202 lines
23 KiB
XML
202 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D9AAC6C79CAAE4E62ADAF525F4F039C2">Neotropical Allocladius Kieffer, 1913 and Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932 (Diptera: Chironomidae) 2472</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C09F8B6BC9DCAB408EF6E3A4332BA700">2010</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BFEBA05DF695B" ID-CoL="9G2D9" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[151,384,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFEBA057F695B" bold="true" box="[151,288,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allocladius</emphasis>
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Kieffer
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFE7A058B6998" blockId="4.[151,1436,397,580]" box="[151,468,397,420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2BB8BFE7A058E6998" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,465,397,420]" page="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BFE7A058E6998" ID-CoL="9G2D9" authority="Kieffer, 1913: 28" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,465,397,420]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFE7A054E6998" box="[151,273,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allocladius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2BA0BFE7A058E6998" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[279,465,397,420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref43879" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1913) Chironomidae et Cecidomyidae. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912). Resultats scientifiques. Insectes Dipteres, 1, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1913">Kieffer, 1913: 28</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFE5A010F69F8" blockId="4.[151,1436,397,580]" box="[151,1360,429,452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BFE5A053869F8" ID-CoL="9G2D9" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[151,359,429,452]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFE5A054F69F8" box="[151,272,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allocladius</emphasis>
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Kieffer
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2BA6DFE5A06B569F8" author="Freeman, P. & Cranston, P. S." box="[369,746,429,452]" page="181" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2BA6DFE5A06B569F8" author="Freeman, P. & Cranston, P. S." box="[369,746,429,452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="175 - 202" refId="ref43581" refString="Freeman, P. & Cranston, P. S. (1980) 11. Family Chironomidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 175 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston (1980: 181)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2B9E9FE5A07FA69F8" author="Ashe, P." box="[757,933,429,452]" page="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2B9E9FE5A07FA69F8" author="Ashe, P." box="[757,933,429,452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref43171" refString="Ashe, P. (1983) A catalogue of chironomid genera and subgenera of the world including synonyms (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 17, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1983">Ashe (1983: 10)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Ferrington and Saether (in manuscript).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFE3A065169D8" blockId="4.[151,1436,397,580]" box="[151,526,461,484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB79CE159917FFB2BB8BFE3A065169D8" box="[151,526,461,484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2BB8BFE3A065569D8" author="Tuiskunen, J." box="[151,522,461,484]" page="121" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1984">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BFE3A065569D8" ID-CoL="62YQL" authority="Tuiskunen, 1984: 121" authorityName="Tuiskunen" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,522,461,484]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lindebergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFE3A054769D8" box="[151,280,461,484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lindebergia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2BA03FE3A065569D8" author="Tuiskunen, J." box="[287,522,461,484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="121 - 122" refId="ref44617" refString="Tuiskunen, J. (1984) Lindebergia bothnica, gen. n., sp. n. (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Finland. Annales entomologici fennicae, 50, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1984">Tuiskunen, 1984: 121</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFE1A07116A18" blockId="4.[151,1436,397,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB79CE159917FFB2BB8BFE1A07116A18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2BB8BFE1A07D86A38" author="Cranston, P. S. & Oliver, D. R." box="[151,903,493,516]" page="165" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1956">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BFE1A07D86A38" ID-CoL="9HGY9" authority="Brundin, 1956: 165 sensu Cranston and Oliver, 1988: 449" authorityName="Cranston and Oliver" authorityPageNumber="449" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,903,493,516]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Prosmittia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFE1A05586A38" box="[151,263,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prosmittia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2BA13FE1A05BD6A38" author="Brundin, L." box="[271,482,493,516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="5 - 185" refId="ref43207" refString="Brundin, L. (1956) Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae (Dipt., Chironomidae). Reports from the Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, 37, 5 - 185." type="journal article" year="1956">Brundin, 1956: 165</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BAF7FE1A06796A38" box="[491,550,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2B932FE1A07D86A38" author="Cranston, P. S. & Oliver, D. R." box="[558,903,493,516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="425 - 462" refId="ref43294" refString="Cranston, P. S. & Oliver, D. R. (1988) Additions and corrections to the Nearctic Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Canadian Entomologist, 120, 425 - 462." type="journal article" year="1988">Cranston and Oliver, 1988: 449</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pro parte, misidentification;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2BFD5FE1A01C86A38" author="Oliver, D. R." box="[1225,1431,493,516]" page="177" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2BFD5FE1A01C86A38" author="Oliver, D. R." box="[1225,1431,493,516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref44052" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1963) Entomological studies in the Lake Hazen area, Ellesmere Island, including lists of species of Arachnida, Collembola, and Insecta. Arctic, 16, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1963">Oliver (1963: 177)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC8CF2A9917FFB2BBDBFDFA058B6A18" author="Saether, O. A. & Sublette, J. E. & Willassen, E." box="[199,468,525,548]" page="270" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2BBDBFDFA058B6A18" author="Saether, O. A. & Sublette, J. E. & Willassen, E." box="[199,468,525,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="249 - 275" refId="ref44422" refString="Saether, O. A., Sublette, J. E. & Willassen, E. (1984) Chironomidae (Diptera) from the 2 nd Fram Expedition (1898 - 1902) to Arctic North America described by J. J. Kieffer. Entomologica scandinavica, 15, 249 - 275." type="journal article" year="1984">
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Saether
|
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BA0BFDFA05126A18" box="[279,333,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
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(1984: 270)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. See
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2B917FDFA07156A18" author="Saether, O. A. & Ferrington, L. C. Jr." box="[523,842,525,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="257 - 262" refId="ref44374" refString="Saether, O. A. & Ferrington, L. C. Jr. (1993) Redescription of Prosmittia jemtlandica (Brundin, 1947), with a review of the genus. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 66, 257 - 262." type="journal article" year="1993">Saether and Ferrington (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFDDA05A06A78" blockId="4.[151,1436,397,580]" box="[151,511,557,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BFDDA05716A78" ID-CoL="9G2R2" authorityName="Edwards. However, Ferrington and Saether" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,302,557,580]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFDDA05716A78" box="[151,302,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudosmittia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
auct. nec Edwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="C373BAB09917FFB2BB8BFD9D07146EA0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFD9D06E96AB8" blockId="4.[151,694,618,644]" box="[151,694,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFD9D05666AB8" bold="true" box="[151,313,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D257999917FFB2BB8BFD9D048B6AB8" box="[151,212,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BA5CFD9D06ED6AB8" ID-CoL="BVLH" authority="Kieffer, 1913" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" box="[320,690,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BA5CFD9D06546ABF" box="[320,523,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allocladius niger</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF894CA9917FFB2B90EFD9D06ED6AB8" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[530,690,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref43879" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1913) Chironomidae et Cecidomyidae. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912). Resultats scientifiques. Insectes Dipteres, 1, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1913">Kieffer, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BB8BFD4206036C1E" blockId="4.[151,1436,693,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BFD4205EE6AF3" bold="true" box="[151,433,693,719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
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||
The imagines are separable from other
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2B881FD4200146AF3" ID-CoL="9CJ7H" box="[925,1099,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with bare eyes, wings, and squama, by having 4–16 short non-scalpellate acrostichals in mid-scutum without additional tubercle, hump or microtrichial tuft; non-extended, non-protruding eyes; antepronotal lobes not reduced medially; supraalars usually present; anal lobe of wing mostly well developed, costa not extended to moderately long, VR high, Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17EDEB7E9917FFB2BBA5FCAD049E6B54" attach="left" box="[185,193,858,872]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</subScript>
|
||
sinuate to slightly curved. Male anal point usually placed forward on tergite IX on microtrichiose and setose base, apical part short to long, parallel-sided to slightly tapering, free of microtrichia at least at apex; single, plate- to spine-like, median virga; pars ventralis often present; superior volsella absent or more often present and bulge-like; male gonostylus simple. Female genitalia with gonocoxite IX long and low with characteristic sclerotized margin against tergite IX, tergite IX divided, small dorsomedian lobe, large ventrolateral lobe, and spermathecal duct with loop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BBDAFBDA06F16CE0" blockId="4.[151,1436,693,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The pupae can be separated from other orthoclads by lacking a thoracic horn, having short frontal setae on frontal apotome, reduced or smoothly rounded anal lobe with fine hair-like anal macrosetae; three precorneals and two median antepronotals all fine and hair-like; conjunctives both dorsally and ventrally armed with similar sized spinules. Tergites II–VII with anterior and posterior spinules clearly larger than median spinules, resulting in a transversely striped appearance.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BBDAFB1F06C76E3B" blockId="4.[151,1436,693,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The larvae are separable from all other orthoclads except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2B865FB1F017D6D3E" ID-CoL="3GJ2" authority="van der Wulp, 1874" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[889,1314,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Camptocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2B865FB1F00756D3D" box="[889,1066,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Camptocladius</emphasis>
|
||
van der Wulp, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BE2CFB1F05116D1B" ID-CoL="9G2R2" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards. However, Ferrington and Saether" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BE2CFB1F04846D1B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudosmittia</emphasis>
|
||
Edwards
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the new genus (Ferrington & Saether in manuscript) by having broad, bifid S I and S II, reduced antenna, and no procerci. They differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2B81CFAC407EE6D70" ID-CoL="3GJ2" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[768,945,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Camptocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2B81CFAC407EE6D70" box="[768,945,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Camptocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having posterior parapods with claws and premandible with brush. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2B920FAAF06BD6D4D" ID-CoL="9G2R2" authorityName="Edwards. However, Ferrington and Saether" authorityYear="1932" box="[572,738,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2B920FAAF06BD6D4D" box="[572,738,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudosmittia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they differ by having posterior parapods with 7–11 claws, mandible with 4 inner teeth, and antennal blade extending beyond flagellum about as long as width of basal segment. From the new genus they differ by having mandible with 4 inner teeth combined with about 40 longer claws on anterior parapods. They have a mentum with 4–5 pairs of lateral teeth, at most 1 anal seta, and posterior parapods longer than anal tubules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6E93B9917FFB2BBDAF9E507146EA0" blockId="4.[151,1436,693,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
A more complete diagnosis and description will be given by Ferrington and Saether (in manuscript). The genus can be divided in a basal paraphyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2B9BFF9CF07686E6D" authorityName="Andersen & Saether & Mendes" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Andersen & Saether & Mendes" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[675,823,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortispinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2B9BFF9CF07686E6D" box="[675,823,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">fortispinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and a monophyletic collection of four groups of which the
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BA2EF9A905FE6E4B" box="[306,417,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">longicrus</emphasis>
|
||
group includes all the Neotropical species except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BF07F9A9008F6E4B" authorityName="Andersen & Saether & Mendes" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Andersen & Saether & Mendes" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1051,1232,1630,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortispinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BF07F9A9008F6E4B" box="[1051,1232,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. fortispinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A subgroup, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6992B89917FFB2BB8BF97405446EA0" authorityName="Andersen & Saether & Mendes" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Andersen & Saether & Mendes" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[151,283,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Allocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91D35299917FFB2BB8BF97405446EA0" box="[151,283,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bilobulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group contains all species with a pars ventralis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |