215 lines
20 KiB
XML
215 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989" ID-PMC="PMC5904327" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-734-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216" ID-PubMed="29674855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1222331" ID-ZooBank="7C3C687B64BB42A5B9E4EC588BCD52D5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-734-43" checkinTime="1517868722990" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Assmann, Thorsten, Boutaud, Esteve, Buse, Joern, Gebert, Joerg, Drees, Claudia, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid, Khoury, Fares, Marcus, Tamar, Orbach, Eylon, Ittai Renan,, Schmidt, Constantin & Zumstein, Pascale" docDate="2018" docId="13B21EFD2885AA5F7F0FC7EE1BD9A92D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 734: 43-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 734" docPubDate="2018-02-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989" docTitle="Grammognatha euphratica" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216" masterDocTitle="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668165402329" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Assmann, Thorsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-769X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">assmann@uni.leuphana.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boutaud, Esteve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buse, Joern</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecosystem Monitoring, Research and Wildlife Conservation (SB 23 Invertebrates and Biodiversity), Black Forest National Park, Kniebisstrasse 67, D- 72250 Freudenstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gebert, Joerg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 73, D- 01109 Dresden. Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Drees, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL- 69978, Israel & Biocentre Grindel, Universitaet Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL- 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Khoury, Fares</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, P. O. Box 2882, Amman, JO- 11821, Jordan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marcus, Tamar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Orbach, Eylon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Remez St. 49, IL- 36044 Qiryat Tiv'on, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ittai Renan,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL- 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Constantin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-4255</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Deichstr. 13, D- 21354 Bleckede, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zumstein, Pascale</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-02-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>734</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>103</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-734-43</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7C3C687B64BB42A5B9E4EC588BCD52D5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1222331</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="141125731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:13B21EFD2885AA5F7F0FC7EE1BD9A92D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/13B21EFD2885AA5F7F0FC7EE1BD9A92D" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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1.
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<taxonomicName LSID="13B21EFD-2885-AA5F-7F0F-C7EE1BD9A92D" authority="(Dejean, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Grammognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grammognatha euphratica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphratica">Grammognatha euphratica (Dejean, 1822)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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In salty habitats, on the Mediterranean coast in marshlands (often with
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<taxonomicName genus="Anthrocnemum" lsidName="Anthrocnemum" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Anthrocnemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Around the Dead Sea and in the Arava Valley in salty wetlands and in date palm plantations (own observations). Nocturnal. Attracted by light.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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Teneral individuals in early spring (Cyprus: February), adults are active until approximately November (own observations). The number of eggs laid per females in a laboratory experiment ranges from 3 to 25 (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.482" author="Aydin, G" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Biotechnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="82" pagination="8529 - 8532" refId="B16" refString="Aydin, G, 2011a. Some morphological and biological features of Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica euphratica Latreille and Dejean, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 8529 - 8532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.482" title="Some morphological and biological features of Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica euphratica Latreille and Dejean, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.482" volume="10" year="2011 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aydın">Aydin</normalizedToken>
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2011a
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</bibRefCitation>
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), which is relatively low for an insect.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Distribution range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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From southern Spain, Morocco and Sardinia to Central Asia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cassola, F" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Entomologica" pageId="39" pageNumber="82" pagination="25 - 30" refId="B28" refString="Cassola, F, 1981. Studie sui Cicindelidi XXXVII: Una notevole aggiunta alla fauna di Creta: Megacephala euphratica Dejean (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Fragmenta Entomologica 16: 25 - 30" title="Studie sui Cicindelidi XXXVII: Una notevole aggiunta alla fauna di Creta: Megacephala euphratica Dejean (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)." volume="16" year="1981">Cassola 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Cassola, F" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="7 - 9" refId="B32" refString="Cassola, F, Richoux, P, Bonneau, P, 2014. Grammognatha euphratica euphratica (Dejean, 1822) nell'isola di S. Antioco (Sardegna), nuova vistosa specie che si aggiunge alla fauna d'Italia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 146: 7 - 9" title="Grammognatha euphratica euphratica (Dejean, 1822) nell'isola di S. Antioco (Sardegna), nuova vistosa specie che si aggiunge alla fauna d'Italia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." volume="146" year="2014">Cassola et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2001.10637852" author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="87 - 93" refId="B45" refString="Franzen, M, 2001b. Distribution of the tiger beetle Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica in Egypt, the Middle East and Central Asia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zoology in the Middle East 22: 87 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2001.10637852" title="Distribution of the tiger beetle Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica in Egypt, the Middle East and Central Asia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2001.10637852" volume="22" year="2001 b">Franzen 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2003.10637963" author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="41" pageNumber="84" pagination="127 - 128" refId="B49" refString="Franzen, M, Gigli, M, 2003. Rediscovery of the tiger beetle Megacephala euphratica on Cyprus (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zoology in the Middle East 28: 127 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2003.10637963" title="Rediscovery of the tiger beetle Megacephala euphratica on Cyprus (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2003.10637963" volume="28" year="2003">Franzen and Gigli 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Putchkov, AV" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="44" pageNumber="87" pagination="99 - 118" refId="B94" refString="Putchkov, AV, Matalin, AV, 2003. Subfamily Cicindelinae. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 99 - 118" title="Subfamily Cicindelinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga." year="2003">Putchkov and Matalin 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Putchkov, AV" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="44" pageNumber="87" pagination="217 - 249" refId="B95" refString="Putchkov, AV, Matalin, AV, 2017. Subfamily Cicindelinae. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 217 - 249" title="Subfamily Cicindelinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga." year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Distribution in the southern Levant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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Mediterranean Sea coast of the Sinai Peninsula (eastwards to El-Arish) and close to Haifa (Atlit); Red Sea coast of the Sinai Peninsula (incl. near Eilat); in the Dead Sea area (especially in the swamps south of the Dead Sea) and in the Arava Valley (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2001.10637852" author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="87 - 93" refId="B45" refString="Franzen, M, 2001b. Distribution of the tiger beetle Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica in Egypt, the Middle East and Central Asia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zoology in the Middle East 22: 87 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2001.10637852" title="Distribution of the tiger beetle Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica in Egypt, the Middle East and Central Asia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2001.10637852" volume="22" year="2001 b">Franzen 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, Y" journalOrPublisher="YES Quarterly" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="7 - 15" refId="B87" refString="Nussbaum, Y, 1987. Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). YES Quarterly 4: 7 - 15" title="Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." volume="4" year="1987">Nussbaum 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Putchkov, AV" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="44" pageNumber="87" pagination="99 - 118" refId="B94" refString="Putchkov, AV, Matalin, AV, 2003. Subfamily Cicindelinae. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 99 - 118" title="Subfamily Cicindelinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga." year="2003">Putchkov and Matalin (2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation author="Putchkov, AV" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="44" pageNumber="87" pagination="217 - 249" refId="B95" refString="Putchkov, AV, Matalin, AV, 2017. Subfamily Cicindelinae. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 217 - 249" title="Subfamily Cicindelinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga." year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
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) list the species for Jordan.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" author="Nasir, WM" journalOrPublisher="Zoology and Ecology" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="269 - 291" refId="B85" refString="Nasir, WM, Katbeh-Bader, A, 2017. Annotated checklist of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Jordan. Zoology and Ecology 27: 269 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" title="Annotated checklist of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" volume="27" year="2017">Nasir and Katbeh-Bader (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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cited
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<bibRefCitation author="Putchkov, AV" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="44" pageNumber="87" pagination="99 - 118" refId="B94" refString="Putchkov, AV, Matalin, AV, 2003. Subfamily Cicindelinae. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 99 - 118" title="Subfamily Cicindelinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume 1 Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga." year="2003">Putchkov and Matalin (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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, but do not know a record from Jordan. We do not know of any verifiable record from this period. Our record for Jordan: "29.03.2016, Pot Ash City environs, Dead Sea (Tamarisk bushes), saltmarshes, close to the edge of the sink holes in mud clefts" (CGD).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="taxonomic notes">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Grammognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grammognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Grammognatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1850 is frequently ranked as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Megacephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1802, but see
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<bibRefCitation author="Gillett, MPT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blaetter und Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="84" refId="B55" refString="Gillett, MPT, 2009. New status for the tiger beetle Grammognatha euphratica (Latreille and Dejean, 1822), formerly included in the genus Megacephala Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae: sub-tribe Megacephalina). Tribulus 18: 65." title="New status for the tiger beetle Grammognatha euphratica (Latreille and Dejean, 1822), formerly included in the genus Megacephala Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae: sub-tribe Megacephalina). Tribulus 18: 65." year="2009">Gillett (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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. Darker colored morphs occur frequently in the Dead Sea region and resemble the eastern subspecies
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Laporte" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Grammognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grammognatha subsp. armenica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="euphratica" subSpecies="armenica">Grammognatha armenica</taxonomicName>
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(Laporte de Castelnau, 1834) which occurs westwards to Iran. The dark form also occurs on the Mediterranean Sea coast, though it is rare.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="conservation">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Conservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
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Endangered in Israel. The species is sensitive to disturbances (drainage of habitats, cattle grazing, etc.) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aydin, G" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Biotechnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="82" pagination="5692 - 5696" refId="B17" refString="Aydin, G, 2011b. Vulnerability of Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica euphratica Latreille and Dejean, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in natural and disturbed salt marsh and salt meadow habitats in Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 5692 - 5696" title="Vulnerability of Megacephala (Grammognatha) euphratica euphratica Latreille and Dejean, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in natural and disturbed salt marsh and salt meadow habitats in Turkey." volume="10" year="2011 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aydın">Aydin</normalizedToken>
|
||
2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The populations found along the Mediterranean coast of Israel are in decline, and there is only one known new record in the last two decades (Atlit, late May 2012, record in collection Aligi Bandinelli). Numerous habitats have been destroyed in the Dead Sea region, but the species can sometimes be found in date palm plantations.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |