig. 1A,C) very short, about as long as sperm funnel, without loops or coils, leading straight to male pore, distally with a club-shaped thickening, here canal describing a sharp bend immediately before male pore; diameter of vas deferens between 6.5 and 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="711B222752E95911308AEE60285C7CF9" originalValue="µm" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
, distally ca. 12
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C1C2B107AC15BF83DCDB0503DA278B5" originalValue="µm" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide or more (preserved material); wall epithelia somewhat irregular, lumen indistinct. Sperm funnel and vas deferens altogether not longer than ca. 170
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B48BE294B607A407DFD97452387AC952" originalValue="µm" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
(living and preserved material). Latero-ventral copulatory body muscles (modified ring muscles that traverse the coelom on both sides) strongly developed in XII (Fig. lA). Male pores apparently on body surface (no bursa seen, a small epidermal invagination may be present), surrounded by a small and narrow ring of modified cells, accompanied by two globular, glandular bodies, one in anterior, the other in posterior position (Fig. 1A,C). One mature egg at a time, occupying little more than one segment length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB53D8D1C277DE108834E1950C7361ED" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Spermatheca (Fig. 1A,F) consisting of ectal duct and ampulla, the latter subdivided into ectal dilatation, connecting tube and ental reservoir. Ectal pores lateral, immediately below lateral line, large in fixed specimens (diameter ca. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="93210A1265F84B531CDB076AA97C325B" originalValue="µm" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Ectal duct very short, with slight glandular thickening proximally before ampulla; canal lined by cuticle distally, proximally inconspicuous. Ampullar ectal dilatation in V, with smooth walls and distinguishable lumen; sperm arranged in parallel, heads distally, tails proximally. Connecting tube with indistinct canal, traversing segment VI, widening into thin-walled and elongate, sperm-filled reservoir that extends into VII or VIII. No asymmetry or bend in ectal region of spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CC9B4C79D9ED0A60DB39547E881FC0C6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65FB103F291A5A5336D09F4EE399967" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="19C978F50B4C989934CAEB6615346566" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD7380B10119BC9164A32CC69ACDB9DE" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">Achaeta becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of species characterized by the origin of the dorsal blood vessel in or near the clitellar region (Table 1). This character, very common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="468740E8C3E6CE361857DF27E55AF006" family="Enchytraeidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Enchytraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general, is comparatively rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91C7C73447FB7C9AAB9F5D66648E977A" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the dorsal blood vessel is usually confined to the anterior 6-8 segments. Out of the approximately 36 valid species described so far (the exact number cannot be given, pending a systematic revision of the genus), only three more species have a more posterior dorsal blood vessel origin:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D664716E069B2FE2C2679B9D7CD53B0" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="4422" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="neotropica">A. neotropica Cernosvitov</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1937 (origin in XI-XII),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9924534B740E2C535E6D2502F93589" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iridescens">A. iridescens Christoffersen</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1979 (origin in XI-XIII) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDF397BFFA0FAE85E7A0C9D27AC9E207" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica Benham</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1903 (origin in X). Interestingly, all three are from the southern hemisphere (the bulk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED874F635B4AD7A3DD8BF14771A51730" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is described from the northern hemisphere); two of them are from South America. They also agree with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBC5AB0734D50EAED2A8CF8AAE006005" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="513" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of both pyriform glands, absence of oesophageal appendages, the shape of the pharyngeal glands, and in a thick cuticle (the latter three characters are unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8224762B517AA84BBA54DC22133A08AE" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
); these traits, however, are found in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE8E40540EA7F72FD5EBA1FD6608A3BC" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E8BB4C991EE8C6151394F40355CB19C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Some rare peculiarities that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E33492B0AF963A101C300DED10D13B1D" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="696" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found only in the above-mentioned three species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26ED268ECB2ACA19DAE0268275A17030" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example, is the only other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DDB662D3B09992E04B02D631B169BB5" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with short and straight vasa deferentia. In all other known species of the genus, the vasa deferentia describe loops or coils. The male duct of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A270FE5F803879C8BE4BC428784FD7F" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as such: "The spermduct
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="1CFD6E47A1EFF0BEA660785216CB5B70" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
|
||
less than twice the length of the funnel, takes a nearly straight course backwards to about the middle of segment xii., when it bends downward almost at right angles; it is dilated after passing through the septum xi./xii., but soon narrwos again, and the external opening is surrounded by a small lens-shaped mass of glandular cells (spermiducal gland), which it perforates at about the center" (Benham 1903: 222). Apart from the apparent congruences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D54A132224E9A0B90AC6674DB545ABF" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="1167" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this description, together with a figure (Benham 1903, Pl. 25, Fig. 23), gives two characters that distinguish both species: a post-septal dilatation of the vas deferens (unique in the genus), and the presence of a single gland around the male pore (instead of two at some distance from the pore). Further differences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED788D4475EECACE6448CE380297F25E" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C85AD2B66692FD815A372CCAA6268788" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="1395" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: segment number (22), origin of dorsal vessel (X), and details of the spermathecae(extending into IX and X, presence of a ring of gland cells around the ectal pore, possible asymmetry of ampullar ectal dilatation, comp. Benham 1903, Pl. 25 Fig. 25). Further possibly differentiating characters are not or insufficiently known. The original description was based on a single specimen from the profundal of Lake Manapouri in New Zealand. There are no further records of the species, and according to Reynolds & Cook (1976), the type is lost. Coates (1989) considers
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFA16C973D9BDBC912D6F8C1323C8571" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
as species dubia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8383D970B8BC7618BBF437D3CACA8119" ID-Table-UUID="8383D970B8BC7618BBF437D3CACA8119" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8383D970B8BC7618BBF437D3CACA8119" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD59EE44C9A9E7F62E2C276A58123A44" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
TABLE 1. Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6608B4FFE9D0D9E65A8D792023BC0A96" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with dorsal blood vessel origin in or near clitellar region. All species lack pyriform glands. Further common characters (unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E11BF73E0B1791FBA175E41E2F7593D6" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
): thick cuticle, absence of oesophageal appendages, shape of pharyngeal glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="45AB56836E998402EBC10C62AE12BE4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<table id="FE0D12CBEA6A92609F3600E148355851" border="0" frame="box" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rules="all">
|
||
<tr id="A740E084675E7085C731D1941574E7F4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="C91A6EE99FD8D8110A9EFE68730C7FCE" isEmpty="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">EmTaCe</td>
|
||
<td id="40467FCA6894818E4831C011210CA7F3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52FAB1AA0C7E11DEF1DE6BC14F0FAC0F" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9765D4B848B6D3F809E72C18174DF9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A34A279B949020FF9972BEF4781DA94A" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C25629041627D4C7BCAD6D377FAE6677" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="neotropica">A. neotropica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="249CCB23FA8DF497987D26A6D65577E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45CABDDECC8F045C57C099CF0D130879" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iridescens">A. iridescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="818CA4E6BB6F4E318613D4B88E865F37" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FA65E9277DCDC40623280D7B443CD4F" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="72CC05296BDDEF49B78F41E913A18955" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="93410B8816D062C79832B8ACEB1B089E" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Segment number</td>
|
||
<td id="FE3B1631965FAFC78FE3EA7DD92BA7C3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">34-37</td>
|
||
<td id="030771BAA5867F53298D0EDE45A7B342" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">30-34</td>
|
||
<td id="A6F647A59A8FFD88DFEC03DA26AF2145" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">55-60</td>
|
||
<td id="A90AF2962D215E56D282EA520A0F8D92" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0E6A12F30D4944D9D7C4AB2C8C324897" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="F09544E19485FE5CC5986664A58F8AA3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Body length</td>
|
||
<td id="866398AF19DFC1FF09100D0677A11C36" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">5-6 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="A0BC2E98B2016603E66BA70782630487" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">3-4 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="142396F7644E3BB4FA5806056B470F1D" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">13.5-14.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="C7F2D7D11E070302D581E5EABEBF3994" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">4 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="647038D2EC6926AECB54BC73553D5A89" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="D89736A046DAB22C4D1AB89944BE92A0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Postclitellar septa</td>
|
||
<td id="30A93E987210B21D6A42B2E487DB58BB" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">thickened</td>
|
||
<td id="768A13F54543F0704F040F9CC3543247" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">?</td>
|
||
<td id="94D6FF4DDA613D2DDA35D3E0D32C68BB" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">thickened</td>
|
||
<td id="75C02981F243B4DAA36C6EA0083F4D2C" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D6B9C30715EAB58B0A66F67E3F61DB16" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="89D1D899BDC0739728AFDD913AFCCB3A" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Origin of dorsal blood vessel</td>
|
||
<td id="1DE4F64F07DA5EE7BE8C5C09E83E67A8" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">XII-XIII</td>
|
||
<td id="2689FA13C63FC9F7742E12C078B7B1E9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">XII</td>
|
||
<td id="9CC6B683EE3583710826A6A37991AC53" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">XI-XIII</td>
|
||
<td id="1181472EB18F536F441E5607513CD77B" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">X</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AAC13739CB038D61D0D5C8E3CCA334CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="24A9DB6EC67E2799425D9CE7A4EB5F43" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Preclitellar nephridia</td>
|
||
<td id="4F3B80A04E850975F5A66E7C26A98B53" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">at 6/7 and 8/9</td>
|
||
<td id="C1DF4F84C78D813698405FAB63A97EE4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">behind 6/7</td>
|
||
<td id="BDAE06E1C2651274736B5DDD9834D27E" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">at 6/7 and 8/9</td>
|
||
<td id="7780ED2D0E9C0E36D368A78CACD40C94" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="42BD9A8475EAA5B3240952CFFDA867F5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="55F87C1169A468B19B92D5D0D031565F" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Coelomocyte length</td>
|
||
<td id="224431CE2B2960918CCBD21F20AB1037" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
15-18
|
||
<normalizedToken id="765627AC386138F0B96BA3F0AFE2C266" originalValue="µm" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E6690B26053326FE3DB476397A952B59" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
max. 30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="31DFFE2A4B0A806AEE61DCB60354B824" originalValue="µm" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9FB2A877775032FC41D134CE17E772CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
max. 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8A9D884C02008DCB1D764E61FB3652AF" originalValue="µm" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">ym</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="96122390B5290D20208B1D741CB8C01A" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44F2FA492E8219F2450E75C6C6665BF9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="EB015B8723FCEE13EFF911486A2B5CAF" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vas deferens</td>
|
||
<td id="322C7DAE345B0DF4C9C6627577E61114" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">short, straight</td>
|
||
<td id="AC877B1E4CD00917F832F392E4DF5A94" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">with coils</td>
|
||
<td id="2C151447EC9A7220924453D4CDCF2F73" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">with loops or coils</td>
|
||
<td id="D953581ECFA73F88679FD365DC617634" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">short, straight</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="418593F6C93E05FD740A8F4B593ECB29" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="D5CB2BBFD7ABBD5B984D8E41139D011F" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Glands around male pore</td>
|
||
<td id="93F63BA1B9ED01507145EF5E874D6E33" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">2, anteriorly and posteriorly of pore</td>
|
||
<td id="D22124099069FEA466406BB6EA5255CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1, enclosing pore ("penial bulb")</td>
|
||
<td id="6612610B51A27E1D47A2ABD10AFD00B0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1, enclosing pore ("penial bulb")</td>
|
||
<td id="A15E4E341BF8BE1616C3320727865453" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1, enclosing pore ("penial bulb")</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DB4AB7B8AD630BA8D01EDACB2830FA2B" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="817C5A0B8A364C8650BA33C9E4F16841" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Extension of spermathecae</td>
|
||
<td id="E864B0D49BEDEA75AFDC2AF95F965BD9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">into VII-VIII</td>
|
||
<td id="5473B64F50F1D16BA5F8D6881B769746" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">into VII</td>
|
||
<td id="F50F740D866E7150D9EF56AEFB9FF3DA" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">into VII-VIII</td>
|
||
<td id="CA4E8617C520F4632D8A126550911903" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">into IX-X</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AE74F17C9A301B486237D005FE706981" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<td id="FC39EF36150D6FB3AF116ABEE4CAF7CA" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Spermathecal ectal pores</td>
|
||
<td id="8ACB8C82B34EBEB821282603F0D3928E" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">lateral, no glands</td>
|
||
<td id="F899419543920BC8DF0DDFCB832A3A5D" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">ventral, no gland</td>
|
||
<td id="7DE6DFB088686D43A8A4A2BD12289175" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">s lateral (?), ectal duct thickened around pore</td>
|
||
<td id="C01777A0A43F83BC2C34594131A716B2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">lateral, with ring of glands</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5ECC19A097507CD809C8A27269593CA1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="33B88F9D5895D2D59DC209F5829AADB7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" start="start">Another</pageBreakToken>
|
||
peculiarity in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E4372DF52C039B5EBC123B536CC4EB0" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="2508" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the thickening of almost all septa, the postclitellar ones included. This trait is described only for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73EB3E174E356B0B42C84C806732D00F" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iridescens">A. iridescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species originally described from the state of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE693CCD110BC16A739F108B4754DFBD" originalValue="São" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, Brazil. However, most species descriptions do not deal with this trait, so it may be more common in the genus than it presently seems. Apart from the characters already mentioned,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="309D79393E10D483B28578DA22E34BD9" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iridescens">A. iridescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
further agrees with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB3E097B3BCE86D87D21C08CA823A79B" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="2742" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the position of the preclitellar nephridia (at 6/7, 8/9). The position of the spermathecal ectal pores is uncertain: they are described as being
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A4B5D362C9B361B1DB23306DFD8436E" originalValue="lateral—this" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">lateral-this</normalizedToken>
|
||
would be a further character in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54406C9440A4FF33A48D34093BBB891C" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="2877" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
-but in a figure (Christoffersen 1979, Fig. 11) the position is ventral.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2413E9A7EB0346E170D6B2AA64690D28" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iridescens">A. iridescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66F2D538C2D5F808A182882BAFE3E64E" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="2955" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the presence of intestinal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86C617ED1959289E079983B969881C1D" originalValue="diverticula—a" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">diverticula-a</normalizedToken>
|
||
trait so far unique in the genus, but in need of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A7800E28E0B163C72C4241354973DC2" originalValue="reinvestigation—in" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">reinvestigation-in</normalizedToken>
|
||
body size (body length 13.5-14.5 mm), segment number (55-60), vasa deferentia (long and coiled), larger coelomocytes (up to 40 um) and in the presence of a well-developed glandular bulb around the male pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F4FDCA9629CBAB537114400F123671E8" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C22874ACA03FE0BDB151F0353FA90CC" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="1554" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="neotropica">A. neotropica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from northern Argentina, agrees with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="902415BCE4D279BCC524C21703F61967" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="3204" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general size and segment number (body 3-4 mm long, 20-34 segments)-apart from the characters already mentioned above. It differs from the new species in the following traits: ventral nerve cord ganglion in V larger than in following segments; first preclitellar nephridia at 7/8 ("
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D01FF46EF3EA412AF035F78CB4912C5" originalValue="Néphridies" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Nephridies</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE966068EE64AED40ABC506CA0392A7C" originalValue="dépuis" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">depuis</normalizedToken>
|
||
le
|
||
<normalizedToken id="607A3CABFCB3474A73BCF35244CAA14B" originalValue="dissépiment" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">dissepiment</normalizedToken>
|
||
VI-VII" (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C2A4DEF5CC2754532F39427BDED9D6D4" originalValue="Černosvitov" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cernosvitov</normalizedToken>
|
||
1937: 136)), coelomocytes 30 mm long; vas deferens with coils of canal, ca.
|
||
<date id="8E7E4F27E3C1955AEAFA8B9452950111">4x</date>
|
||
as long as sperm funnel; male pore surrounded by a conspicuous glandular bulb; spermathecal ectal pores in ventral position. The detailed redescriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BD327326E85940DCEDD20F212C28587" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="1164" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="neotropica">A. neotropica</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Righi (1974) and Christoffersen (1979), based on material collected in the state of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="32B1E670ECA24A340EAF9E224983FFA4" originalValue="Sâo" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, Brasil, differ in two important details from the original account: preclitellar nephridia are located at 6/7 and 8/9, and the spermathecal ectal pores are in lateral position. Both traits are the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26CCAA5575AD70174747B15F0B66FE6C" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="3759" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The identity of these specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A23E98FD2F7317360D402E57982FD46D" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="933" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="neotropica">A. neotropica</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be confirmed here. Christoffersen's material is heterogeneous and probably comprises several species. Both original and subsequently collected material should be reinvestigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D2C3E38F0B5EF88D6F1F36525CB13FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
A further peculiarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BFC6B356E7A225CC16B92C76E8CFABF" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="3860" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the segmental number and arrangement of epidermal gland cells. Our illustration (Fig. 1G) follows the scheme introduced by Graefe (1989). The distribution of cells is neither entirely fixed nor completely irregular. There is one transverse row of cells in the anterior half of a segment, contrasted by 2-3 rows in the posterior half. Anterior row and posterior rows are separated by wide interspaces devoid of gland cells. A segmentally repetitive epidermal agglomeration of cell nuclei (Fig. 1G, arrow) is always lined by two cells, one dorsally, one ventrally. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11558985A564F2E7CDB8F7BB77DA3380" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="486" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="neotropica">A. neotropica</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 1-3 rows of gland cells per segment; according to Figure 22 in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0CE1028B8810D5712F60C87ABA77BEF7" originalValue="Černosvitov" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cernosvitov</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1937), they are located in the middle of a segment, and the cells are larger and more elongate than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FD59C4F3B71EE2585328620153F14DD" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.bestMatchDistance="4021" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="becki">A. becki</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Epidermal gland cells in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4039ECAE6A3828891550AB71336CCE08" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iridescens">A. iridescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
are "absent or little developed" (Christoffersen 1979: 156). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33F943F87837589965804B824F6168C4" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maorica">A. maorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this character is not described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |