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<mods:title id="39508374954095AC4DC6CF23C536B4EC">The morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequence analysis of a poorly-known brackish water ciliate, Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (Ciliophora, Colepidae) from Hangzhou Bay, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C0F0850BFE8A0E7DC113B5BB19CFF38">Lu, Borong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2AF4F9FE84B9AB3B3D3BEC1ABFF6402">Huang, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A37CE27FF12D996662DA1F7" blockId="1.[151,847,1472,1532]" box="[151,847,1472,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<heading id="D09281960A37CE27FF12D996662DA1F7" bold="true" box="[151,847,1472,1499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A37CE27FF12D996662DA1F7" authority="(Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al., 2008" authorityName="(Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[151,847,1472,1499]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FF12D996662DA1F7" bold="true" box="[151,847,1472,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FF12D99664D0A1F6" bold="true" box="[151,434,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FD49D996679DA1F6" bold="true" box="[716,767,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A37CE27FF12D9B364F6A1D1" blockId="1.[151,847,1472,1532]" box="[151,404,1508,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A37CE27FF1AD9B36466A1D1" box="[159,260,1508,1532]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1294,1317]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,899,922]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,193,1272]" captionTargetBox-2="[185,1378,186,898]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1273]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,161,905]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) from live cells (A – G), after silver carbonate impregnation (H, J), and after protargol impregnation (I). (A) Lateral view of a typical individual. (B) Anterior secondary plate. (C) Anterior main plate. (D) Posterior main plate. (E) Posterior secondary plate. (F) A squashed specimen showing the arrangement of plates. (G) Posterior view, arrows mark the posterior spines. (H) Lateral view, arrows denote the oral basket, arrowheads mark the extrusomes. (I) Anterior view, showing the oral structure, arrows indicate the adoral organelles. (J) Lateral view, showing the ciliary pattern. Scale bars (in A, J) = 30 μm; in (B – H) = 10 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the small subunit (SSU) rDNA of Pinacocoleps tesselatus and other colepids. Numbers at branching points show bootstrap values of 1,000 replicates for ML tree and posterior probability for Bayesian (BI) tree, respectively. Fully supported (100 % / 1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. The scale bar corresponds to 10 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Taxonomic classification mainly follows Lynn (2008). GenBank numbers follow species names." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/223946/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/223947/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A37CE27FE95D9B3640CA1D1" box="[272,366,1508,1532]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,512,533]" captionTargetBox="[159,1388,592,862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characteristics of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) from silver carbonate impregnated specimens. All measurements in μm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" tableUuid="DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A37CE27FEF9D9B364E9A1D1" box="[380,395,1508,1532]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A37CE27FF12DA7C6753A26C" blockId="1.[151,561,1579,1602]" box="[151,561,1579,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
Basionym: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A37CE27FE8EDA7B6753A26C" authority="Kahl, 1930" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[267,561,1579,1602]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Coleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FE8EDA7B64D8A26F" box="[267,442,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Coleps tesselatus</emphasis>
Kahl, 1930
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A37CE27FF12DA39666FA287" blockId="1.[151,1436,1646,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Since no data based on silver impregnations are available, we suggest an improved diagnosis here according to investigations on both current and previous populations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A37CE27FF4CDAE066AAA317" blockId="1.[151,1436,1646,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FF4CDAE064A1A2E2" bold="true" box="[201,451,1718,1743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Improved diagnosis:</emphasis>
About 60–85 μm in length 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FC9FDAE06609A2E3" box="[794,875,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">in vivo</emphasis>
, ovular shaped body; 21–25 ciliary rows, each composed of about 11 monokinetids and two perioral dikinetids; bar-shaped extrusomes mainly distributed along the oral basket; one terminal contractile vacuole; one macronucleus and one micronucleus; anterior and posterior main plates each with three teeth, respectively. Marine or brackish water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65710A37CE22FF4CDB1161C3A177" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A37CE24FF4CDB1164F5A549" blockId="1.[151,1436,1646,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FF4CDB1167ECA372" bold="true" box="[201,654,1862,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Description of the Ningbo population:</emphasis>
Body about 75–85 μm × 40–45 μm 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE27FBA3DB106110A373" box="[1062,1138,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">in vivo</emphasis>
, shape rather constant and long oval-shaped, ratio of length to width about 2:1, usually slightly narrowed in mid-body where the main armour plates abut, circular in cross-section. Anterior end transversely truncate and crown-like due to the pointed ends of the secondary tier plates; posterior end moderately rounded (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A37CE27FCF1DBE566A7A3E7" box="[884,965,1970,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A; 2A). One large, globular to slightly ellipsoidal macronucleus usually near mid-body, with an average length: width ratio of 1.1, about 15 μm across 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A37CE24FA03DB8065A4A49D" italics="true" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">in vivo</emphasis>
; one closely associated micronucleus about 4 μm across in size (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A34CE24FC3CDCC06167A482" box="[953,1029,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, D; 2J). One terminal contractile vacuole, about 10–15 μm in diameter, directed canal and excretory pore not detected. Extrusomes bar-shaped, located mainly in the oral opening, invisible 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD17DCB667BCA4D5" box="[658,734,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">in vivo</emphasis>
because of their small size (ca. 4 × 0.3 μm), darkly stained in the silver carbonate impregnated specimens (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A34CE24FD35DD536798A531" box="[688,762,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1294,1317]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1273]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) from live cells (A – G), after silver carbonate impregnation (H, J), and after protargol impregnation (I). (A) Lateral view of a typical individual. (B) Anterior secondary plate. (C) Anterior main plate. (D) Posterior main plate. (E) Posterior secondary plate. (F) A squashed specimen showing the arrangement of plates. (G) Posterior view, arrows mark the posterior spines. (H) Lateral view, arrows denote the oral basket, arrowheads mark the extrusomes. (I) Anterior view, showing the oral structure, arrows indicate the adoral organelles. (J) Lateral view, showing the ciliary pattern. Scale bars (in A, J) = 30 μm; in (B – H) = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H). Cytoplasm colorless, usually containing several food vacuoles (10 μm in diameter) and many granules (2–3 μm across). Swimming moderately fast in a counterclockwise helical path.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A34CE24FF12DADF61C2A39D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1672,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FF12DADF6474A2B0" bold="true" box="[151,278,1672,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Morphology and infraciliature of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FD06DADF6181A2B3" authority="(Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008" authorityName="(Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[643,1251,1672,1695]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD06DADF6615A2B3" box="[643,887,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FBF5DADE61C2A2B3" box="[1136,1184,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB70DADF6047A2B0" bold="true" box="[1269,1317,1672,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">A–E</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FAB8DADE64A7A291" authority="(Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010" authorityName="(Kahl, 1933) Chen et al." authorityYear="2010" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FAB8DADE60FEA2B3" box="[1341,1436,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. similis</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1933) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FEDFDAFF64E4A290" box="[346,390,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE56DAF0649CA290" bold="true" box="[467,510,1702,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">F, G</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FD90DAFF6169A291" authority="(Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010" authorityName="(Noland, 1937) Chen et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[533,1035,1703,1725]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="heteracanthus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD90DAFF67DCA290" box="[533,702,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. heteracanthus</emphasis>
(Noland, 1937) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC25DAFF66AEA290" box="[928,972,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB9FDAF0614CA291" bold="true" box="[1050,1070,1703,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">H</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FBC7DAFF658EA2F6" authority="(Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010" authorityName="(Bock, 1952) Chen et al." authorityYear="2010" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FBC7DAFF61DFA290" box="[1090,1213,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. arenarius</emphasis>
(Bock, 1952) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FA0FDAFF65C9A2F1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FF78DA916465A2F6" bold="true" box="[253,263,1734,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">I</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FE9BDA906782A2F6" authority="(Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010" authorityName="(Noland, 1937) Chen et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[286,736,1733,1756]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE9BDA9064E7A2F1" box="[286,389,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. spiralis</emphasis>
(Noland, 1937) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FDF5DA9067FDA2F1" box="[624,671,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD74DA91679CA2F6" bold="true" box="[753,766,1734,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">J</emphasis>
), 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC91DA9066E6A2F1" box="[788,900,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. i n c u r v u s</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB34DA906182A2F1" box="[1201,1248,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2008 (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FAB7DA916024A2F6" bold="true" box="[1330,1350,1734,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">K</emphasis>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FA0CDA906735A2D7" authority="(Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008" authorityName="(Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al." authorityYear="2008" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FA0CDA906587A2D7" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. pulcher</emphasis>
(Spiegel, 1926) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE6FDAB26775A2D7" box="[490,535,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FDE0DAB26714A2D7" bold="true" box="[613,630,1765,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L</emphasis>
). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD11DAB367C4A2D4" bold="true" box="[660,678,1764,1785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
) Lateral view of typical individual. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB9BDAB2614DA2D7" bold="true" box="[1054,1071,1765,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FECBDB556402A334" bold="true" box="[334,352,1794,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC85DB546670A335" bold="true" box="[768,786,1795,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
) Ciliary pattern of 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC58DB53613AA334" box="[989,1112,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. t e s s e l a t u s</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FBF4DB5461E0A335" bold="true" box="[1137,1154,1795,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FB16DB5360FEA337" authority="Kahl, 1930" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[1171,1436,1795,1818]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB16DB536072A334" box="[1171,1296,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
(from Kahl 1930). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FEE7DB756413A31A" bold="true" box="[354,369,1826,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FE04DB746704A315" authority="Kahl, 1933" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[385,614,1826,1848]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE04DB7464BFA315" box="[385,477,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. similis</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
(from Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD69DB74667BA315" box="[748,793,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">et al</emphasis>
. 2010). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FCFDDB7666EEA315" bold="true" box="[888,908,1825,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">G</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FC19DB7461E3A315" authority="Kahl, 1933" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[924,1153,1826,1848]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC19DB746695A315" box="[924,1015,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. similis</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
(from Borror 1972). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FAE3DB756018A31A" bold="true" box="[1382,1402,1826,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">H</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FA0CDB7464A8A37A" authority="Noland, 1937" authorityName="Noland" authorityYear="1937" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="heteracanthus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FA0CDB746444A37B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. heteracanthus</emphasis>
(Noland, 1937)
</taxonomicName>
(from Noland 1937). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD3DDB1667A0A37B" bold="true" box="[696,706,1857,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">I</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FD56DB1666BCA37B" authority="Bock, 1952" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="1952" box="[723,990,1856,1878]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD56DB16662CA37B" box="[723,846,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. arenarius</emphasis>
(Bock, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(from Bock 1952). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB32DB1661A1A37B" bold="true" box="[1207,1219,1857,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">J</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FB51DB1665B0A358" authority="Noland, 1937" authorityName="Noland" authorityYear="1937" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB51DB166059A37B" box="[1236,1339,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. spiralis</emphasis>
(Noland, 1937)
</taxonomicName>
(from Noland 1937). 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE3DDB0964B7A358" bold="true" box="[440,469,1886,1909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">(K</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE60DB376736A358" box="[485,596,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. i n c u r v u s</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC75DB086163A359" bold="true" box="[1008,1025,1887,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A34CE24FB97DB376042A358" authority="Spiegel, 1926" authorityName="Spiegel" authorityYear="1926" box="[1042,1312,1887,1909]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB97DB376118A358" box="[1042,1146,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">P. pulcher</emphasis>
(Spiegel, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
(from Kahl 1930). 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FF5ADB2A6467A3B9" bold="true" box="[223,261,1917,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">AO</emphasis>
= adoral organelle; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FE50DB2A6497A3B9" bold="true" box="[469,501,1917,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">AS</emphasis>
= anterior spine; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD29DB2A67B2A3B9" bold="true" box="[684,720,1917,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">CC</emphasis>
= caudal cilium; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FC03DB2A66CEA3B9" bold="true" box="[902,940,1917,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">CK</emphasis>
= circumoral kinety; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FB0EDB2961CDA3BE" bold="true" box="[1163,1199,1918,1939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Ma</emphasis>
= macronucleus; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FAE2DB2A60E4A3B9" bold="true" box="[1383,1414,1917,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Mi</emphasis>
= micronucleus; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FEA9DBCB642CA39E" bold="true" box="[300,334,1948,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">PC</emphasis>
= perioral ciliature; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD9BDBCB675EA39E" bold="true" box="[542,572,1948,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">PS</emphasis>
= posterior spine; 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A34CE24FD7FDBCB667EA39E" bold="true" box="[762,796,1948,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">SK</emphasis>
= somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A66720A35CE25FF12D9596147A191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223946/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1272]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A35CE25FF12D9596147A191" blockId="3.[151,1436,1294,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FF12D9596478A109" bold="true" box="[151,282,1294,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A35CE25FD96D95866C0A108" authority="Kahl, 1930" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[531,930,1295,1317]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FD96D95867F9A108" box="[531,667,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FD2CD9586669A108" box="[681,779,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
from live cells (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FBEDD95961F8A108" bold="true" box="[1128,1178,1294,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">A–G</emphasis>
), after silver carbonate impregnation (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FEAAD9796402A16E" bold="true" box="[303,352,1326,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">H, J</emphasis>
), and after protargol impregnation (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FD5ED9796787A16E" bold="true" box="[731,741,1326,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">I</emphasis>
). (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FC80D9796675A16E" bold="true" box="[773,791,1326,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">A</emphasis>
) Lateral view of a typical individual. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FB31D97961A7A16E" bold="true" box="[1204,1221,1326,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">B</emphasis>
) Anterior secondary plate. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FF5BD91C6592A14F" bold="true" box="[222,240,1355,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">C</emphasis>
) Anterior main plate. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FE5BD91B6492A14C" bold="true" box="[478,496,1356,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">D</emphasis>
) Posterior main plate. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FD61D91B6797A14C" bold="true" box="[740,757,1356,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">E</emphasis>
) Posterior secondary plate. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FB99D91B6149A14C" bold="true" box="[1052,1067,1356,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">F</emphasis>
) A squashed specimen showing the arrangement of plates. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FE0ED93D64FDA1AC" bold="true" box="[395,415,1386,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">G</emphasis>
) Posterior view, arrows mark the posterior spines. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FC33D93C66A8A1AD" bold="true" box="[950,970,1387,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">H</emphasis>
) Lateral view, arrows denote the oral basket, arrowheads mark the extrusomes. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FD8CD9DD6771A1B2" bold="true" box="[521,531,1418,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">I</emphasis>
) Anterior view, showing the oral structure, arrows indicate the adoral organelles. (
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FA02D9DD60F6A1B2" bold="true" box="[1415,1428,1418,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">J</emphasis>
) Lateral view, showing the ciliary pattern. Scale bars (in A, J) = 30 μm; in (B–H) = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A35CE25FF4CD9B16589A3FC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1509,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
Armour with 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A35CE25FEF6D9B26768A1D0" box="[371,522,1509,1533]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FEF6D9B26768A1D0" box="[371,522,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="54DE88580A35CE25FD94D9B16721A1D3" box="[529,579,1510,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">type</typeStatus>
plate (
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A35CE25FD26D9B06661A1D3" box="[675,771,1511,1534]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="incurvus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FD26D9B06661A1D3" box="[675,771,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">incurvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="54DE88580A35CE25FC8ED9B1665FA1D3" box="[779,829,1510,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">type</typeStatus>
in Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FC64D9B06178A1D0" box="[993,1050,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">et al</emphasis>
. 2008), composed of six tiers: circumoral tier, anterior secondary tier, anterior main tier, posterior main tier, posterior secondary tier, and caudal tier, each composing an average of 22 rectangular plates. Circumoral tiers hardly recognizable 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A35CE25FB5BDA78604FA26B" box="[1246,1325,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">in vivo</emphasis>
. Anterior secondary plates approximately triangular shape, about 15 μm in length, with acutely pointed anterior ends forming a crown-like pattern, each with three teeth and including two ciliary outlets, one or two of them with anterior spines (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A35CE25FF1ADACE6588A29C" box="[159,234,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B; 2B). Anterior main plates rectangular shape, approximately 25 μm long, usually with three conspicuous teeth, including four ciliary outlets (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A35CE25FDB4DAEA671EA2F8" box="[561,636,1725,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B; 2C). Posterior main plates rectangular shape, approximately 23 μm long, with three conspicuous teeth, and including three ciliary outlets (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A35CE25FC47DAB66172A2D4" box="[962,1040,1761,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B; 2D). Posterior secondary plates approximately trapezoidal, approximately 13 μm long, with single teeth, and including two ciliary outlets, rarely with sturdy posterior spines (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A35CE25FE6BDB7E675FA36C" box="[494,573,1833,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B; 2E). Caudal tier visible only in oblique or posterior polar views, with posterior spines up to 8 μm long (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A35CE25FDADDB1A6714A348" box="[552,630,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B; 2G). Fine structure of armour plates as shown in 
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A35CE25FB64DB1A604CA348" box="[1249,1326,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B; 2B–F: inconspicuous ovate windows near right plate margin; a serious of teeth on right edge arranged alternately with windows, connected with thickened longitudinal ridge by dominant bridges; left margin very smooth and slightly curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CDCC065A8A512" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
Oral opening occupying central region of anterior pole. Circumoral kinety composed of paired basal bodies, interrupted at site adoral organelles (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FDAADCEB670CA4F9" box="[559,622,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Three slightly obliquely arranged adoral organelles: organelles 1 and 2 each consisting of four pairs of kinetosomes; organelle 3 consisting of three pairs of kinetosomes (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FA81DC88602DA4DA" box="[1284,1359,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C; 
<date id="FFDB103A0A32CE22FAF1DC8860EDA4DA" box="[1396,1423,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">2I</date>
). Oral basket inconspicuous 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FE43DD526771A531" box="[454,531,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">in vivo</emphasis>
, distinct in silver carbonate impregnated specimens, and about 20 μm long (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FAEBDD5365C4A512" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1294,1317]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1273]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) from live cells (A – G), after silver carbonate impregnation (H, J), and after protargol impregnation (I). (A) Lateral view of a typical individual. (B) Anterior secondary plate. (C) Anterior main plate. (D) Posterior main plate. (E) Posterior secondary plate. (F) A squashed specimen showing the arrangement of plates. (G) Posterior view, arrows mark the posterior spines. (H) Lateral view, arrows denote the oral basket, arrowheads mark the extrusomes. (I) Anterior view, showing the oral structure, arrows indicate the adoral organelles. (J) Lateral view, showing the ciliary pattern. Scale bars (in A, J) = 30 μm; in (B – H) = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223946/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CDD1B6701A5E2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
Somatic cilia about 8 μm long and very regularly arranged, forming an average of 11 transverse circles and 22 longitudinal rows (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FEE8DD3864DBA5AA" box="[365,441,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D; 2G and 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A32CE22FDB9DD3867EDA5AA" box="[572,655,367,391]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,512,533]" captionTargetBox="[159,1388,592,862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characteristics of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) from silver carbonate impregnated specimens. All measurements in μm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" tableUuid="DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Anterior end of longitudinal ciliary rows with two dikinetids each, forming the perioral ciliature. Perioral portion curved rightwards underneath the adoral organelles (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FA87DDC3602DA581" box="[1282,1359,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C; 
<date id="FFDB103A0A32CE22FAF0DDC360EDA581" box="[1397,1423,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">2I</date>
). One caudal cilium about 25–30 μm long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E" ID-Table-UUID="DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" targetBox="[159,1388,592,862]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF12DE57676FA61E" blockId="4.[151,1435,512,564]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF12DE57646FA638" bold="true" box="[151,269,512,533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FD07DE576177A63B" authority="(Kahl, 1930)" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Kahl" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[642,1045,512,534]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FD07DE576619A63B" box="[642,891,512,534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
from silver carbonate impregnated specimens. All measurements in μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF1ADE07600EA770" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<table id="F965C45A0A3231D9FF1ADE07600EA773" box="[159,1388,592,862]" gridcols="9" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADE07600EA64B" box="[159,1388,592,614]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADE076484A64B" box="[159,486,592,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Characters</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DE076735A64B" box="[557,599,592,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Min</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDE0767ABA64B" box="[665,713,592,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Max</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DE076639A64B" box="[781,859,592,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Median</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DE07668FA64B" box="[947,1005,592,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Mean</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDE07613BA64B" box="[1081,1113,592,614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">SD</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DE0761D4A64B" box="[1174,1206,592,614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">SE</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DE076077A64B" box="[1266,1301,592,614]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">CV</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DE07600EA64B" box="[1363,1388,592,614]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADE2E600EA6A2" box="[159,1388,633,655]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADE2E6484A6A2" box="[159,486,633,655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Body length</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DE2E6735A6A2" box="[557,599,633,655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">73</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDE2E67ABA6A2" box="[665,713,633,655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">83</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DE2E6639A6A2" box="[781,859,633,655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">77.5</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DE2E668FA6A2" box="[947,1005,633,655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">78.0</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDE2E613BA6A2" box="[1081,1113,633,655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">3.3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DE2E61D4A6A2" box="[1174,1206,633,655]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.7</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DE2E6077A6A2" box="[1266,1301,633,655]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">4.2</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DE2E600EA6A2" box="[1363,1388,633,655]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADEF5600EA695" box="[159,1388,674,696]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADEF56484A695" box="[159,486,674,696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Body width</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DEF56735A695" box="[557,599,674,696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">61</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDEF567ABA695" box="[665,713,674,696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">68</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DEF56639A695" box="[781,859,674,696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">63.5</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DEF5668FA695" box="[947,1005,674,696]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">64.3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDEF5613BA695" box="[1081,1113,674,696]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">2.3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DEF561D4A695" box="[1174,1206,674,696]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.5</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DEF56077A695" box="[1266,1301,674,696]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">3.6</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DEF5600EA695" box="[1363,1388,674,696]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADE9C600EA6CC" box="[159,1388,715,737]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADE9C6484A6CC" box="[159,486,715,737]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Somatic kineties, number</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DE9C6735A6CC" box="[557,599,715,737]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">21</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDE9C67ABA6CC" box="[665,713,715,737]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">23</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DE9C6639A6CC" box="[781,859,715,737]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">22</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DE9C668FA6CC" box="[947,1005,715,737]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">21.9</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDE9C613BA6CC" box="[1081,1113,715,737]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.9</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DE9C61D4A6CC" box="[1174,1206,715,737]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.2</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DE9C6077A6CC" box="[1266,1301,715,737]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">4.1</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DE9C600EA6CC" box="[1363,1388,715,737]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADEA2600EA726" box="[159,1388,757,779]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADEA26484A726" box="[159,486,757,779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Transverse ciliary rows, number</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DEA26735A726" box="[557,599,757,779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">10</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDEA267ABA726" box="[665,713,757,779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">11</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DEA26639A726" box="[781,859,757,779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">11</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DEA2668FA726" box="[947,1005,757,779]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">10.9</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDEA2613BA726" box="[1081,1113,757,779]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.4</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DEA261D4A726" box="[1174,1206,757,779]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.1</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DEA26077A726" box="[1266,1301,757,779]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">3.4</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DEA2600EA726" box="[1363,1388,757,779]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADF49600EA719" box="[159,1388,798,820]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADF496484A719" box="[159,486,798,820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Macronucleus length</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DF496735A719" box="[557,599,798,820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">21</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDF4967ABA719" box="[665,713,798,820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">26</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DF496639A719" box="[781,859,798,820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">23</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DF49668FA719" box="[947,1005,798,820]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">23.1</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDF49613BA719" box="[1081,1113,798,820]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">1.4</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DF4961D4A719" box="[1174,1206,798,820]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DF496077A719" box="[1266,1301,798,820]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">6.1</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DF49600EA719" box="[1363,1388,798,820]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3231D9FF1ADF1F600EA773" box="[159,1388,840,862]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<th id="76845DC40A3231D9FF1ADF1F6484A773" box="[159,486,840,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Macronucleus width</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FDA8DF1F6735A773" box="[557,599,840,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">17</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FD1CDF1F67ABA773" box="[665,713,840,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">23</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC88DF1F6639A773" box="[781,859,840,862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">21</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FC36DF1F668FA773" box="[947,1005,840,862]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20.5</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FBBCDF1F613BA773" box="[1081,1113,840,862]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">1.7</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB13DF1F61D4A773" box="[1174,1206,840,862]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">0.4</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FB77DF1F6077A773" box="[1266,1301,840,862]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">8.3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3231D9FAD6DF1F600EA773" box="[1363,1388,840,862]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">20</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF12DF29607AA79E" blockId="4.[151,1436,894,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation in %, Max = maximum, Mean = arithmetic mean, Median = median value, Min = minimum, n = number of individuals examined, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error of arithmetic mean.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CDF8D61C3A177" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF4CDF8D64BAA7DE" bold="true" box="[201,472,986,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Phylogenetic analyses:</emphasis>
The SSU rDNA sequence is 1,641 bp long and available under Accession number 
<accessionNumber id="9436AB190A32CE22FF12DFA96473A03B" box="[151,273,1022,1046]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KC349950" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">KC349950</accessionNumber>
of GenBank database. In our preliminary analyses, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FC14DFA96152A03B" box="[913,1072,1022,1046]" class="Prostomatea" family="Prorodontidae" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Prorodontidae</taxonomicName>
is sister to the clade containing colepids and environmental samples. To further evaluate the phylogenetic position of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FBF6D873619CA016" box="[1139,1278,1059,1083]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FBF6D873619CA016" box="[1139,1278,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FF12D811646EA073" box="[151,268,1094,1118]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Colepidae</taxonomicName>
, we selected two 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FE52D8116720A073" box="[471,578,1094,1118]" class="Prostomatea" family="Prorodontidae" genus="Prorodon" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FE52D8116720A073" box="[471,578,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Prorodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as outgroups. Two clearly separated clades were recovered in both ML and 
<collectingCountry id="F372766A0A32CE22FF72D83C6471A0AF" box="[247,275,1131,1154]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">BI</collectingCountry>
methods: 1) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FE23D83B674CA0AE" box="[422,558,1131,1155]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FE23D83B674CA0AE" box="[422,558,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FDC9D83B67FFA0AE" box="[588,669,1132,1155]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Tiarina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FDC9D83B67FFA0AE" box="[588,669,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Tiarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FD39D83C660CA0AE" box="[700,878,1131,1155]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Nolandia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FD39D83C660CA0AE" box="[700,878,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Nolandia sinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FC09D83C6163A0AE" box="[908,1025,1131,1155]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Apocoleps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FC09D83C6163A0AE" box="[908,1025,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Apocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ML 85%, 
<collectingCountry id="F372766A0A32CE22FB06D83C61FDA0AF" box="[1155,1183,1131,1154]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">BI</collectingCountry>
0.94); 2) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FA88D83C60E7A0AE" box="[1293,1413,1131,1155]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Levicoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FA88D83C60E7A0AE" box="[1293,1413,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Levicoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FF12D8D9643CA08B" box="[151,350,1166,1190]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Nolandia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nolandi">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF12D8D9643CA08B" box="[151,350,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Nolandia nolandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FE05D8D964ACA08B" box="[384,462,1166,1190]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Coleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FE05D8D964ACA08B" box="[384,462,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Coleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ML 96%, 
<collectingCountry id="F372766A0A32CE22FDDDD8D86716A08B" box="[600,628,1167,1190]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">BI</collectingCountry>
1.00). Species in Clade I are marine or brackish organisms, while the Clade II are comprised of freshwater species with one exceptional sequence from uncultured marine sample (GenBank accession number EU446396). None of the undescribed environmental sequences groups closely with 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FA02D88F6466A13E" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FA02D88F6466A13E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, we couldn’t evaluate the genetic divergence within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FBF7D8AC606BA13E" box="[1138,1289,1275,1299]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FBF7D8AC606BA13E" box="[1138,1289,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as this is the first study in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FEABD94964A7A11B" box="[302,453,1310,1334]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FEABD94964A7A11B" box="[302,453,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described with molecular data. Thus, further molecular studies are required to provide more data to compare with its congeners and uncover more reliable phylogenies of colepids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65710A32CE23FF4CD930645BA3EF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CD9306197A1C7" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF4CD9306764A152" bold="true" box="[201,518,1382,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Remarks and comparison:</emphasis>
This species was first reported by Kahl (1930) from a marine and muddy moat in the Sylt Island, 
<collectingCountry id="F372766A0A32CE22FECAD9DD64D5A18F" box="[335,439,1418,1442]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Germany</collectingCountry>
with a brief description of the organism 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FC1DD9DB6684A18E" box="[920,998,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">in vivo</emphasis>
: 60–70 μm long, barrel-shaped body; anterior and posterior plates with three teeth; about 22–25 ciliary rows; three posterior spines (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FB54D9F96070A1EB" box="[1233,1298,1454,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A32CE22FAB2D9F960ECA1EB" box="[1335,1422,1454,1478]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The organism we isolated matches the descriptions by Kahl (1930); thus, its identity is not in doubt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CD9A164F6A27B" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
Kahl provided a brief and significant description of this species 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FC20D9A06691A223" box="[933,1011,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">in vivo</emphasis>
, but the infraciliature has never been investigated. Furthermore, while there is no 
<typeStatus id="54DE88580A32CE22FD2ADA4C67BDA21E" box="[687,735,1563,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
available, the specimens of the Ningbo population of are deposited as vouchers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CDA346674A327" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
Borror (1972) described a form under the name of 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FC8BDA3466B5A256" box="[782,983,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FC8BDA3466B1A256" box="[782,979,1635,1659]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Coleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">Coleps tesselatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which had an ovate to cylindrical body shape, 46–49 μm long after fixation in osmic acid fumes, anterior main plate with five teeth, and posterior main plate with three teeth, about 18 ciliary rows; three posterior spines (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A32CE22FC0CDAFD66AAA2EF" box="[905,968,1706,1730]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A32CE22FC6BDAFD6121A2EF" box="[1006,1091,1706,1730]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table 2</tableCitation>
). This isolate is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FF12DA996779A2CB" authority="Kahl, 1933" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,539,1742,1766]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF12DA99641DA2CB" box="[151,383,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps similis</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
, thus it is likely that Borror (1972) actually observed a population of the latter species rather than 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FEEBDAA46673A327" authority="Kahl, 1930" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[366,785,1778,1803]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FEEBDAA4671BA326" box="[366,633,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A32CE22FF4CDB4161CCA3CF" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FEABDB4F643DA303" box="[302,351,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
. (2008) resurrected the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FD35DB416625A303" box="[688,839,1814,1838]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FD35DB416625A303" box="[688,839,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
created by Diesing (1865), and provided an amended diagnosis: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FE94DB6D64E1A37F" box="[273,387,1850,1874]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Colepidae</taxonomicName>
with spiny armour composed of six tiers with plates of the 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FBABDB6B61FAA37E" box="[1070,1176,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">incurvus-</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DE88580A32CE22FB1DDB6C61A9A37E" box="[1176,1227,1851,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
, number of adoral organelles not known. So far seven nominal species have been assigned to this genus: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FB1CDB096730A3B7" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al., 2008" authorityName="(Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al." authorityYear="2008" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="incurvus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FB1CDB0960F9A35B" box="[1177,1435,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Pinacocoleps incurvus</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FE54DBD36761A3B6" box="[465,515,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FDD8DBD36109A3B7" authority="(Khal, 1930) Foissner et al., 2008" authorityName="(Khal, 1930) Foissner et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[605,1131,1922,1947]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FDD8DBD36784A3B6" box="[605,742,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
(Khal, 1930) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FC6FDBD36179A3B6" box="[1002,1051,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FBF3DBD3641DA393" authority="(Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al., 2008" authorityName="(Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al." authorityYear="2008" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FBF3DBD36185A3B6" box="[1142,1255,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. pulcher</emphasis>
(Spiegel, 1926) Foissner 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF78DBFF644DA393" box="[253,303,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FE0EDBFF648EA392" box="[395,492,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. s i m i l i s</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1933) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FD54DBFF6661A393" box="[721,771,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2010, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FCDBDBFF60FAA393" authority="(Noland, 1937) Chen et al., 2010" authorityName="(Noland, 1937) Chen et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[862,1432,1958,1983]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="heteracanthus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FCDBDBFF617BA393" box="[862,1049,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. heteracanthus</emphasis>
(Noland, 1937) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FA93DBFF6025A393" box="[1302,1351,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FF12DB9B6461A3CE" box="[151,259,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. s p i r a l i s</emphasis>
(Noland, 1937) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FD84DB9B6750A3CE" box="[513,562,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2010, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A32CE22FD38DB9B61C8A3CF" authority="(Bock, 1952) Chen et al., 2010" authorityName="(Bock, 1952) Chen et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[701,1194,1994,2019]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FD38DB9B6626A3CE" box="[701,836,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">P. arenarius</emphasis>
(Bock, 1952) Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A32CE22FBADDB9B613BA3CE" box="[1064,1113,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" ID-Table-UUID="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" box="[151,756,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" targetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" blockId="5.[151,756,152,174]" box="[151,756,152,174]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF12DCCF6466A480" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometric comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FDBEDCCF67A1A483" box="[571,707,152,174]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FDBEDCCF67A1A483" box="[571,707,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF1ADC9E60E3A745" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<table id="F965C45A0A3331D9FF1ADC9E60E3A7AB" box="[159,1409,201,902]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADC9E60E3A4D3" box="[159,1409,201,254]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADC9E6425A4D3" box="[159,327,201,254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Species</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDC9E6775A4D3" box="[393,535,201,254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Body shape</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DC9E6141A4D3" box="[595,1059,201,254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Body length, Number of Number of 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FDD6DCBE67F5A4D3" box="[595,663,233,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">in vivo</emphasis>
(μm) main plate teeth ciliary rows
</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DC9E61A3A4D3" box="[1107,1217,201,254]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Number of spines</th>
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DC9E60E3A4D3" box="[1261,1409,201,254]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">References</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADD4660E3A56B" box="[159,1409,273,326]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADD466425A56B" box="[159,327,273,326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADD456478A50A" box="[159,282,273,295]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADD456478A50A" box="[159,282,273,295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDD466775A56B" box="[393,535,273,326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FE0CDD456768A568" bold="true" box="[393,522,274,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Long oval-shaped</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DD466141A56B" box="[595,1059,273,326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FDD6DD466628A568" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">75–85 AMP: 3, 21–23 PMP: 3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DD4661A3A56B" box="[1107,1217,273,326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FBD6DD4661EDA568" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 3, AS: 2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DD4660E3A56B" box="[1261,1409,273,326]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FB68DD45601FA50A" bold="true" box="[1261,1405,274,295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Present work</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADD0E60E3A5A3" box="[159,1409,345,398]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADD0E6425A5A3" box="[159,327,345,398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADD0D6478A542" box="[159,282,345,367]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADD0D6478A542" box="[159,282,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDD0E6775A5A3" box="[393,535,345,398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Barrel-shaped</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DD0E6141A5A3" box="[595,1059,345,398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">60–70 AMP: 3, 22–25 PMP: 3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DD0E61A3A5A3" box="[1107,1217,345,398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 3, AS: 2</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DD0E60E3A5A3" box="[1261,1409,345,398]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Kahl (1930)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADDF660E3A5FB" box="[159,1409,417,470]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADDF66425A5FB" box="[159,327,417,470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADDF56444A59A" box="[159,294,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADDF5647FA59A" box="[159,285,417,439]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">P. tesselatus</taxonomicName>
*
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDDF66775A5FB" box="[393,535,417,470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Ovate to cylindrical</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DDF66141A5FB" box="[595,1059,417,470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">46–49** AMP: 5, ca. 18 PMP: 3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DDF661A3A5FB" box="[1107,1217,417,470]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 3, AS:?</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DDF660E3A5FB" box="[1261,1409,417,470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Borror (1972)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADDBE60E3A633" box="[159,1409,489,542]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADDBE6425A633" box="[159,327,489,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADDBD646EA5D2" box="[159,268,490,511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. i n c u r v u s</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDDBE6775A633" box="[393,535,489,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Curved cylindrical</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DDBE6141A633" box="[595,1059,489,542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">65–80 AMP: 7, 10–11 PMP: 7</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DDBE61A3A633" box="[1107,1217,489,542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 3, AS: 5</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DDBE60E3A633" box="[1261,1409,489,542]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Kahl (1930)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADE6660E3A64B" box="[159,1409,561,614]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADE666425A64B" box="[159,327,561,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADE656598A66A" box="[159,250,561,583]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADE656598A66A" box="[159,250,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDE666775A64B" box="[393,535,561,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Ovoid to barrel-shaped</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DE666141A64B" box="[595,1059,561,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">55–65 AMP: 5, 15 PMP: 4</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DE6661A3A64B" box="[1107,1217,561,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS:5–7, AS:?</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DE6660E3A64B" box="[1261,1409,561,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FAACDE656037A66A" box="[1321,1365,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADE2E60E3A683" box="[159,1409,633,686]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADE2E6425A683" box="[159,327,633,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADE2D6425A6A2" box="[159,327,633,655]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="heteracanthus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADE2D6425A6A2" box="[159,327,633,655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. heteracanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDE2E6775A683" box="[393,535,633,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Long oval-shaped</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DE2E6141A683" box="[595,1059,633,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">74–86 AMP: 9–11, ca. 22*** PMP: 7–9</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DE2E61A3A683" box="[1107,1217,633,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 6***, AS: 3***</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DE2E60E3A683" box="[1261,1409,633,686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Noland (1937)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADE9660E3A6DB" box="[159,1409,705,758]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADE966425A6DB" box="[159,327,705,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADE95647BA6FA" box="[159,281,706,727]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADE95647BA6FA" box="[159,281,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. arenarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDE966775A6DB" box="[393,535,705,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Rectangular</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DE966141A6DB" box="[595,1059,705,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">70–75 AMP: 3, ca. 25*** PMP: 3</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DE9661A3A6DB" box="[1107,1217,705,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 10 AS: 1</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DE9660E3A6DB" box="[1261,1409,705,758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Borror (1952)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADF5E60E3A713" box="[159,1409,777,830]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADF5E6425A713" box="[159,327,777,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADF5D6460A732" box="[159,258,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. p u l c h e r</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDF5E6775A713" box="[393,535,777,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Long oval</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DF5E6141A713" box="[595,1059,777,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">80–100 AMP: 10, 20–22 PMP: 10</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DF5E61A3A713" box="[1107,1217,777,830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 7, AS: 6</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DF5E60E3A713" box="[1261,1409,777,830]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Kahl (1930)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534B80A3331D9FF1ADF0660E3A7AB" box="[159,1409,849,902]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<th id="76845DC40A3331D9FF1ADF066425A7AB" box="[159,327,849,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF1ADF056466A74A" box="[159,260,849,871]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF1ADF056466A74A" box="[159,260,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FE0CDF066775A7AB" box="[393,535,849,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Barrel-shaped</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FDD6DF066141A7AB" box="[595,1059,849,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">ca. 50 AMP: 7–8, ca. 23 PMP: 5–6</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FBD6DF0661A3A7AB" box="[1107,1217,849,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PS: 3*** AS: 1***</td>
<td id="76845DC40A3331D9FB68DF0660E3A7AB" box="[1261,1409,849,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Noland (1937)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF12DFF067B1A7D4" blockId="5.[151,1436,934,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Data for taxon studied in the present paper are shown in bold. * = likely a misidentification (see text); ** = Specimens fixed 30 sec in osmic acid fumes; *** = Data counted from drawing;? = Data not available. AMP = anterior main plate; 
<collectingCountry id="F372766A0A33CE23FA94DF926053A7F7" box="[1297,1329,965,986]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">AS</collectingCountry>
= anterior spine; PMP = posterior main plate; PS = posterior spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF4CD8706178A0DF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1062,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Among these species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FE49D8716618A013" authority="Bock, 1952" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="1952" box="[460,890,1062,1086]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FE49D87167BBA013" box="[460,729,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps arenarius</emphasis>
(Bock, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FBD1D87F601EA013" authority="Kahl, 1930" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[1108,1404,1062,1087]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FBD1D87F6182A013" box="[1108,1248,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
(Kahl, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
in terms of body length (70–75 μm vs. 75–85 μm) and its plate characters. Both have very weak ovate windows, anterior and posterior main plates with three teeth respectively. The fine structure of the armour plates and morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FE53D8C3673FA086" box="[470,605,1172,1195]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FE53D8C3673FA086" box="[470,605,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. arenarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were insufficiently described, but it can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FB74D8C3601BA086" box="[1265,1401,1171,1195]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FB74D8C3601BA086" box="[1265,1401,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following features: body shape (rectangular, and laterally flattened vs. long oval-shaped, circular in crosssection), the number of posterior spines (10 vs. 3) (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A33CE23FD56D88D6671A0DF" box="[723,787,1242,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Fig. 
<date id="FFDB103A0A33CE23FC82D88D6671A0DF" box="[775,787,1242,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">1</date>
</figureCitation>
I; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A33CE23FCA8D88D66E1A0DF" box="[813,899,1242,1266]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table 2</tableCitation>
; Bock 1952).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF4CD8A96130A23F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1062,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Morphologically, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FE11D8A967C0A13B" box="[404,674,1278,1302]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FE11D8A967C0A13B" box="[404,674,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FCBBD95766C0A13A" box="[830,930,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. s i m i l i s</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FC67D957613EA13A" box="[994,1116,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. i n c u r v u s</emphasis>
. It is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FA02D9576582A116" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FA02D9576582A116" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the structure of its armour plates: 1) each anterior secondary plate with single acutely pointed anterior end (vs. with two sharp anterior ends in 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FDE6D91F67A7A172" box="[611,709,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. s i m i l i s</emphasis>
); 2) anterior main plate with three teeth and four ciliary outlets (vs. five teeth and six ciliary outlets 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FDB7D93B67D7A1AE" box="[562,693,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FDD5D93B67D7A1AE" box="[592,693,1387,1411]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">P. similis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
); 3) a thick bridge connecting teeth to ridge present (vs. absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF12D9C7659EA18B" box="[151,252,1422,1447]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF12D9C7659EA18B" box="[151,252,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and; three posterior spines (vs. at least five in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FC97D9C76615A18B" box="[786,887,1422,1447]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FC97D9C76615A18B" box="[786,887,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A33CE23FC15D9D966ADA18B" box="[912,975,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A33CE23FC74D9D96122A18B" box="[1009,1088,1422,1446]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table2</tableCitation>
; Kahl 1933; Chen 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FA91D9C76027A18B" box="[1300,1349,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">et al</emphasis>
. 2010). 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF12D9E464C6A1E6" box="[151,420,1459,1483]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF12D9E464C6A1E6" box="[151,420,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished from 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FD0ED9E36667A1E6" box="[651,773,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. i n c u r v u s</emphasis>
, bybody shape (long oval-shaped vs. curved cylindrical); the number of anterior and posterior main plate teeth respectively (3, 3 vs. 7, 7); the number of ciliary rows (21–23 vs. 10–11); and the number of anterior spines (2 vs. 5) (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A33CE23FC80D9AD6627A23F" box="[773,837,1530,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
K; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A33CE23FCEFD9AD66A2A23F" box="[874,960,1530,1554]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table 2</tableCitation>
; Kahl 1930).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF4CDA4967E9A2C7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1062,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF4CDA4964B6A21B" box="[201,468,1566,1590]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF4CDA4964B6A21B" box="[201,468,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FD02DA776796A21A" box="[647,756,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. p u l c h e r</emphasis>
in the long oval-shaped outline, the body length (60–90 μm vs. ca. 100 μm), and the number of ciliary rows (21–25 vs. 20–22). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FBB3DA146027A276" box="[1078,1349,1603,1627]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FBB3DA146027A276" box="[1078,1349,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FEC2DA3F64DBA253" box="[327,441,1638,1663]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FEC2DA3F64DBA253" box="[327,441,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. pulcher</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the structure of the armour plate: 1) thicken bridge connecting teeth to ridge present (vs. absent in 
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FEB3DADB64C7A28E" box="[310,421,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. p u l c h e r</emphasis>
); 2) shape of left plate margin (very smooth and slightly curved vs. slightly serrated); 3) the number of main plate teeth (3 vs. 10); 4) the number of anterior and posterior spines respectively (2, 3 vs. 6, 7) (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A33CE23FF1ADA8565BDA2C7" box="[159,223,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
L; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A33CE23FE84DA856435A2C7" box="[257,343,1746,1770]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table 2</tableCitation>
; Kahl 1930; Spiegel 1926).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA0A33CE23FF4CDAA1645BA3EF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1062,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Noland (1937) described two species, namely 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FD51DAA16172A323" box="[724,1040,1782,1806]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="heteracanthus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FD51DAA16172A323" box="[724,1040,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps heteracanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FBD5DAAF61A2A323" box="[1104,1216,1782,1807]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FBD5DAAF61A2A323" box="[1104,1216,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which resemble 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FA02DAAF6466A31E" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FA02DAAF6466A31E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FE0FDB4C6743A31E" box="[394,545,1819,1843]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FE0FDB4C6743A31E" box="[394,545,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Pinacocoleps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="54DE88580A33CE23FDADDB4C6738A31E" box="[552,602,1819,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">type</typeStatus>
plate, long oval or barrel-shaped body, and about 22–23 ciliary rows. However, these two can be clearly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FD76DB176619A37B" box="[755,891,1854,1879]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FD76DB176619A37B" box="[755,891,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of main plates teeth (9–11, 7– 
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F0A33CE23FAF6DB6960FEA37B" box="[1395,1436,1854,1878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FF12DB336431A356" box="[151,339,1891,1915]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="heteracanthus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FF12DB336431A356" box="[151,339,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. heteracanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 7–8, 5– 
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F0A33CE23FE3CDB356487A357" box="[441,485,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FE68DB33673DA356" box="[493,607,1891,1915]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FE68DB33673DA356" box="[493,607,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3, 3 in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FD47DB33662EA356" box="[706,844,1891,1915]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FD47DB33662EA356" box="[706,844,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D790A33CE23FC75DB336103A356" box="[1008,1121,1891,1915]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" genus="Pinacocoleps" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Prostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B911EAE80A33CE23FC75DB336103A356" box="[1008,1121,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">P. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from other congeners by the longitudinal rows of plates arranged in a definitely spiral torsion (
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F0A33CE23FB3CDBD16061A3B3" box="[1209,1283,1926,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,427,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1648]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology and infraciliature of Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al. 2008 (A – E), P. similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. 2010 (F, G), P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (H), P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) Chen et al. 2010 (I), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) Chen et al. 2010 (J), P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1833) Foissner et al. 2008 (K), and P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) Foissner et al. 2008 (L). (A) Lateral view of typical individual. (B) One row of plates. The circumoral plate is omitted. (C) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (D) Ciliary pattern of P. t e s s e l a t u s. (E) P. tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) (from Kahl 1930). (F) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Chen et al. 2010). (G) P. similis (Kahl, 1933) (from Borror 1972). (H) P. heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (I) P. arenarius (Bock, 1952) (from Bock 1952). (J) P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) (from Noland 1937). (K) P. i n c u r v u s (Ehrenberg, 1933) (from Kahl 1930). (L) P. pulcher (Spiegel, 1926) (from Kahl 1930). AO = adoral organelle; AS = anterior spine; CC = caudal cilium; CK = circumoral kinety; Ma = macronucleus; Mi = micronucleus; PC = perioral ciliature; PS = posterior spine; SK = somatic kinety. Scale bars = 30 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
H, J; 
<tableCitation id="C6E703410A33CE23FAC4DBD160F5A3B3" box="[1345,1431,1926,1950]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1409,201,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of Pinacocoleps spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="DF1A66720A33CE23FF12DCCF6796A483">Table 2</tableCitation>
; Noland 1937).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>