863 lines
110 KiB
XML
863 lines
110 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7BC8454FE2299C07CE94F469C0ADD306">Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0BC1A616E8EC09BEF5B15AC1EE71664">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0FBC5167D56343C97758EE0340A85D1">Bentlage, Bastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8518D36996045DC219B8D5EBB01DBF4">Yanagihara, Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="505040ED86209953A1D5452044967972">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7D7BBD0A8DA1409155CE1779AD48E9AB">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FF44AD5127176BF969239265FAE66C63">4543</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFEBF01714B9F88FDD5C9ABC" box="[151,631,700,726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9F88FDD5C9ABC" blockId="5.[151,631,700,759]" box="[151,631,700,726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<heading id="D0EA5472FFEBF01714B9F88FDD5C9ABC" bold="true" box="[151,631,700,726]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01714B9F88FDD5C9ABC" ID-CoL="RHX5" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,631,700,726]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F88FDD5C9ABC" bold="true" box="[151,631,700,726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F88FDEB49ABC" bold="true" box="[151,415,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Carybdea marsupialis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171581F88FDD449ABC" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[431,623,700,726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref20184" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis L. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFEBF01714B9F8EDDD469BD8" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9F8EDDD079A9C" blockId="5.[151,631,700,759]" box="[151,556,734,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFEBF01714B9F8EDDFF59A9D" box="[151,222,734,759]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A–D; 5A–H; 6A–F; 7A, C, E
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9F912DB6C9B5D" blockId="5.[151,1437,801,1344]" box="[151,1095,801,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F912DE2D9B5D" bold="true" box="[151,262,801,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Synonyms</emphasis>
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: A comprehensive survey of the literature yielded the following junior synonyms.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9F972DD469BD8" blockId="5.[151,1437,801,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F972DEDF9B3C" box="[151,500,832,854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Urtica soluta marsupium referens</emphasis>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017162AF973DDA59B3C" author="Plancus, J." box="[516,654,832,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref21119" refString="Plancus, J. (1739) De Conchis minus notis liber cui accessit specimen aestus reciproci maris superi ad littus portumque Armini. Litterarum Felicitas, Venice, 88 pp." type="book" year="1739">Plancus 1739</bibRefCitation>
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: 41–42 (description in Latin),
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFEBF01717FEF973DB3B9B3C" box="[976,1040,832,854]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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||
; (not valid as first species description under Art. 3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, which establishes that “No name or nomenclatural act published before
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<date id="FFA3C5DEFFEBF0171552F94EDD369BF9" box="[380,541,893,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" value="1758-01-01">1 January 1758</date>
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enters zoological nomenclature, but information, such as descriptions or illustrations, published before that date may be used”).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DC430FFEBF01714B9F989DCDB9BBA" box="[151,1008,954,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F989DFCC9BBA" box="[151,231,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Medusa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01714C3F989DD109BBA" ID-CoL="RHX5" authority=": Linnaeus 1758: 660" authorityName=": Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="660" authorityYear="1758" box="[237,571,954,976]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714C3F989DE4E9BBA" box="[237,357,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">marsupialis</emphasis>
|
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF017155CF989DD109BBA" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[370,571,954,976]" page="660" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1758">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017155CF989DD239BBA" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[370,520,954,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref20184" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis L. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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: 660
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(short note/description).
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF0171715F989DCC79BBA" author="Modeer, A." box="[827,1004,954,976]" page="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1791">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171715F989DCE89BBA" author="Modeer, A." box="[827,963,954,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="19 - 34" refId="ref20816" refString="Modeer, A. (1791) Tentamen systematis medusarum stabiliendi. Nova acta physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino- Carolinae Naturae Curiosum, 8 (Appendix), 19 - 34. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 132020 # page / 443 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1791">Modeer 1791</bibRefCitation>
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: 32
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9F9E9DA0A9B85" blockId="5.[151,1437,801,1344]" box="[151,1313,985,1007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DC430FFEBF01714B9F9E9DA0A9B85" box="[151,1313,985,1007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F9E9DFC69B85" box="[151,237,986,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Oceania</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01714DDF9EADD769B85" ID-CoL="RHX5" authority=": Eschscholtz 1829: 101" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1829" box="[243,605,985,1007]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714DDF9EADE419B85" box="[243,362,985,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">marsupialis</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF0171559F9EADD769B85" author="Eschscholtz, F." box="[375,605,985,1007]" page="101" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1829">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171559F9EADD019B85" author="Eschscholtz, F." box="[375,554,985,1007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref18745" refString="Eschscholtz, F. (1829) System der Acalephen-Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller medusenartigen Strahlthiere. F. Dummler, Berlin, 238 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64070" type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz 1829</bibRefCitation>
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: 101
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(list of synonyms, description of species based on Plancus’ drawing).
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9F9CBDE779C64" box="[151,348,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Marsupialis planci</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017155EF9CADEDC9C64" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[368,503,1016,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref20066" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1843) Histoire Naturelle des Zoophytes. Acalephes. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 596 pp." type="book" year="1843">Lesson 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 268 (description);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01716FEF9CBDC749C64" author="Agassiz, L." box="[720,863,1016,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref16670" refString="Agassiz, L. (1846) Nomenclatoris zoologici. Index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. Fasciculus XII. Jent & Gassmann, Soloduri, 393 pp." type="book" year="1846">Agassiz 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 224 (nomenclature);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017107CF9CBDBCA9C64" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1106,1249,1016,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref16730" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Second monograph. In five parts: I. Acalephs in general, II. Ctenophorae, III. Discophorae, IV. Hydroidae, V. Homologies of the Radiata. In: Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Fol. 5. Little, Brown & Co., Trubner & Co., Boston, London, pp. 1 - 380." type="book chapter" year="1862">Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 174 (synonyms, nomenclature).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9FE06DD619C8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,801,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DC430FFEBF01714B9FE06DD619C8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01714B9FE06DD9E9C21" authority=": Milne-Edwards 1833: 248" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,693,1077,1099]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Charybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9FE06DEA09C21" box="[151,395,1077,1099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Charybdea marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF01715B1FE06DD9E9C21" author="Milne-Edwards, H." box="[415,693,1077,1099]" page="248" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1833">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01715B1FE06DD579C21" author="Milne-Edwards, H." box="[415,636,1077,1099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="248" refId="ref20740" refString="Milne-Edwards, H. (1833) Observations sur la structure de la Meduse marsupial du Charybdee marsupiale de Perou et Lesueur. Annales des sciences naturelles, 28, 248." type="journal article" year="1833">Milne-Edwards 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 248
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(description), plates 11, 12;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF01717D8FE06DBF69C21" author="Gegenbaur, C." box="[1014,1245,1077,1099]" page="215" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01717D8FE06DB8F9C21" author="Gegenbaur, C." box="[1014,1188,1077,1099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="202 - 273" refId="ref18877" refString="Gegenbaur, C. (1857) Versuch eines Systemes der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 8, 202 - 273." type="journal article" year="1857">Gegenbaur 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 215
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–217 (description, discussion of structures);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF01715FBFE67DDB29C00" author="Agassiz, L." box="[469,665,1108,1130]" page="174" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1862">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01715FBFE67DD499C00" author="Agassiz, L." box="[469,610,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref16730" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Second monograph. In five parts: I. Acalephs in general, II. Ctenophorae, III. Discophorae, IV. Hydroidae, V. Homologies of the Radiata. In: Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Fol. 5. Little, Brown & Co., Trubner & Co., Boston, London, pp. 1 - 380." type="book chapter" year="1862">Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 174
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(nomenclature);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF0171761FE67DCC99C00" author="Claus, C." box="[847,994,1108,1130]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1878">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171761FE67DCEE9C00" author="Claus, C." box="[847,965,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref17902" refString="Claus, C. (1878) Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institute der Universitat Wien und der Zoologischen Station in Triest, 1 (5), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1878">Claus 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–56, plates 1–5 (throughout, anatomy and microanatomy of medusa, comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01716BCFE41DCCF9CE2" box="[658,996,1138,1160]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Charybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="haplonema" subGenus="Tamoya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01716BCFE41DC299CE2" box="[658,770,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Charybdea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF017173AFE40DC489CE2" box="[788,867,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Tamoya</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF017175AFE41DCCF9CE2" box="[884,996,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">haplonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF0171035FE40DAB69CE2" authorityName="F. Müller" authorityYear="1859" box="[1051,1437,1138,1160]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tamoya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrumana" subGenus="Chiropsalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF0171035FE40DB419CE2" box="[1051,1130,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Tamoya</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF0171052FE41DA229CE2" box="[1148,1289,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Chiropsalmus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF0171135FE41DAB69CE2" box="[1307,1437,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">quadrumana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714E1FEA2DE719CCD" box="[207,346,1169,1191]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">quadrumanus</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF0171557FEA2DD679CCD" author="Haeckel, E." box="[377,588,1169,1191]" page="442" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1880">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171557FEA2DD269CCD" author="Haeckel, E." box="[377,525,1169,1191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="361 - 672" refId="ref19297" refString="Haeckel, E. (1880) System der Acraspeden. Zweite Halfte des Systems der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medizinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 2, 361 - 672." type="journal article" year="1880">Haeckel 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 442
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF0171670FEA2DC0A9CCD" author="Haeckel, E." box="[606,801,1169,1191]" page="92" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1882">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171670FEA2DDD89CCD" author="Haeckel, E." box="[606,755,1169,1191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref19329" refString="Haeckel, E. (1882) II. - Report on the deep sea medusae. In: Thomson, F. T. & Murray, J. (Eds.), Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76 under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R. N., F. R. S. and Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R. N. Zoology, IV (Part II), pp. 1 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1882">Haeckel 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 92
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(historical overview), 96–98 (comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF0171116FEA2DE139CAC" ID-CoL="RHX8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="murrayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF0171116FEA2DE139CAC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Carybdea murrayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF0171560FE83DD219CAC" author="Haacke, W." box="[334,522,1200,1222]" page="596" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1886">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF0171560FE83DEF89CAC" author="Haacke, W." box="[334,467,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="588 - 638" refId="ref19259" refString="Haacke, W. (1886) Die Scyphomedusen des St. Vincent Golfes. In: Verlag von Gustav Fischer (Ed.), Jenaische Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, 20, pp. 588 - 638." type="journal article" year="1886">Haacke 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 596
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 598, 600, 605 (comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF017174FFE83DB309CAC" ID-CoL="RHX9" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[865,1051,1200,1222]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF017174FFE83DB309CAC" box="[865,1051,1200,1222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Carybdea rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF017101FFE82DBCA9CAC" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1073,1249,1200,1222]" page="507" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017101FFE82DB869CAC" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1073,1197,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="499 - 735" refId="ref20651" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) The Scyphomedusae. In: The Medusae of the World. Vol. III. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 109 (3), 499 - 735." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 507
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description), 508 (synopsis of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01715F6FEFDDD179C8E" ID-CoL="84M5M" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[472,572,1230,1252]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01715F6FEFDDD179C8E" box="[472,572,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9FEDEDE1E9D2A" blockId="5.[151,1437,801,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DC430FFEBF01714B9FEDEDE1E9D2A" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01714B9FEDEDD109D69" ID-CoL="RHX5" authority=": Kramp 1961: 305" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityPageNumber="305" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,571,1261,1283]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9FEDEDE519D69" box="[151,378,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Carybdea marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF01715A9FEDDDD109D69" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[391,571,1261,1283]" page="305" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01715A9FEDDDD2C9D69" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[391,519,1261,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="304 - 310" refId="ref19797" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 304 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540000744 X" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 305
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(description, list of synonyms);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF01717A6FEDEDB8B9D69" author="Di Camillo, C. & Bo, O. M. & Puce, S. & Tazioli, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[904,1184,1261,1283]" page="705" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01717A6FEDEDB459D69" author="Di Camillo, C. & Bo, O. M. & Puce, S. & Tazioli, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[904,1134,1261,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="705 - 709" refId="ref18541" refString="Di Camillo, C., Bo, O. M., Puce, S., Tazioli, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2006) The cnidome of Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubomedusae) from the Adriatic Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 705 - 709. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315406013609" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF017102FFEDDDB1E9D69" box="[1025,1077,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 705
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–709 (cnidome);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF017117FFEDEDE799D48" author="Daly, M. & Brugler, M. R. & Cartwright, P. & Collins, A. G. & Dawson, M. N. & Fautin, D. G. & France, S. C. & McFadden, C. S. & Opresko, D. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Romano, S. L. & Stake, J. L." page="151" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017117FFEDEDE379D48" author="Daly, M. & Brugler, M. R. & Cartwright, P. & Collins, A. G. & Dawson, M. N. & Fautin, D. G. & France, S. C. & McFadden, C. S. & Opresko, D. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Romano, S. L. & Stake, J. L." pageId="5" pageNumber="520" pagination="127 - 182" refId="ref18437" refString="Daly, M., Brugler, M. R., Cartwright, P., Collins, A. G., Dawson, M. N., Fautin, D. G., France, S. C., McFadden, C. S., Opresko, D. M., Rodriguez, E., Romano, S. L. & Stake, J. L. (2007) The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668, 127 - 182." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Daly
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01711A4FEDDDFC99D48" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 151
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(overview, first cubomedusa described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017173FFF3FDC869D48" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[785,941,1292,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref20184" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis L. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCC50FFFEBF01717EFFF3FDB559D48" author="Brinkman, D. L." box="[961,1150,1292,1314]" page="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01717EFFF3FDB499D48" author="Brinkman, D. L." box="[961,1122,1292,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref17677" refString="Brinkman, D. L. (2008) The molecular and biochemical characterisation of venom proteins from the box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri. PhD thesis, James Cook University, Townsville, 195 pp." type="book" year="2008">Brinkman 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(phylogeny), 166 (research overview).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714B9FF54DC049E15" blockId="5.[151,1437,1383,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFEBF01714B9FF54DC049E15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525241" collectingDate="2010-10-06" collectionCode="DBW, PL, PW" collectorName="M. J. Acevedo & Denia & Bell" country="Spain" location="Natural History Museum of Barcelona" municipality="Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="MZB 2015-1701" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714B9FF54DFD29DEA" bold="true" box="[151,249,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF01714B9FF54DFD29DEA" box="[151,249,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(hereby designated):
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFEBF01715C1FF54DC8A9DEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFEBF01715C1FF54DC8A9DEA" box="[495,929,1383,1408]" country="Spain" municipality="Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona" name="Natural History Museum of Barcelona" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Natural History Museum of Barcelona</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFEBF017179EFF5BDABB9DEA" box="[944,1424,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B2897FFEBF01714B9FFBCDFCF9DCD" box="[151,228,1422,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFEBF0171568FFBCDD229DCD" box="[326,521,1422,1447]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="Museum">MZB 2015-1701</specimenCode>
|
||
), preserved in 70% ethanol, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFEBF01717F6FFA3DB549DCD" box="[984,1151,1422,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">M. J. Acevedo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFEBF01710A4FFBDDA6C9DCD" box="[1162,1351,1419,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" value="2010-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE73C36FFEBF01710A4FFBDDA6C9DCD" box="[1162,1351,1419,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" value="2010-10-06">
|
||
October 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C684E56FFEBF01710D7FFB8DA2E9DF3" attach="left" box="[1273,1285,1419,1433]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">th</superScript>
|
||
2010
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFEBF017117CFFBDDAB39DCD" box="[1362,1432,1422,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Denia</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFEBF01714B9FF81DFF19DA1" box="[151,218,1458,1483]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. BH =
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFEBF0171503FF81DEBE9DA0" box="[301,405,1458,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFEBF017158CFF80DEC89DA0" box="[418,483,1459,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">DBW</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFEBF017162AFF81DD479DA0" box="[516,620,1458,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="31.5">31.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; IRW =
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFEBF01716E0FF81DC1D9DA0" box="[718,822,1458,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="14.6">14.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; GW =
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFEBF01717BCFF81DCD19DA0" box="[914,1018,1458,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFEBF0171029FF80DB039DA0" box="[1031,1064,1459,1482]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFEBF0171066FF81DB9B9DA0" box="[1096,1200,1458,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFEBF0171093FF80DBCC9DA0" box="[1213,1255,1459,1482]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFEBF0171129FF80DA499DA0" box="[1287,1378,1459,1483]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFEBF0171143FF81DAB79DA1" box="[1389,1436,1458,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Bell</collectorName>
|
||
cuboid, wider than high, thick mesoglea, few nematocyst warts; apex domed, with a constriction at level of gastric phacellae; phacellae epaulette shaped, single rooted; heart-shaped rhopalial niche ostium, 1 upper covering scale; velarial canals 3 per octant, canals flanking frenulum unforked, middle canals biforked, canals flanking pedalia multiple branched; tentacles 4; pedalia knee bend rounded, no appendage, with irregularly distributed nematocyst bands on the outer keel; ripe female, gonads milky whitish.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFEBF01714E9FCB9DBBC9F11" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01714E9FCB9DBBC9F11" blockId="5.[151,1437,1383,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
The original texts of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF017159AFCB9DD759EC9" author="Plancus, J." box="[436,606,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref21119" refString="Plancus, J. (1739) De Conchis minus notis liber cui accessit specimen aestus reciproci maris superi ad littus portumque Armini. Litterarum Felicitas, Venice, 88 pp." type="book" year="1739">Plancus (1739)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFEBF01716B8FCB9DC649EC9" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[662,847,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" refId="ref20184" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis L. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
contain brief descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF01710B5FCB8DA6B9EC9" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[1179,1344,1674,1699]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01710B5FCB8DA6B9EC9" box="[1179,1344,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and no details of any name-bearing specimen. Moreover, we could not find any evidence to the existence of any type material in the scientific literature reviewed in this publication. In order to properly define this species and stabilize the name according to the definition and rules set forth under Article 75 of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), we designate specimen MZB 2015-1701 from Denia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFEBF017104DFD29DB8C9F59" box="[1123,1191,1818,1843]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NW Mediterranean) deposited in the Natural History Museum of Barcelona (Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona) as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF017116DFD73DAB79F32" box="[1347,1436,1856,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFEBF017149BFD50DE719F11" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[181,346,1890,1915]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF017149BFD50DE719F11" box="[181,346,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since no
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF01715E2FD51DD1A9F11" box="[460,561,1890,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF0171612FD51DD8D9F11" box="[572,678,1890,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF017169EFD50DC219F11" box="[688,778,1891,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, or prior
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF017175FFD50DCE19F11" box="[881,970,1891,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is known to exist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFEBF01414E9FDB5DD65999E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFEBF01414E9FDB5DC549892" blockId="5.[151,1437,1383,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFEBF01714E9FDB5DD2E9FF5" bold="true" box="[199,517,1926,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Other material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFEBF0141621FDB5DC579892" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524980" collectingDate="August, September, October 2010 and June 2011" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Stage A & Stage B & Stage C & Stage D & Stage E & Stage F & Denia" country="Spain" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="521" location="Natural History Museum of Barcelona" municipality="Forty" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="MZB 2015-4801, MZB 2015-4802, MZB 2015-4803, MZB 2015-4804, MZB 2015-4805, MZB 2015-4806" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFEBF0171621FDB5DD789FF5" box="[527,595,1926,1951]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFEBF017164FFDB5DB359FF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFEBF017164FFDB5DB359FF5" box="[609,1054,1926,1951]" country="Spain" municipality="Forty" name="Natural History Museum of Barcelona" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Natural History Museum of Barcelona</location>
|
||
[Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona; formerly Zoology Museum of Barcelona (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFEBF017170FFD98DC4D9FA9" box="[801,870,1963,1987]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
)]:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFEBF01717A7FD98DCEE9FA9" box="[905,965,1963,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520">Forty</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
four (44) specimens preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution in seawater, from the same collection location as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFEBF017103EFDE3DB479F82" box="[1040,1132,2000,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="520" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, separated into 6 different developmental stages, museum numbers
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F014164DFAABDC0A98DA" box="[611,801,151,176]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">MZB 2015-4801</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F014171EFAABDCA698DA" box="[816,909,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Stage A</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F014178CFAABDB7498DA" box="[930,1119,151,176]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">MZB 2015-4802</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F0141040FAABDBE198DA" box="[1134,1226,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Stage B</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F01410F1FAABDAB798DA" box="[1247,1436,151,176]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">MZB 2015-4803</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F01414B0FA8FDFD598BE" box="[158,254,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Stage C</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F0141538FA8EDEFC98BF" box="[278,471,188,213]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">MZB 2015-4804</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F01415C4FA8FDD6098BE" box="[490,587,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Stage D</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F014164DFA8EDC0F98BF" box="[611,804,188,213]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">MZB 2015-4805</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F0141718FA8FDCBE98BE" box="[822,917,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Stage E</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F0141783FA8EDB4598BF" box="[941,1134,188,213]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">MZB 2015-4806</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F01410AEFA8FDBF798BE" box="[1152,1244,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Stage F</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F01410DBFA8FDA1398BF" box="[1269,1336,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Denia</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE8F0141165FA8FDABB98BF" box="[1355,1424,188,213]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
), collected during
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE73C36FFE8F014157DFAD3DC579892" box="[339,892,223,248]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE8F014157DFAD3DE8C9892" box="[339,423,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2010-08">August</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE8F014159CFAECDD079892" box="[434,556,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2010-09">September</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE8F0141619FAECDDFB9892" box="[567,720,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2010-10">October 2010</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE8F0141728FAD3DC579892" box="[774,892,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2011-06">June 2011</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FB37DBF9992A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE8F01414E9FB37DE82992A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525242" collectionCode="BNHM" country="United Kingdom" location="British Natural History Museum" municipality="London" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE8F01414E9FB37DEA19977" box="[199,394,260,285]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE8F01415B8FB37DC209976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE8F01415B8FB37DC209976" box="[406,779,260,285]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="London" name="British Natural History Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">British Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFE8F0141736FB37DC589977" box="[792,883,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">London</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B2897FFE8F0141751FB37DB2B9977" box="[895,1024,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
preserved in formaldehyde solution (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFE8F01414B0FB1BDFDF992A" box="[158,244,296,320]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p1gh-na36" name="Beijing Natural History Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">BNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
1972.5.24.1), S
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE8F014159BFB14DBE5992A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524979" box="[437,1230,295,320]" collectorName="P. R. Laming" country="Italy" location="Bay of Campi" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE8F014159BFB14DEC2992A" box="[437,489,295,320]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Gargano Peninsula,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE8F01416F8FB1BDC5D992A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE8F01416F8FB1BDC5D992A" box="[726,886,295,320]" country="Italy" name="Bay of Campi" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Bay of Campi</location>
|
||
, collector:
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F01417DCFB1BDBAC992A" box="[1010,1159,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">P. R. Laming</collectorName>
|
||
, 1972
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FB7FDD65999E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE8F01414E9FB7FDD60999E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525244" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="Mediterranean & Pescara & Christina Di & Bastian Bentlage" country="Italy" county="Christina Di Camillo" location="Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History" municipality="Naples Zoological Station" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="USNM 19346, USNM 1155726, 1155728, 1155729" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Washington">
|
||
USA:
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE8F0141536FB7FDB29990F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE8F0141536FB7FDB29990F" box="[280,1026,332,357]" country="Italy" county="Christina Di Camillo" municipality="Naples Zoological Station" name="Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" stateProvince="Washington">Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFE8F0141035FB7FDB5D990E" box="[1051,1142,332,356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE8F01410BAFB7FDA35990F" box="[1172,1310,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
: from the
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE8F01414B9FB5CDE1699E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE8F01414B9FB5CDE1699E2" box="[151,317,367,392]" country="Italy" county="Christina Di Camillo" municipality="Naples Zoological Station" name="Mediterranean" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" stateProvince="Washington">Mediterranean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFE8F014157EFB5CDDA899E2" box="[336,643,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Naples Zoological Station</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE8F01416B4FB5CDDF999E2" box="[666,722,367,392]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
), no exact sampling location,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B2897FFE8F0141066FB43DBE599E2" box="[1096,1230,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F01410CAFB43DABB99E2" box="[1252,1424,367,392]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">USNM 19346</specimenCode>
|
||
), conserved in formaldehyde solution, no sampling date; also from the
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F0141782FBA7DB7999C7" box="[940,1106,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Mediterranean</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F0141070FBA6DB9899C6" box="[1118,1203,405,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Pescara</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE8F01410EAFBA7DBD799C7" box="[1220,1276,404,429]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B2897FFE8F014113FFBA7DAB699C7" box="[1297,1437,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F01414B0FB8BDE7699BA" box="[158,349,439,464]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">USNM 1155726</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F0141547FB84DEE699BA" box="[361,461,439,464]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">1155728</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE8F01415F7FB84DD1599BA" box="[473,574,439,464]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="Museum">1155729</specimenCode>
|
||
), preserved in ethanol, collected by
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C39B92FFE8F01417F6FB84DBE399BA" box="[984,1224,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F01417F6FB84DB4999BA" box="[984,1122,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Christina Di</collectorName>
|
||
Camillo
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, no sampling date, identified by
|
||
<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE8F0141502FBEFDEC0999F" box="[300,491,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Bastian Bentlage</collectorName>
|
||
in 2009
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE8F01414E9FBCCDE239A0A" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FBCCDE239A0A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE8F01414E9FBCCDE119A72" bold="true" box="[199,314,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Gastric phacellae epaulette shaped, single rooted; Velarial canals 3 per octant; multiple branched; Pedalia knee bend rounded, no appendage. Apex thick, domed, with a constriction at the level of the gastric phacellae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE8F01A14E9F85FDB6C9B38" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9F85FDDDF9AEF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,756,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE8F01414E9F85FDE709AEF" bold="true" box="[199,347,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Adult medusa: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F014163BF85FDD769AEE" box="[533,605,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D, 5A–H)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9F8BCDFD99B36" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
Bell sturdy, cuboid, slightly wider than high (BH: DBW ratio less than or equal to 1:1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F01410B4F8BCDA3F9AC2" box="[1178,1300,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), interradial furrows shallow, highly transparent with few whitish nematocyst warts sparsely scattered on bell from apex (very small warts) to bell margin (big warts along interradial furrows), amount of warts varies between specimens (i.e. some individuals present few or no warts; others have profuse warts); apex, thickened, domed, with slight horizontal constriction at level of gastric phacellae; bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE8F01417E7F92CDB1A9B5D" box="[969,1073,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="40.5">40.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, bell width up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE8F0141167F913DAB69B5D" box="[1353,1437,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(DBW).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9F954DB9E9C17" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
Pedalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F0141502F954DEAE9BEA" box="[300,389,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4, simple, unbranched, flattened, scalpel-shaped, measures approx. 1/3 the bell height in length, situated in each interradial corner, with irregularly spaced white nematocyst bands on outer keel of pedalium, smaller warts scatter on outer half of pedalium; in some mature medusae margin of inner keel of pedalium sometimes undulated. Pedalium carrying a single tentacle, tentacles light brownish pink colour when contracted, when extended resemble bead-chains with white nematocyst-battery “pearls” on pale pink tentacle “string”. Pedalial canal with rectangular knee without any hook or thorn appended on outer knee bend (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F0141116FE2FDAA59C5F" box="[1336,1422,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly tapering at the upper end, straight (not bending) throughout the length of the pedalium but slightly curving towards the inner pedalial keel in the middle part, ellipsoid in diameter with sharp outer keels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FEB4DDA19D66" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
Rhopalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F0141510FEB4DEB29CCA" box="[318,409,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4, suspended within heart-shaped rhopalial niche ostium with triangular upper covering scale, without lower covering scale; some specimens present covering scale with nematocyst mammilation (1 or 2 warts), but not the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE8F0141543FEE3DEE29C82" box="[365,457,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; approx. 1/5 of bell height up from bell margin; rhopalium with 6 eyes (2 median lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FF24DE299DAA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
Velarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F014156EFF24DE8D9D5A" box="[320,422,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Figs. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with some small nematocyst warts, containing 3 velarial canals per octant (i.e.
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE8F014117BFF24DAAA9D5A" box="[1365,1409,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">6 v.</date>
|
||
c./ quadrant), slim, sharply pointed tips, deeply forked, slightly lobed with smooth margin, canals flanking frenulum are the simplest, mostly unforked, only few small lobes, middle canals, seldom more than 2 main branches, only single side branches, canals flanking pedalia bases, most complex with 3 to 4 main branches and several side branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FFFFDB859EF2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
Manubrium (ḵ1/4 BH in length), 4 lobes, cruciform lacking nematocyst warts connected to a small, flat (biconvex lens-shaped) stomach which is connected by narrow, non-conspicuous, perradial mesenteries to the sides of the umbrella; stomach communicates perradially with 4 gastric pockets leading into velarial canals. Gastric phacellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F01414B1FC04DFD29E3A" box="[159,249,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4, epaulette-shaped, mounted on 4, conspicuously raised stomach corners; filaments brush-like, tightly bundled, originating from a single stem, deeply branched at some distance from the stalk, with numerous short gastric filaments; phacellae brownish-orange in colour, colour remains after preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F014100EFC4CDB8A9EF2" box="[1056,1185,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[168,1417,195,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Figs. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FC97DA1C9E8A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Gonads, 4 pairs, narrow leaf-like, separated by perforated interradial septum, extending from stomach rim to pedalium, tapering at level of rhopalia and towards stomach rim; ripe gonads milky whitish in both sexes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE8F01414E9FCDFDE689FD2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE8F01414E9FCDFDEFC9F6F" bold="true" box="[199,471,1772,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Developmental stages:</emphasis>
|
||
Development of young medusae to adult stage has been documented herein. We classified the individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE8F01415F7FD23DD549F42" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[473,639,1807,1832]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE8F01415F7FD23DD549F42" box="[473,639,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
captured in Denia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE8F014174CFD3CDC8E9F42" box="[866,933,1807,1832]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE8F01417DAFD22DBC29F42" box="[1012,1257,1807,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2010-06" valueMax="2010-10-31" valueMin="2010-06-00">June to October 2010</date>
|
||
into 6 different developmental stages, using both size and different morphological characters as indicators of the development of the animals. The 6 stages were named from A to F (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE8F0141736FD64DC409F1A" box="[792,875,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). By monitoring the development of small cubomedusae into subsequent stages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE8F014166CFD4FDC009FFE" author="Acevedo, M. J. & Fuentes, V. L. & Olariaga, A. & Belmar, M. B. & Canepa, A. & Bordehore, C. & Calbet, A." box="[578,811,1916,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="84 - 91" refId="ref16582" refString="Acevedo, M. J., Fuentes, V. L., Olariaga, A., Belmar, M. B., Canepa, A., Bordehore, C. & Calbet, A. (2013) Maintenance, feeding and growth of Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in the laboratory. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 439, 84 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2012.10.007" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Acevedo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE8F0141680FD4EDDCC9FFF" box="[686,743,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we confirmed that they all belong to the same species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE8F01414B9FD92DE109FD3" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,315,1952,1977]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE8F01414B9FD92DE109FD3" box="[151,315,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF62B396FFE9F01514B9FD3FDA489FB0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" startId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" targetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE9F01514B9FD3FDA489FB0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1804,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE9F01514B9FD3FDE3F9F48" bold="true" box="[151,276,1804,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Characters for identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE9F0151670FD3FDDE99F48" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[606,706,1804,1826]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE9F0151670FD3FDDE99F48" box="[606,706,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (species in order of appearance in the text).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE9F01510F3FD3EDA589F48" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[1245,1395,1804,1826]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE9F01510F3FD3EDA589F48" box="[1245,1395,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE9F0151065FD79DBF49F35" authorityName=", Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[1099,1247,1866,1887]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE9F0151065FD79DBF49F35" box="[1099,1247,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE9F0151116FDB5DFCD9FD1" authorityName="Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo" authorityYear="2017" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE9F0151116FDB5DFCD9FD1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Carybdea confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FAABDC0799EF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Stage A (MZB 2015-4801, n=10): Although the metamorphosis from polyp to medusa has not been observed and described yet, very small medusae (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE6F01A165CFA8FDD8798BE" box="[626,684,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
|
||
DBW; supposed recently liberated from the polyp) were caught in the field (Denia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE6F01A1574FAEDDEB0989D" box="[346,411,222,247]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in this study. Initial stage A (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE6F01A16D6FAEDDC7E989D" box="[760,853,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
): whitish-colourless, tetraradial, spheroid to cuboid umbrella with large round warts irregularly dispersed over entire exumbrella; bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE6F01A10E8FB30DA359970" box="[1222,1310,259,283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bell width up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE6F01A14F5FB15DE1D9954" box="[219,310,294,318]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Tentacles, 4, without pedalia, resembling pearl-string with white, spherical nematocysts batteries. Velarial canals and rhopaliar niche ostia, not yet developed, rhopalium with 6 eyes (2 median complex lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes). No gastric filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FBA3DE4F9A79" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Stage B (MZB 2015-4802, n=12): Mean bell height (BH) 1.5 (± 1.0) mm, mean bell width (DBW) 2.1 (± 0.7) mm; although an overlap in size with stage A exists, the main difference is the appearance of gastric filaments, 4, one in each stomach corner; velarial canals not yet developed; rhopalial niche with scale, pedalia, 4, begin to develop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE6F01A14D1FBC9DE7C9A79" box="[255,343,506,531]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9F82DDB939A30" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Stage C (MZB 2015-4803, n=8): Mean BH 2.1 (± 1.7) mm, mean DBW 3.1 (± 1.6) mm; gastric phacellae, completely developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE6F01A15B3F872DEDE9A30" box="[413,501,577,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
); velarial canals not yet developed; pedalia, 4, still developing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9F856DFC49AAE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Stage D (MZB 2015-4804, n=8): Mean BH 4.3 (± 4.2) mm, mean DBW 6.4 (± 3.9) mm; velarial canals, begin to develop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE6F01A1531F8BBDE509ACB" box="[287,379,648,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); pedalia development completed; gonads, appearance of gonadal tissue along the interradial septum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9F8E3DAB09B66" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Stage E (MZB 2015-4805, n=2): Mean BH 15.8 (± 9.1) mm, mean DBW 19.1 (± 10.7) mm; velarial canals and pedalia completely developed; gonads, developing but not yet mature, distinction of sex not yet possible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE6F01A1119F8C0DAA59B66" box="[1335,1422,755,780]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9F924DB6C9B38" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Stage F (MZB 2015-4806, n=4): Mean BH 23.7 (± 2.1) mm, mean DBW 28.8 (± 2.7) mm; Gonads, mature, sex distinction possible (males: finger-print appearance; females: oocytes) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE6F01A17CBF90ADB119B38" box="[997,1082,825,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,195,1694]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE6F01B14E9F96EDA1498BF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9F96EDFCB9C20" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A14E9F96EDE169B1C" bold="true" box="[199,317,861,886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The medusa stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1614F96DDDCB9B1C" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[570,736,861,886]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1614F96DDDCB9B1C" box="[570,736,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in coastal waters (~0.5–10 meters depth) along sandy beaches with a gentle slope where seagrass meadows (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1742F9B3DB649BF3" box="[876,1103,896,921]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1742F9B3DB649BF3" box="[876,1103,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and green algae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A111CF9B3DFD19BD7" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A111CF9B3DFD19BD7" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Caulerpa prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) coexist on rocky and sandy bottoms in the Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A17E7F997DBE99BD7" author="Bordehore, C. & Fuentes, V. & Atienza, D. & Barbera, C. & Fernandez-Jover, D. & Roig, M. & Acevedo-Dudley, M. & Canepa, A. J. & Gili, J. - M." box="[969,1218,932,957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref17577" refString="Bordehore, C., Fuentes, V., Atienza, D., Barbera, C., Fernandez-Jover, D., Roig, M., Acevedo-Dudley, M., Canepa, A. J. & Gili, J. - M. (2011) Detection of an unusual presence of the cubozoan Carybdea marsupialis at shallow beaches located near Denia, Spain (South-western Mediterranean). Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e 69), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000650" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Bordehore
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1069F996DBAB9BD7" box="[1095,1152,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also common to observe this species in canals or harbours. The medusae have been observed swimming near the surface both during day and night. However, they seem to be more active feeders during the night, preying on zooplankton and ichthyoplankton. They can be observed especially during the night, when attracted to a light source (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A10D6FE3DDFFF9C20" author="Acevedo, M. J. & Fuentes, V. L. & Olariaga, A. & Belmar, M. B. & Canepa, A. & Bordehore, C. & Calbet, A." pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="84 - 91" refId="ref16582" refString="Acevedo, M. J., Fuentes, V. L., Olariaga, A., Belmar, M. B., Canepa, A., Bordehore, C. & Calbet, A. (2013) Maintenance, feeding and growth of Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in the laboratory. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 439, 84 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2012.10.007" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Acevedo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A114AFE3CDABE9C4D" box="[1380,1429,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FE66DD8F9CDF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
The sting of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1547FE65DD3F9C04" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[361,532,1109,1134]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1547FE65DD3F9C04" box="[361,532,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae causes a severe pain, a burning sensation, erythematous-vesicular eruption, and local oedema (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A15C4FE4ADD989CFB" author="Peca, G. & Rafanelli, S. & Galassi, G." box="[490,691,1145,1170]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="124 - 126" refId="ref20964" refString="Peca, G., Rafanelli, S. & Galassi, G. (1997) Contact reactions to the jellyfish Carybdea marsupialis: observation of 40 cases. Contact Dermatitis, 36, 124 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1600 - 0536.1997. tb 00392. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Peca
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1603FE49DD409CF8" box="[557,619,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Bordehore
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1760FE49DCA79CF8" box="[846,908,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015) described the first published case of systemic effects after contact with this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FE8CDC0A9D29" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
When mature, medusae of both sexes aggregate for reproduction around mid-October; spermatozoa are released into the water, and eggs are fertilized inside the female medusae, as has been observed for other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A14B9FF35DE2D9D75" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,262,1286,1311]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A14B9FF35DE2D9D75" box="[151,262,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A153BFF35DEFE9D75" author="Studebaker, J. P." box="[277,469,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref22498" refString="Studebaker, J. P. (1972) Development of the cubomedusa, Carybdea marsupialis. Master thesis, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 60 pp." type="book" year="1972">Studebaker 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1629FF34DD839D75" authorityName=", Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[519,680,1287,1311]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1629FF34DD839D75" box="[519,680,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A1697FF3BDC529D75" author="Matsumoto, G. I." box="[697,889,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="139 - 148" refId="ref20534" refString="Matsumoto, G. I. (1995) Observations on the anatomy and behaviour of the cubozoan Carybdea rastonii Haacke. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 26, 139 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10236249509378935" type="journal article" year="1995">Matsumoto 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1785FF34DB0F9D75" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[939,1060,1287,1311]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1785FF34DB0F9D75" box="[939,1060,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The animals are ovoviviparous and the fertilized eggs are shed into the water (this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FF7EDB0F9EC2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
The complete development of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1668FF7CDDC09D0C" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[582,747,1357,1382]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1668FF7CDDC09D0C" box="[582,747,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
polyp stage is not known. In this study we observed planulae settlement and polyp development up to the 2–3 tentacle stage, but after several months all polyps died before developing additional tentacles or producing asexual buds. Therefore, asexual reproduction in this species was previously undocumented. However, similarities in polyp development, asexual budding, and metamorphosis described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A151BFFE8DD209D9E" author="Studebaker, J. P." box="[309,523,1499,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref22498" refString="Studebaker, J. P. (1972) Development of the cubomedusa, Carybdea marsupialis. Master thesis, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 60 pp." type="book" year="1972">Studebaker (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A1632FFE8DC2F9D9E" author="Stangl, K. & Salvini-Plawen, L. von & Holstein, T. W." box="[540,772,1499,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref21906" refString="Stangl, K., Salvini-Plawen, L. von & Holstein, T. W. (2002) Staging and induction of medusa metamorphosis in Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria, Cubozoa). Fie et Milieu, 52 (4), 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Stangl
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1640FFEEDD809D9E" box="[622,683,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A173DFFE8DB629D9E" author="Fischer, A. B. & Hofmann, D. K." box="[787,1097,1499,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref18815" refString="Fischer, A. B. & Hofmann, D. K. (2004) Budding, bud morphogenesis, and regeneration in Carybdea marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 (Cnidaria: Cubozoa). Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 331 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 004 - 2658 - 4" type="journal article" year="2004">Fisher & Hofmann (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A10A3FFE8DFCB9E72" author="Straehler-Pohl, I. & Jarms, G." pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="36 - 56" refId="ref22192" refString="Straehler-Pohl, I. & Jarms, G. (2011) Morphology and life cycle of Carybdea morandinii, sp. nov. (Cnidaria), a cubozoan with zooxanthellae and peculiar polyp anatomy. Zootaxa, 2755, 36 - 56." type="journal article" year="2011">Straehler-Pohl & Jarms (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A1536FC33DE969E7D" authorityName=", Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[280,445,1536,1559]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1536FC33DE969E7D" box="[280,445,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(= former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A166AFC33DDC69E72" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[580,749,1535,1560]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A166AFC33DDC69E72" box="[580,749,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE6F01A1714FC33DCEE9E72" box="[826,965,1535,1560]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were expected for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A109BFC33DA759E72" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[1205,1374,1535,1560]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A109BFC33DA759E72" box="[1205,1374,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The metamorphosis from polyps to medusae is hypothesized to start around the 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C684E56FFE6F01A1028FC11DB3B9E5A" attach="left" box="[1030,1040,1570,1584]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">st</superScript>
|
||
– 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C684E56FFE6F01A1010FC11DB659E5A" attach="left" box="[1086,1102,1570,1584]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">nd</superScript>
|
||
week of May in the Western Mediterranean, as tiny medusae (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE6F01A1624FC7ADD439E0A" box="[522,616,1609,1633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
DBW) have been caught from around mid-May to July during the 5-year (
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE6F01A14B0FC5FDE0B9EEF" box="[158,288,1644,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" value="2010" valueMax="2015">2010–2015</date>
|
||
) species monitoring program along the coast of Denia. Adult medusae reproduce in late October to early November, and the last medusae of the season were collected in November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FC80DC579EA6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[199,892,1715,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A14E9FC80DD899EA6" bold="true" box="[199,674,1715,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Reported distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE6F01A15DFFC80DDB39EA6" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[497,664,1715,1740]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A15DFFC80DDB39EA6" bold="true" box="[497,664,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean Sea
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FCE5DDE39F17" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE6F01A14E9FCE5DAB79F5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524976" collectionCode="LIFE, CUBOMED" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" location="Denia" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Catalunya">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE6F01A14E9FCE5DE2C9E85" box="[199,263,1750,1775]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C39B92FFE6F01A1537FCE5DE4B9E85" box="[281,352,1750,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Denia</collectingCounty>
|
||
: between
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFE6F01A15F9FCE5DDF79E85" box="[471,732,1750,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Racons-Molinell River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2985D9FFE6F01A16DEFCE5DC529E85" box="[752,889,1750,1775]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" precision="15" value="38.885834">38°53′09′′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2985D9FFE6F01A17A7FCE5DCD59E85" box="[905,1022,1750,1775]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" precision="15" value="0.037222225">0°02′14′′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE6F01A106BFCE4DBA99E85" box="[1093,1154,1750,1775]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A10D9FCE5DA119E85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A10D9FCE5DA119E85" box="[1271,1338,1750,1775]" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" name="Denia" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Catalunya">Denia</location>
|
||
harbour (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2985D9FFE6F01A14B1FCC9DE029F79" box="[159,297,1786,1811]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" precision="15" value="38.84861">38°50′55′′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2985D9FFE6F01A1519FCC9DE869F79" box="[311,429,1786,1811]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" precision="15" value="0.037222225">0°02′14′′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A15E8FCC9DDE29F79" author="Bordehore, C. & Fuentes, V. & Atienza, D. & Barbera, C. & Fernandez-Jover, D. & Roig, M. & Acevedo-Dudley, M. & Canepa, A. J. & Gili, J. - M." box="[454,713,1786,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref17577" refString="Bordehore, C., Fuentes, V., Atienza, D., Barbera, C., Fernandez-Jover, D., Roig, M., Acevedo-Dudley, M., Canepa, A. J. & Gili, J. - M. (2011) Detection of an unusual presence of the cubozoan Carybdea marsupialis at shallow beaches located near Denia, Spain (South-western Mediterranean). Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e 69), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000650" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Bordehore
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1667FCC8DDAF9F79" box="[585,644,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE6F01A16CEFCC9DC7B9F79" box="[736,848,1786,1811]" country="Spain" name="Catalunya" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Catalonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
: canals of the harbour in
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1052FCC9DA369F79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1052FCC9DA369F79" box="[1148,1309,1786,1811]" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" name="Empuriabrava" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Catalunya">Empuriabrava</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1105FCC9DAB39F79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1105FCC9DAB39F79" box="[1323,1432,1786,1811]" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" name="Badalona" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Catalunya">Badalona</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A14B9FD2EDFF59F5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A14B9FD2EDFF59F5C" box="[151,222,1821,1846]" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" name="Sitges" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Catalunya">Sitges</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A14C0FD2EDE4A9F5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A14C0FD2EDE4A9F5C" box="[238,353,1821,1846]" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" name="l'Ampolla" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Catalunya">l’Ampolla</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A158CFD2EDD0F9F5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A158CFD2EDD0F9F5C" box="[418,548,1821,1846]" country="Spain" county="Denia" latitude="38.84861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="0.037222225" municipality="Racons-Molinell River" name="Alfacs Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Catalunya">Alfacs Bay</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFE6F01A1616FD2DDC269F5C" box="[568,781,1822,1846]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">LIFE CUBOMED</collectionCode>
|
||
project database, www.cubomed.eu); Southern coast of
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE6F01A14B9FD72DDEF9F17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525140" collectionCode="LIFE, CUBOMED" country="Spain" county="Gandia" location="Javea" municipality="Oliva" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE6F01A14B9FD72DFF09F30" box="[151,219,1857,1882]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE6F01A14C2FD72DE649F30" box="[236,335,1857,1882]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Valencia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C39B92FFE6F01A154CFD72DE9D9F30" box="[354,438,1857,1882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Gandía</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFE6F01A15E6FD72DD229F30" box="[456,521,1857,1882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Oliva</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1632FD72DD769F33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1632FD72DD769F33" box="[540,605,1857,1881]" country="Spain" county="Gandia" municipality="Oliva" name="Javea" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">Jávea</location>
|
||
, Sta. Pola,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A16C1FD72DC769F30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A16C1FD72DC769F30" box="[751,861,1857,1882]" country="Spain" county="Gandia" municipality="Oliva" name="St. Pedro" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">St. Pedro</location>
|
||
del
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A17B5FD72DCC79F30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A17B5FD72DCC79F30" box="[923,1004,1857,1882]" country="Spain" county="Gandia" municipality="Oliva" name="Pinatar" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">Pinatar</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A17D0FD72DB769F30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A17D0FD72DB769F30" box="[1022,1117,1857,1882]" country="Spain" county="Gandia" municipality="Oliva" name="Almeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">Almería</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1041FD72DBE89F30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1041FD72DBE89F30" box="[1135,1219,1857,1882]" country="Spain" county="Gandia" municipality="Oliva" name="Malaga" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">Málaga</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1126FD72DA629F30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE6F01A1126FD72DA629F30" box="[1288,1353,1857,1882]" country="Spain" county="Gandia" municipality="Oliva" name="Cadiz" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">Cádiz</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C7BDBFFE6F01A1171FD72DE089F17" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">LIFE CUBOMED</collectionCode>
|
||
project database, www.cubomed.eu)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE6F01A14E9FDBBDD5E9F8D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE6F01A14E9FDBBDFD19FCB" box="[199,250,1928,1953]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE6F01A1524FDBADE429FCB" box="[266,361,1929,1953]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Tuscany</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Ligury (western Italian coast) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A16F9FDBBDCFD9FCA" author="Bordehore, C. & Fuentes, V. & Atienza, D. & Barbera, C. & Fernandez-Jover, D. & Roig, M. & Acevedo-Dudley, M. & Canepa, A. J. & Gili, J. - M." box="[727,982,1928,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref17577" refString="Bordehore, C., Fuentes, V., Atienza, D., Barbera, C., Fernandez-Jover, D., Roig, M., Acevedo-Dudley, M., Canepa, A. J. & Gili, J. - M. (2011) Detection of an unusual presence of the cubozoan Carybdea marsupialis at shallow beaches located near Denia, Spain (South-western Mediterranean). Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e 69), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000650" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Bordehore
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A1776FDBADCB89FCB" box="[856,915,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Numana harbour (Riviera del Conero, Ancona, Adriatic Sea) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A15B0FD98DDB49FAE" author="Di Camillo, C. & Bo, O. M. & Puce, S. & Tazioli, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[414,671,1963,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="705 - 709" refId="ref18541" refString="Di Camillo, C., Bo, O. M., Puce, S., Tazioli, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2006) The cnidome of Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubomedusae) from the Adriatic Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 705 - 709. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315406013609" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE6F01A160DFD9EDD709FAE" box="[547,603,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Fano (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A16D6FD9FDCDD9FAE" author="Boero, F. & Minelli, A." box="[760,1014,1963,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="179 - 180" refId="ref17473" refString="Boero, F. & Minelli, A. (1986) First record of Carybdea marsupialis (L., 1758) (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) from the Adriatic Sea. Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Fenezia, 35, 179 - 180." type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Minelli 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Gulf of Venice (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A1093FD98DA7E9FAE" author="Mizzan, L." box="[1213,1365,1963,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="321 - 322" refId="ref20772" refString="Mizzan, L. (1993) Prima segnalazione di Carybdea marsupialis (L., 1758) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in Adriatico settentrionale (Golfo di Venezia). Societa Feneziana di Scienze Naturali, 18, 321 - 322." type="journal article" year="1993">Mizzan 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Gulf of Trieste in
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE6F01A1508FDFCDE949F8D" box="[294,447,1999,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" value="1998-10">October 1998</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE6F01A15E3FDFCDD429F8D" author="Bettoso, N." box="[461,617,1999,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="233" refId="ref17308" refString="Bettoso, N. (2002) First record of Carybdea marsupialis (L., 1758) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in the Gulf of Trieste. Periodicum Biologorum, 104, 233." type="journal article" year="2002">Bettoso 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FAA4DDDE98DA" blockId="9.[199,1343,151,213]" box="[199,757,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE7F01B14E9FAA4DE3598DA" box="[199,286,151,176]" name="Tunisia" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Hammamet beach (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B162CFAABDDC298DA" author="Gueroun, S. K. M. & Acevedo, M. J. & Kefi-Daly Yahia, O. & Deidun, A. & Fuentes, V. L. & Piraino, S. & Daly Yahia, M. N." box="[514,745,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="430 - 435" refId="ref19063" refString="Gueroun, S. K. M., Acevedo, M. J., Kefi-Daly Yahia, O., Deidun, A., Fuentes, V. L., Piraino, S. & Daly Yahia, M. N. (2015) First records of Carybdea marsupialis proliferation (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) along the eastern Tunisian coast (Central Mediterranean). Italian Journal of Zoology, 82 (3), 430 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2015.1045945" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Gueroun
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B1643FAAADD8E98DA" box="[621,677,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FA8FDA1498BF" blockId="9.[199,1343,151,213]" box="[199,1343,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE7F01B14E9FA8FDA1098BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524981" box="[199,1339,188,213]" country="Malta" location="St. George's Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Birzebbuga">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE7F01B14E9FA8FDE2698BF" box="[199,269,188,213]" name="Malta" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE7F01B1539FA8FDEFA98BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFEBF01B14B9F88FDA1498BF:8EC2B5C5FFE7F01B1539FA8FDEFA98BF" box="[279,465,188,213]" country="Malta" name="St. George's Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" stateProvince="Birzebbuga">St. George's Bay</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE7F01B15CEFA8FDD4C98BF" box="[480,615,188,213]" country="Malta" name="Birzebbuga" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Birżebbuġa</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Msida,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE7F01B16E0FA8FDC1498BF" box="[718,831,188,213]" country="Malta" name="Ta' Xbiex" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Ta’ Xbiex</collectingRegion>
|
||
and other marinas and harbours (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B109BFA8FDA1898BF" author="Pulis" box="[1205,1331,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" refId="ref21151" refString="Pulis (2015) Genetic Characterisation of the Mediterranean Box Jellyfish (Carybdea marsupialis). Master thesis, University of Malta, Msida, 154 pp." type="book" year="2015">Pulis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
||
</document> |