289 lines
40 KiB
XML
289 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="C9354DF97EEC6A5CF7D7478E53C8B268" ID-CLB-Dataset="55595" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab118" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e285e5e2-a1c5-4a7e-ae03-01a19f9867c2" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6536781" ID-ZooBank="DACBA4A5-8D5F-479B-AFA5-E38B380F8962" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1652084918445" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Laboury, Antoine, Bennion, Rebecca F., Thuy, Ben, Weis, Robert & Fischer, Valentin" docDate="2022" docId="2663F827FFDFAC54121EF54EFDEFFB33" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab118.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Temnodontosaurus cf. zetlandicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="184" masterDocId="DA5A805FFFD6AC581164F30AFFBFFFA8" masterDocTitle="Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="172" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1731589745639" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="3663449BAE7601B47DEA42CC5498089A">Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="03378BA7F42F56B0085AC2A1DCB6BBFF">Laboury, Antoine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4083EB0A91E88A6D89418B0964AE2967">Bennion, Rebecca F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BE30BDCE3EB1DFE83B6AFA6C0853A2D">Thuy, Ben</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD163A80314EC6FA5AA78D2DAEF311E1">Weis, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0C00736698C52ABC5C599A29E14BA14">Fischer, Valentin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5C283BBB130D66315F5FD98EB11C7B1F">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7C7CEBDAF8236ABB6728DAD605FBC26D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AA00A5DCEAC39BB6CB447A3C870761EF">2022-02-18</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2663F827FFDFAC54121EF54EFDEFFB33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536789" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195298216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6536789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2663F827FFDFAC54121EF54EFDEFFB33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2663F827FFDFAC54121EF54EFDEFFB33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">
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<subSubSection id="E6D01ABAFFDFAC51121EF54EFAAEF977" pageId="9" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDFAC51121EF54EFA80F9F3" blockId="9.[890,1343,1603,1628]" box="[890,1343,1603,1628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">
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<heading id="F53DFE5DFFDFAC51121EF54EFA80F9F3" box="[890,1343,1603,1628]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="181" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDFAC51121EF54EFA80F9F3" authority="(Seeley, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Seeley" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[890,1343,1603,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. zetlandicus">
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDFAC51121EF54EFBCBF9F3" box="[890,1140,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">TEMNODONTOSAURUS</emphasis>
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CF.
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDFAC5115C0F54DFA80F9F3" box="[1188,1343,1607,1627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">ZETLANDICUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDFAC51124DF586FAAEF977" blockId="9.[809,1425,1676,1759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDFAC51124DF586FBB6F909" box="[809,1033,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">Referred specimen:</emphasis>
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MNHNL TU885, a partial skull from the Schistes Carton Formation, Lower Toarcian, Schouweiler,
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<collectingCountry id="D6DD09A1FFDFAC5112DAF5C3FAB2F977" box="[958,1293,1737,1759]" name="Luxembourg" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6D01ABAFFDFAC54124DF5F7FDEFFB33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="9" pageNumber="181" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDFAC52124DF5F7FD61FD0F" blockId="9.[809,1424,1789,1872]" lastBlockId="10.[163,780,197,771]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDFAC51124DF5F7FAF3F8BA" box="[809,1356,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="181">Comparative description of MNHNL TU885:</emphasis>
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The specimen MNHNL TU885 is, as preserved,
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<quantity id="6932E4D4FFDFAC511455F416FA2FF899" box="[1329,1424,1820,1841]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="9" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="383.0">383 mm</quantity>
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long and consists of a cranium lacking the snout and a fragmentary surangular (
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC52137FF3CFFDDBFF73" box="[539,612,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1446,867,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-381@10.[163,1449,864,1806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf. zetlandicus A, B, in right lateral view. C, D, in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536803/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC521316F3CFFD3FFF73" box="[626,640,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,223,1284,1306]" captionTargetBox="[148,1429,198,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-281@11.[145,1432,195,1244]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf.zetlandicus A, B, palate in ventral view. C, D, Basicranium in posterior view. Abbreviation: ECA, extracondylar area of the basioccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">6</figureCitation>
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). Due to its preservation state, the orbits and temporal fenestrae are not fully delimited and the right vomer and the left palatine have been slightly displaced (
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC52133EF22BFD75FE9F" box="[602,714,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,223,1284,1306]" captionTargetBox="[148,1429,198,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-281@11.[145,1432,195,1244]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf.zetlandicus A, B, palate in ventral view. C, D, Basicranium in posterior view. Abbreviation: ECA, extracondylar area of the basioccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
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). The sutures between the nasals, frontals, right prefrontal and postfrontals are often difficult to discern (
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC5213BAF254FF59FE3B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1446,867,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-381@10.[163,1449,864,1806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf. zetlandicus A, B, in right lateral view. C, D, in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536803/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
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). The parietal foramen is entirely preserved and appears unusually large, with a markedly raised rim; it is presently unclear whether this condition is pathological or not, as the parietal foramen is not located on the cranial midline. The postorbital region is only preserved on the left side and is anteroposteriorly long (
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC521187F13FFEEAFDE3" box="[227,341,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1446,867,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-381@10.[163,1449,864,1806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf. zetlandicus A, B, in right lateral view. C, D, in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536803/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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), measuring
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<quantity id="6932E4D4FFDCAC521088F13FFD81FDE3" box="[492,574,565,587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
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. The basicranium is completely preserved (
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC5210A1F15EFD86FDC1" box="[453,569,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,223,1284,1306]" captionTargetBox="[148,1429,198,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-281@11.[145,1432,195,1244]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf.zetlandicus A, B, palate in ventral view. C, D, Basicranium in posterior view. Abbreviation: ECA, extracondylar area of the basioccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
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), only lacking the left opisthotic. Hereafter, we compare salient features of MNHNL TU885 with early neoichthyosaurians.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDCAC5311DFF1BAFEF3F95F" blockId="10.[163,780,197,771]" lastBlockId="11.[145,761,1425,1876]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">
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This specimen shares many features with early neoichthyosaurians such as a frontal without a temporal process, a supraoccipital with a shallow ventral notch, a robust stapes with a prominent proximal head, a stout opisthotic with a short paroccipital process, a basioccipital with a well-demarcated extracondylar area, which is ventrally saddle-shaped and marked by the presence of a basal tubera, and a paired carotid foramen as suggested by the morphology of the parasphenoid, even if the posterior part mostly seems to be broken (
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC521557F296FB4FFE19" author="McGowan C" box="[1075,1264,412,433]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 109" refId="ref14201" refString="McGowan C. 1973. The cranial morphology of the Lower Liassic latipinnate ichthyosaurs of England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 24: 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1973">McGowan, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC52159BF296FCCCFE67" author="Fischer V & Masure E & Arkhangelsky MSMS & Godefroit P" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="1010 - 1025" refId="ref12482" refString="Fischer V, Masure E, Arkhangelsky MSMS, Godefroit P. 2011. A new Barremian (Early Cretaceous) ichthyosaur from western Russia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 1010 - 1025." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Fischer
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC521404F296FA23FE19" box="[1376,1436,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC5212E4F2B0FBE6FE67" author="Martin JE & Fischer V & Vincent P & Suan G" box="[896,1113,442,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="995 - 1005" refId="ref13769" refString="Martin JE, Fischer V, Vincent P, Suan G. 2012. A longirostrine Temnodontosaurus (Ichthyosauria) with comments on Early Jurassic ichthyosaur niche partitioning and disparity. Palaeontology 55: 995 - 1005." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Martin
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5212BEF2B1FBACFE67" box="[986,1043,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC521502F2B0FA85FE78" author="Marek RD & Moon BC & Williams M & Benton MJ" box="[1126,1338,442,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="723 - 742" refId="ref13734" refString="Marek RD, Moon BC, Williams M, Benton MJ. 2015. The skull and endocranium of a Lower Jurassic ichthyosaur based on digital reconstructions. Palaeontology 58: 723 - 742." type="journal article" year="2015">
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Marek
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5215DEF2B1FB4BFE67" box="[1210,1268,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC521423F2B1FC76FE47" author="Moon BC & Kirton AM" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref14562" refString="Moon BC, Kirton AM. 2016. Ichthyosaurs of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic Part 1, Ophthalmosaurus. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 170: 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="2016">Moon & Kirton, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC5212B1F2D3FB1BFE46" author="Lomax DR & Porro LB & Larkin NR" box="[981,1188,473,495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="6112" refId="ref13209" refString="Lomax DR, Porro LB, Larkin NR. 2019. Descriptive anatomy of the largest known specimen of Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) including computed tomography and digital reconstruction of a three-dimensional skull. PeerJ 7: e 6112." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Lomax
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC52154EF2D0FBDEFE46" box="[1066,1121,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC5215D5F2D3FCCBFDA5" author="Miedema F & Maxwell EE" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="1675164" refId="ref14442" refString="Miedema F, Maxwell EE. 2019. Ontogeny of the braincase in Stenopterygius (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39: e 1675164." type="journal article" year="2019">Miedema & Maxwell, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). In posterior view (
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<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDCAC521515F2F2FB54FDA5" box="[1137,1259,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,223,1284,1306]" captionTargetBox="[148,1429,198,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-281@11.[145,1432,195,1244]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885 Temnodontosaurus cf.zetlandicus A, B, palate in ventral view. C, D, Basicranium in posterior view. Abbreviation: ECA, extracondylar area of the basioccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
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), the quadrate is a robust and large element that has a straight occipital lamella unlike
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<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDCAC521531F13CFCC2FDC1" authority="(Martin et al., 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azerguensis">
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC521531F13CFB47FDE3" box="[1109,1272,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">T. azerguensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC52146DF13FFCCBFDC1" author="Martin JE & Fischer V & Vincent P & Suan G" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="995 - 1005" refId="ref13769" refString="Martin JE, Fischer V, Vincent P, Suan G. 2012. A longirostrine Temnodontosaurus (Ichthyosauria) with comments on Early Jurassic ichthyosaur niche partitioning and disparity. Palaeontology 55: 995 - 1005." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Martin
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC521407F13CFA22FDE2" box="[1379,1437,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDCAC5212DAF15EFA1DFDC1" authority="(Swaby & Lomax, 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Swaby & Lomax" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[958,1442,596,618]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassimanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5212DAF15EFBCAFDC1" box="[958,1141,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">T. crassimanus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC5215ECF15EFA26FDC1" author="Swaby EJ & Lomax DR" box="[1160,1433,596,618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="2715 - 2731" refId="ref15048" refString="Swaby EJ, Lomax DR. 2020. A revision of Temnodontosaurus crassimanus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Whitby, Yorkshire, UK. Historical Biology 33: 2715 - 2731." type="journal article" year="2020">Swaby & Lomax, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and with a massive and well-developed condyle as in species currently referred to as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDCAC5215A4F19BFA1CFD0E" baseAuthorityName="Swaby & Lomax" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1216,1443,657,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5215A4F19BFA1CFD0E" box="[1216,1443,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for which the quadrate is preserved, with the exception of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDCAC5212B9F1C5FA21FD4C" authority="(Martin et al., 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[989,1438,718,740]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azerguensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5212B9F1C5FB31FD4C" box="[989,1166,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">T. azerguensis</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDCAC5215C7F1C4FA2CFD4B" author="Martin JE & Fischer V & Vincent P & Suan G" box="[1187,1427,718,740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" pagination="995 - 1005" refId="ref13769" refString="Martin JE, Fischer V, Vincent P, Suan G. 2012. A longirostrine Temnodontosaurus (Ichthyosauria) with comments on Early Jurassic ichthyosaur niche partitioning and disparity. Palaeontology 55: 995 - 1005." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Martin
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC521461F1C5FAFAFD4B" box="[1285,1349,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
, 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The postorbital region is well developed with a long, extensive quadratojugal, as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC531376F69BFF00FA6D" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC531376F69BFD47FA0E" box="[530,760,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
spp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5311ABF6BAFE38FA6D" author="McGowan C" box="[207,391,1456,1477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14234" refString="McGowan C. 1974. A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with description of the new species (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria). Life Science Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 97: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1974">McGowan, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5310F1F6BAFE72FA6D" author="McGowan C" box="[405,461,1456,1477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="472 - 479" refId="ref14301" refString="McGowan C. 1994. Temnodontosaurus risor is a juvenile of T. platyodon (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 472 - 479." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5310BEF6A5FF77FA4B" author="Maisch MW & Hungerbuhler A" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="335 - 345" refId="ref13598" refString="Maisch MW, Hungerbuhler A. 2001. New evidence for a discrete supratemporal bone in the Jurassic Ichthyosaur Temnodontosaurus. Historical Biology 15: 335 - 345." type="journal article" year="2001">Maisch & Hungerbühler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5311B0F6C4FE6FFA4B" author="Swaby EJ & Lomax DR" box="[212,464,1486,1508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="2715 - 2731" refId="ref15048" refString="Swaby EJ, Lomax DR. 2020. A revision of Temnodontosaurus crassimanus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Whitby, Yorkshire, UK. Historical Biology 33: 2715 - 2731." type="journal article" year="2020">Swaby & Lomax, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) but unlike in other Early Jurassic parvipelvians (Maisch, 2001, 2008;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5313C0F6E7FEF8F989" author="Maisch MW & Matzke AT" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="116 - 127" refId="ref13701" refString="Maisch MW, Matzke AT. 2003. The cranial osteology of the ichthyosaur Leptonectes tenuirostris from the Lower Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 116 - 127." type="journal article" year="2003">Maisch & Matzke, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC531031F506FDD2F989" author="Massare JA & Lomax DR" box="[341,621,1547,1569]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="5" refId="ref13889" refString="Massare JA, Lomax DR. 2016. A new specimen of Ichthyosaurus conybeari (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from Watchet, Somerset, England, U. K., and a re-examination of the species. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36: 5." type="journal article" year="2016">Lomax & Massare, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC53131FF501FEA1F997" author="Maxwell EE & Cortes D" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="31" refId="ref14039" refString="Maxwell EE, Cortes D. 2020. A revision of the Early Jurassic ichthyosaur Hauffiopteryx (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria), and description of a new species from southwestern Germany. Palaeontologia Electronica 23: a 31." type="journal article" year="2020">Maxwell & Cortés, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The contribution of the supraoccipital to the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum is limited and nearly absent, as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC5310D7F56DFF6BF933" authority="(Maisch, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC5310D7F56DFD30F9D4" box="[435,655,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5313FBF56DFF75F933" author="Maisch MW" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="115 - 122" refId="ref13442" refString="Maisch MW. 2002. A braincase of Temnodontosaurus cf. trigonodon (von Theodori, 1843) (Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. Geologica et Palaeontologica 36: 115 - 122." type="journal article" year="2002">Maisch, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The frontal has a reduced, lanceolate dorsal exposure and forms the anterior margin of the parietal foramen, as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC531033F5CEFDB7F970" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[343,520,1731,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC531033F5CEFDB7F970" box="[343,520,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC53132AF5CEFEF9F95F" authority="(Maisch, 1998 b)" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonodon">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC53132AF5CEFD47F970" box="[590,760,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T. trigonodon</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC5311FDF5E8FE82F950" author="Maisch MW" box="[153,317,1762,1784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="401 - 431" refId="ref13373" refString="Maisch MW. 1998 b. Short review of the ichthyosaurs of the Posidonienschiefer with remarks on the taxonomy of the Stenopterygiidae and Temnodontosauridae. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 209: 401 - 431." type="journal article" year="1998">Maisch, 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="FAB519B9FFDCAC5211C0F43CFE48F8C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6536803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536803/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" startId="10.[164,242,1846,1868]" targetBox="[166,1446,867,1803]" targetPageId="10">
|
|
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDCAC5211C0F43CFE48F8C1" blockId="10.[163,1443,1846,1897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5211C0F43CFEB3F8E3" bold="true" box="[164,268,1846,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDCAC5212D3F43CFAA9F8E4" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[951,1302,1846,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5212D3F43CFBC2F8E4" box="[951,1149,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDCAC5215C4F43CFAA9F8E4" box="[1184,1302,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="182">zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
A, B, in right lateral view. C, D, in dorsal view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="FAB519B9FFDDAC5311F5F60EFABFFA9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6536807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536807/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" startId="11.[145,223,1284,1306]" targetBox="[148,1429,198,1241]" targetPageId="11">
|
|
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDDAC5311F5F60EFABFFA9F" blockId="11.[145,1425,1284,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC5311F5F60EFF47FAB1" bold="true" box="[145,248,1284,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Photograph and interpretation of the specimen MNHNL TU885
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC5312F9F60EFB45FAB2" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[925,1274,1284,1306]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC5312F9F60EFBDCFAB2" box="[925,1123,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC5315E0F60EFB45FAB2" box="[1156,1274,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
A, B, palate in ventral view. C, D, Basicranium in posterior view. Abbreviation: ECA, extracondylar area of the basioccipital.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDDAC5311CDF40BFC53F8FB" blockId="11.[145,761,1425,1876]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1425,1425,1876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">
|
|
For all of these reasons, MNHNL TU885 is clearly assignable to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC53105FF415FDA0F89C" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[315,543,1823,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC53105FF415FDA0F89C" box="[315,543,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The skull roof of MNHNL TU885 shares many similarities with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC531223F69BFC54FA0E" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[839,1003,1425,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC531223F69BFC54FA0E" box="[839,1003,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDDAC531299F69BFBFFFA0E" box="[1021,1088,1425,1447]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,241,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[166,1446,198,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-457@12.[163,1449,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Braincase comparison of the holotype of Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus comb. nov. (CAMSM J35176) (A) and the referred specimen of Temnodontosaurus cf. zetlandicus (MNHNL TU885) (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536812/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
|
), such as: (1) the bifurcated posterior processes of the nasal which partially covers the postfrontal which anteriorly appears in the medial and anterolateral processes; (2) the presence of a prominent mediolaterally oriented ridge on the postfrontal which forms the anterior margin of the supratemporal fenestra; and (3) a lanceolate frontal posteriorly covered by a slender forked process of the parietal. The skull roof of MNHNL TU885 also resembles that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC531295F5AFFB39F912" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1009,1158,1701,1722]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonodon">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC531295F5AFFB39F912" box="[1009,1158,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T. trigonodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the presence of the bifurcated posterior processes of the nasal markedly differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC5312D8F5E9FAA1F95F" authority="(Maisch, 1998 b)" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[956,1310,1762,1784]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonodon">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC5312D8F5E9FBE7F95F" box="[956,1112,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T. trigonodon</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDDAC53150EF5E8FAACF950" author="Maisch MW" box="[1130,1299,1762,1784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" pagination="401 - 431" refId="ref13373" refString="Maisch MW. 1998 b. Short review of the ichthyosaurs of the Posidonienschiefer with remarks on the taxonomy of the Stenopterygiidae and Temnodontosauridae. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 209: 401 - 431." type="journal article" year="1998">Maisch, 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. MNHNL TU885 is also similar in size and in cranial proportions to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC531221F42AFC5FF89C" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[837,992,1823,1845]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC531221F42AFC5FF89C" box="[837,992,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
|
|
<tableCitation id="E3487C8AFFDDAC531573F415FBD6F89C" box="[1047,1129,1823,1845]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[143,207,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (anteroposterior length," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" tableUuid="FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
) and is here referred to as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDDAC53124DF435FC5AF8FB" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[809,997,1854,1876]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC53124DF435FC80F8FC" box="[809,831,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">T.</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDDAC531200F434FC5AF8FB" box="[868,997,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="183">zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="FAB519B9FFDAAC5411C7F716FC76FBE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6536812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536812/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" startId="12.[163,241,1052,1074]" targetBox="[166,1446,198,1009]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDAAC5411C7F716FC76FBE7" blockId="12.[163,1443,1052,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5411C7F716FEB4FB99" bold="true" box="[163,267,1052,1074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Braincase comparison of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC5413DCF716FC44FB9A" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[696,1019,1052,1074]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5413DCF716FC44FB9A" box="[696,1019,1052,1074]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="878D2858FFDAAC541564F716FBD5FB9A" box="[1024,1130,1052,1074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(CAMSM
|
|
<accessionNumber id="B199D4D2FFDAAC5415B2F716FA9EFB9A" box="[1238,1313,1052,1074]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J35176" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" type="EnaNcbi">J35176</accessionNumber>
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) (A) and the referred specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC54101BF733FD61FBE7" authorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury & Bennion & Thuy & Weis & Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[383,734,1081,1103]" class="Reptilia" family="Temnodontosauridae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54101BF733FDFAFBE7" box="[383,581,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54130CF733FD61FBE7" box="[616,734,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">zetlandicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MNHNL TU885) (B).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDAAC541039F789FDEFFB33" blockId="12.[349,592,1155,1180]" box="[349,592,1155,1180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">SPECIES INQUIRENDA</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |