412 lines
49 KiB
XML
412 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="85983007A8325AED0A9CE35B31A1CB8B">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F064B2C6CF6E25AC24790CFBDE47332">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EAA55B985F9F33211777A52D70C54571">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="25ECB08D0E8D98F3AD61950B9CBE78E7">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="285B0A5ADC57E087DB318470A4200863">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8A6B9443205D65089D731D3D4F12AB6">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EDFD56056480628BED38A1D39C21B84">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D3A20F7D69BB3C0853F865ADDF8BB513">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EAD2494913E590C667EF2AC0F5688B0C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2C3A9B00081445B85C3FEE5510845B24">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFF84FFCD9CD60A8CD383FA69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107137" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107137" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFF84FFCD9CD60A8CD383FA69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFF84FFCD9CD60A8CD383FA69" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF84FFCB9CD60A8CD567F990" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9CD60A8CD5F4FA09" blockId="114.[151,717,1477,1536]" box="[151,717,1477,1503]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FF84FFCB9CD60A8CD5F4FA09" bold="true" box="[151,717,1477,1503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF84FFCB9CD60A8CD5F4FA09" authority="Motz-Kossowska, 1911" authorityName="Motz-Kossowska" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,717,1477,1503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torreyi">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9CD60A8CD5F4FA09" bold="true" box="[151,717,1477,1503]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9CD60A8CD6AFFA09" bold="true" box="[151,406,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Campalecium torreyi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF84FFCB9DE40A8CD5FCFA09" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[421,709,1477,1503]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1911) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. II. - Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 5, VI, 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9CD60AAED621F9D6" blockId="114.[151,717,1477,1536]" box="[151,280,1511,1536]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFF84FFCB9CD60AAED7DCF9D6" box="[151,229,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="115.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[355,1236,186,1233]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[349,1243,177,1239]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURE 82. Campalecium torreyi: A, hydranth and gonotheca with medusa buds; B, lateral view of juvenile medusa; C, oral view of juvenile medusa; D, intact and discharged merotrichous haplonemes; E, thirty-day-old medusa reared at 14 ° C; F, thirty-day-old medusa reared at 24 ° C (B and C same scale bar; E and F same scale bar) (A, B, C drawn by F. Boero; D, E drawn by C. G. Di Camillo; F drawn by C. Gravili). Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B, C, 250 µm; D, 0.1 mm; E, F, 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242811/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
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A–F
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9CD60979D567F990" blockId="114.[151,606,1584,1606]" box="[151,606,1584,1606]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">See Altuna (2008) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF84FFCB9CD6093BD59AF979" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9CD6093BD59AF979" blockId="114.[151,1437,1650,2035]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9CD6093BD6BAF95D" bold="true" box="[151,387,1650,1675]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 090p HCUS-S 090m (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp and medusa stages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF84FFCD9C8609F3D36AFE51" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9C8609F3D494F905" blockId="114.[151,1437,1650,2035]" box="[199,941,1722,1747]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9C8609F3D668F905" bold="true" box="[199,337,1722,1747]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations; Altuna 1993, 2008):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9C860997D239F87D" blockId="114.[151,1437,1650,2035]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9C860997D60AF921" bold="true" box="[199,307,1758,1783]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as simple stolons; colony stolonal; hydrocaulus as hydranth pedicel of varied length bearing terminal hydranth, secondary pedicels often forming sympodial branches; hydranth elongated, cylindrical, relatively large, not retractable into hydrotheca, endodermal epithelium differentiated into distinct parts, the upper one digestive, the basal one formed by chordal cells; up to 30 amphicoronate tentacles; with intertentacular web; hydrotheca collar-shaped, shallow, often regenerated, with a distinct diaphragm, with large desmocytes. Gonothecae clavate or rounded, arising beneath hydrothecal pedicel, each with several medusa buds.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF84FFCB9C8608FFD640F825" blockId="114.[151,1437,1650,2035]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9C8608FFD65CF819" bold="true" box="[199,357,1974,1999]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF84FFCB9D6B08FFD666F819" box="[298,351,1974,1999]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Rocky bottoms,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF84FFCB9E6708FFD5A1F819" box="[550,664,1974,1999]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF84FFCB9E6708FFD5A1F819" box="[550,664,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Posidonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, sand and pebbles (depth range:
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF84FFCB984C08FFD35DF819" box="[1037,1124,1974,1999]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="0.0">0–25 m</quantity>
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) (own data;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF84FFCB98B208FED7EBF825" author="Boero" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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; Altuna 1993).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FF85FFCA9CD60BACD3DDFA81" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242811/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" targetBox="[355,1236,186,1233]" targetPageId="115">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9CD60BACD3DDFA81" blockId="115.[151,1435,1253,1367]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9CD60BACD619FB2C" bold="true" box="[151,288,1253,1275]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 82.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF85FFCA9D670BACD6C4FB2D" box="[294,509,1253,1275]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torreyi">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9D670BACD6C4FB2D" box="[294,509,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Campalecium torreyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9E4A0BACD524FB2C" bold="true" box="[523,541,1253,1274]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth and gonotheca with medusa buds;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9FAB0BAFD4C2FB2D" bold="true" box="[1002,1019,1254,1275]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">B</emphasis>
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, lateral view of juvenile medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA99140BACD25EFB2D" bold="true" box="[1365,1383,1253,1275]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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, oral view of juvenile medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9DEA0A4DD684FACF" bold="true" box="[427,445,1284,1305]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">D</emphasis>
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, intact and discharged merotrichous haplonemes;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9F8F0A4DD4E6FACF" bold="true" box="[974,991,1284,1305]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">E</emphasis>
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, thirty-day-old medusa reared at 14°C;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA99C90A4DD2ACFACF" bold="true" box="[1416,1429,1284,1305]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">F</emphasis>
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, thirty-day-old medusa reared at 24°C (B and C same scale bar; E and F same scale bar) (A, B, C drawn by F. Boero; D, E drawn by C.G. Di Camillo; F drawn by C. Gravili). Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B, C, 250 µm; D, 0.1 mm; E, F, 2.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C860A30D343FA44" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" box="[199,1146,1401,1426]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9C860A30D678FA44" bold="true" box="[199,321,1401,1426]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Substrate.</emphasis>
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Algae, hydroids,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF85FFCA9E480A30D542FA44" box="[521,635,1401,1426]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9E480A30D542FA44" box="[521,635,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Posidonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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rhizomes, barnacles, sponges, and Anthozoa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C860AD4D38BFA28" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9C860AD4D686FA60" bold="true" box="[199,447,1437,1462]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rearing of medusae.</emphasis>
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Released medusae (6) were divided into two groups of three individuals each: the first group was reared under the same conditions as the hydroid colony (14°C), while the second was kept at 24°C (preliminary observations showed that gonad development was faster at higher temperatures).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C860940D346F9BC" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF85FFCA9C860940D614F9F4" bold="true" box="[199,301,1545,1570]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Medusa.</emphasis>
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When newly released, umbrella 0.8 mm wide, almost hemispherical, manubrium short, urn-shaped; mouth with 4 simple lips; 4 perradial marginal bulbs, 4 perradial marginal tentacles, without lateral cirri or marginal warts, after a few days lateral cirri appear on tentacular bulbs; with 8 statocysts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C86093CD6E9F958" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" box="[199,464,1653,1678]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Medusa reared at 14°C:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C8609D0D628F92C" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Five-day-old medusa. Umbrella 1.0 mm wide; 4 bulbs each flanked by one pair of lateral spiral cirri; 2 tentacles, 2 rudimental tentacles; one rudimentary marginal wart between successive tentacles; about 8 statocysts; no gonads.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C86084CD6CCF8B0" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Thirty-day-old medusa. Umbrella 2.0 mm wide; 8 marginal tentacles with conspicuous basal bulbs, each flanked by 3 pairs of lateral spiral cirri; usually with 3–5 rudimentary marginal warts between successive tentacles; about 12 statocysts; no gonads.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C860838D6E9F85C" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" box="[199,464,1905,1930]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Medusa reared at 24°C:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF85FFCA9C8608DCD4BFF820" blockId="115.[151,1436,1401,2038]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Five-day-old-medusa. Umbrella 1.0 mm wide; 4 bulbs each flanked by one pair of lateral spiral cirri; 2 tentacles, 2 rudimental tentacles one rudimentary marginal wart between successive tentacles; about 8 statocysts; appearance of 4 rudiments of gonads on distal half of radial canals.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860FDED4E0FF2E" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Thirty-day-old medusa. Umbrella 2.0 mm wide; 4 marginal tentacles with conspicuous basal bulbs, each flanked by 2 pairs of lateral spiral cirri; usually with one rudimentary marginal wart between successive tentacles; about 8 statocysts; 4 sausage-shaped gonads on distal half of radial canals.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860E4DD499FECB" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" box="[199,928,260,285]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860E4DD602FECB" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Merotrichous haplonemes, microbasic mastigophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860E6ED24AFE96" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" box="[199,1395,295,320]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860E6ED66DFE96" bold="true" box="[199,340,295,320]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
January–December (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9E000E61D41CFE96" author="Boero" box="[577,805,295,320]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; De Vito 2006; this study) in the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860E05D36AFE51" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860E05D6FCFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,453,332,357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
August–November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9EF30E05D4A0FEB3" author="Boero" box="[690,921,332,357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and April–July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98240E05D275FEB2" author="Llobet" box="[1125,1356,332,357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Llobet Nadal, I. (1987) Faunistica y distribucion espacio-temporal de una poblacion de hydropolipos epibiontes del alga Halimeda tuna en el Mediterraneo occidental. MS Thesis. [pagination unkown]" type="book" year="1987">Llobet i Nadal 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the western Mediterranean; March, October (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF82FFCD9C860EDDD5FDFDEA" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860EDDD58EFE06" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860EDDD659FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,352,404,429]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic, Mediterranean (Altuna 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9F5E0EDDD3BEFE7B" author="Medel" box="[799,1159,404,429]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98D20EDDD219FE7A" author="Calder" box="[1171,1312,404,429]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD996D0EDDD7EAFE06" author="Schuchert" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D070EF0D647FE06" box="[326,382,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9D8D0EFED592FE06" author="Gravili" box="[460,683,439,464]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E620EF0D56DFE06" box="[547,596,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860E95D5FDFDEA" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860E95D68FFE23" bold="true" box="[199,438,476,501]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare in the following localities: S.ta Caterina, S.ta Maria al Bagno, Gulf of Taranto (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9CDF0EB6D60FFDCE" author="Denitto" box="[158,310,511,536]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9D000EB6D510FDCE" author="Miglietta" box="[321,553,511,536]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9DEF0D48D6DFFDCE" box="[430,486,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9FA00EB6D384FDCE" author="Gravili" box="[993,1213,511,536]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98770D48D35EFDCE" box="[1078,1127,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98860EB6D2A1FDCE" author="Piraino" box="[1223,1432,511,536]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD995F0D48D26FFDCE" box="[1310,1366,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study); Grotta del Ciolo (Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E7D0D6CD54CFDEB" box="[572,629,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF82FFCD9C860D0ED50EFB13" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860D0ED50EFB13" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860D0ED602FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole life cycle was examined in the present study. This species has often been recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9CD60D25D556FD52" authority="Torrey, 1902" authorityName="Torrey" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,623,620,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9CD60D25D6F6FD53" box="[151,463,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Campalecium medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
Torrey, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a nominal species described from the California coast, based on the hydroid stage. As remarked by Altuna (2008) it is unlikely that the Mediterranean species is identical with the Californian one. The taxonomic situation of the various species referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD985A0DFDD38EFD1B" box="[1051,1207,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD985A0DFDD38EFD1B" box="[1051,1207,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Campalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is complicated and unresolved (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9D0D0D9ED6E0FD26" author="Calder" box="[332,473,727,752]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Due to similarity among “
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9F4E0D9ED480FD26" box="[783,953,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9F4E0D9ED48BFD26" box="[783,946,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Campalecium</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
hydroids, several authors regarded most of them as conspecific or questionably conspecific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9E9C0DB5D448FCC2" author="Calder" box="[733,881,764,789]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9FC00DB5D302FCC2" author="Schuchert" box="[897,1083,764,789]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD98990DB4D256FCC2" box="[1240,1391,765,788]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98990DB4D256FCC2" box="[1240,1391,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mitrocomium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as defined in Brinckmann (1959) based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9E310C56D455FCEE" box="[624,876,799,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Haleciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microtheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E310C56D455FCEE" box="[624,876,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Haleciella microtheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) presents considerable problems not only at the species level, but also at the family level and is considered as synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD98120C0DD3FBFC8B" box="[1107,1218,836,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98120C0DD3FBFC8B" box="[1107,1218,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Lovenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Bouillon et al. (2006), having companulinid hydroids, not sharing the features of the present species. Altuna (2008) assigned this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9D570CC5D6B6FC73" box="[278,399,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D570CC5D6B6FC73" box="[278,399,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Eucheilota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9D860CC4D40DFC72" authority="Torrey, 1902" authorityName="Torrey" authorityYear="1902" box="[455,820,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D860CC4D550FC73" box="[455,617,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">E. medusifera</emphasis>
|
||
? (Torrey, 1902)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(comb. nov.) and considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD98DA0CC5D20EFC73" box="[1179,1335,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98DA0CC5D20EFC73" box="[1179,1335,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Campalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a likely synonym of that genus. We cannot share Altuna’s (2008) opinion of referring this nominal species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD995D0CE6D2ACFC1E" box="[1308,1429,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD995D0CE6D2ACFC1E" box="[1308,1429,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Eucheilota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since other species of this genus do have campanulinid hydroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9FE90C9DD278FC3A" authority="Hartlaub, 1894" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1894" box="[936,1345,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9FE90C9DD3A9FC3B" box="[936,1168,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Eucheilota maculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98D90C9DD278FC3A" author="Hartlaub" box="[1176,1345,980,1005]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1894) Die Coelenteraten Helgolands. Vorlaufiger Bericht. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen n. ser. (1), 161 - 206." type="journal article" year="1894">Hartlaub, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but we prefer to avoid referring it to the Californian nominal species. The oldest record of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD981E0CBED3C2FBC6" box="[1119,1275,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD981E0CBED3C2FBC6" box="[1119,1275,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Campalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the Mediterranean is by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9DC60B55D5A7FBE2" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[391,670,1052,1077]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1911) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. II. - Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 5, VI, 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and, following Altuna’s (2008) suggestion, we provisionally refer this material to this nominal species. In the present study, the stages of development of the medusa at two different temperatures have been described. It is evident that environmental stimuli may, within the same species, cause a variation of the stage of development reached by a medusa by the time of its release as reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98BA0BCED2A5FB76" author="Hincks" box="[1275,1436,1159,1184]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Hincks, Th. (1868) The History of the British hydroid zoophytes. Vol. 1 & 2. John Van Voorst, London, 338 pp. & 67 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1322" type="book" year="1868">Hincks (1868)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the species
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D7E0BE5D50EFB13" box="[319,567,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9D7E0BE5D50DFB13" box="[319,564,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">Clytia hemisphaerica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF82FFCD9C860B86D383FA69" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF82FFCD9C860B86D383FA69" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9C860B86D669FB3E" bold="true" box="[199,336,1231,1256]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9D160B86D53DFB3E" author="Haeckel" box="[343,516,1231,1256]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen [Craspedotae]. Denkschriften der medicinisch - naturwissenschaftlichen. Gesellschaft. Jena, 1, 360 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 272662" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9E6B0B98D413FB3E" ID-CoL="6RKY6" box="[554,810,1233,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E6B0B98D413FB3E" box="[554,810,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mitrocomium cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9F780B99D4EAFB3E" author="Mayer" box="[825,979,1232,1256]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae. Vol. I & II. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 735 pp." type="book" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9FB80B98D3F0FB3E" box="[1017,1225,1233,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Mitrocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9FB80B98D3F0FB3E" box="[1017,1225,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mitrocoma cirrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98990B86D7D9FADA" author="Motz-Kossowska" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1911) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. II. - Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 5, VI, 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9D4D0BBDD6F7FADA" box="[268,462,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torreyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D4D0BBDD6F7FADA" box="[268,462,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Halecium torreyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9DA00BBDD540FADA" author="Hadzi" box="[481,633,1268,1293]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Hadzi, J. (1914) Poredbena hidroidska istraivanja. III. Haleciella microtheca g. n., sp. n.; Georginella diaphana g. n., sp. n.; Halanthus adriaticus g. n., sp. n.; Campanopsis clausa (Hadzi) i o porodici Campanopsida uopce. Rad Jugoslavenske Akaddemije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, 202 Matematicko-Prirodoslovnim Razredom, 191 - 241." type="journal article" year="1914">Hadzi (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9EE50BBDD498FADB" box="[676,929,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Haleciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microtheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9EE50BBDD498FADB" box="[676,929,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Haleciella microtheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9FF20BBDD37FFADB" author="Huve" box="[947,1094,1268,1293]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Huve, P. (1954) Hydranthea et Campalecium, genres mediterraneens aberrants d'Hydroides de la famille des Haleciides. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 13, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1954">Huvé (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98140BBDD3CEFADB" author="Picard" box="[1109,1271,1268,1293]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Picard, J. (1951 a) Les hydraires des formations coralligenes des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (2), 255 - 261." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1951a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD99470BBDD275FADB" author="Picard" box="[1286,1356,1268,1293]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9CD60A5ED6F5FAE6" box="[151,460,1303,1328]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9CD60A5ED6F5FAE6" box="[151,460,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Campalecium medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Brinckmann (1959) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9EA30A5ED48BFAE6" box="[738,946,1303,1328]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9EA30A5ED48BFAE6" box="[738,946,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Eucheilota cirrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9F830A51D351FAE6" author="Boero" box="[962,1128,1304,1328]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98340A5ED273FAE6" author="Bavestrello" box="[1141,1354,1303,1328]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Bavestrello, G. (1985) Idroidi simbionti di paguri e gastropodi nella riviera Ligure di Levante. In: Atti del XVI. Congresso nazionale della Societa italiana di Biologia marina (Lecce, 25 - 30 Settembre 1984). Oebalia, New Series, 11 (1), pp. 349 - 362." type="journal article" year="1985">Bavestrello (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD99160A51D67BFA83" author="Boero" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gili (1986),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9D9C0A75D58CFA83" author="Llobet" box="[477,693,1340,1365]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Llobet
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E6E0A74D550FA83" box="[559,617,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9E830A75D5C4FA82" author="Llobet" box="[706,765,1340,1364]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9F530A74D33DFA82" author="Boero" box="[786,1028,1340,1364]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Boero, F. & Sara, M. (1987) Motile sexual stages and evolution of Leptomedusae (Cnidaria). Bollettino di Zoologia, 54 (2), 131 - 139. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250008709355572" type="journal article" year="1987">Boero & Sarà (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD98530A75D232FA82" box="[1042,1291,1340,1365]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Llobet Nadal, I. (1987) Faunistica y distribucion espacio-temporal de una poblacion de hydropolipos epibiontes del alga Halimeda tuna en el Mediterraneo occidental. MS Thesis. [pagination unkown]" type="book">Llobet i Nadal (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD99580A75D7D8FAAE" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Morri, C., Bavestrello, G. & Bianchi, C. N. (1991) Faunal and ecological notes on some benthic cnidarian species from the Tuscan Archipelago and eastern Ligurian Sea (western Mediterranean). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova, 54 - 55, 27 - 47." type="book chapter">
|
||
Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD99220A74D2A5FA83" box="[1379,1436,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9D750A29D6D3FAAE" box="[308,490,1375,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D750A29D6D3FAAE" box="[308,490,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">C. medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Altuna (1993) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9E8B0A28D4F7FAAE" ID-CoL="6RKY6" box="[714,974,1377,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E8B0A28D4F7FAAE" box="[714,974,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mitrocomium cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9FA10A16D3DCFAAE" box="[992,1253,1375,1400]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98100A28D3B4FAAE" box="[1105,1165,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD99210A28D2A5FAAE" box="[1376,1436,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9EF90ACCD5C8FA4B" box="[696,753,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9F120ACDD37BFA4A" box="[851,1090,1412,1437]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9FEB0ACCD4E2FA4B" box="[938,987,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD98CC0ACCD206FA4B" box="[1165,1343,1412,1437]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98CC0ACCD206FA4B" box="[1165,1343,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">C. medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Altuna (2008) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD9D460AEED53DFA16" box="[263,516,1447,1472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9D460AEED53DFA16" box="[263,516,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Eucheilota medusifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9E220AE0D5A5FA16" box="[611,668,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF82FFCD9EBA0AEED4E5FA16" box="[763,988,1447,1472]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD9F120AE0D4B2FA16" box="[851,907,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF82FFCD98430AE1D38AFA16" box="[1026,1203,1447,1472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF82FFCD98430AE1D38AFA16" box="[1026,1203,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">C. medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |