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<document id="58E3B1F9CE1C8F65D4C882C63665348E" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano &amp; Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFFBDFFF49CD60823D405FCC2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri Heller 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DAD244E544286D2B30D49B145D7C6902">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49FF27033FD0ADB5BFC1E32CAC98D85D">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1327437CF2CF8CAA80D1B7DAF815515E">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C30E7F1AB10024B505B75817B59A6A2">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37768CB1E0A2E5461A73AC08DCA5879B">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DB9B95E1AAE053289776BA127AD901D">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="782783C78AE18400A016D642C451902B">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFBDFFF49CD60823D405FCC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFBDFFF49CD60823D405FCC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFBDFFF49CD60823D405FCC2" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBDFFF29CD60823D5CCF83C" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBDFFF29CD60823D5AAF852" blockId="75.[151,659,1898,1957]" box="[151,659,1898,1924]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="D0A681A4FFBDFFF29CD60823D5AAF852" bold="true" box="[151,659,1898,1924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBDFFF29CD60823D5AAF852" ID-CoL="663G8" authority="Heller, 1868" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,659,1898,1924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kirchenpaueri">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBDFFF29CD60823D5AAF852" bold="true" box="[151,659,1898,1924]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBDFFF29CD60823D6DDF852" bold="true" box="[151,484,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBDFFF29DB30823D5B3F852" author="Heller" box="[498,650,1898,1924]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Heller, C. (1868) Die zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 18, 1 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11393" type="journal article" year="1868">Heller, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBDFFF29CD608C5D624F873" blockId="75.[151,659,1898,1957]" box="[151,285,1932,1957]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFBDFFF29CD608C5D7DFF873" box="[151,230,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1122,1144]" captionTargetBox="[464,1121,199,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[459,1128,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 52. Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri: A, general view of a colony; B, basal part of caulus; C, hydrothecae and associated nematothecae (B, C same scale bar); D, corbula (drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242781/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
A–D
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBDFFF29CD6089DD5CCF83C" blockId="75.[151,757,2004,2026]" box="[151,757,2004,2026]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBDFFF29C83089DD6DEF83C" author="Svoboda" box="[194,487,2004,2026]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Svoboda, A. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (1991) The European and Mediterranean species of Aglaophenia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 274, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Svoboda &amp; Cornelius (1991)</bibRefCitation>
for a complete synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2E6640FFBAFFF59CD60B2BD2A1FB40" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242781/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" targetBox="[464,1121,199,1093]" targetPageId="76">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59CD60B2BD2A1FB40" blockId="76.[151,1436,1122,1174]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59CD60B2BD619FBA1" bold="true" box="[151,288,1122,1144]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 52.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBAFFF59D660B2BD505FBAE" box="[295,572,1122,1144]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kirchenpaueri">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59D660B2BD505FBAE" box="[295,572,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59E0B0B2BD565FBA1" bold="true" box="[586,604,1122,1143]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
, general view of a colony;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59F350B2BD4BCFBA1" bold="true" box="[884,901,1122,1143]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
, basal part of caulus;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF598270B2BD341FBAE" bold="true" box="[1126,1144,1122,1144]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
, hydrothecae and associated nematothecae (B, C same scale bar);
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59E4F0BC8D519FB40" bold="true" box="[526,544,1153,1174]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
, corbula (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBAFFF59CD60B8AD649FAD6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59CD60B8AD649FAD6" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59CD60B8AD6BBFB0A" bold="true" box="[151,386,1219,1244]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</emphasis>
HCUS-S 0 58 and HCUS-S 0 59 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBAFFF49C860A42D7E6FECB" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59C860A42D387FAF2" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" box="[199,1214,1291,1316]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59C860A42D668FAF2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1291,1316]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Description</emphasis>
(based on our own observations;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59E8A0A42D456FAF2" author="Svoboda" box="[715,879,1291,1316]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Svoboda, A. (1979) Beitrag zur Okologie, Biometrie und Systematik der Mediterranen Aglaophenia Arten (Hydroidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 167, 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="1979">Svoboda 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59F3A0A42D388FAF2" author="Svoboda" box="[891,1201,1291,1316]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Svoboda, A. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (1991) The European and Mediterranean species of Aglaophenia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 274, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Svoboda &amp; Cornelius 1991</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59C860A66D661F966" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59C860A66D60AFA9E" bold="true" box="[199,307,1327,1352]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Hydroid.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza as much branched stolons; colonies erect, pinnate; hydrocauli, monosiphonic, up to
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFBAFFF599330A66D7FCFABD" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
, high basal part of the axis without thecae, followed by up to 3 prosegments each with a frontal nematotheca, remaining internodes with 3 nematothecae and a pseudonematotheca, nodes oblique; hydrocladia alternate, closely set, each cormidium with one hydrotheca and 3 nematothecae (one median inferior and 2 lateral ones), nodes transverse; hydrotheca not deep (length/breadth at rim: 1–1.3), with a greatly developed transverse abcauline septum recurved at the tip, rim with 9 marginal cusps, first pair on both sides longest, remaining marginal cusps grading towards axis of cormidium; median nematotheca not surpassing hydrothecal rim, 2/3 adnate, lateral nematothecae projecting slightly above hydrothecal rim, distal portion curved outwards, aperture of median and lateral nematothecae gutter-shaped; male corbulae partially open, usually without free costae, female ones usually closed and with free costa, colonies dioecious. Colours: hydrocauli yellowish to brown, hydrocladia and corbulae yellow or brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59C8609F2D54BF902" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" box="[199,626,1723,1748]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59C8609F2D602F902" bold="true" box="[199,315,1723,1748]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cnidome.</emphasis>
Microbasic mastigophores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59C860996D6D8F8B2" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59C860996D65DF92E" bold="true" box="[199,356,1759,1784]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
Habitat
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFBAFFF59D6B0996D666F92E" box="[298,351,1759,1784]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBAFFF59D2A09A9D51EF92E" box="[363,551,1759,1784]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kirchenpaueri">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59D2A09A9D51EF92E" box="[363,551,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A. kirchenpaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shelf and littoral species, found from almost the tidal level to
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFBAFFF5994E0996D26EF921" box="[1295,1367,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
depth in the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59DFF084DD59AF8CA" author="Boero" box="[446,675,1795,1820]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59F69084AD320F8CA" author="Templado" box="[808,1049,1795,1820]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Templado, J., Garcia-Carrascosa, M., Barateck, L., Capaccioni, R., Juan, A., Lopez-Ibor, A., Silvestre, R. &amp; Masso, C. (1986) Estudio preliminar de la fauna asociada a los fondos coraliferos del mar de Alboran (SE de Espana). Preliminary study of associated fauna of coralliferous bottoms of the Alboran Sea (southeastern Spain). Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 3 (4), 93 - 104." type="journal article" year="1986">
Templado
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59FDE084DD4E9F8CA" box="[927,976,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 1986
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59864084AD263F8CA" author="Svoboda" box="[1061,1370,1795,1820]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Svoboda, A. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (1991) The European and Mediterranean species of Aglaophenia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 274, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Svoboda &amp; Cornelius 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59927084DD508F8E9" author="Pena" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
), with a maximum depth at
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFBAFFF59F3E086ED4F3F8E9" box="[895,970,1831,1855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7299999999999995" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="373.0">373 m</quantity>
reported by Ramil and Vervoort (1992) around the Strait of
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FFBAFFF59D370802D6E4F8B2" box="[374,477,1867,1892]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59C860826D62CF87D" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59C860826D678F85E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1903,1928]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Substrate.</emphasis>
Hard substrates such as rock, coralline algae, gorgonians and barnacles but recorded seldom also on
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBAFFF59CD608DDD636F87D" box="[151,271,1940,1963]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59CD608DDD636F87D" box="[151,271,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cystoseira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBAFFF59C8608FED3C8F822" blockId="76.[151,1436,1219,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59C8608FED66DF806" bold="true" box="[199,340,1975,2000]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Seasonality.</emphasis>
Reported, in the Mediterranean Sea, from January to December (Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF598DD08F1D3F5F806" box="[1180,1228,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 2004); from May to August, October and November in Salento waters (De Vito 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBAFFF59FD60892D350F822" author="Piraino" box="[919,1129,2011,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBAFFF59FAE0895D31EF822" box="[1007,1063,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBBFFF49C860FDED7E6FECB" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49C860FDED6FCFF66" bold="true" box="[199,453,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
In the Mediterranean Sea, February (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49F310FDED4C4FF66" author="Picard" box="[880,1021,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Picard, J. (1955) Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des Herbiers mediterraneens de Posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine D'Endoume, 15 (Bulleton 9), 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Picard 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF4984A0FD1D3CBFF66" author="Boero" box="[1035,1266,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
); April (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF499130FDED7EBFF03" author="Picard" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Picard, J. (1955) Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des Herbiers mediterraneens de Posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine D'Endoume, 15 (Bulleton 9), 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Picard 1955</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986); May (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49DEC0FF5D508FF03" author="Rossi" box="[429,561,188,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Rossi, L. (1961) Idroidi viventi sulle scogliere del promontorio di Portofino (Golfo di Genova). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 72, 68 - 85." type="journal article" year="1961">Rossi 1961</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986); May–June, October (De Vito 2006; this study); August (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF499120FF5D7D9FF2E" author="Picard" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Picard, J. (1951 b) Note sur les hydraires littoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie Milieu, 2 (3), 338 - 349." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Picard 1951b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49CAC0FA9D655FF2E" author="Roca" box="[237,364,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Roca, I. (1986) Estudio de los Cnidarios Bentonicos de las aguas costeras de Mallorca. Tesis, Universitat de les illes Balears, Facultat de Ciencies, Palma de Mallorca, 32 pp." type="book" year="1986">Roca 1986</bibRefCitation>
); September (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49E480F96D59CFF2E" author="Picard" box="[521,677,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Picard, J. (1951 b) Note sur les hydraires littoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie Milieu, 2 (3), 338 - 349." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Picard 1951b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49EF30FA9D4A2FF2E" author="Boero" box="[690,923,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
), and November (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498260F96D3D2FF2E" author="Rossi" box="[1127,1259,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Rossi, L. (1971) Guida a Cnidari e Ctenofori d'Italia. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 2, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1971">Rossi 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498B80FA9D7EAFECB" author="Boero" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBBFFF49C860E6ED422FE23" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBBFFF49C860E6ED40FFE7A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49C860E6ED659FE96" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</emphasis>
Northeastern Atlantic from British coasts to
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FFBBFFF49F180E61D4E2FE96" box="[857,987,295,320]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands, Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498B00E6ED2AEFE96" author="Svoboda" box="[1265,1431,295,320]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Svoboda, A. (1979) Beitrag zur Okologie, Biometrie und Systematik der Mediterranen Aglaophenia Arten (Hydroidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 167, 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="1979">Svoboda 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49CD60E05D6EAFEB2" author="Svoboda" box="[151,467,332,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Svoboda, A. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (1991) The European and Mediterranean species of Aglaophenia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 274, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Svoboda &amp; Cornelius 1991</bibRefCitation>
; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49F450E05D322FEB3" author="Medel" box="[772,1051,332,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1995) Plumularian hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Strait of Gibraltar and nearly areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 300, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1995">Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498680E05D2AEFEB3" author="Medel" box="[1065,1431,332,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49CD60E39D6A5FE5E" author="Ansin" box="[151,412,367,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopteriidae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
Ansín Agís
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49D5E0E38D661FE5E" box="[287,344,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49DE80E39D440FE5E" author="Pena" box="[425,889,368,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49FAE0E38D310FE5E" box="[1007,1065,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2004;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498380E26D3C7FE5E" author="Galea" box="[1145,1278,367,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Galea, H. R. (2007) Hydrozoa, La Ciotat and nearby areas, Mediterranean coast of France. Check List, 3 (3), 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="2007">Galea 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF4994A0E26D7E6FE7A" author="Gravili" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF499220E38D2A5FE5E" box="[1379,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49D660EDCD660FE7B" box="[295,345,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2009;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49DEC0EDDD413FE7A" author="Soto" box="[429,810,404,429]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Soto Angel, J. J. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. (2013) Shallow-water benthic hydroids from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 34 (s 1), 177 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / maec. 12035" type="journal article" year="2013">Soto Ãngel &amp; Peña Cantero 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBBFFF49C860EFED422FE23" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49C860EFED697FE06" bold="true" box="[199,430,439,464]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
Moderately frequent at Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498280EFED271FE06" author="Gravili" box="[1129,1352,439,464]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF498810EF0D3C0FE06" box="[1216,1273,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF499120EFED628FE22" author="Stabili" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Stabili, L., Gravili, C., Tredici, S. M., Piraino, S., Tala, A., Boero, F. &amp; Alifano, P. (2008) Epibiotic Vibrio luminous bacteria isolated from some Hydrozoa and Bryozoa species. Microbial Ecology, 56 (4), 625 - 636. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00248 - 008 - 9382 - y" type="journal article" year="2008">
Stabili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49CD60E94D7F6FE23" box="[151,207,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49D5D0E94D68CFE22" author="Ventura" box="[284,437,476,500]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Ventura, P. (2011) Comparison between hydroid fauna of Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea) and Otranto (Adriatic Sea). Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Science in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation within the ERASMUS MUNDUS Master Programme EMBC. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="2011">Ventura 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49D810E95D5ABFE22" author="Piraino" box="[448,658,476,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49E590E94D568FE23" box="[536,593,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBBFFF49C860EB6D4A0FDEA" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBBFFF49C860EB6D4A0FDEA" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49C860EB6D602FDCE" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
Colonies exposed to low current velocities may attain heights of up to
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFBBFFF498140D49D38AFDC1" box="[1109,1203,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
, conversely colonies growing in rapid currents remain short (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49E140D6DD4B5FDEA" author="Svoboda" box="[597,908,548,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Svoboda, A. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (1991) The European and Mediterranean species of Aglaophenia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 274, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Svoboda &amp; Cornelius 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBBFFF49C860D0ED405FCC2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBBFFF49C860D0ED405FCC2" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49C860D0ED669FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,336,583,608]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49D160D0ED6D6FDB6" author="Heller" box="[343,495,583,608]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Heller, C. (1868) Die zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 18, 1 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11393" type="journal article" year="1868">Heller (1868)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBBFFF49E550D0ED40EFDB6" box="[532,823,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kirchenpaueri">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49E550D0ED40EFDB6" box="[532,823,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Plumularia kirchenpaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49F070D0ED4C8FDB6" author="Stechow" box="[838,1009,583,608]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauersche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abeilung fur Systematik, 42 (1), 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow (1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49FBC0D01D30FFDB6" author="Stechow" box="[1021,1078,584,608]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. II. Teil. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 47 (1), 29 - 270." type="journal article" year="1923">1923</bibRefCitation>
) as
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBBFFF498250D01D3DCFDB6" ID-CoL="65RHS" box="[1124,1253,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="septifera">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF498250D01D3DCFDB6" box="[1124,1253,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. septifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498B50D0ED2AEFDB6" author="Leloup" box="[1268,1431,583,608]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Leloup, E. (1934) Note sur les hydropolypes de la rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer (France). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 10 (31), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1934">Leloup (1934)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49CD60D25D627FD53" author="Riedl" box="[151,286,620,645]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Riedl, R. (1959) Die Hydroiden des Golfes von Neapel und ihr Anteil an der Fauna unterseeischen Hohlen. In: Ergebnisse der osterreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952, Teil xvi. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 30 (supplement), pp. 591 - 755." type="journal article" year="1959">Riedl (1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49D680D25D65DFD53" author="Riedl" box="[297,356,620,645]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Riedl, R. (1966) Biologie der Meereshohlen. Blackwell Wissensch, 636 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19680530208" type="book" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49D2F0D25D690FD52" author="Riedl" box="[366,425,620,644]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Riedl, R. (1970) Fauna und Flora der Adria. 2 nd Edition. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg &amp; Berlin, 640 pp." type="book" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49DF50D25D6D4FD52" author="Riedl" box="[436,493,620,644]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Riedl, R. (1991) Fauna e flora del Mediterraneo. Muzio (Ed.), Padova, 777 pp." type="book" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) as
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBBFFF49E580D25D5A0FD52" ID-CoL="65RHS" box="[537,665,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="septifera">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49E580D25D5A0FD52" box="[537,665,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. septifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49EE90D25D476FD53" author="Picard" box="[680,847,620,645]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49F1B0D25D4DBFD53" author="Rossi" box="[858,994,620,645]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Rossi, L. (1961) Idroidi viventi sulle scogliere del promontorio di Portofino (Golfo di Genova). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 72, 68 - 85." type="journal article" year="1961">Rossi (1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49FAC0D25D311FD52" author="Rossi" box="[1005,1064,620,644]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Rossi, L. (1971) Guida a Cnidari e Ctenofori d'Italia. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 2, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF4987C0D25D3CBFD52" author="Svoboda" box="[1085,1266,620,645]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Svoboda, A. (1979) Beitrag zur Okologie, Biometrie und Systematik der Mediterranen Aglaophenia Arten (Hydroidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 167, 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="1979">Svoboda (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498BC0D24D7DAFD7E" author="Boero" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49CB50DC6D571FD7E" author="Svoboda" box="[244,584,655,680]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Svoboda, A. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (1991) The European and Mediterranean species of Aglaophenia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 274, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Svoboda &amp; Cornelius (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49FD20DC6D361FD7E" author="Cornelius" box="[915,1112,655,680]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF498280DC6D2AEFD7E" author="Medel" box="[1129,1431,655,680]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1995) Plumularian hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Strait of Gibraltar and nearly areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 300, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1995">Medel &amp; Vervoort (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49CD60DFDD51DFD1B" author="Medel" box="[151,548,692,717]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBBFFF49E760DFDD416FD1A" box="[567,815,692,717]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. &amp; Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBBFFF49ED40DFCD5ECFD1B" box="[661,725,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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