352 lines
42 KiB
XML
352 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="B77891A7B3559AC435862033FD451EF3" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1391" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757117" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618342261682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Knowles, Ross, Mahony, Michael, Armstrong, Jan & Donnellan, Stephen" docDate="2004" docId="03F88794BD72FFDEAA098B0BFAC4F9E0" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.56.1.57-74.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/knowles-et-al-2004-rec-aust-mus-561-5774/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Philoria sphagnicolus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFC1FFECBD78FFD5AB018805FFACFFAF" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Sphagnum Frogs of the Genus Philoria (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in Eastern Australia, With the Description of Two New Species" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698905338627" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="771A3663401AFFFC7FCD38D9F392B9A9">Systematics of Sphagnum Frogs of the Genus Philoria (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in Eastern Australia, With the Description of Two New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7EA30B4C825CD20EC298B2FE358A706">Knowles, Ross</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37B8956977EB4B3D8B18C53C5337D505">Mahony, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5AD3782574819913C606CB733637F76">Armstrong, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A53005AE535052167E50EEBF67D4754">Donnellan, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="318D745C5BEC648F095AA461F00B82D6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="082236658463A24A8CD3F198EDCC9377">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EEA3E2303681CE804DA77ED2E4BF161C">
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<mods:date id="2E078D9AB825D59F5733E4F4E6E9E9C6">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="190B4CF93CD61752ADC9DCD84A743246">2004-04-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="51B19F1DBB21D1DE8692BE7C58F309C4">56</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8E750463FA8FEF355D559AC6170EE45F">57</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="3F3B828496AC92763BE98898E82D5B30">https://journals.australian.museum/knowles-et-al-2004-rec-aust-mus-561-5774/</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="99F7FD122B608B2BD22691B2EFD37FB6" type="ISSN">2201-4349</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6509BD72FFDFAA098B0BFD1BFC89" box="[264,695,782,806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFAA098B0BFD1BFC89" blockId="10.[264,695,782,806]" box="[264,695,782,806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="D0A681EEBD72FFDFAA098B0BFD1BFC89" box="[264,695,782,806]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAA098B0BFD1BFC89" ID-CoL="4GCS3" authority="(Moore, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[264,695,782,806]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAA098B0BFD1BFC89" bold="true" box="[264,695,782,806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAA098B0BFDA5FC89" bold="true" box="[264,521,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Philoria sphagnicolus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFA9198B0BFD03FC89" author="Moore, J" box="[536,687,782,806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref17678" refString="Moore, J. A., 1958. A new genus and species of leptodactylid frog from Australia. American Museum Novitates 1919: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1958">Moore, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6509BD72FFDFABA78B44FDD9FC67" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFABA78B44FE9FFC3C" blockId="10.[166,794,833,915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFABA78B44FEB6FCF6" bold="true" box="[166,282,833,857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Type data</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B393CDFBD72FFDFAA288B47FE9CFC3C" accessionNumber="R16005" collectingDate="1952-11-21" collectionCode="AMS, R" location="Point Lookout" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54EA8820BD72FFDFAA5B8B47FE14FCF6" box="[346,440,834,857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is an adult male,
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<collectionCode id="ED40AE47BD72FFDFA97A8B47FD19FCF6" box="[635,693,834,857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">AMS</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED40AE47BD72FFDFA9BF8B47FD7DFCF6" box="[702,721,834,857]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">R</collectionCode>
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16005, collected on
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<date id="FFEF1042BD72FFDFAA398B5AFDA3FCD9" box="[312,527,863,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="1952-11-21">
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<collectingDate id="EFABE9AABD72FFDFAA398B5AFDA3FCD9" box="[312,527,863,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="1952-11-21">21 November 1952</collectingDate>
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</date>
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at
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<location id="8E8E6059BD72FFDFA9398B5AFD75FCD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F88794BD72FFDEAA098B0BFAC4F9E0:8E8E6059BD72FFDFA9398B5AFD75FCD9" box="[568,729,863,886]" name="Point Lookout" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="New South Wales">Point Lookout</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4995F860BD72FFDFA9E98B5AFE9CFC3C" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFABA78BB5FDD9FC67" blockId="10.[166,629,944,968]" box="[166,629,944,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFABA78BB5FE66FC67" bold="true" box="[166,458,944,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Other material examined</emphasis>
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. See Appendix.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6509BD72FFDFABA78BE1FD39FB04" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFABA78BE1FD39FB04" blockId="10.[166,794,996,1196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFABA78BE1FEA3FC53" bold="true" box="[166,271,996,1020]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Relatively large adult size (SVL to
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<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFA9778BE1FD6DFC54" box="[630,705,996,1019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
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); usually with either an arrow shaped black band across lower back with apex towards head or two black patches on lower dorsum at an oblique angle over the ilium, and males with well-developed nuptial pad on first finger. Male advertisement call has a higher number of pulses per call and a longer call duration than other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAA128C90FEC5FB03" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1901" box="[275,361,1173,1196]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAA128C90FEC5FB03" box="[275,361,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Philoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from NSW and
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<collectingRegion id="4995F860BD72FFDFA9128C91FD3DFB04" box="[531,657,1172,1195]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6509BD72FFDFABA78CCDFB5DFED9" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFABA78CCDFA36FE8A" blockId="10.[166,795,1224,2010]" lastBlockId="10.[839,1467,153,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFABA78CCDFE87FB4F" bold="true" box="[166,299,1224,1248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Description</emphasis>
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. A small, robust, ground dwelling frog. Adult males (n = 91) measure
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<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFAAAA8CE3FD98FB52" box="[427,564,1254,1277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="24.0">24 to 35 mm</quantity>
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and females (n = 17)
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<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFABA78D06FE83FAB5" box="[166,303,1283,1306]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="29.0">29 to 37 mm</quantity>
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SVL. Head shorter than wide (HL/HW mean 0.68, range 0.57–0.85). Head length approximately onequarter snout to vent length (HL/SVL mean 0.25, range 0.20–0.30). Hind limbs short (TL/SVL mean 0.46, range 0.38–0.51). Ratio of eye to naris distance to internarial span variable (EN/IN mean 0.63, range 0.44–1.04). Dorsal colour varies from cream through various shades of yellow to orange, red or black usually with irregular spots or patches. Black patches on lower dorsum at an oblique angle over ilium, less frequently extending to and joining at midline in an arrow shape with apex directed anteriorly or, in about one third of specimens, lower dorsum is unmarked. Some dark specimens with a broad cream vertebral band. Dorsal skin usually smooth, occasionally with a few tubercules or short raised ridges along mid-dorsolateral area aligned along long axis of body.Ventral surfaces vary from white to orange often with darker brown to black mottling on abdomen, throat and undersurfaces of limbs. Palms vary from completely dark to completely pale but subarticular and palmar tubercules always pale. Soles completely dark but first and second fingers always pale. A brown or black stripe extending from nostril through eye to base of arm always present but variably developed. Flank with or usually without a black band. A horizontal black band extending laterally from over cloaca to ventral surface of thigh. Vomerine teeth posterior to and extending to inner edge of choanae. Fingers in decreasing order of length 3>2>4>1. Toes in decreasing order of length 4>3>5>2>1. Welldeveloped dark nuptial pad on first finger of males and a spatulae on each of first and second fingers of females.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFA8468944FB5DFED9" blockId="10.[839,1467,321,374]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8468944FC40FEF6" bold="true" box="[839,1004,321,345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Dimensions of</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B393CDFBD72FFDFA8F68944FB41FED9" collectionCode="SVL" longitude="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="SVL 32.5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8F68944FBF6FEF6" bold="true" box="[1015,1114,321,345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<typeStatus id="54EA8820BD72FFDFA8F68944FBF6FEF6" box="[1015,1114,321,345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(mm).
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<specimenCode id="DBF79EF9BD72FFDFAFB08947FAB3FEF6" box="[1201,1311,322,345]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">SVL 32.5</specimenCode>
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, HL 9.0, HW 11.7, TL 14.4,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE655045BD72FFDFA8E9895AFB88FED9" box="[1000,1060,351,374]" degrees="2.8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" precision="5555" value="2.8">E 2.8</geoCoordinate>
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, EN 1.96, IN 3.64
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6509BD72FFDEA8468996FAC4F9E0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDFA8468996FB30FC77" blockId="10.[839,1467,403,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8468996FB0AFE04" bold="true" box="[839,1190,403,427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Distribution and abundance</emphasis>
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. The distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAEA78991FC79FE67" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAEA78991FC79FE67" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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extends along the eastern escarpment of the Great Dividing Range in northern NSW from the Marsh SF in the south northwards to Ramornie SF and the vicinity of Glen Innes (
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<figureCitation id="136A2A07BD72FFDFA8CE8A0CFBBFFD8F" box="[975,1043,521,544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[121,157,1547,1568]" captionTargetBox="[117,748,151,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-613@11.[117,748,151,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Map showing distribution of Philoria in northern NSW and southeast Queensland based on museum vouchers. Symbols: O P. kundagungan, • P. loveridgei, P. pughi, Δ P. richmondensis, Z P. sphagnicolus, ^ species’ identity not determined." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757127/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Included in this distribution are four national parks (Werrikimbe, New
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<collectingCountry id="F3467612BD72FFDFAFC68A23FA88FD92" box="[1223,1316,550,573]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">England</collectingCountry>
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, Dorrigo and Bellinger River), two nature reserves (Mt Hyland and Mt Seaview), a number of timber reserves (Mt Banda Banda and Rimau Road) and several state forests (Brooklana, Marengo, Mistake, Mt Boss, Never Never, Nulla Five Day, Oakes, Ramornie, Styx River, and Wild Cattle Creek). The detection of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFA8CD8AD3FBDFFD42" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[972,1139,726,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8CD8AD3FBDFFD42" box="[972,1139,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Ramornie SF and just to the east of Glenn Innes represents substantial northern extensions to the range of the species. The Australian and Queensland Museums record
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<specimenCount id="9D57FD0BBD72FFDFAF798B2BFAADFCEA" box="[1144,1281,814,837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="generic">75 specimens</specimenCount>
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from 18 localities, and the NEFBS supplied another location in the Bulga SF. A further 23 locations were found during the course of the present study in the following catchments: Rosewood River, Wild Cattle Creek, Never Never River, Bellinger River, Nymboida River, Forbes River and Hastings River.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD72FFDEA8648BDBFE12F95E" blockId="10.[839,1467,403,2011]" lastBlockId="11.[121,748,1725,1777]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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The southern-most record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAFC48BDBFAD0FC5A" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1221,1404,990,1013]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
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<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAFC48BDBFAD0FC5A" box="[1221,1404,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with voucher specimens is Marsh SF
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFAFCD8BFEFA16FBBD" author="Wotherspoon, K" box="[1228,1466,1019,1042]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="36" refId="ref18360" refString="Wotherspoon, K., 1981. Note on the range of the sphagnum frog Philoria sphagnicolus. Herpetofauna 2: 36." type="journal article" year="1981">Wotherspoon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed a southern range extension for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAFE28C1CFA2FFB9F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1251,1411,1049,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAFE28C1CFA2FFB9F" box="[1251,1411,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from near the Barrington Tops Guest House, Barrington Tops NP with a report of large numbers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAF9C8C51FA92FBC4" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1181,1342,1108,1131]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAF9C8C51FA92FBC4" box="[1181,1342,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
foraging on rainforest leaf litter after two days of rain. We doubt the validity of this record for several reasons.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFAF908C8BFACDFB0A" author="Wotherspoon, K" box="[1169,1377,1166,1189]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="36" refId="ref18360" refString="Wotherspoon, K., 1981. Note on the range of the sphagnum frog Philoria sphagnicolus. Herpetofauna 2: 36." type="journal article" year="1981">Wotherspoon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the SVL of one specimen as
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFAF768CAEFB69FB6D" box="[1143,1221,1195,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The largest vouchered specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFA8CE8CCCFBDAFB4F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[975,1142,1225,1248]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8CE8CCCFBDAFB4F" box="[975,1142,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported to date (this study) is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFA8468CE3FC35FB52" box="[839,921,1254,1277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Unfortunately, no voucher specimens or photographs were taken and Wotherspoon’s is the only record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFA8468D24FC42FA97" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[839,1006,1313,1336]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8468D24FC42FA97" box="[839,1006,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Barrington Tops NP. Additionally, the site was unlike any other where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAFAB8D3BFAFFFAFA" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1194,1363,1342,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAFAB8D3BFAFFFAFA" box="[1194,1363,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found. It was not associated with a stream or running water, which is where large breeding congresses have been found. It is also the only report of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAF688D93FABDFA02" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1129,1297,1430,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAF688D93FABDFA02" box="[1129,1297,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being observed “foraging on leaf litter”. The present authors have never observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFA8AA8DD4FBE1FA47" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[939,1101,1489,1512]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8AA8DD4FBE1FA47" box="[939,1101,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the open, but always under some form of cover. During the course of the present study, the site reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFA8E88E0EFB68F98D" author="Wotherspoon, K" box="[1001,1220,1547,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="36" refId="ref18360" refString="Wotherspoon, K., 1981. Note on the range of the sphagnum frog Philoria sphagnicolus. Herpetofauna 2: 36." type="journal article" year="1981">Wotherspoon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was visited after heavy spring rain and large numbers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAFA98E2CFA2DF9EF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1192,1409,1577,1600]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Lechriodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAFA98E2CFA2DF9EF" box="[1192,1409,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Lechriodus fletcheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed moving around the leaf litter and at the edge of small ephemeral ponds on the forest floor.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAE3F8E61FC01F937" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Lechriodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAE3F8E61FC01F937" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Lechriodus fletcheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reasonably similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAEA48E84FC4EF91A" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAEA48E84FC4EF91A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
although it is much larger reaching a maximum recorded body length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFAFC88EBEFABAF97D" box="[1225,1302,1723,1746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFAE248EBEFA1AF97D" author="Moore, J" box="[1317,1462,1723,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="149 - 386" refId="ref17707" refString="Moore, J. A., 1961. The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum 121: 149 - 386." type="journal article" year="1961">Moore, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFA8468EDCFBBBF95F" author="Barker, J" box="[839,1047,1753,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refId="ref16682" refString="Barker, J., G. C. Grigg & M. J. Tyler, 1995. A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty & Sons." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Barker
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8998EDCFC65F95F" box="[920,969,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFAF258EDCFB17F95F" author="Cogger, H" box="[1060,1211,1753,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refId="ref16749" refString="Cogger, H. G., 1992. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. 5 th edition. Chatswood: Reed Books." type="book" year="1992">Cogger, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFAE018EDCFAE1F95F" box="[1280,1357,1753,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||
specimen measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFA8D58EF3FB19F8A2" author="Wotherspoon, K" box="[980,1205,1782,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="36" refId="ref18360" refString="Wotherspoon, K., 1981. Note on the range of the sphagnum frog Philoria sphagnicolus. Herpetofauna 2: 36." type="journal article" year="1981">Wotherspoon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
said to be of “average” size for the population, is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B67BD72FFDFAF628F16FB0DF885" box="[1123,1185,1811,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
larger than the maximum size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFA8A68F34FB9CF8E7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[935,1072,1841,1864]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Lechriodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8A68F34FB9CF8E7" box="[935,1072,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">L. fletcheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported in the literature. This discrepancy aside, we consider it likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAE3F8F4BFA17F8CA" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1342,1467,1870,1893]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Lechriodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAE3F8F4BFA17F8CA" box="[1342,1467,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">L. fletcheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was mistaken for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFAF0A8F69FB15F82C" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1035,1209,1900,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFAF0A8F69FB15F82C" box="[1035,1209,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, irrespective of whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDFA8D18F8CFBFDF80F" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[976,1105,1929,1952]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Lechriodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDFA8D18F8CFBFDF80F" box="[976,1105,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">L. fletcheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the mistaken species, the evidence outlined above strongly suggests that the population reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B73BD72FFDFAF558FC6FA95F875" author="Wotherspoon, K" box="[1108,1337,1987,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="36" refId="ref18360" refString="Wotherspoon, K., 1981. Note on the range of the sphagnum frog Philoria sphagnicolus. Herpetofauna 2: 36." type="journal article" year="1981">Wotherspoon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD72FFDEAEA68FC1FEA8F97B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD72FFDEAEA68FC1FEA8F97B" italics="true" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This report is therefore discarded in reviewing the distribution of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E660ABD73FFDEAB788E0EFF42F924" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757127/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" startId="11.[121,157,1547,1568]" targetBox="[117,748,151,1530]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD73FFDEAB788E0EFF42F924" blockId="11.[121,749,1547,1675]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Fig. 5. Map showing distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAAE68E0EFD94F98F" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1901" box="[487,568,1547,1568]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAAE68E0EFD94F98F" box="[487,568,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Philoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern NSW and southeast Queensland based on museum vouchers. Symbols: O
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAB9B8E44FEE0F9F9" baseAuthorityName="Ingram & Corben" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[154,332,1601,1622]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kundagungan">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAB9B8E44FEE0F9F9" box="[154,332,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. kundagungan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, •
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAA838E44FDBEF9F9" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1940" box="[386,530,1601,1622]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loveridgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAA838E44FDBEF9F9" box="[386,530,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. loveridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEA9468E44FD0FF9F9" authorityName="Knowles & Mahony & Armstrong & Donnellan" authorityYear="2004" box="[583,675,1601,1622]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pughi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEA9468E44FD0FF9F9" box="[583,675,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. pughi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Δ
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEA9D88E44FEA3F9DF" authorityName="Knowles & Mahony & Armstrong & Donnellan" authorityYear="2004" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richmondensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEA9D88E44FEA3F9DF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. richmondensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Z
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAA3E8E5EFE49F9DF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[319,485,1627,1648]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAA3E8E5EFE49F9DF" box="[319,485,1627,1648]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ^ species’ identity not determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD73FFDEAB788F0BFAD4FF45" blockId="11.[121,749,1806,2005]" lastBlockId="11.[794,1421,153,234]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAB788F0BFEF1F889" bold="true" box="[121,349,1806,1830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
. Listed under Schedule 2 of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F860BD73FFDEA9BA8F0BFEADF8ED" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAA0A8F29FD0AF8EC" box="[267,678,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Threatened Species Conservation Act</emphasis>
|
||
, 1995 as vulnerable. The reason for the listing is as follows: “Population and distribution suspected to be reduced; threatening processes severe; ecological specialist”. However, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAA668FA4FDA1F817" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[359,525,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAA668FA4FDA1F817" box="[359,525,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be the most secure of the five taxa studied here for the following reasons:
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEA81B889CFC8BFF1F" box="[794,807,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">a</emphasis>
|
||
As a result of the present study
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAF83889CFA84FF1F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1154,1320,153,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAF83889CFA84FF1F" box="[1154,1320,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known now from a total of 37 locations, more than double the 18 locations previously available in museum records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD73FFDEA81B8905FBC7FC88" blockId="11.[794,1422,256,807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEA81B8905FC8BFEB8" box="[794,807,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">b</emphasis>
|
||
There appears to be substantial suitable habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAE7B8905FC64FE9B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAE7B8905FC64FE9B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout its range. There are a great number of small rainforest streams originating at higher altitudes, and forming part of the four major catchments that drain from the Dorrigo and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467612BD73FFDEAFCE8970FA85FE23" box="[1231,1321,373,396]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Parks (Rosewood River, Bellinger River, Never Never River, Wild Cattle Creek). All of these represent potentially suitable habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAF8289C8FA87FE4B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1155,1323,461,484]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAF8289C8FA87FE4B" box="[1155,1323,461,484]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A cause for concern however, is the potential for damage to the habitat of populations in the Wild Cattle Creek catchment through logging operations in Wild Cattle Creek SF Additionally, development such as clearing for agriculture and forestry has reduced the amount of higher altitude rainforest and this is likely to have decreased the species’ abundance.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAF568A9EFAFBFD1D" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1111,1367,667,690]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAF568A9EFAFBFD1D" box="[1111,1367,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Philoria sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed to be in constant contact with water, hence any water pollution originating from agricultural practices affecting the headwaters of rainforest stream might also impact on local populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD73FFDEA81B8B39FC69FC49" blockId="11.[794,1422,828,998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEA81B8B39FC8AFCFC" box="[794,806,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">c</emphasis>
|
||
There appear to be very few barriers to dispersal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAE7B8B39FC69FCDE" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAE7B8B39FC69FCDE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout its range, the majority of which falls in national parks with extensive wilderness areas. The escarpment between Dorrigo NP and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467612BD73FFDEAE328B91FA21FC04" box="[1331,1421,916,939]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
NP is very steep and rugged and has a continuous cover of rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD73FFDEA81B8BFEFAA0FB52" blockId="11.[794,1422,1019,1277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEA81B8BFEFC8BFBBD" box="[794,807,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">d</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding congresses observed during the course of the present study were generally relatively small; seven locations had 10 or more calling males in a breeding congress, but two of these had 20 or more. These larger congresses were all observed during November after recent rainfall. Apart from populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAE228C8BFC2AFB6D" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAE228C8BFC2AFB6D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the largest breeding congress observed among the other species was eight calling males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAE798CCCFC66FB52" baseAuthorityName="Ingram & Corben" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kundagungan">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAE798CCCFC66FB52" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. kundagungan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Mt Superbus,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F860BD73FFDEAF848CE3FAA4FB52" box="[1157,1288,1254,1277]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3682BD73FFDEA8398D17FAC4F9E0" blockId="11.[794,1422,1298,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The conservation status of the genetically distinctive southern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D01BD73FFDEAF368D35FB46FAE8" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1079,1258,1328,1351]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Philoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphagnicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA90BD73FFDEAF368D35FB46FAE8" box="[1079,1258,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">P. sphagnicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs further attention. Only six localities are known, four localities are recorded near Elands including the Boorganna Nature Reserve (NR), and one each from Bulga and Marsh State Forests. The largest breeding congress recorded during the course of the present study was at Bulga SF where six calling males were observed. Boorganna NR, the only location that is part of the national park estate, is a very small isolated rainforest pocket surrounded by cleared farmland. The other localities are either on freehold land or in state forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |