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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ecae6832-18ff-41f8-9f7e-63fd6a4122a8" ID-PMC="PMC7270079" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-148-93" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E24FB559022652B69FD3573C5C5DDC08" ID-PubMed="32536786" ModsDocID="1314-2003-148-93" checkinTime="1590560128811" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hori, Kiyotaka" docDate="2020" docId="DE234CD567DC5277973E050C6A269780" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 148: 93-104" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 148" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589" docTitle="Athyrium bipinnatum K. Hori 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E24FB559022652B69FD3573C5C5DDC08" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="E24FB559022652B69FD3573C5C5DDC08" masterDocTitle="Athyrium bipinnatum K. Hori (Athyriaceae), a new cornopteroid fern from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1668139808228" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Athyrium bipinnatum K. Hori (Athyriaceae), a new cornopteroid fern from Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hori, Kiyotaka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, Kochi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">khori@makino.or.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>148</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>93</mods:start>
<mods:end>104</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-148-93</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E24FB559022652B69FD3573C5C5DDC08</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164360783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE234CD567DC5277973E050C6A269780" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE234CD567DC5277973E050C6A269780" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName LSID="DE234CD5-67DC-5277-973E-050C6A269780" authority="K. Hori" authorityName="K. Hori" authorityYear="2020" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyrium bipinnatum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatum" status="sp. nov.">Athyrium bipinnatum K.Hori</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="93">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Athyrium bipinnatum K. Hori. A Habit B detail of adaxial pinnule C detail of abaxial pinnule D lower stipe scale E spore. A-E from the holotype (MAK 466762) (illustration by K. Hori)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/413891" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. christensenianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="christensenianum">
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
christensenianum
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.38.87" author="Koidzumi, G" journalOrPublisher="The Botanical Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="87 - 113" refId="B14" refString="Koidzumi, G, 1924. Contributiones and Cognitionem Florae Asiae Orientalis. The Botanical Magazine 38: 87 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.38.87" title="Contributiones and Cognitionem Florae Asiae Orientalis." url="https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.38.87" volume="38" year="1924">Koidzumi 1924</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.44.7" author="Nakai, T" journalOrPublisher="The Botanical Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="7 - 40" refId="B17" refString="Nakai, T, 1930. Notulae ad planta Japoniae &amp; Koreae XXXVIII. The Botanical Magazine 44 (517): 7 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.44.7" title="Notulae ad planta Japoniae &amp; Koreae XXXVIII." url="https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.44.7" volume="44" year="1930">Nakai 1930</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kato, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="101 - 118" refId="B13" refString="Kato, M, 1979. Taxonomic study of the genus Cornopteris (Athyriaceae). Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 30: 101 - 118" title="Taxonomic study of the genus Cornopteris (Athyriaceae)." volume="30" year="1979">Kato 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Serizawa, S" journalOrPublisher="Shokubutsu Kenkyu Zasshi" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="193 - 199" refId="B22" refString="Serizawa, S, 1981. Taxonomical notes on Asian ferns (7). Shokubutsu Kenkyu Zasshi 56: 193 - 199" title="Taxonomical notes on Asian ferns (7)." volume="56" year="1981">Serizawa 1981</bibRefCitation>
) as it has serrated pinnae and exindusiate sori. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more short stipes (10-20 cm long), smaller blades (20-40 cm
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14-20 cm), 2-pinnate pinnae in the middle of the blades, and fronds with dark green adaxial surfaces. In contrast,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. christensenianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="christensenianum">
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
christensenianum
</taxonomicName>
has longer stipes (25-40 cm long), larger blades (30-60 cm
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
25-40 cm), 2-pinnate pinnatifid pinnae in the middle of the blades, and fronds with light green adaxial surfaces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
Japan. Shikoku: Kochi prefecture, Ochi town, Mt. Yokogura,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="33.53639">33°32'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="133" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="133.20917">133°12'33&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 664 m, planted coniferous forest containing
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cryptomeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cryptomeria japonica" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Cryptomeria japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thunb. ex L.f.) D.Don, on soil, 29 Jun 2019,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">K. Hori 3277</emphasis>
(holotype: MAK466762; isotype: MBK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Terrestrial, summer green fern</emphasis>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Rhizomes</emphasis>
creeping, occasionally 2-branched, stramineous, 8-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.5 cm, closely set with roots and persistent, densely clothed by old stipe bases, glabrous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">fronds</emphasis>
1-3 per rhizome;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">stipes</emphasis>
stramineous or slightly purple-red, 7-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.8 cm, sparsely clothed with stramineous to dark brown scales at the base (3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.5 mm), lanceolate;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">blades</emphasis>
dark green adaxially, 3-pinnatilobed at the base, 2-pinnate in the middle to upper section, pinnatifid at the apex, 20-40
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14-20 cm, deltoid;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">rachises</emphasis>
stramineous or slightly purple-red, dark brown, abaxially densely pilose, several projections 0.1 mm long on the adaxial surface at the bases of costae;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">pinnae</emphasis>
7-11 pairs, ascending, lanceolate, opposite from the base to the middle, alternate in the apex section of the blade, petioled (1-3 mm), sessile near the apex, closely spaced or overlapping, lowest pinnae slightly reduced, second lowest pair usually largest, 6-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-3 cm;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">pinnules</emphasis>
, alternate on the basal and middle sections of the blade, opposite on the apex of the blade, 10-20 pairs on the basal and middle sections of the blade, 8-10 pairs on the apex of the blade, reduced distally, ovate to lanceolate, shallowly serrate to lobed, margin subcartilaginous, vein-free, close to or reaching to the margin, 3-8 pairs in the middle lobe;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">the most basiscopic pinnules on the lowest pinnae</emphasis>
clearly short, independent from the costa, 0.6-1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.5 cm;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">sori</emphasis>
tend to appear on the abaxial surface of the middle part of blades, short linear- or oblong-shaped, single, 1.5-5 mm long, on the apex or middle of veinlets, 1-5 per ultimate segment, exindusiate, rather persistent;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">spores</emphasis>
regular shaped, 64 regular-shaped spores per sporangium, fertile, ovoid, wrinkled, 42-54
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
29-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, brown.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/413891" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Hori" authorityYear="2020" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyrium bipinnatum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Athyrium bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
K.Hori.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
detail of adaxial pinnule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
detail of abaxial pinnule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">D</emphasis>
lower stipe scale
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E</emphasis>
spore.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A-E</emphasis>
from the holotype (MAK466762) (illustration by K. Hori).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Hori" authorityYear="2020" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyrium bipinnatum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Athyrium bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named as a new species with bipinnate blades, which distinguish it from
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. christensenianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="christensenianum">
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
christensenianum
</taxonomicName>
. This new species could be one of the parents of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. christensenianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="christensenianum">
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
christensenianum
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hori, K" journalOrPublisher="Series; Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="59 - 62" refId="B7" refString="Hori, K, 2019. The origin of fern Athyrium christensenianum (Koidz.) Seriz. (Athyriaceae). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series; Botanica 61: 59 - 62" title="The origin of fern Athyrium christensenianum (Koidz.) Seriz. (Athyriaceae). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia." volume="61" year="2019">Hori 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Japan. Honshu</emphasis>
: Wakayama pref., Ito county, Kouya town, Mt. Kouyasann, Okunoin, alt. 800 m 7 Aug1954, coll.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">M. Tagawa</emphasis>
(NMNH 01529356, image!);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, ca. 800 m alt., 7 Aug 1954, coll.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">S.K.</emphasis>
(MAK139!);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, on soil under planted coniferous forest containing
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, alt. 800 m, 19 Aug 2019,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">K. Hori 3324</emphasis>
(MAK); Mie pref., Taki county, Miyagawa village, Doukuradani, alt. 1000 m, 6 Aug 1962, coll.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Y. Higuchi</emphasis>
(TNS471359, image!); Nara pref., Tenkawa village, Mt. Gyojagaeridake, 15 Jul 1954, coll.
<taxonomicName genus="Iwastuki" lsidName="Iwastuki" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Iwastuki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MAK 26788!);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, Dorokawa, Mitarai valley, on soil under planted coniferous forest containing
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, alt. 840 m, 20 Aug 2019,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">K. Hori 3326</emphasis>
(MAK).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Shikoku</emphasis>
: Kochi pref., Ochi town, Mt. Yokogurayama, 24 May 1956,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Iwatsuki 1603</emphasis>
(PE, NMNH, MNHN, images! MAK! TI!);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, on soil under planted coniferous forest containing
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, alt. 800 m, 30 May 2019,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">K. Hori 2974</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2975</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2976</emphasis>
(MAK, MBK);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, Aki county, Umaji village, Yanase, 19 June 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Y. Koukami M83-163</emphasis>
(MBK);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, Muroto city, Kiragawa town, Nishinogawa river, l4 July 1976,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Y. Kazuoki 6614</emphasis>
(MBK).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Kyushu</emphasis>
: Fukuoka pref., Maebara town, Mt. Haganeyama, cultivated at Koishikawa Botanical Garden of Tokyo University, 17 June 2019,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">K. Hori 3268</emphasis>
(MAK);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">loc. cit.</emphasis>
, Kaho county, Chikuho town, Mt. Toishiyama, 17 July 1966,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">S. Tsutsui 2655</emphasis>
(TNS, image!); Oita pref., Takeda city, Kuju town, Mt. Kurodake, alt. 1140, 31 Aug 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">S. Tsuji TJ-4346</emphasis>
(MAK).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
Key to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and closely related species in Japan
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">Blades 2-pinnate pinnatifid in the middle section, yellowish green or light green adaxially</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">Blades 2-pinnate or 1-pinnate pinnatifid in the middle section, dark green adaxially</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">Blades yellowish green adaxially, pinnule in the middle section of blade deeply serrated on margin, spores regular</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. crenulatoserrulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="crenulatoserrulatum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. crenulatoserrulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">Blades light green adaxially, pinnule in the middle section of blade shallowly serrated on margin, spores abortive</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. christensenianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="christensenianum">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
christensenianum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">Blades 2-pinnate, pinnae straight, sori often single</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">Blades 1-pinnate pinnatifid, pinnae curved to the apex, sori often lobed</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. decurrentialatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="decurrentialatum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. decurrentialatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Hori" authorityYear="2020" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyrium bipinnatum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Athyrium bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the western part of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu in Japan (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Map showing the known distribution of Athyrium bipinnatum in Japan." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/413892" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">5</figureCitation>
). It was observed to grow on soil under planted coniferous forest containing
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cryptomeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cryptomeria japonica" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Cryptomeria japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at ca. 600-1100 m alt. This species is endemic to Japan.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.51589.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/413892" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Map showing the known distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Hori" authorityYear="2020" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyrium bipinnatum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Athyrium bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Japan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">IUCN Red List Category.</emphasis>
Based on estimates from GeoCAT, the EOO of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was 53,068 km2; however, this estimate should be smaller because this EOO contains an area of sea around Japan. Wild deer are known to eat
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.), so individual numbers within populations are currently decreasing and population reduction is occurring now. The known AOO of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 44 km2. Based on the IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Series; Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Criteria Review Working Group. IUCN, Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Criteria Review Working Group. IUCN, Cambridge." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Series; Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" refId="B11" refString="IUCN, 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." title="Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipinnatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="bipinnatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A. bipinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls into the Endangered (EN) category. A formal evaluation of endangerment can be summarized by the following IUCN hierarchical alphanumeric coding system of criteria and subcriteria: EN A1abc+A2+C1+C2a(i).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>