309 lines
39 KiB
XML
309 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="99C0D32A7FDBEC1A72E87047F38A74AB">Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="23513A4C9BFD9F48908008E2646B2AA4">Acevedo, Melissa J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B564A10A72F8E5CD53F5BBA0A55BD834">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EC436CFB46B564057016F8E26190E2A">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF2BEBE7C24D991CCD5BF64688216E9">Stampar, Sergio N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FACF3714A2D72638E261750262EAB2B3">Bentlage, Bastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F48D98DF3D7BC690BA1EDF3177664FF">Matsumoto, George I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0500F4C3C7D3E348BDE4E8F0E079D2CC">Yanagihara, Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01F91E91848E271517193C61F1C9B1EE">Toshino, Sho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E3E3F768198D865F217F5DF8F1DC964">Bordehore, César</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A48CF6F6D20B0C4FE7E662B9776482AA">Fuentes, Verónica L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1FFED8FB73429DA1BE0C817005238C0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6A1F4A9C617B9E962A6E296AC43E9662">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="96B8043A6096AF10C1D55C3D83CC0BEC">2019-01-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D109AD40489CDEC89E1DBAB95DB18C0E">4543</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="718C91920C132E6A909ECC953A15E52B">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E0AA5C6EBC3AD8CACD1D27A5A95C8C68">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AA97EF26C0F5D81576B582BA3AED8617" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CD45A42B4EB33FC941AE53DA81F4EE57" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B45208FFE4F01814B9FAA4DCD29F05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943451" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE4F01814B9FAA4DCD29F05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B45208FFE4F01814B9FAA4DCD29F05" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE4F01814B9FAA4DC8C98D8" box="[151,935,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0EA5472FFE4F01814B9FAA4DC8C98D8" bold="true" box="[151,935,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01814B9FAA4DC8C98D8" ID-CoL="RHX4" authority="Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo, 2017" authorityName="Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,935,151,178]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="confusa">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814B9FAA4DC8C98D8" bold="true" box="[151,935,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814B9FAA4DE5998DB" bold="true" box="[151,370,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Carybdea confusa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181557FAABDC8C98D8" author="Straehler-Pohl, I. & Matsumoto, G. I. & Acevedo, M. J." box="[377,935,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref22426" refString="Straehler-Pohl, I., Matsumoto, G. I. & Acevedo, M. J. (2017) Recognition of the Californian cubozoan population as a new species: Carybdea confusa n. sp. (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida). Plankton & Benthos Research, 12 (2), 129 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 12.129" type="journal article" year="2017">Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE4F01814B9FA89DE3E98B9" box="[151,277,186,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814B9FA89DE3E98B9" blockId="10.[151,935,151,211]" box="[151,277,186,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE4F01814B9FA89DFF598B9" box="[151,222,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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J–M
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE4F01814B9FB31DB0899C1" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814B9FB31DB0899C1" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814B9FB31DEA99971" bold="true" box="[151,386,258,283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE4F01815A4FB31DEB29909" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524982" collectingDate="1998-10-21" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Shane Anderson" location="Goleta Pier" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" specimenCode="CASIZ 197981" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE4F01815A4FB31DED99971" box="[394,498,258,283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE4F018162FFB30DD989971" box="[513,691,259,283]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">CASIZ 197981</specimenCode>
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),
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<specimenCount id="9D1B2897FFE4F01816E8FB30DC629971" box="[710,841,258,283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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, from Santa Barbara (California) collected 20 meters west of
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<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE4F01814D4FB15DE569955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE4F01814B9FAA4DCD29F05:8EC2B5C5FFE4F01814D4FB15DE569955" box="[250,381,294,319]" name="Goleta Pier" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Goleta Pier</location>
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in 5 meters of water; collected by
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<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE4F0181705FB15DCC09955" box="[811,1003,294,319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Shane Anderson</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE4F01817D5FB15DBE09955" box="[1019,1227,294,319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" value="1998-10-21">
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<collectingDate id="EFE73C36FFE4F01817D5FB15DBE09955" box="[1019,1227,294,319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" value="1998-10-21">October 21, 1998</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; preserved in 5% formaldehyde solution
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE4F018158BFB78DDCF9909" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524975" box="[421,740,331,355]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" specimenCode="CASIZ 197982" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE4F018158BFB78DD3E9909" box="[421,533,331,355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
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, (
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||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE4F0181607FB78DDF79909" box="[553,732,331,355]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">CASIZ 197982</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D1B2897FFE4F01816DFFB78DC559909" box="[753,894,330,355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE4F01817A2FB78DB3499C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524977" collectingDate="1998-10-21" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Shane Anderson" country="Spain" county="Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona" location="Two" municipality="Natural History Museum of Barcelona" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" specimenCode="MZB 2015-1702" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
same data as holotype. Five (5) different sized individuals, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE4F0181596FB5DDD3199ED" box="[440,538,366,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE4F018167CFB5CDDEA99ED" box="[594,705,367,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE4F01816E2FB5CDDD699EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE4F01814B9FAA4DCD29F05:8EC2B5C5FFE4F01816E2FB5CDDD699EC" box="[716,765,367,390]" country="Spain" county="Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona" municipality="Natural History Museum of Barcelona" name="Two" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Two</location>
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||
(2) specimens deposited in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC67964FFE4F018104AFB5DDE2299C1" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Natural History Museum of Barcelona</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C39B92FFE4F0181539FBA0DDD999C1" box="[279,754,402,427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona</collectingCounty>
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),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE4F018172BFBA1DC6E99C1" box="[773,837,402,427]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
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||
<specimenCode id="DBBB4B65FFE4F018177DFBA0DB3D99C1" box="[851,1046,402,427]" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="Museum">MZB 2015-1702</specimenCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE4F01814E9FB85DB629999" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FB85DB629999" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814E9FB85DE1199A5" bold="true" box="[199,314,438,463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Gastric phacellae epaulette shaped, single rooted, single stemmed; velarial canals 2 per octant; multiple branched, with rounded tips; pedalial knee bend with thorn-like appendage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE4F01814E9FBCDDC4E9D38" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FBCDDAB19A50" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814E9FBCDDE709A7D" bold="true" box="[199,347,510,535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Description:</emphasis>
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Adult medusa: Bell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE4F0181665FBCDDDB39A7D" box="[587,664,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
|
||
) transparent, nearly cuboid, marked interradial furrows, bell densely scattered with white nematocysts of irregular shapes and sizes; bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE4F0181035F810DB479A50" box="[1051,1132,547,571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bell width up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE4F0181101F811DABD9A50" box="[1327,1430,546,571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="31.5">31.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9F875DED89B5D" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Pedalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE4F0181506F875DE569A35" box="[296,381,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4, simple, unbranched flattened, scalpel-shaped, situated in each interradial corner, measures approx. 2/3 bell height in length, outer wing, scattered with round to oval warts of different sizes, white nematocyst bands on outer keel; inner wing, without nematocyst warts; pedalium with one white to flesh coloured tentacle (in preserved specimens). Pedalial canal, lumen diamond shaped with sharp keels, broad at base, flaring slightly from knee bend towards distal end, slightly tapering at distal end, tentacle insertion broader than distal end of canal; going straight to slightly curved through pedalium, volcano to triangular knee bend with small, thorn-like appendage on outer knee bend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9F971DEF29BC9" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Rhopalia, 4, rhopaliar niche ostium heart-shaped with triangular covering scale, small nematocysts on scales on rare occasions, approx. 1/5 of bell height up from margin; rhopalium with 6 eyes (2 median lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9F99DDB469C3D" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Velarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE4F0181511F99DDEB59BAD" box="[319,414,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
|
||
), in general free of nematocyst warts, only canal roots might show some scattered, small warts, containing 2 broad velarial canal roots per octant, giving rise to 2 to 3 branched velarial canals, canals slim in width, forked at tips, tips rounded, slightly dendritic or lobate, often with more than 2 side branches; canals flanking frenulum simpler, biforked to triforked with few, straight side branches; canals flanking pedalia more complex, root with 2 to 3 main branches with several side branches, resembling antlers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FE51DA459C8D" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Manubrium (1/3–1/2 bell height in length), 4 lobes, cruciform manubrium without nematocyst warts, connected to flat and shallow stomach; stomach communicates perradially with 4 gastric pockets leading into velarial canals. 4 gastric phacellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE4F0181600FE99DDAC9CA9" box="[558,647,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1K</figureCitation>
|
||
), epaulette-shaped, mounted on 4 stomach corners, consisting of one circular root per quadrant that gives rise to one stem that splits into branches with several brush-like filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FEC1DC4E9D38" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Gonads,4 pairs, broad leaf-like to arrowhead-shaped, separated by unperforated interradial septum, extending from stomach rim to bell margin, tapering towards stomach rim and bell margin, lateral margins overlap; sexes separate but unimorph; ripe gonads milky whitish in both sexes.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE4F01814E9FF6DDCD29F05" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FF6DDBEE9EB5" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814E9FF6DDE169D1D" bold="true" box="[199,317,1374,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens from California were first mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181794FF6DDB769D1D" author="Stiasny, G" box="[954,1117,1374,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="33 - 558" refId="ref21989" refString="Stiasny, G (1922) Die Scyphomedusen-Sammlung von Dr. Th. Mortensen nebst anderen Medusen aus dem zoologischen Museum der Universitat in Kopenhagen. Fidenskabelige Meddelelser Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 77, 33 - 558." type="journal article" year="1922">Stiasny (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F018110AFF6CDAB79D1C" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[1316,1436,1375,1398]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F018110AFF6CDAB79D1C" box="[1316,1436,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
citing
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F01814F3FFB0DE4F9DF1" author="Maas, O." box="[221,356,1411,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref20382" refString="Maas, O. (1903) Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie, 11 (10), 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1903">Maas (1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181541FFB0DE809DF1" author="Maas, O." box="[367,427,1411,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref20405" refString="Maas, O. (1910) Japanische Medusen-Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der II. Klasse der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1 (8), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181590FFB1DD459DF1" author="Bigelow, H. B." box="[446,622,1410,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref17344" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1909) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross " from Oct. 1904 to March 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding, XVI. The Medusae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F018168AFFB0DC149DF1" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[676,831,1411,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="499 - 735" refId="ref20651" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) The Scyphomedusae. In: The Medusae of the World. Vol. III. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 109 (3), 499 - 735." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who declared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01817CCFFB0DB5C9DF1" authorityName=", Maas" authorityYear="1897" box="[994,1143,1410,1435]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01817CCFFB0DB5C9DF1" box="[994,1143,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. arborifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01814B9FF94DE389DD4" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,275,1447,1470]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814B9FF94DE389DD4" box="[151,275,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This identification was later adopted by Satterlie (1979) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F01817DEFF95DA079DD5" author="Satterlie, R. A. & Spencer, A. N." box="[1008,1324,1446,1471]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="141 - 142" refId="ref21445" refString="Satterlie, R. A. & Spencer, A. N. (1979) Swimming control in a cubomedusan jellyfish. Nature, 281, 141 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 281141 a 0" type="journal article" year="1979">Satterlie & Spencer (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In 1990, Larson & Arneson collected cubozoans off Scripps pier, La Jolla (California). Larson, observing what he thought was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01814E1FFDDDEE49E6D" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[207,463,1518,1543]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814E1FFDDDEE49E6D" box="[207,463,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Carybdea marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE4F01815D1FFDCDDA19E6D" box="[511,650,1518,1543]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F01816B1FFDCDC139E6D" author="Larson, R. J." box="[671,824,1518,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="237 - 245" refId="ref19905" refString="Larson, R. J. (1976) Cubomedusae: Feeding-functional morphology, behaviour and phylogenetic position. In: Mackie, G. O. (Ed.), Coelenterate ecology and behaviour. Plenum Press, New York and London, pp. 237 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4757 - 9724 - 4 _ 25" type="book chapter" year="1976">Larson 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reclassified the carybdeid species from California (Larson 1990) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F018154FFC20DD239E41" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[353,520,1554,1579]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F018154FFC20DD239E41" box="[353,520,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F018164FFC20DCB09E41" author="Larson, R. J. & Arneson, A. C." box="[609,923,1554,1579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="130 - 136" refId="ref20004" refString="Larson, R. J. & Arneson, A. C. (1990) Two medusae new to the coast of California: Carybdea marsupialis (Linneaus, 1758), a Cubomedusa and Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884, a Rhizostome Scyphomedusa. Bulletin of the Southern Californian Academy of Science, 89, 130 - 136." type="journal article" year="1990">Larson and Arneson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F0181034FC20DBB89E41" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[1050,1171,1555,1579]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F0181034FC20DBB89E41" box="[1050,1171,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected at the species
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE4F0181537FC04DE629E25" box="[281,329,1591,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (i.e. Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE4F0181616FC04DD9C9E25" box="[568,695,1590,1615]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE4F01816ECFC05DC069E25" box="[706,813,1590,1615]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F018179BFC04DB7D9E24" box="[949,1110,1591,1614]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F018179BFC04DB7D9E24" box="[949,1110,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE4F018112BFC05DABC9E25" box="[1285,1431,1590,1615]" name="Bahamas" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which were misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01815CBFC68DDA69E19" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[485,653,1626,1651]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01815CBFC68DDA69E19" box="[485,653,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The authors concluded that the specimens collected in La Jolla fit more closely the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01815D8FC4CDDB59EFD" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[502,670,1662,1687]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01815D8FC4CDDB59EFD" box="[502,670,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181748FC4DDB329EFD" author="Bigelow, H. B." box="[870,1049,1662,1687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref17433" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1938) Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Zoologica NY, 23 (Part 2), 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">Bigelow (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F018109AFC4CDA049EFC" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[1204,1327,1663,1686]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F018109AFC4CDA049EFC" box="[1204,1327,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181171FC4CDFCF9ED1" author="Maas, O." pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref20292" refString="Maas, O. (1897) XXI. Die Medusen-Reports on an exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Comission Steamer " Albatross " during 1891, Lieutenant Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 23 (1), 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1897">Maas (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This diagnosis was adopted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F01816ABFC91DCE79ED1" author="Satterlie, R. A. & Nolen T. G." box="[645,972,1698,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1413 - 1419" refId="ref21488" refString="Satterlie, R. A. & Nolen T. G. (2001) Why do cubomedusae have only four pacemakers? The Journal of Experimental Biology, 204, 1413 - 1419." type="journal article" year="2001">Satterlie and Nolen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but not all authors agreed with this reclassification, as the morphological diagnoses did not match (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F0181770FCF4DCDB9EB5" author="Fenner, P. J." box="[862,1008,1735,1759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" refId="ref18784" refString="Fenner, P. J. (1997) The global problem of Cnidarian (Jellyfish) stinging. MD Thesis, University of London, London, 204 pp." type="book" year="1997">Fenner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE4F01817D5FCF5DB929EB5" author="Gershwin, L." box="[1019,1209,1734,1759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" refId="ref18919" refString="Gershwin, L. (2005 a) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Australian Cubozoa. PhD thesis, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, 202 pp." type="book" year="2005">Gershwin 2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FCD9DCF89F20" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Straehler-Pohl et al. (2017) compared all species in question with specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE4F0181053FCD9DBC59F69" box="[1149,1262,1770,1795]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and due to the explicit differences in morphological characters, it was concluded that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01817DAFD3DDB499F4D" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1012,1122,1806,1831]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01817DAFD3DDB499F4D" box="[1012,1122,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE4F0181104FD3DDAB79F4D" box="[1322,1436,1806,1831]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
represented members of a new species and was named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01816D1FD01DCE79F21" authorityName="Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo" authorityYear="2017" box="[767,972,1842,1867]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01816D1FD01DCE79F21" box="[767,972,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Carybdea confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE4F01814E9FD65DCD29F05" blockId="10.[151,1437,258,1903]" box="[199,1017,1878,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01814E9FD65DDE09F05" bold="true" box="[199,715,1878,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Reported distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE4F01815DFFD65DDE99F05" authorityName="Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo" authorityYear="2017" box="[497,706,1878,1903]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE4F01815DFFD65DDE99F05" bold="true" box="[497,706,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Carybdea confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE4F0181753FD65DCD99F05" box="[893,1010,1878,1903]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |