202 lines
16 KiB
XML
202 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23831" ID-GBIF-Dataset="49c4aa61-7d5b-4af2-9a4e-90c3347a4bd1" ID-PMC="PMC5904524" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-32-65" ID-PubMed="29681738" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-4049-32-65" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 32" ModsDocTitle="A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification" checkinTime="1521626549072" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ge, Zai-Wei, Jacobs, Adriaana, Vellinga, Else C., Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Walt, Retha van der, Lavorato, Carmine, An, Yi-Feng & Yang, Zhu L." docDate="2018" docId="056D50F00772A5575F11DC1FF15E0BA6" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 32: 65-90" docOrigin="MycoKeys 32" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23831" docTitle="Chlorophyllum globosum Vellinga" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFBBD77C4607FFB6FFF7FF8DFFFC017A" masterDocTitle="A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1668135969713" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ge, Zai-Wei</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jacobs, Adriaana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vellinga, Else C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sysouphanthong, Phongeun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Walt, Retha van der</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lavorato, Carmine</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>An, Yi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Zhu L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>32</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>65</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23831</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23831</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-32-65</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="142462596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:056D50F00772A5575F11DC1FF15E0BA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/056D50F00772A5575F11DC1FF15E0BA6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="10" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Mossebo) Vellinga" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Chlorophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chlorophyllum globosum" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="globosum">Chlorophyllum globosum (Mossebo) Vellinga</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="75">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="75">
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CAMEROON.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
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, alt. 780 m, growing on humus in shade under tree, 1 November, 1996, D.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="10" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
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Mossebo, D.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="10" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
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Mossebo 98-1 kept in the Herbarium of University of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
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I (non vide).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="75">
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Basidiocarps medium to large-sized (Figure 3C). Pileus 5.0-20.0 cm broad, ovoid to subglobose when young, expanding to parabolic, convex to broadly convex with age; margin inflexed, with short, fine striations; surface covered with yellowish-white (3A2) to yellowish-grey (4A2), greyish-yellow (4B3-4B4), brownish-orange (6C6) to greyish-brown (5D3) squamules. The squamules remain intact at disc, but elsewhere diffract with expansion and recede from pileus margin, displaying the white to yellowish-white (2A2, 3A2, 4A2) felted or fibrillose background which turned pastel red to red (9A4-6) when touched. Lamellae free and remote from stipe with obvious gutter, white to orange-white (5A1-2) when young, turning pastel red to red (9A4-6) when touched, pastel green to greyish-green (29A4, 29B4) when fully mature, crowded, ventricose and narrow near pileal margin, crowded, up to 8 mm wide, with 1-2 series of lamellulae; edge finely fimbriate, white to yellowish-grey (4A2). Stipe 8.5-28.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0-3.1 cm, subcylindric, tapering to apex, with bulb-like, 3.0-3.4 cm wide; glabrous, white to brownish-orange (6C3-6), hollow, nearly stuffed, with an annulus about 1/3 away from the stipe apex (Figure 3C); sometimes with distant white fibrillose at apex zone, turning pastel red to red (9A4-6) when touched, with white rhizomorph connected to substrate. Context thick, white in pileus and stipe, brownish-orange (6C3-6) at apex zone, paler to middle zone and white downward base, discolouring pastel red to red (9A4-6) in both pileus and stipe context when bruised, with mushroom odour. Taste mild. Spore print yellowish-white (2A2) to pale yellow (2A3) to greyish-green (29D3-5, 29D5-6).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="76" start="start">Basidiospores</pageBreakToken>
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[40,2,2] (10.5)11.5-12.0 (12.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(8.0) 8.5-9.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(mean 11.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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), Q = 1.3-1.4 (1.5), Qav = 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.05, broadly amygdaliform in side view, ovoid in frontal view, with truncate apex, smooth, greenish-white (28A2), congophilous, dextrinoid, thick-walled (Figure 6A), becoming purplish-red (14A6-14A7) in cresyl blue. Basidia 29-38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12.0-14.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, clavate, hyaline, 4-spored, sometimes 2-spored, rarely 1-spored. Cheilocystidia 42-65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(15.0)18.0-29.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, clavate occasionally with slightly long stalk, hyaline, sometimes with greyish-yellow vacuolar pigments. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a hymenidermal layer made up of subcylindrical hyphae (5.0-11.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diam.), slightly thick walled, with dull yellow (3B3) vacuolar pigments; terminal elements with rounded or attenuate apex, mostly narrowly clavate. Clamp connections not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 6. Micro-morphological features of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. globosum" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="globosum">C. globosum</taxonomicName>
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(HKAS 52741). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(A, D); 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(B, C).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">Known from Cameroon, Nigeria and South Africa in Africa and from China, India and Thailand in Asia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="76" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">Saprotrophic, solitary to scattered, terrestrial.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">
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CHINA. Yunnan Province: between Yuanmou and Yongren, 28 June 2006, Z.W. Ge 2006-1 (HKAS 52741). SOUTH AFRICA. 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163 MS, −
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-22.271166">22°16.27'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="29.817">29°49.02'E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. ca. 580 m, 12 March 2014, Van Der Walt, R 957 (PREM 62147), growing in sandy soil under Sickle bush (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dichrostachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dichrostachys cinerea" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">Dichrostachys cinerea</taxonomicName>
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) and Umbrella thorn trees (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vachellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vachellia tortilis" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tortilis">Vachellia tortilis</taxonomicName>
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, formerly
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia tortilis" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tortilis">Acacia tortilis</taxonomicName>
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); 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163 MS, alt. 584m, growing in sandy soil under Sickle bush and Umbrella thorn trees, 7 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 869 (PREM 62148); same locality, 9 March 2014, Van Der Walt, R 936 (PREM 62149); 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Matolege 133 MS, alt. ca. 580m, shady area under blue thorn (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Senegalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senegalia erubescens" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens">Senegalia erubescens</taxonomicName>
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, formerly
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia erubescens" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens">Acacia erubescens</taxonomicName>
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), compost-rich, adjacent to lawn in hunting camp, 12 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 892 (PREM 62150); 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Wimpsh 139 MS, alt. ca. 604 m, loam soil, amongst grass - adjacent to seasonally waterlogged pan, 12 January 2014, Van Der Walt, R 821 (PREM 62151); same locality, 14 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 900 (PREM 62152). THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province: Mae Taeng District, Pongduad Village,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="16.1">16°06'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="99.71667">99°43'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 780-810 m, 16 June 2010, P. Sysouphanthong, P37 (MFLU100555); Chiang Rai Province: Muang District, Ratjabhat University campus, 30 August 2012, P. Sysouphanthong, 2012-21 (MFLU121815).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Chlorophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chlorophyllum globosum" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="globosum">Chlorophyllum globosum</taxonomicName>
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was originally described from Cameroon in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Macrolepiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Macrolepiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Macrolepiota</taxonomicName>
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. It was said to differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Macrolepiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Macrolepiota odorata" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="odorata">Macrolepiota odorata</taxonomicName>
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"by the globose pileus and the ochraceous spore print" (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mossebo, DC" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="16" pageNumber="81" pagination="267 - 278" title="Macrolepiotaglobosa et Nothopanusnsimalenensis, deux nouvelles especes fongiques du Cameroun." volume="76" year="2000">Mossebo et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). In fact, the pileus does not stay globose during maturation but becomes broadly convex (Figure 3C). Based on the morphological characters such as the truncate basidiospores and its phylogenetic position,
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<bibRefCitation author="Vellinga, EC" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="16" pageNumber="81" pagination="415 - 417" title="New combinations in Chlorophyllum." volume="83" year="2002">Vellinga (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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transferred it to
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Chlorophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chlorophyllum" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Chlorophyllum</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<normalizedToken originalValue="authors’">authors'</normalizedToken>
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molecular phylogeny confirms that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. globosum" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="globosum">C. globosum</taxonomicName>
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nests in
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Chlorophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chlorophyllum" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Chlorophyllum</taxonomicName>
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close to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. molybdites" pageId="11" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="molybdites">C. molybdites</taxonomicName>
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, but it differs from the latter in having a pale yellow spore print and clavate cheilocystidia. This species was first described from Africa, but its presence in several Asian countries is confirmed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |