treatments-xml/data/03/CC/87/03CC87E4FFB0436FFF02C4F78CBEFB9F.xml
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<document id="D7E00F48903116607E7CA4ED09E1CC98" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245475" ID-ZooBank="BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461250260060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zuparko, Robert L." docDate="2015" docId="03CC87E4FFB0436FFF02C4F78CBEFB9F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04017p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4017 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Trichomasthus Thomson 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFF5FF9CFF84435BFF95C5638839FF90" masterDocTitle="Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698607410885" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3EDE13B9D8AD3005885E00C7D28EF0F7">Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A23A08B7F6559DEEE369C8B9FF91E33A">Zuparko, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5777D5511E6202E7FA0899EE4226B995">2015</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF02C4F78A32FE3E" blockId="52.[151,523,404,430]" box="[151,523,404,430]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D092819EFFB0436FFF02C4F78A32FE3E" bold="true" box="[151,523,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFF02C4F78A32FE3E" ID-CoL="7ZF4" ID-ENA="355437" authority="Thomson 1876" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,523,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trichomasthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF02C4F78A32FE3E" bold="true" box="[151,523,404,430]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF02C4F78975FE3E" bold="true" box="[151,332,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Trichomasthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFEC1C4F78A32FE3E" author="Thomson" box="[340,523,404,430]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1876) Skandinaviens Hymenoptera. Vol. 4. Berling, Lund, 192 pp." type="book" year="1876">Thomson 1876</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF02C4B989C6FE63" blockId="52.[151,511,474,499]" box="[151,511,474,499]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF02C4B988D8FE63" bold="true" box="[151,225,474,499]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFF7DC4B9895AFE63" box="[232,355,474,499]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFEF8C4B989C6FE63" box="[365,511,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB0436FFF02C74189FDFDAB" box="[151,452,546,571]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF02C74189FDFDAB" blockId="52.[151,1436,546,895]" box="[151,452,546,571]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFB0436FFF02C74189FDFDAB" box="[151,452,546,571]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFF02C74189FDFDAB" ID-CoL="58F6X" authority="Mercet 1923: 49" authorityName="Mercet" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,452,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trichomasthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF02C741893DFDAB" box="[151,260,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">coeruleus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFB0436FFE9EC74089FDFDAB" author="Mercet" box="[267,452,547,571]" page="49" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFE9EC74089A4FDAB" author="Mercet" box="[267,413,547,571]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Mercet, R. G. (1923) Adiciones a la fauna espanola de Encirtidos (Hym. Chalc.) 2 a nota. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanol de Historia Natural, 23, 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1923">Mercet 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 49
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB0436FFF52C725895CFDCF" box="[199,357,582,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF52C725895CFDCF" blockId="52.[151,1436,546,895]" box="[199,357,582,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFB0436FFF52C7258939FDCF" box="[199,256,582,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF52C7258939FDCF" bold="true" box="[199,256,582,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type</emphasis>
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.
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFB0436FFE9AC724895CFDCF" box="[271,357,583,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNMS</collectionCode>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB0436FFF52C7098A7BFD36" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF52C7098AB5FD13" blockId="52.[151,1436,546,895]" box="[199,652,618,643]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF52C7098959FD13" bold="true" box="[199,352,618,643]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
E (Alameda, San Joaquin)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF52C7ED8A7BFD36" blockId="52.[151,1436,546,895]" box="[199,578,654,679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF52C7ED895AFD37" bold="true" box="[199,355,654,679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFEFFC7EC8A7BFD36" box="[362,578,655,678]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFEFFC7EC8A7BFD36" box="[362,578,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Eriococcus spurius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB0436FFF52C7D18CBEFB9F" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF52C7D18A54FCEE" blockId="52.[151,1436,546,895]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF52C7D18902FD5B" bold="true" box="[199,315,690,715]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
In 1939 and
<date id="FFDB1032FFB0436FFE4BC7D18A79FD5B" box="[478,576,690,715]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1949" valueMax="1950">194950</date>
a species then identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFC04C7D78C1CFD5B" box="[913,1061,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trichomasthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanifrons">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFC04C7D78BA7FD5B" box="[913,926,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFC25C7D08C1CFD5B" box="[944,1061,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">cyanifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was imported from Europe and released in southern California in a biocontrol program against
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFCFFC7B48BE7FD7E" box="[874,990,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFCFFC7B48B42FD7E" box="[874,891,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFC1EC7B48BE7FD7E" box="[907,990,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">spurius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but failed to establish (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFB67C7B58DAEFD7F" author="Flanders" box="[1266,1431,726,751]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Flanders, S. E. (1952) A parasite of the European elm scale established in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 45, 1078 - 1079. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 45.6.1078" type="journal article" year="1952">Flanders 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFF02C7998906FC83" author="Bartlett" box="[151,319,762,787]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 b) Eriococcidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 129 - 131." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Bartlett 1978b</bibRefCitation>
, cited by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFE22C7988A7EFC83" author="Noyes" box="[439,583,763,787]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Noyes, J. S. 2010. Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 3. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 84, 1 - 848." type="journal article" year="2010">Noyes 2010</bibRefCitation>
). However, subsequent importations of a species initially identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFA12C79F8935FCA7" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trichomasthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanifrons">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFA12C79F8DADFC83" box="[1415,1428,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF02C67C8935FCA7" box="[151,268,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">cyanifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<quantity id="4C9D9B17FFB0436FFEA1C67D89E8FCA7" box="[308,465,798,823]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.96062" metricValueMax="4.96316" metricValueMin="4.95808" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="1953.0" valueMax="1954.0" valueMin="1952.0">
<date id="FFDB1032FFB0436FFEA1C67D8988FCA7" box="[308,433,798,823]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1952" valueMax="1954">19521954</date>
in
</quantity>
central and northern California did result in establishment—this imported agent was later determined to be
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFE00C6278B69FCCB" authority="Dreistadt &amp; Hagen 1994" authorityName="Dreistadt &amp; Hagen" authorityYear="1994" box="[405,848,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trichomasthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFE00C627899AFCCB" box="[405,419,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFE24C6218A27FCCB" box="[433,542,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">coeruleus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFDB8C6218B71FCCB" author="Dreistadt" box="[557,840,834,859]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Dreistadt, S. H. &amp; Hagen, K. S. (1994) European elm scale (Homoptera: Eriococcidae) abundance and parasitism in northern California. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 70, 240 - 252." type="journal article" year="1994">Dreistadt &amp; Hagen 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFCC9C6208BCCFCCB" author="Noyes" box="[860,1013,835,859]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2001) Interactive catalogue of world Chalcidoidea, Taxapad CD. Vancouver, Canada." type="book" year="2001">Noyes (2001)</bibRefCitation>
lists two hosts for this species—both of which are invalid names for
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFE61C6048A5FFCEE" box="[500,614,871,894]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurius">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFE61C6048A5FFCEE" box="[500,614,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">E. spurius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF02C6CC88FCFC56" blockId="52.[151,1436,943,1039]" box="[151,197,943,966]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">spp.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB0436FFF52C6B18CBEFB9F" blockId="52.[151,1436,943,1039]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF52C6B18902FC7B" bold="true" box="[199,315,978,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
Specimens representing four additional morphospecies were collected from Alameda, Contra Costa, Imperial, Lassen, Marin, Orange and Tuolumne counties (RLZC, UCDC, UCFC, UCRC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>