340 lines
45 KiB
XML
340 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1080/08912963.2022.2067759" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc0ba68f-5c69-4f83-9546-d2ef33d5ea86" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745693" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1679058349019" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Burckhardt, Daniel, Nel, André, Raisch, Manfred & Poschmann, Markus J." docDate="2022" docId="B242A55EFFDDFF9CDD4FF9ABFBD9FBD9" docLanguage="en" docName="HistBiol.CLXVI.CLXVI.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Historical Biology 7 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2067759" docTitle="Permoridium fresenaci Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="4E7BDD26FFDFFF98DD3FFFBEFFB9FF8D" masterDocTitle="A new putative moss bug (Insecta: Hemiptera) from the lower Permian of the Saar-Nahe Basin, SW Germany, and the age of Coleorrhyncha" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1679059370657" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new putative moss bug (Insecta: Hemiptera) from the lower Permian of the Saar-Nahe Basin, SW Germany, and the age of Coleorrhyncha</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burckhardt, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raisch, Manfred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Non-Institutional, Kaiserslautern, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poschmann, Markus J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe RLP, Direktion Landesarchäologie / Erdgeschichte, Koblenz, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">markus.poschmann@gdke.rlp.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Historical Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-04-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>6</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2067759</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1080/08912963.2022.2067759</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc0ba68f-5c69-4f83-9546-d2ef33d5ea86</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7745693</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B242A55EFFDDFF9CDD4FF9ABFBD9FBD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B242A55EFFDDFF9CDD4FF9ABFBD9FBD9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection box="[112,615,1557,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[112,615,1557,1580]" box="[112,615,1557,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,615,1557,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[112,371,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="sp. nov.">Permoridium fresenaci</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[378,615,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[378,464,1557,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[479,608,1557,1580]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[112,167,994,1014]" captionStartId-1="3.[118,173,1908,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[122,787,158,965]" captionTargetBox-1="[341,1296,1386,1877]" captionTargetId-0="figure-540@3.[122,787,158,965]" captionTargetId-1="figure-512@3.[339,1299,1384,1880]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Figure 2. Permoridium fresenaci gen. et sp.nov., holotype UGKU 1096, photographs. (A) Part; (B) Counterpart. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-1="Figure 3. Permoridium fresenaci gen. et sp. nov., holotype UGKU 1096, explanatory sketch drawing with venation labelled. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745699" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745703" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7745699/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7745703/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 2–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[112,702,1601,1654]" box="[144,702,1601,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B064BCBF-35B3-4AF6-9B68-</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[112,702,1601,1654]" box="[112,281,1631,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E12F810DCBA4</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[112,797,1693,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="UGKU" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="UGKU 1096" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<heading bold="true" box="[112,209,1693,1716]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,209,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus box="[112,209,1693,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<specimenCode box="[112,241,1723,1746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">UGKU 1096</specimenCode>
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(part and counter-part of a very well preserved basal two-third of a forewing), stored at
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<collectionCode box="[520,594,1752,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">UGKU</collectionCode>
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– Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP, Burg Lichtenberg (Pfalz), Thallichtenberg, Germany, POLLICHIA Geoscience Collection. Formerly Raisch collection SRK Gb 702 a, b.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[112,796,1903,2015]" box="[112,343,1903,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading bold="true" box="[112,343,1903,1926]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,343,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type locality and age</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[112,796,1903,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ditch along the road south of Freisen-Grügelborn/Saarland. Lower Permian, Glan Subgroup, highest Meisenheim Formation (M 10), top of Odernheim Subformation; Asselian or early Sakmarian.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,946,143,166]" box="[829,946,143,166]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading bold="true" box="[829,946,143,166]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,946,143,166]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,1514,188,240]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">After ‘Fresenacum’, Latin designation for the village of Freisen in the Saarland. The type locality Grügelborn is a district of Freisen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[829,1115,295,362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,937,295,318]" box="[829,937,295,318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading bold="true" box="[829,937,295,318]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,937,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,1115,339,362]" box="[829,1115,339,362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">As for genus, by monotypy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,967,416,441]" box="[829,967,416,441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading bold="true" box="[829,967,416,441]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,967,416,441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,1514,461,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The basal half (at least) of a forewing except for clavus, preserved part 23.0 mm long, 11.2 mm wide; the relative convexities of the main longitudinal veins quite similar; wing tegminized with a net of large cells, each subdivided into a net of small irregular cells forming a reticular pattern; costal margin strongly curved basally and straight distally; vein ScA slightly distant from costal margin at wing base but rapidly approximating it to be closely parallel to it up to most distal preserved part of wing, ScA emitting one short anterior branch at its extreme base, ending into C, and two posterior branches which are vanishing in area between it and ScP; at wing base, basal parts of ScA and ScP strongly approximating and probably basally with a common stem, even if not preserved; ScP approximating R near wing base, and strongly diverging from it more distally, to approximate it again near its apex, ScP ending into RA; area between ScA and ScP quite broad, 1.8 mm wide, with two or three rows of large cells in-between; area between ScP and R broad, 1.4 mm wide, with one row of large cells; R hardly wavy, separating into RA and RP far from wing base, 18.0 mm away; only basal parts of RA and RP preserved, with two rows of large cells inbetween; vein M+CuA very shortly appressed to R, diverging from it 0.4 mm from extreme wing base, strongly diverging from R and strongly wavy distally; area between R and M strongly broadened in its distal part, with two or three rows of large cells in-between; M emitting an oblique MP 8.2 mm from wing base, ending into CuA
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<subScript attach="left" box="[877,886,1175,1189]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1</subScript>
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; area between M and CuA with secondary oblique veins defining a net of large cells; CuA separating from M 4.0 mm from wing base, basal part of CuA before its fusion with crossvein cuacup weak and short; cua-cup very strong, 2.6 mm long, and aligned with distal part of CuA and basal part of CuP; CuA divided into two strong branches 4.8 mm from point of fusion of its basal part with cua-cup; CuA
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<subScript attach="left" box="[972,981,1351,1365]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1</subScript>
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(anterior branch) simple, CuA
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1306,1315,1351,1365]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</subScript>
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(posterior branch) emitting short posterior branches; CuP strong at base, very weak distal of separation from cua-cup at 1.4 mm from wing base, straight and closely parallel to CuA and PCu; PCu as weak as CuP, shortly fused with it (0.4 mm), at 2.2 mm of wing base and separating again distally to be straight; anal area (clavus) not preserved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,955,1594,1619]" box="[829,955,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading bold="true" box="[829,955,1594,1619]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,955,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Discussion</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[829,1514,1640,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[112,797,1108,1307]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The general shape of the wing and the straight and closely parallel veins CuP and PCu indicate that this fossil is a forewing. The main veins having the same convexity plus the presence of a net of large cells that are subdivided into a dense net of small cells indicate that it is tegminized. The presence of a vein ScA closely appressed to the costal margin, the broad area between ScA and ScP, the ScP approximating R and distally diverging from it, the presence of a M+CuA with a common base with R and the general shape of the wing support an attribution to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1244,1357,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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. The crossvein cua-cup is generally weaker than CuA in the Acercaria. The strong cua-cup aligned with the distal part of CuA and the basal part of CuP plus the weakened basal part of CuA in
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<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[1285,1513,1962,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1285,1513,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Permoridium fresenaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[829,988,1992,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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are unusual but can be found also in some extant
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[112,224,1108,1131]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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, e.g., in
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<taxonomicName authority="(Nel et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Nel" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[314,617,1108,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Cicadellidae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nel A & Prokop J & Nel P & Grandcolas P & Huang D-Y & Roques P & Guilbert E & Dostal O & Szwedo J." box="[454,608,1108,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="480 - 506" refId="ref4864" refString="Nel A, Prokop J, Nel P, Grandcolas P, Huang D-Y, Roques P, Guilbert E, Dostal O, Szwedo J. 2012. Traits and evolution of wing venation pattern in paraneopteran insects. J Morphol. 273 (5): 480 - 506. doi: 10.1002 / jmor. 11036." type="journal article" year="2012">Nel et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The presence of two main branches of CuA is a general character of the Acercaria, lost in the Thripida and few other clades, by reduction of the size of the forewing. Nevertheless,
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<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[409,528,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[409,528,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. fresenaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[538,705,1196,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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displays some characters unique for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[412,524,1225,1248]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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, viz. the base of M+CuA situated at the extreme wing base; CuA, CuP and PCu very closely parallel; ScA emitting two posterior branches.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[829,1514,143,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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In the Sternorrhyncha (including the extinct Paleorrhyncha) and the Auchenorrhyncha, the vein M+CuA separates from R distinctly distal from wing base. Some Auchenorrhyncha (e.g., some extant
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<taxonomicName box="[1002,1131,231,254]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
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and the Triassic
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<taxonomicName box="[1390,1510,231,254]" class="Insecta" family="Granulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Granulidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[829,987,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Saaloscytinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saaloscytinidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shcherbakov" authorityYear="2011" box="[1043,1211,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Maguviopseidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Maguviopseidae</taxonomicName>
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) have a net of large cells that are subdivided into a dense net of small cells in their tegmina (
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<bibRefCitation author="Martins-Neto RG & Brauckmann C & Gallego OF & Carmona MJ" box="[836,1099,319,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref4703" refString="Martins-Neto RG, Brauckmann C, Gallego OF, Carmona MJ. 2006. The Triassic insect fauna from Argentina. - Blattoptera, Glosselytrodea, Miomoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, and Coleoptera from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), Los Chanares locality (La Rioja Province). Clausthal Geowiss. 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2006">Martins-Neto et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation author="Shcherbakov DE" box="[1115,1306,319,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref5395" refString="Shcherbakov DE. 2011. New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of central Asia - early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers. Zootaxa. 2836 (1): 1 - 26. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2836.1.1." type="journal article" year="2011">Shcherbakov 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Fu Y-Z & Gao J & Huang D-Y." box="[1322,1471,319,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref4382" refString="Fu Y-Z, Gao J, Huang D-Y. 2022. Revision of the genus Sinogranulus (Hemiptera, Granulidae) with description of a new species from the middle Triassic of China. Palaeoentomology. 5: 81 - 89. doi: 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 5.1.10" type="journal article" year="2022">Fu et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fu Y-Z & Huang D-Y." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref4431" refString="Fu Y-Z, Huang D-Y. 2022. The first maguviopseids (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Prosboloidea) from the Triassic of China. Palaeoentomology. 5: 76 - 80. doi: 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 5.1.9" type="journal article" year="2022">Fu and Huang 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but their M+CuA separates from R in a distinctly distal position, they have no ScA with posterior branches. In the Heteroptera, the situation is more confusing because of the tegminisation occurring in many taxa. Nevertheless, in the most ‘basal’ clades (Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) of true bugs, the vein M+CuA clearly separates from R far from wing base (e.g., see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh RT & Weirauch C." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref5358" refString="Schuh RT, Weirauch C. 2020. True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): classification and natural history. 2 nd ed. Manchester (UK): Siri Scientific Press." type="book" year="2020">Schuh and Weirauch 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 44.1B, 45.1B, 47.1C, 50.1C). The structure of a M+CuA distally emerging from a common stem with R and a cuacup, characteristic of the Acercaria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel A & Prokop J & Nel P & Grandcolas P & Huang D-Y & Roques P & Guilbert E & Dostal O & Szwedo J." box="[1191,1336,613,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="480 - 506" refId="ref4864" refString="Nel A, Prokop J, Nel P, Grandcolas P, Huang D-Y, Roques P, Guilbert E, Dostal O, Szwedo J. 2012. Traits and evolution of wing venation pattern in paraneopteran insects. J Morphol. 273 (5): 480 - 506. doi: 10.1002 / jmor. 11036." type="journal article" year="2012">Nel et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is clearly visible in the oldest known Nepomorpha (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Criscione J & Grimaldi D." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1166 - 1177" refId="ref4156" refString="Criscione J, Grimaldi D. 2017. The oldest predaceous water bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with implications for paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation. J Paleontol. 91 (6): 1166 - 1177. doi: 10.1017 / jpa. 2017.48." type="journal article" year="2017">Criscione and Grimaldi 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4.4). Even it is still present in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1314,1481,671,694]" class="Insecta" family="Hypsipterygidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hypsipterygidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the basal stem of R +M+CuA is very short (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Redei D." box="[1388,1508,701,724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref5115" refString="Redei D. 2007. A new species of the family Hypsipterygidae from Vietnam, with notes on the hypsipterygid fore wing venation (Heteroptera, Dipsocoromorpha). Dtsch Entomol Z. 54 (1): 43 - 50. doi: 10.1002 / mmnd. 200700004." type="journal article" year="2007">Rédei 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9). In the more ‘derived’ clades, the situation is less clear because of the strong modifications occurring in the tegmens. Nevertheless, the vein M is currently interpreted as emerging in a distal position from R (e.g., see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh RT & Weirauch C." box="[1052,1363,818,841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref5358" refString="Schuh RT, Weirauch C. 2020. True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): classification and natural history. 2 nd ed. Manchester (UK): Siri Scientific Press." type="book" year="2020">Schuh and Weirauch 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 63.1C). Furthermore, no Heteroptera has a well-developed vein ScA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[829,1514,143,1310]" lastBlockId="4.[112,798,932,2014]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
In the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[994,1147,877,900]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1160,1289,877,900]" class="Insecta" family="Peloridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Peloridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the situation is again somewhat confusing because of the tegminisation of the forewing, resulting in the branching of M+CuA from R and in RP looking like crossveins. While in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[1038,1150,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1038,1150,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. fresenaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1156,1308,965,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the wing base bears eight veins, viz. C, ScA, ScP, R, M+CuA, CuP, PCu and A which is not preserved, in the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[1126,1279,1023,1046]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1397,1509,1023,1046]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only seven veins are developed: C, ScA, ScP, R+M+CuA, CuP, PCu and A (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[917,1007,1082,1105]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[112,167,829,849]" captionTargetBox="[333,1293,143,800]" captionTargetId="figure-595@4.[333,1293,143,800]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Peloridium hammoniorum Breddin 1897, an extant moss bug for comparison. Parque Nacional de Chiloé, Rancho Grande, Chile (leg. D. Burckhardt). Photograph with wing venation labelled. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745705/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[1034,1154,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1154,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. fresenaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1166,1337,1082,1105]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shares with the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[829,956,1111,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Peloridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Peloridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
a strong ScA, distant from costal vein and with a short anterior branch at its extreme base, ending into C, plus posterior branches, unlike all the other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1231,1344,1170,1193]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[829,982,1199,1222]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a particular shape of ScP that is appressed and below R +M+CuA at extreme wing base (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burckhardt D." box="[1254,1428,1229,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="173 - 235" refId="ref4046" refString="Burckhardt D. 2009. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Gondwanan moss bugs or Peloridiidae (Hemiptera, Coleorrhyncha). Dtsch Entomol Z. 56 (2): 173 - 235. doi: 10.1002 / mmnd. 200900019." type="journal article" year="2009">Burckhardt 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 5– 7), a situation that resembles that in the new fossil in which ScP is appressed to R. The extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[1111,1264,1287,1310]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
also share with the new fossil a very long and well-defined ScP, ending into RA. These three characters are interpreted as putative synapomorphies of the new fossil with this clade. A further synapomorphy could be the ScA ending into ScP. The tegminisation of the forewing with large cells could be a further one but tegminisation also occurs in some Auchenorrhyncha and Heteroptera.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[500,619,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,619,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. fresenaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[630,797,1079,1102]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from extant
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[323,446,1108,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Peloridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Peloridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the much larger tegmen size>23 mm versus 2–5 mm. The other fossils currently attributed to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[164,322,1167,1190]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have smaller tegmina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Popov YuA & Shcherbakov DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="215 - 235" refId="ref4956" refString="Popov YuA, Shcherbakov DE. 1991. Mesozoic Peloridioidea and their ancestors (Hemiptera, Coleorrhyncha). Geologica Palaeontologica. 25: 215 - 235." type="journal article" year="1991">Popov and Shcherbakov 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745699/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[112,167,994,1014]" targetBox="[122,787,158,965]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[112,799,994,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,187,994,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[191,370,994,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp.nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[191,370,994,1014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Permoridium fresenaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[374,501,994,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype UGKU 1096, photographs. (A) Part; (B) Counterpart. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745703" box="[118,1298,1908,1928]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745703/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[118,173,1908,1928]" targetBox="[341,1296,1386,1877]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[118,1298,1908,1928]" box="[118,1298,1908,1928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,195,1908,1928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[200,381,1908,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[200,381,1908,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Permoridium fresenaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[387,519,1908,1928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype UGKU 1096, explanatory sketch drawing with venation labelled. Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745705/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[112,167,829,849]" targetBox="[333,1293,143,800]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[112,1513,829,873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,188,829,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Breddin 1897" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1897" box="[193,523,829,849]" class="Insecta" family="Peloridiidae" genus="Peloridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hammoniorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[193,404,829,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peloridium hammoniorum</emphasis>
|
||
Breddin 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an extant moss bug for comparison. Parque Nacional de Chiloé, Rancho Grande, Chile (leg. D. Burckhardt). Photograph with wing venation labelled. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[112,798,932,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The extinct families of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[453,611,1226,1249]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Popov and Shcherbakov" authorityYear="1991" box="[641,793,1226,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Hoploridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hoploridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Popov" authorityYear="1985" box="[112,243,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Karabasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Karabasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[301,489,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Progonocimicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have no ScA well separated from C and with branches and an elongate and well-defined ScP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Popov YuA & Shcherbakov DE" box="[119,426,1314,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="215 - 235" refId="ref4956" refString="Popov YuA, Shcherbakov DE. 1991. Mesozoic Peloridioidea and their ancestors (Hemiptera, Coleorrhyncha). Geologica Palaeontologica. 25: 215 - 235." type="journal article" year="1991">Popov and Shcherbakov 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[494,680,1314,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Progonocimicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a ScP ‘incorporated’ into R, while the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Popov" authorityYear="1985" box="[461,592,1343,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Karabasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Karabasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Popov and Shcherbakov" authorityYear="1991" box="[653,797,1343,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Hoploridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hoploridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an ‘obscure’ and short ScP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Popov YuA & Shcherbakov DE" box="[474,791,1372,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="215 - 235" refId="ref4956" refString="Popov YuA, Shcherbakov DE. 1991. Mesozoic Peloridioidea and their ancestors (Hemiptera, Coleorrhyncha). Geologica Palaeontologica. 25: 215 - 235." type="journal article" year="1991">Popov and Shcherbakov 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang B & Szwedo J & Zhang H-C." box="[112,291,1402,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1953 - 1961" refId="ref5700" refString="Wang B, Szwedo J, Zhang H-C. 2009. Jurassic Progonocimicidae (Hemiptera) from China and phylogenetic evolution of Coleorrhyncha. Sci China Ser D Earth Sci. 52 (12): 1953 - 1961. doi: 10.1007 / s 11430 - 009 - 0160 - 6." type="journal article" year="2009">Wang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szwedo J." box="[305,440,1402,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 20" refId="ref5551" refString="Szwedo J. 2011. The Coleorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the European Jurassic, with a description of a new genus from the Toarcian of Luxembourg. Volumina Jurassica. 9: 3 - 20." type="journal article" year="2011">Szwedo 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Popov YuA & Shcherbakov DE" box="[463,791,1402,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="9 - 30" refId="ref4984" refString="Popov YuA, Shcherbakov DE. 1996. Origin and evolution of the Coleorrhyncha as shown by the fossil record. In: Schaefer CW, editor. Studies of Hemiptera Phylogeny. Lanham (Maryland): Proc Thomas Say Pub Entomol, Entomol Soc Am; p. 9 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1996">Popov and Shcherbakov (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shcherbakov DE & Popov YuA" box="[162,490,1431,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="143 - 157" refId="ref5470" refString="Shcherbakov DE, Popov YuA. 2002. Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781 order Hemiptera Linne, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc. (= Cimicida Laicharting, 1781, = Homoptera Leach, 1815 + Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn AP, Quicke DLJ, editors. History of insects. Dordrecht (Boston, London): Kluwer Academic Publishers; p. 143 - 157." type="book chapter" year="2002">Shcherbakov and Popov (2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 147–148) proposed the following synapomorphies to unite the fossil and extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[112,268,1490,1513]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ‘suprantennal ledge continuous below median ocellus; forewings overlapping in repose (left one uppermost); forewing with enlarged posterior apical cells, short transverse CuA2 and broad appendix; coupling fold very short in forewing; fore and middle tarsi two-segmented [a character frequent in Acercaria]; pygophore barrel-shaped, parameres protruding and elbowed’. These body characters are quite difficult to observe or are not available in the fossil taxa. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jiang, Wang and Szwedo 2019" authorityName="Jiang, Wang and Szwedo" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Gakasha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaridentata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[554,797,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gakasha calcaridentata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang T & Wang B & Szwedo J." box="[112,429,1724,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="346 - 359" refId="ref4558" refString="Jiang T, Wang B, Szwedo J. 2019. The first representative of Progonocimicidae (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha) from mid-cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretac Res. 93: 346 - 359. doi: 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.09.018" type="journal article" year="2019">Jiang, Wang and Szwedo 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a unique
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[541,727,1724,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Progonocimicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in Burmese amber, shows a suprantennal ledge continuous below median ocellus, and fore and middle tarsi two-segmented (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang T & Wang B & Szwedo J." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="346 - 359" refId="ref4558" refString="Jiang T, Wang B, Szwedo J. 2019. The first representative of Progonocimicidae (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha) from mid-cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretac Res. 93: 346 - 359. doi: 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.09.018" type="journal article" year="2019">Jiang et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The wing venation characters are present in representatives of other clades of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[363,476,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, it seems that the attributions to this suborder of the fossil genera and species based on isolated wings are rather poorly grounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[112,798,932,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[828,1514,932,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ye Z & Damgaard J & Burckhardt D & Gibbs G & Yuan J & Yang H & Bu W." box="[144,306,1930,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="135 - 149" refId="ref5753" refString="Ye Z, Damgaard J, Burckhardt D, Gibbs G, Yuan J, Yang H, Bu W. 2019. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Gondwanan moss-bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae). Cladistics. 35 (2): 135 - 149. doi: 10.1111 / cla. 12237." type="journal article" year="2019">Ye et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 138) considered the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[578,764,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Progonocimicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as belonging to the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[339,489,1960,1983]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Heteroptera) and not strictly to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers and China" authorityYear="1929" box="[184,335,1991,2014]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They also indicated that ‘
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans JW" box="[613,749,1991,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="381 - 406" refId="ref4331" refString="Evans JW. 1981. A review of the present knowledge of the family Peloridiidae and new genera and new species from New Zealand and New Caledonia. Rec Aust Mus. 34 (5): 381 - 406. doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.34.1982.296." type="journal article" year="1981">Evans (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Popov YuA & Shcherbakov DE" box="[828,1151,932,955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="9 - 30" refId="ref4984" refString="Popov YuA, Shcherbakov DE. 1996. Origin and evolution of the Coleorrhyncha as shown by the fossil record. In: Schaefer CW, editor. Studies of Hemiptera Phylogeny. Lanham (Maryland): Proc Thomas Say Pub Entomol, Entomol Soc Am; p. 9 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1996">Popov and Shcherbakov (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the phylogeny of peloridiids, but their hypotheses are not testable for methodological reasons’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[828,1514,932,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
It is interesting to note that the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Popov and Shcherbakov" authorityYear="1991" box="[1230,1378,1023,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Hoploridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hoploridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann, 2022" authorityName="Burckhardt & Nel & Raisch & Poschmann" authorityYear="2022" box="[829,944,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Progonocimicidae" genus="Permoridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fresenaci" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[829,944,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. fresenaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[954,1115,1054,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the presence of large cells subdivided into numerous smaller cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |