1963 lines
353 KiB
XML
1963 lines
353 KiB
XML
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<mods:title>Revealing two centuries of confusion: new insights on nomenclature and systematic position of Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802) (auctt.), with description of a new species from India (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Deepak, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Zoology (Museum fu ̈ r Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany & Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW 7 5 BD, UK & Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">veerappandeepak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Narayanan, Surya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Mohapatra, Pratyush P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-297X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Dutta, Sushil K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Assam Don Bosco University, Tapesia garden, Kamarkuchi, Sonapur, Tepesia, Assam - 782402, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Melvinselvan, Gnanaselvan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Khan, Ashaharraza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Indian Herpetological Society, Pune, Maharashtra 411 009, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Mahlow, Kristin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut fuer Evolutions- und Biodiversitaetsforschung, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Tillack, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut fuer Evolutions- und Biodiversitaetsforschung, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191979802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:578FDE4A8F085514842A75FD8A07C135" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/578FDE4A8F085514842A75FD8A07C135" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName LSID="578FDE4A-8F08-5514-842A-75FD8A07C135" authority="(Merrem, 1820) comb. nov. - Banded racer" authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">Platyceps plinii (Merrem, 1820) comb. nov. - Banded racer</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coluber</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell 1796</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 34-35, pl. 29 [reproduced here in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. A. Lectotype of Natrix plinii Merrem, 1820, " Patza Tutta " from " Casemcottah " reproduced from Russell (1796, pl. 29), and B. " Die halbbandierte Natte Bechstein (1802, pl. 44, fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542387" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">5 A</figureCitation>
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], "Patza Tutta", from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Casemcottah”">"Casemcottah"</normalizedToken>
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[=Kasimkota village Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh state, India; see Note 1], two specimens coll. Captain Gowdie and Lieutenant Whyte;
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<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B21" refString="Anonymous, 1796. [? Gmelin, F. J.] An account of Indian serpents collected on the coast of Coromandel, [...]. In: Goettingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen unter Aufsicht der koenigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. 167. Stueck. Den 17. October 1796. Goettingische Anzeigen [etc.], Der zweyte Band auf das Jahr 1796, 1665-1670 [review of Russell (1796)]." title="[? Gmelin, F. J.] An account of Indian serpents collected on the coast of Coromandel, [...]. In: Goettingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen unter Aufsicht der koenigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. 167. Stueck. Den 17. October 1796. Goettingische Anzeigen [etc.], Der zweyte Band auf das Jahr 1796, 1665 - 1670 [review of Russell (1796)]." year="1796">Anonymous 1796</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 1667, "Patza Tutta";
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<bibRefCitation author="Gmelin, JF" journalOrPublisher="Goettingisches Journal der Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 54" refId="B152" refString="Gmelin, JF, 1798. Auszug aus Patr. Russell's Nachricht von indischen Schlangen. Goettingisches Journal der Naturwissenschaften 1 (3): 1 - 54" title="Auszug aus Patr. Russell's Nachricht von indischen Schlangen." volume="1" year="1798">Gmelin 1798</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 26, "Patza Tutta";
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<bibRefCitation author="Bechstein, JM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B36" refString="Bechstein, JM, 1802. Herrn de la Cepede's Naturgeschichte der Amphibien oder der eyerlegenden vierfuessigen Thiere und der Schlangen. Eine Fortsetzung von Buffon's Naturgeschichte. Aus dem Franzoesischen uebersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusaetzen versehen. Vierter Band. Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar, xx+298 pp., 48 pls." title="Herrn de la Cepede's Naturgeschichte der Amphibien oder der eyerlegenden vierfuessigen Thiere und der Schlangen. Eine Fortsetzung von Buffon's Naturgeschichte. Aus dem Franzoesischen uebersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusaetzen versehen. Vierter Band. Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar, xx + 298 pp., 48 pls." year="1802">Bechstein 1802</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 273 f., pl. 44, fig. 2, "Die halbbandierte Natter" or "Patza Tutta" [reproduced here in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. A. Lectotype of Natrix plinii Merrem, 1820, " Patza Tutta " from " Casemcottah " reproduced from Russell (1796, pl. 29), and B. " Die halbbandierte Natte Bechstein (1802, pl. 44, fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542387" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">5 B</figureCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gmelin, JF" journalOrPublisher="Lewis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B153" refString="Gmelin, JF, 1809. A genuine and universal system of natural history; comprising the three kingdoms of animals, vegtetables, and minerals, arranged under their respective classes, orders, genera, and species by the late Sir Charles Linnaeus [...] improved, corrected and enlarged. Volume the Twelfth [Reptiles]. W. Lewis, London" title="A genuine and universal system of natural history; comprising the three kingdoms of animals, vegtetables, and minerals, arranged under their respective classes, orders, genera, and species by the late Sir Charles Linnaeus [...] improved, corrected and enlarged. Volume the Twelfth [Reptiles]. W." year="1809">Gmelin 1809</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 685 f. "Patza Tutta";
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilkes, J" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B411" refString="Wilkes, J, 1810. Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Comprehending, under one general alphabetical arrangement, all the words and substance of every kind of dictionary extant in the English language. [etc.]. Compiled, digested, and arranged, by John Wilkes, of Milland House, in the county of Sussex, esquire; assisted by eminent scholars of the English Scotch, and Irish, universities, Vol. IV, (1)+(2)+911+(1) pp., 67 pls. [Coluber pls. 47-62]." title="Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Comprehending, under one general alphabetical arrangement, all the words and substance of every kind of dictionary extant in the English language. [etc.]. Compiled, digested, and arranged, by John Wilkes, of Milland House, in the county of Sussex, esquire; assisted by eminent scholars of the English Scotch, and Irish, universities, Vol. IV, (1) + (2) + 911 + (1) pp., 67 pls. [Coluber pls. 47 - 62]." year="1810">Wilkes 1810</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 813 "Patza tutta"; Buhle et al. 1835, p. 97, "Die halbbandierte Natter, (Patza Tutta)".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">Coluber pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daudin, 1803, p. 347-349, "La Coleuvre Peinte", type locality "Casem-Cottah, au Bengale", based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1796
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34-35, pl. 29) account of "Patza Tutta", holotype not located;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cuvier, G" journalOrPublisher="The Indian Medical Gazette" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B79" refString="Cuvier, G, Dumeril, AMC, 1818. Coleuvre, Coluber. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, [etc.], XI. Cos-Cris., 170-216." title="Coleuvre, Coluber. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, [etc.], XI. Cos-Cris., 170 - 216." year="1818">
|
||
Cuvier and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
|
||
1818
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 190,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“patza-tutta”">"patza-tutta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boie, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B48" refString="Boie, F, 1827. Bemerkungen ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg, 1820, 1te Lieferung, Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20(6): col. 508-566." title="Bemerkungen ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg, 1820, 1 te Lieferung, Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20 (6): col. 508 - 566." year="1827">Boie 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, col. 524;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B312" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens. J. Kips, J.Hz. and W.P. Stockum, La Haye, Partie Generale: (3)+(1)+xxviii+251 pp., Partie Descriptive: (1)+606+xv+(1) pp., Atlas: (1)+(1)pp., 21 pls., 3 maps, 2 tables." title="Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens. J. Kips, J. Hz. and W. P. Stockum, La Haye, Partie Generale: (3) + (1) + xxviii + 251 pp., Partie Descriptive: (1) + 606 + xv + (1) pp., Atlas: (1) + (1) pp., 21 pls., 3 maps, 2 tables." year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pt. Descriptive, p. 172;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Traill, TS" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B371" refString="Traill, TS, 1843. (1843) Essay on the physiognomy of Serpents. By H. Schlegel [etc.]. - Maclachlan, Steward and Co., Edinburgh, vii+254+(1) pp., 2 pls., 1 map. [English translation of the "Partie Generale" of Schlegel (1837)]." title="(1843) Essay on the physiognomy of Serpents. By H. Schlegel [etc.]. - Maclachlan, Steward and Co., Edinburgh, vii + 254 + (1) pp., 2 pls., 1 map. [English translation of the " Partie Generale " of Schlegel (1837)]." year="1843">Traill 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 148;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B58" refString="Cantor, T, 1847a. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607-656+897-952+1026-1078, 2 pls." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607 - 656 + 897 - 952 + 1026 - 1078, 2 pls." year="1847 a">Cantor 1847a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 67;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B59" refString="Cantor, T, 1847b. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." year="1847 b">Cantor 1847b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 913;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jerdon, TC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B190" refString="Jerdon, TC, 1853. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 22(5): 462-479, (6): 522-534." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 22 (5): 462 - 479, (6): 522 - 534." year="1853">Jerdon 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 529;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blyth, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B44" refString="Blyth, E, 1854. Report of the Curator. Zoological Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1853] 22(4): 408-417." title="Report of the Curator. Zoological Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1853] 22 (4): 408 - 417." year="1854">Blyth 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 416;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blyth, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B45" refString="Blyth, E, 1855a. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1854] 23(3): 287-302." title="Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1854] 23 (3): 287 - 302." year="1855 a">Blyth 1855a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 292 [nec
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">Coluber pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gmelin, 1789, p. 1116; nec
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">Coluber pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Georgi, 1801, p. 1883; nec
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">Coluber pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pallas, 1814, p. 54 [sic], 45; nec
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">Coluber pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Theobald, 1868a, p. 45; all primary homonyms].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Natrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Natrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" genus="Plinii" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="genus">Plinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merrem, 1820, p. 101 f., "halbbandierte [Natter]", type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengalen”">"Bengalen"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, restricted here to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Casemcottah”">"Casemcottah"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(= Kasimkota village, Andhra Pradesh state, India; see Appendix Note 1), based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1796
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34-35 pl. 29) account of "Patza Tutta", type material not located, lectotype by present designation: specimen depicted on plate 29 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell (1796)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B22" refString="Anonymous, 1822. Tentamen Systematics Amphibiorum. Auctore Blasio Merrem. Isis von Oken 1(4): col. 688-704. [review of Merrem (1820)]." title="Tentamen Systematics Amphibiorum. Auctore Blasio Merrem. Isis von Oken 1 (4): col. 688 - 704. [review of Merrem (1820)]." year="1822">Anonymous 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, col. 693.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">Coluber plinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boie, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B48" refString="Boie, F, 1827. Bemerkungen ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg, 1820, 1te Lieferung, Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20(6): col. 508-566." title="Bemerkungen ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg, 1820, 1 te Lieferung, Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20 (6): col. 508 - 566." year="1827">Boie 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, col. 524;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B312" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens. J. Kips, J.Hz. and W.P. Stockum, La Haye, Partie Generale: (3)+(1)+xxviii+251 pp., Partie Descriptive: (1)+606+xv+(1) pp., Atlas: (1)+(1)pp., 21 pls., 3 maps, 2 tables." title="Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens. J. Kips, J. Hz. and W. P. Stockum, La Haye, Partie Generale: (3) + (1) + xxviii + 251 pp., Partie Descriptive: (1) + 606 + xv + (1) pp., Atlas: (1) + (1) pp., 21 pls., 3 maps, 2 tables." year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pt. Descriptive, p. 172;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Traill, TS" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B371" refString="Traill, TS, 1843. (1843) Essay on the physiognomy of Serpents. By H. Schlegel [etc.]. - Maclachlan, Steward and Co., Edinburgh, vii+254+(1) pp., 2 pls., 1 map. [English translation of the "Partie Generale" of Schlegel (1837)]." title="(1843) Essay on the physiognomy of Serpents. By H. Schlegel [etc.]. - Maclachlan, Steward and Co., Edinburgh, vii + 254 + (1) pp., 2 pls., 1 map. [English translation of the " Partie Generale " of Schlegel (1837)]." year="1843">Traill 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 148;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B58" refString="Cantor, T, 1847a. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607-656+897-952+1026-1078, 2 pls." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607 - 656 + 897 - 952 + 1026 - 1078, 2 pls." year="1847 a">Cantor 1847a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 67;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B59" refString="Cantor, T, 1847b. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." year="1847 b">Cantor 1847b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 913;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blyth, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B45" refString="Blyth, E, 1855a. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1854] 23(3): 287-302." title="Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1854] 23 (3): 287 - 302." year="1855 a">Blyth 1855a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 292;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 219 [wrongly attributed as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" genus="D." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="pictus">D. pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gmelin].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber curvirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">Coluber curvirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cantor, 1839: 51, type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengal”">"Bengal"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, holotype not located, an unpublished original sketch depicting the iconotype is kept in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, U.K.), [reproduced here in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. Previously unpublished original painting (no. 7) of the holotype of Coluber curvirostris Cantor, 1839 from Cantor's original manuscript entitled " Indian Serpents-Innocuous-Collected, figured & described (1831 - 1837) ", kept in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, U. K. (see Appendix, Note 2). Reproduced with permission from the Bodleian Library, Oxford, U. K." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542389" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">7</figureCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B57" refString="Cantor, T, 1841. Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum. The Calcutta Journal of Natural History 1: 76-79+80-86 [reprint of Cantor 1839]." title="Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum. The Calcutta Journal of Natural History 1: 76 - 79 + 80 - 86 [reprint of Cantor 1839]." year="1841">Cantor 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 82.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Coluber fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mason, F" journalOrPublisher="IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B243" refString="Mason, F, 1861. Burmah, its people and natural productions or notes on the nations, fauna, flora, and minerals of Tenasserim, Pegu and Burmah, with systematic catalogues of the known mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, insects, mollusks, crustaceans, annalids, radiates, plants and minerals, with vernacular names. Trubner & Co., London, [1860], xvii+913 pp. [second edition]" title="Burmah, its people and natural productions or notes on the nations, fauna, flora, and minerals of Tenasserim, Pegu and Burmah, with systematic catalogues of the known mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, insects, mollusks, crustaceans, annalids, radiates, plants and minerals, with vernacular names. Trubner & Co., London, [1860], xvii + 913 pp. [second edition]" year="1861">Mason 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 708;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B348" refString="Smith, MA, 1928. The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 10, 1(4): 494-497." title="The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 10, 1 (4): 494 - 497." year="1928">Smith 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 495;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 170, [partim], p. 529 [partim, Hardwicke sketches vol. II, plate 62, 63 only, the latter reproduced here in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. Previously unpublished original colour-painting from the Thomas Hardwicke collection of sketches (Volume II, sketch 63) kept in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum, London, U. K. (see also Smith 1943, p. 529). Reproduced with permission from the Natural History Museum, London, U. K." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542390" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">8</figureCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Constable, JD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="59 - 160" refId="B74" refString="Constable, JD, 1949. Reptiles from the Indian Peninsula in the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy 103 (2): 59 - 160" title="Reptiles from the Indian Peninsula in the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy." volume="103" year="1949">Constable 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 127;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, EH" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="519 - 603" refId="B361" refString="Taylor, EH, 1950. A brief review of Ceylonese snakes. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 33 (14): 519 - 603" title="A brief review of Ceylonese snakes." volume="33" year="1950">Taylor 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 546;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deranyiagala, PEP" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B103" refString="Deranyiagala, PEP, 1955. A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Volume three. Serpentoid reptilia. Government Press, Colombo, vii+(1)+49 pls. +(5)+121 pp." title="A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Volume three. Serpentoid reptilia. Government Press, Colombo, vii + (1) + 49 pls. + (5) + 121 pp." year="1955">Deranyiagala 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 25;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Minton, SA [jr]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B249" refString="Minton, SA [jr], 1962. An annotated key to the amphibians and reptiles of Sind and Las Bela, West Pakistan. American Museum Novitates 2081: 1 - 60" title="An annotated key to the amphibians and reptiles of Sind and Las Bela, West Pakistan." volume="2081" year="1962">Minton 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 17;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swan, LW" journalOrPublisher="," pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="103 - 147" refId="B359" refString="Swan, LW, Leviton, AE, 1962. The herpetology of Nepal: A history, checklist, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4. Ser., 32 (6): 103 - 147" title="The herpetology of Nepal: A history, checklist, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4. Ser." volume="32" year="1962">Swan and Leviton 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 140;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="161 - 171" refId="B19" refString="Anderson, JA, 1964. A report on the Gecko Teratolepis fasciata (Blyth, 1853). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61 (1): 161 - 171" title="A report on the Gecko Teratolepis fasciata (Blyth, 1853)." volume="61" year="1964">Anderson 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 163;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Minton, SA [jr]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B250" refString="Minton, SA [jr], 1966. A contribution of the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 134(2): 27-184, pl. 9-36." title="A contribution of the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 134 (2): 27 - 184, pl. 9 - 36." year="1966">Minton 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 123;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Underwood, G" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B373" refString="Underwood, G, 1967. A contribution to the classification of snakes. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), x+179 pp." title="A contribution to the classification of snakes. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), x + 179 pp." year="1967">Underwood 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 134;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mertens, R" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B246" refString="Mertens, R, 1969. Die Amphibien und Reptilien West-Pakistans. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde 197: 1 - 96" title="Die Amphibien und Reptilien West-Pakistans." volume="197" year="1969">Mertens 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 54;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, L" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="185 - 236" refId="B345" refString="Singh, L, 1972. Evolution of karyotypes in snakes. Chromosoma 38: 185 - 236" title="Evolution of karyotypes in snakes." volume="38" year="1972">Singh 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 190 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolata">Coluber fasciolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Waltner, RC" journalOrPublisher="Cheetal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="14 - 19" refId="B399" refString="Waltner, RC, 1973. Geographical and altitudinal distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Himalayas (Part 3). Cheetal 16 (3): 14 - 19" title="Geographical and altitudinal distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Himalayas (Part 3)." volume="16" year="1973">Waltner 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, RC" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination=": 171" refId="B334" refString="Sharma, RC, Diksit, VK, 1976. Occurrence of Banded Racer, Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes. Colubridae) in Rajasthan. Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of India 2 (4): 171" title="Occurrence of Banded Racer, Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes. Colubridae) in Rajasthan." volume="2" year="1976">Sharma and Diksit 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 171;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="145 - 157" refId="B208" refString="Khan, MS, 1977. Checklist and key to the snakes of Jhang District, Punjab, Pakistan. Biologia 23 (2): 145 - 157" title="Checklist and key to the snakes of Jhang District, Punjab, Pakistan." volume="23" year="1977">Khan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 147; de Silva, P.H.D.H. 1980, p. 256 f;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mahendra, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Annales of Zoology, Agra - 2 (India), 22" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B237" refString="Mahendra, BC, 1984. Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The Annales of Zoology, Agra - 2 (India), 22" title="Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh, and Pakistan." year="1984">Mahendra 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 289;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, RL" journalOrPublisher="Tribhuvan University, Natural History Museum, Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B338" refString="Shrestha, RL, Shah, KB, 1985. Nepalka sarpaharu [Snakes of Nepal]. Tribhuvan University, Natural History Museum, Kathmandu" title="Nepalka sarpaharu [Snakes of Nepal]." year="1985">Shrestha and Shah 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 51;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amr, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="179 - 266" refId="B15" refString="Amr, ZS, Disi, AM, 2011. Systematics, distribution and ecology of the snakes of Jordan. Vertebrate Zoology 61 (2): 179 - 266" title="Systematics, distribution and ecology of the snakes of Jordan." volume="61" year="2011">Amr and Disi 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 191.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronella baliodeira" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baliodeira">Coronella baliodeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B58" refString="Cantor, T, 1847a. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607-656+897-952+1026-1078, 2 pls." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607 - 656 + 897 - 952 + 1026 - 1078, 2 pls." year="1847 a">Cantor 1847a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 67 [partim, "Patza Tutta"];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B59" refString="Cantor, T, 1847b. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." year="1847 b">Cantor 1847b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 913 [partim, "Patza Tutta"], [non
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronella baliodeira" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baliodeira">Coronella baliodeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
Boie, 1827].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Duméril & Bibron, 1854" authorityName="Duméril & Bibron" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coryphodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coryphodon fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Coryphodon fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B160" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1858. Catalogue of colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xvi+281 pp. [reprinted 1971 by Alden Press, Oxford]." title="Catalogue of colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xvi + 281 pp. [reprinted 1971 by Alden Press, Oxford]." year="1858">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1858
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 109 [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beddome, RH" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B37" refString="Beddome, RH, 1862. Notes upon the land and fresh-water snakes of the Madras presidency. The Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science 5: 1-31, pl. 2." title="Notes upon the land and fresh-water snakes of the Madras presidency. The Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science 5: 1 - 31, pl. 2." year="1862">Beddome 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 16 f. [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="337 - 344" refId="B76" refString="Cope, ED, 1863. Notes upon some reptiles of the Old World. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14 (1862): 337 - 344" title="Notes upon some reptiles of the Old World." volume="14" year="1863">Cope 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 338;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Lewis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B156" refString="Gray, JE, 1863. Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes of Nepal and Tibet, presented by B. H. Hodgson, ESQ., to the British Museum. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, second edition, xii+90 pp." title="Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes of Nepal and Tibet, presented by B. H. Hodgson, ESQ., to the British Museum. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, second edition, xii + 90 pp." year="1863">Gray 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 83;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jan, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B189" refString="Jan, G, 1863. Elenco sistematico degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l'Iconografia generale. A. Lombardi, Milano, vii+143 pp." title="Elenco sistematico degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l'Iconografia generale. A. Lombardi, Milano, vii + 143 pp." year="1863">Jan 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 64 [partim].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Colubridae" genus="Tyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tyria" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tyria</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolata">Coluber fasciolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="337 - 344" refId="B76" refString="Cope, ED, 1863. Notes upon some reptiles of the Old World. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14 (1862): 337 - 344" title="Notes upon some reptiles of the Old World." volume="14" year="1863">Cope 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 338.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zamenis fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Zamenis fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B164" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1864. The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii+452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." title="The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii + 452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." year="1864">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1864
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 254 f., [partim]. pl. 21, fig. F;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B365" refString="Theobald, W, 1868a. Catalogue of Reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Extra Number, vi+82 pp., Appendix i-iii." title="Catalogue of Reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Extra Number, vi + 82 pp., Appendix i-iii." year="1868 a">Theobald 1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 47;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report and List of Accessions" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="43 - 46" refId="B23" refString="Anonymous, 1870. Accessions to the Museum in July 1870 II. Reptilia. Indian Museum. Annual Report and List of Accessions 1870: 43 - 46" title="Accessions to the Museum in July 1870 II. Reptilia. Indian Museum." volume="1870" year="1870">Anonymous 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 46;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="12 - 39" refId="B17" refString="Anderson, J, 1871. A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II) 40 (1): 12 - 39" title="A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species." volume="40" year="1871">Anderson 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Kaiserlich-Koenigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B357" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871a. Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians (Abstract). Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, September issue: 191-192." title="Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians (Abstract). Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, September issue: 191 - 192." year="1871 a">Stoliczka 1871a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 191;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Kaiserlich-Koenigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B358" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871b. Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40(2): 421-445, pl. 25+26." title="Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40 (2): 421 - 445, pl. 25 + 26." year="1871 b">Stoliczka 1871b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 431;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholson, E" journalOrPublisher="Ceylon Journal of Science, Section D" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B265" refString="Nicholson, E, 1874. Indian Snakes. An elementary treatise on ophiology with a descriptive catalogue of the snakes found in India and the adjoining countries. Higginbotham & Co., Madras, 8+188 pp., 22 pls. [second edition]." title="Indian Snakes. An elementary treatise on ophiology with a descriptive catalogue of the snakes found in India and the adjoining countries. Higginbotham & Co., Madras, 8 + 188 pp., 22 pls. [second edition]." year="1874">Nicholson 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 87, pl. 13, fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B367" refString="Theobald, W, 1876. Descriptive Catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 1-238, i-xxxviii, Appendix i-viii, 6 pls." title="Descriptive Catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 1 - 238, i-xxxviii, Appendix i-viii, 6 pls." year="1876">Theobald 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 170 f. [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report and List of Accessions" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="40 - 45" refId="B24" refString="Anonymous, 1877. Accessions to the Indian Museum from 1st April 1876 to 31st March 1877. Reptilia, Amphibia. Indian Museum. Annual Report and List of Accessions 1877: 40 - 45" title="Accessions to the Indian Museum from 1 st April 1876 to 31 st March 1877. Reptilia, Amphibia. Indian Museum." volume="1877" year="1877">Anonymous 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 44;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson, W" journalOrPublisher="Printer, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B126" refString="Ferguson, W, 1877. Reptile fauna of Ceylon. Letter on a collection sent to the Colombo Museum. William Henry Herbert, Govt. Printer, Colombo" title="Reptile fauna of Ceylon. Letter on a collection sent to the Colombo Museum. William Henry Herbert, Govt." year="1877">Ferguson 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 19;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="110 - 116" refId="B43" refString="Blanford, WT, 1879. Notes on a collection of reptiles and frogs from the neighbourhood of Ellore and Dumagudem. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II) 48 (12): 110 - 116" title="Notes on a collection of reptiles and frogs from the neighbourhood of Ellore and Dumagudem." volume="48" year="1879">Blanford 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 114;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller, F" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="274 - 299" refId="B255" refString="Mueller, F, 1884. Dritter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verhandelungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 7 (2): 274 - 299" title="Dritter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums." volume="7" year="1884">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
1884
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 285;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Phipson, HM" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B282" refString="Phipson, HM, 1886. Catalogue of snakes in the society's collection. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society [1886] 1: 84-86." title="Catalogue of snakes in the society's collection. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society [1886] 1: 84 - 86." year="1886">Phipson 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 84;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haly, A" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B167" refString="Haly, A, 1886. First report on a collection of snakes in the Colombo Museum. Presented by the Committee of the Colombo Museum, 18 pp." title="First report on a collection of snakes in the Colombo Museum. Presented by the Committee of the Colombo Museum, 18 pp." year="1886">Haly 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B50" refString="Boulenger, G, 1890. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii+541 pp." title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii + 541 pp." year="1890">Boulenger 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 327 [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haly, A" journalOrPublisher="The Government Printing Works, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B168" refString="Haly, A, 1891. Report on the collection of reptilia & batrachia in the Colombo Museum. The Government Printing Works, Colombo" title="Report on the collection of reptilia & batrachia in the Colombo Museum." year="1891">Haly 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 3, 21;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sclater, W" journalOrPublisher="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, Wuppertal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B315" refString="Sclater, W, 1891. List of Snakes in the Indian Museum. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, x+79 pp." title="List of Snakes in the Indian Museum. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, x + 79 pp." year="1891">Sclater 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 28;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B51" refString="Boulenger, G, 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 1. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, xiii+448 pp., pl. i-xxviii." title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 1. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, xiii + 448 pp., pl. i-xxviii." year="1893">Boulenger 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 404 [partim]; Bethencourt Ferreira 1897, p. 225;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cardew, AG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="585 - 596" refId="B61" refString="Cardew, AG, 1897. A rough key to the identification of Indian ophidia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 10 (4): 585 - 596" title="A rough key to the identification of Indian ophidia." volume="10" year="1897">Cardew 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 593;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Willey, A" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="227 - 234" refId="B412" refString="Willey, A, 1906. Terrestrial Colubridae of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 3: 227 - 234" title="Terrestrial Colubridae of Ceylon." volume="3" year="1906">Willey 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 233;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="101 - 129" refId="B390" refString="Wall, F, 1907. Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 18 (1): 101 - 129" title="Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad." volume="18" year="1907">Wall 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 115; Wall, 1908, p. 21, footnote;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abercromby, AF" journalOrPublisher="Murray & Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B1" refString="Abercromby, AF, 1910. The snakes of Ceylon. Murray & Co., London" title="The snakes of Ceylon." year="1910">Abercromby 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 6; Abercomby 1913, p. 304;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B392" refString="Wall, F, 1913. The poisonous terrestrial snakes of our British Indian Dominions (including Ceylon) and how to recognize them, with symptoms of snake poisoning and treatment. Bombay Natural History Society, x+(2)+(1)+(1)+149+iv+(1) pp. [third edition]." title="The poisonous terrestrial snakes of our British Indian Dominions (including Ceylon) and how to recognize them, with symptoms of snake poisoning and treatment. Bombay Natural History Society, x + (2) + (1) + (1) + 149 + iv + (1) pp. [third edition]." year="1913">Wall 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 20, footnote;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cazaly, HW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B62" refString="Cazaly, HW, 1914. The common snakes of India and Burma and how to recognize them. Allahabad, The Pioneer Press, II+(1)+60+(13)+IV pp. [reprinted 1984 by International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun]." title="The common snakes of India and Burma and how to recognize them. Allahabad, The Pioneer Press, II + (1) + 60 + (13) + IV pp. [reprinted 1984 by International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun]." year="1914">Cazaly 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 26 f.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34, pl. 22 [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Cottle, Government Printer, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B394" refString="Wall, F, 1921. Ophidia Taprobanica or the snakes of Ceylon. H. R. Cottle, Government Printer, Colombo" title="Ophidia Taprobanica or the snakes of Ceylon. H. R." year="1921">Wall 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 191 ff.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Prater, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="151 - 176" refId="B289" refString="Prater, S, 1924. The snakes of the Bombay Island and Salsette. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 30 (1): 151 - 176" title="The snakes of the Bombay Island and Salsette." volume="30" year="1924">Prater 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 157, 169 f;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="598 - 632" refId="B395" refString="Wall, F, 1924. Hand-list of the snakes of the Indian Empire. Part. II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 29 (3): 598 - 632" title="Hand-list of the snakes of the Indian Empire. Part. II." volume="29" year="1924">Wall 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 618;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mullan, JP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="380 - 381" refId="B257" refString="Mullan, JP, 1927. A list of snakes and lizards from Panchgani. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 32 (2): 380 - 381" title="A list of snakes and lizards from Panchgani." volume="32" year="1927">Mullan 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 380;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amaral, A do" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B13" refString="Amaral, A do, 1929. Estudos sobre Ophidios Neotropics. XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de Ophidios Neotropics. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 4: 3 - 68" title="Estudos sobre Ophidios Neotropics. XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de Ophidios Neotropics." volume="4" year="1929">Amaral 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, L" journalOrPublisher="Ceylon Journal of Science, Section D" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="91 - 157" refId="B264" refString="Nicholls, L, 1929. The identification of land snakes of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, Section D 2 (3): 91 - 157" title="The identification of land snakes of Ceylon." volume="2" year="1929">Nicholls 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 116, 128;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B404" refString="Werner, F, 1929. Uebersicht der Gattungen und Arten der Schlangen aus der Familie Colubridae. III. Teil (Colubrinae). Mit einem Nachtrag zu den uebrigen Familien. Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Systematik, Oekologie und Geographie) 57(1/2): 1-196." title="Uebersicht der Gattungen und Arten der Schlangen aus der Familie Colubridae. III. Teil (Colubrinae). Mit einem Nachtrag zu den uebrigen Familien. Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Systematik, Oekologie und Geographie) 57 (1 / 2): 1 - 196." year="1929">Werner 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 65, 71 [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination=": 1084" refId="B145" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1931. An unusually large Shaw's Rat Snake (Zamenis fasciolatus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 34 (4): 1084" title="An unusually large Shaw's Rat Snake (Zamenis fasciolatus)." volume="34" year="1931">Gharpurey 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.1084;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination=": 465" refId="B146" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1932a. Number of the ventral scales in the Fasciolated Dhaman (Z. fasciolatus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35 (2): 465" title="Number of the ventral scales in the Fasciolated Dhaman (Z. fasciolatus)." volume="35" year="1932 a">Gharpurey 1932a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 465;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="(A correction) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination=": 906" refId="B147" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1932b. Note on the Fasciolated Rat Snake (Zamenis fasciolatus). (A correction) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35 (4): 906" title="Note on the Fasciolated Rat Snake (Zamenis fasciolatus)." volume="35" year="1932 b">Gharpurey 1932b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 906;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="272 - 273" refId="B148" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1932c. Snakes in Ahmednagar. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 (1): 272 - 273" title="Snakes in Ahmednagar." volume="36" year="1932 c">Gharpurey 1932c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 273 f.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lindberg, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="690 - 697" refId="B231" refString="Lindberg, K, 1932. Snakes of the Barsi Light Railway (Deccan). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35 (3): 690 - 697" title="Snakes of the Barsi Light Railway (Deccan)." volume="35" year="1932">Lindberg 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 691 ff.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="942 - 944" refId="B149" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1935a. Snakes in Belgaum. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 (4): 942 - 944" title="Snakes in Belgaum." volume="37" year="1935 a">Gharpurey 1935a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 943;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="198 - 200" refId="B150" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1935b. A further list of snakes from Ahmednagar. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 (1): 198 - 200" title="A further list of snakes from Ahmednagar." volume="38" year="1935 b">Gharpurey 1935b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 198;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bourret, R" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B52" refString="Bourret, R, 1936. Les Serpents de l'Indochine. Tome II. Catalogue Systematique Descriptif. Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" title="Les Serpents de l'Indochine. Tome II. Catalogue Systematique Descriptif." year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 175;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fraser, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molecular Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B132" refString="Fraser, A, 1936. The Snakes of Deolali. With notes on their comparative osteology and peculiarities of dentition. Part 1-3. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39(1): 58-82, 36(2): 264-291, 36(3): 464-501." title="The Snakes of Deolali. With notes on their comparative osteology and peculiarities of dentition. Part 1 - 3. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39 (1): 58 - 82, 36 (2): 264 - 291, 36 (3): 464 - 501." year="1936">Fraser 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 58 ff.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lindberg, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="328 - 336" refId="B232" refString="Lindberg, K, 1939. Notes sur une Collection de Serpents du Deccan (Inde). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 64: 328 - 336" title="Notes sur une Collection de Serpents du Deccan (Inde)." volume="64" year="1939">Lindberg 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 333;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Themido, AA" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B364" refString="Themido, AA, 1941. Repteis e Batraquios das Colonias Portuguesas (Catalogo das Coleccoes do Museu Zoologico de Coimbra). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra Ser. 1, 119: 1-28." title="Repteis e Batraquios das Colonias Portuguesas (Catalogo das Coleccoes do Museu Zoologico de Coimbra). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra Ser. 1, 119: 1 - 28." year="1941">Themido 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 20.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A." order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="genus">A.</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">rgyrogena</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena rostrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostrata">Argyrogena rostrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Werner, 1924, p. 51, fig, 4a-c, type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Argentinien”">"Argentinien"</normalizedToken>
|
||
[in error], holotype NMW 18160;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="18 - 24" refId="B122" refString="Dunn, ER, 1928. A tentative key and arrangement of the American genera of Colubridae. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2 (1): 18 - 24" title="A tentative key and arrangement of the American genera of Colubridae." volume="2" year="1928">Dunn 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
p. 23 [
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Argyrogena</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amaral, A do" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B13" refString="Amaral, A do, 1929. Estudos sobre Ophidios Neotropics. XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de Ophidios Neotropics. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 4: 3 - 68" title="Estudos sobre Ophidios Neotropics. XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de Ophidios Neotropics." volume="4" year="1929">Amaral 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena fasciolata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolata">Argyrogena fasciolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 261 [new comb.], [partim];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, PVR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="88 - 93" refId="B224" refString="Kumar, PVR, Kameswaran, S, Rajendran, MV, Rajendran, S, Kutty, MN, 1976. Response of certain fishes and snakes to sound. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 73 (1): 88 - 93" title="Response of certain fishes and snakes to sound." volume="73" year="1976">Kumar et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 92;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramer, E." journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="721 - 761" refId="B221" refString="Kramer, E., 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue suisse de zoologie 84 (3): 721 - 761" title="Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals." volume="84" year="1977">Kramer 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 735;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Biologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="113 - 171" refId="B209" refString="Khan, MS, 1980. Affinities and zoogeography of Herpetiles of Pakistan. Biologica 26 (1-2): 113 - 171" title="Affinities and zoogeography of Herpetiles of Pakistan." volume="26" year="1980">Khan 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 135, 144;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tiedemann, F" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B370" refString="Tiedemann, F, Haeupl, M, 1980. Typenkatalog der Herpetologischen Sammlung. Teil II: Reptilia. Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" title="Typenkatalog der Herpetologischen Sammlung. Teil II: Reptilia." year="1980">
|
||
Tiedemann and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Häupl">Haeupl</normalizedToken>
|
||
1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 50;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="4 - 5" refId="B210" refString="Khan, MS, 1982. Some notes on snakes in Pakistan. Hamadryad 7 (1): 4 - 5" title="Some notes on snakes in Pakistan." volume="7" year="1982">Khan 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murthy, TSN" journalOrPublisher="The Snake" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="139 - 142" refId="B261" refString="Murthy, TSN, Acharjyo, LN, 1987. Report on a collection of snakes in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, India. The Snake 19: 139 - 142" title="Report on a collection of snakes in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, India." volume="19" year="1987">Murthy and Acharjyo 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 140;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Welch, KRG" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B402" refString="Welch, KRG, 1988. Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii+183 pp." title="Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii + 183 pp." year="1988">Welch 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 36;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, KL" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B413" refString="Williams, KL, Wallach, V, 1989. Snakes of the world. Synopsis of snake generic Names. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, (1)+234 pp." title="Snakes of the world. Synopsis of snake generic Names. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, (1) + 234 pp." year="1989">Williams and Wallach 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 12;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="R & A Publishing Limited, Portishead, GB" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B104" refString="De Silva, A, 1990. Colour guide to the snakes of Sri Lanka. R & A Publishing Limited, Portishead, GB" title="Colour guide to the snakes of Sri Lanka." year="1990">de Silva 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 77 f.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schleich, HH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Nepal Research Centre (JNRC)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="141 - 168" refId="B313" refString="Schleich, HH, 1993. Contribution to the Systematics and to the Bibliography of the Amphibians and Reptiles from Nepal. Journal of the Nepal Research Centre (JNRC) 9: 141 - 168" title="Contribution to the Systematics and to the Bibliography of the Amphibians and Reptiles from Nepal." volume="9" year="1993">Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 146;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="R & A Publishing Limited, Portishead, GB" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B105" refString="De Silva, A, 1994. An introduction to the herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 1(1/2): 3-19." title="An introduction to the herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 1 (1 / 2): 3 - 19." year="1994">de Silva 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Profiles Project Publication 2, Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B317" refString="Shah, KB, 1995. Enumeration of habitat, geographical and altitudinal distribution of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. Biodiversity Profiles Project Publication 2, Kathmandu" title="Enumeration of habitat, geographical and altitudinal distribution of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal." year="1995">Shah 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 38;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anders, CC" editor="Schleich, HH" journalOrPublisher="Eine Ausstellung im Fuhlrott Museum Wuppertal. Fuhlrott-Museum Wuppertal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="41 - 54" refId="B16" refString="Anders, CC, Kaestle, W, Shah, KB, Schleich, HH, 1997. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Nepals. In: Schleich, HH, Ed., Das andere Nepal. Eine Ausstellung im Fuhlrott Museum Wuppertal. Fuhlrott-Museum Wuppertal: 41 - 54" title="Die Amphibien und Reptilien Nepals." volumeTitle="Das andere Nepal." year="1997">Anders et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 53;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publ., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B92" refString="Das, I, Andrews, H, 1997. Checklist of Indian Reptiles. In: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop for Reptiles of India, 19-23 May 1997, Coimbatore, 1-4." title="Checklist of Indian Reptiles. In: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C. A. M. P.) Workshop for Reptiles of India, 19 - 23 May 1997, Coimbatore, 1 - 4." year="1997">Das and Andrews 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Profiles Project Publication 2, Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B318" refString="Shah, KB, 1997. Amphibians and reptiles used as food and medicine in Nepal. Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Swayambhu, Kathmandu, Nepal, 30+(1) pp." title="Amphibians and reptiles used as food and medicine in Nepal. Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Swayambhu, Kathmandu, Nepal, 30 + (1) pp." year="1997">Shah 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 27;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B88" refString="Das, I, 1998. The serpent's tongue. A contribution to the ethnoherpetology of India and adjacent countries. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="The serpent's tongue. A contribution to the ethnoherpetology of India and adjacent countries." year="1998">Das 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 44;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="179 - 193" refId="B93" refString="Das, I, Ota, H, 1998. A checklist of chromosome numbers of south Asian reptiles. Hamadryad 23 (2): 179 - 193" title="A checklist of chromosome numbers of south Asian reptiles." volume="23" year="1998">Das and Ota 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 184;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" editor="Joshi, DD" journalOrPublisher="National Zoonoses & Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC), Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="24 - 28" refId="B320" refString="Shah, KB, 1998b. Snakes of Nepal. In: Joshi, DD, Chhetri, MK, Eds., Proceedings of the Public Health & Medical Officers Training in Snakebite Management in Nepal. National Zoonoses & Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC), Kathmandu: 24 - 28" title="Snakes of Nepal." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the Public Health & Medical Officers Training in Snakebite Management in Nepal." year="1998 b">Shah 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 27;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" editor="de Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="26 - 46" refId="B339" refString="Shrestha, TK, 1998. Country report for Nepal. Herpetofauna of Nepal: Present status, distribution and conservation. In: de Silva, A, Ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biology and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles of South Asia, Sri Lanka, August 1-5, 1996. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya: 26 - 46" title="Country report for Nepal. Herpetofauna of Nepal: Present status, distribution and conservation." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biology and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles of South Asia, Sri Lanka, August 1 - 5, 1996." year="1998">Shrestha 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 39;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gayen, N" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 22" refId="B142" refString="Gayen, N, 1999. A synopsis of the reptiles of Gujarat, western India. Hamadryad 24 (1): 1 - 22" title="A synopsis of the reptiles of Gujarat, western India." volume="24" year="1999">Gayen 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, HM" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B346" refString="Smith, HM, David, P, 1999. George Shaw and the herpetology volume in his series, General Zoology. In: Shaw, G. (1802): General zoology or systematic natural history; Vol. III, Amphibia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York, [Faksimile], 5-96." title="George Shaw and the herpetology volume in his series, General Zoology. In: Shaw, G. (1802): General zoology or systematic natural history; Vol. III, Amphibia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York, [Faksimile], 5 - 96." year="1999">Smith and David 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 46;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, RJR" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B82" refString="Daniels, RJR, 2000. Reptiles and amphibians of Karnataka. Cobra 42: 1 - 11" title="Reptiles and amphibians of Karnataka." volume="42" year="2000">Daniels 2000</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 8;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="16 - 20" refId="B380" refString="Vyas, R, 2000a. A review of threats and conservation of the reptiles of Gir forest, Gujarat, India. Cobra 39: 16 - 20" title="A review of threats and conservation of the reptiles of Gir forest, Gujarat, India." volume="39" year="2000 a">Vyas 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 20 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena stolatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolatum">Argyrogena stolatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B340" refString="Shrestha, TK, 2001. Herpetology of Nepal. A field guide to amphibians and reptiles of Trans-Himalayan Region of Asia. B. Shrestha Publ., Kathmandu, 8+280 pp." title="Herpetology of Nepal. A field guide to amphibians and reptiles of Trans-Himalayan Region of Asia. B. Shrestha Publ., Kathmandu, 8 + 280 pp." year="2001">Shrestha 2001</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 171;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gruber, U" editor="Schleich, HH" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="803 - 950" refId="B159" refString="Gruber, U, 2002. Family Colubridae (Colubrid snakes). In: Schleich, HH, Kaestle, W, Eds., Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal. A.R.G. Gantner K.G., Ruggell: 803 - 950" title="Family Colubridae (Colubrid snakes)." volumeTitle="Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal." year="2002">Gruber 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 820 ff.;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B213" refString="Khan, MS, 2002. Die Schlangen Pakistans. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Die Schlangen Pakistans." year="2002">Khan 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 79 ff.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publ., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B90" refString="Das, I, 2003. Growth of knowledge on the reptiles of India, with an introduction to systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 100(2&3): 446-501." title="Growth of knowledge on the reptiles of India, with an introduction to systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 100 (2 & 3): 446 - 501." year="2003">Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 474;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" journalOrPublisher="Bimala Shrestha, Kathmandu, (13), map, 32 pls." pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B341" refString="Shrestha, TK, 2003. Wildlife of Nepal. A study of renewable resources of Nepal Himalayas. Mrs. Bimala Shrestha, Kathmandu, (13), map, 32 pls." title="Wildlife of Nepal. A study of renewable resources of Nepal Himalayas. Mrs." year="2003">Shrestha 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 634;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MAR" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B207" refString="Khan, MAR, 2004. Checklist of the herpetofauna of Bangladesh. Cobra 57: 1 - 31" title="Checklist of the herpetofauna of Bangladesh." volume="57" year="2004">Khan 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 196;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" journalOrPublisher="National Zoonoses & Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC), Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B321" refString="Shah, KB, Tiwari, S, 2004. Herpetofauna of Nepal: A conservation companion. IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, viii+237 pp." title="Herpetofauna of Nepal: A conservation companion. IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, viii + 237 pp." year="2004">Shah and Tiwari 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, 154;
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<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 138;
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<bibRefCitation author="Somaweera, R" journalOrPublisher="Sri Lankan Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B350" refString="Somaweera, R, 2006. Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8+297 pp. [in Singhalese]." title="Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8 + 297 pp. [in Singhalese]." year="2006">Somaweera 2006</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 50:
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B215" refString="Khan, MS, 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi+311 pp." title="Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi + 311 pp." year="2006">Khan 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 192 ff.; map and p. 275;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasulu, C" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B353" refString="Srinivasulu, C, Srinivasulu, B, Rao, CAN, 2006. Reptilian fauna of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh. Records of the Indian Museum 106 (3): 97 - 122" title="Reptilian fauna of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh." volume="106" year="2006">Srinivasulu et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 113;
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<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B407" refString="Whitaker, R, 2006. Common Indian snakes. A field guide. MacMillan India Ltd., New Delhi, xiv+138 pp. [sixth revised edition]." title="Common Indian snakes. A field guide. MacMillan India Ltd., New Delhi, xiv + 138 pp. [sixth revised edition]." year="2006">Whitaker 2006</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 31 ff.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hutton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="299 - 316" refId="B174" refString="Hutton, AF, David, P, 2008. Note on a collection of snakes from South India, with emphasis on the snake fauna of the Meghamalai Hills, (High Wavy Mountains). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 105 (3): 299 - 316" title="Note on a collection of snakes from South India, with emphasis on the snake fauna of the Meghamalai Hills, (High Wavy Mountains)." volume="105" year="2008">Hutton and David 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 314;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Indian Herpetological Society ' USANT', Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B202" refString="Khaire, N, 2008. A guide to the snakes of Maharashtra Goa & Karnataka. Indian Herpetological Society 'USANT', Pune" title="A guide to the snakes of Maharashtra Goa & Karnataka." year="2008">Khaire 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, p.68;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rameshwaran, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="22 - 23" refId="B291" refString="Rameshwaran, M, 2008. A short note on the Banded Racer Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802). Cobra 2 (4): 22 - 23" title="A short note on the Banded Racer Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802)." volume="2" year="2008">Rameshwaran 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 22, back cover [partim];
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Satish" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Areas 7, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B305" refString="Satish, 2008. Snakes of Coorg. A field guide to the snakes of Kodagu. Coorg Wildlife Society, Madikeri, xii+143+(1) pp. [bilingual English/Kannada]." title="Snakes of Coorg. A field guide to the snakes of Kodagu. Coorg Wildlife Society, Madikeri, xii + 143 + (1) pp. [bilingual English / Kannada]." year="2008">Satish 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 88;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasulu, C" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="110 - 131" refId="B352" refString="Srinivasulu, C, Das, I, 2008. The herpetofauna of Nallamala Hills, Eastern Ghats, India: An annotated checklist, with remarks on nomenclature, taxonomy, habitat use, adaptive types and biogeography. Asiatic Herpetological Research 11: 110 - 131" title="The herpetofauna of Nallamala Hills, Eastern Ghats, India: An annotated checklist, with remarks on nomenclature, taxonomy, habitat use, adaptive types and biogeography." volume="11" year="2008">Srinivasulu and Das 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 119;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Das" authorityYear="1996" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Argyrogena fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
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[sic]. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B406" refString="Whitaker, R, 1982. Common Indian snakes. A field guide. MacMillan India Ltd., Delhi, xiv+154 pp. [reprint of 1978 edition]." title="Common Indian snakes. A field guide. MacMillan India Ltd., Delhi, xiv + 154 pp. [reprint of 1978 edition]." year="1982">Whitaker 1982</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 13 [as
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<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogene" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogene" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="genus">Argyrogene</taxonomicName>
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[sic]
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Coluber fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
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];
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, p. 41;
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, p. 27 f.;
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, p.173;
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, p. 89, fig. 8;
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<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="15 - 40" refId="B85" refString="Das, I, 1994. The reptiles of South Asia: Checklist and distributional summary. Hamadryad 19: 15 - 40" title="The reptiles of South Asia: Checklist and distributional summary." volume="19" year="1994">Das 1994</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 31;
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<bibRefCitation author="Director of the Zoological Survey of India" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Areas 7, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="51 - 62" refId="B304" refString="Director of the Zoological Survey of India, 1995. Reptilia. In: Fauna of Kanha Tiger Reserve Madhya Pradesh. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Areas 7, Kolkata: 51 - 62" title="Reptilia." volumeTitle="Fauna of Kanha Tiger Reserve Madhya Pradesh." year="1995">Sanyal and Sur 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 60;
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<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B86" refString="Das, I, 1996. Biogeography of the reptiles of South Asia. Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar, vii+87 pp., 16 pls." title="Biogeography of the reptiles of South Asia. Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar, vii + 87 pp., 16 pls." year="1996">Das 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 54;
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<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Indian Herpetological Society, Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B201" refString="Khaire, N, 1996. Indian Snakes. Indian Herpetological Society, Pune" title="Indian Snakes." year="1996">Khaire 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 69;
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<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="32 - 45" refId="B87" refString="Das, I, 1997. Checklist of the reptiles of India with English common names. Hamadryad 22 (1): 32 - 45" title="Checklist of the reptiles of India with English common names." volume="22" year="1997">Das 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 40;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" editor="de Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="51 - 73" refId="B106" refString="De Silva, A, 1998a. Country report for Sri Lanka. Herpetofauna of Sri Lanka: Present status, distribution and conservation. In: de Silva, A, Ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biology and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles of South Asia, Sri Lanka, August 1-5, 1996. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya: 51 - 73" title="Country report for Sri Lanka. Herpetofauna of Sri Lanka: Present status, distribution and conservation." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biology and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles of South Asia, Sri Lanka, August 1 - 5, 1996." year="1998 a">de Silva 1998a</bibRefCitation>
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: 64;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B107" refString="De Silva, A, 1998b. Snakes of Sri Lanka: A checklist and an annotated bibliography. Department of Wildlife Conservation/GEF/UNDP/FAO, Battaramulla, 6+112 pp." title="Snakes of Sri Lanka: A checklist and an annotated bibliography. Department of Wildlife Conservation / GEF / UNDP / FAO, Battaramulla, 6 + 112 pp." year="1998 b">de Silva 1998b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" journalOrPublisher="NAHSON Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="26 - 30" refId="B319" refString="Shah, KB, 1998a. Checklist of the herpetofauna of Nepal with English and vernacular names. NAHSON Bulletin 8 (1-4): 26 - 30" title="Checklist of the herpetofauna of Nepal with English and vernacular names." volume="8" year="1998 a">Shah 1998a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 29;
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<bibRefCitation author="Captain, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B63" refString="Captain, A, Thakur, S, 1999. Aberrant banded racers Argyrogena fasciolatus. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 96(1): 147-151." title="Aberrant banded racers Argyrogena fasciolatus. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 96 (1): 147 - 151." year="1999">Captain and Thakur 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 147 ff.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="275 - 289" refId="B212" refString="Khan, MS, 1999. Herpetology of habitat types of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 31 (3): 275 - 289" title="Herpetology of habitat types of Pakistan." volume="31" year="1999">Khan 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 286;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, BD" editor="Sharma, BD" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="40 - 47" refId="B323" refString="Sharma, BD, 1999a. Snakes and human ecosystem. In: Sharma, BD, Kumari, T, Eds., Snakes in India: a source book. Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi: 40 - 47" title="Snakes and human ecosystem." volumeTitle="Snakes in India: a source book." year="1999 a">Sharma 1999a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 42;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, BD" editor="Sharma, BD" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="87 - 108" refId="B324" refString="Sharma, BD, 1999b. Fauna of Indian snakes. In: Sharma, BD, Kumari, T, Eds., Snakes in India: a source book. Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi: 87 - 108" title="Fauna of Indian snakes." volumeTitle="Snakes in India: a source book." year="1999 b">Sharma 1999b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 95;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, BD" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B325" refString="Sharma, BD, 1999c. Scientific and vernacular names of some common snakes of India. In: Sharma BD, Kumari T (Eds) Snakes in India: a source book. Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi, 109-114," title="Scientific and vernacular names of some common snakes of India. In: Sharma BD, Kumari T (Eds) Snakes in India: a source book. Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi, 109 - 114," year="1999 c">Sharma 1999c</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 112;
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<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 5" refId="B379" refString="Vyas, R, 1999. Gujarati vernacular names of some reptiles. Reptile Rap 1 (1): 3 - 5" title="Gujarati vernacular names of some reptiles." volume="1" year="1999">Vyas 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 5;
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<bibRefCitation author="Islam, MA" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B187" refString="Islam, MA, Ameen, M-U, Nishat, A, 2000. (2000) Red book of threatened amphibians and reptiles of Bangladesh. Dhaka IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Dhaka, xii+95 pp." title="(2000) Red book of threatened amphibians and reptiles of Bangladesh. Dhaka IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Dhaka, xii + 95 pp." year="2000">Islam et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 77;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Director of the Zoological Survey of India" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 8, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="243 - 297" refId="B331" refString="Director of the Zoological Survey of India, 2000. Reptilia. In: Fauna of Gujarat (Part-1) Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 8, Calcutta: 243 - 297" title="Reptilia." volumeTitle="Fauna of Gujarat (Part- 1) Vertebrates." year="2000">Sharma 2000</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 277;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoo's Print Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="386 - 390" refId="B381" refString="Vyas, R, 2000b. A review of reptile studies in Gujarat state. Zoo's Print Journal 15 (12): 386 - 390" title="A review of reptile studies in Gujarat state." volume="15" year="2000 b">Vyas 2000b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 388;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, RJR" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 8" refId="B83" refString="Daniels, RJR, 2001a. Amphibians and reptiles of the Tamil Nadu Eastern and Western Ghats. Cobra 43: 1 - 8" title="Amphibians and reptiles of the Tamil Nadu Eastern and Western Ghats." volume="43" year="2001 a">Daniels 2001a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, RJR" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="11 - 17" refId="B84" refString="Daniels, RJR, 2001b. Snakes of Tamil Nadu: a status report. Cobra 44: 11 - 17" title="Snakes of Tamil Nadu: a status report." volume="44" year="2001 b">Daniels 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 16;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B108" refString="De Silva, A, 2001. The herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. An historical overview, current status with checklist. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organisation (ARROS), Peradeniya, (2)+91 pp." title="The herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. An historical overview, current status with checklist. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organisation (ARROS), Peradeniya, (2) + 91 pp." year="2001">de Silva 2001</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 59;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="14 - 15" refId="B178" refString="Ingle, M, 2001a. Notes on reptiles from Ujjain. Cobra 43: 14 - 15" title="Notes on reptiles from Ujjain." volume="43" year="2001 a">Ingle 2001a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 14;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="22 - 24" refId="B179" refString="Ingle, M, 2001b. Snakes of Madhya Pradesh, Ujjain and Malwa region. Cobra 45: 22 - 24" title="Snakes of Madhya Pradesh, Ujjain and Malwa region." volume="45" year="2001 b">Ingle 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 23;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoo's Print Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B382" refString="Vyas, R, 2001a. Comments on 'A synopsis of the reptiles of Gujarat, India'. Hamadryad [2000] 25(2): 203-207." title="Comments on ' A synopsis of the reptiles of Gujarat, India'. Hamadryad [2000] 25 (2): 203 - 207." year="2001 a">Vyas 2001a</bibRefCitation>
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, 204;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="17 - 25" refId="B383" refString="Vyas, R, 2001b. Comments on 'Reptilia ' a chapter in 'Fauna of Gujarat': a recent publication of ZSI, India. Cobra 46: 17 - 25" title="Comments on ' Reptilia ' a chapter in ' Fauna of Gujarat': a recent publication of ZSI, India." volume="46" year="2001 b">Vyas 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 23;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Tigerpaper" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="15 - 19" refId="B384" refString="Vyas, R, 2001c. Reptile richness and diversity in and around the Gir Forest, Gujarat, India. Tigerpaper 28 (3): 15 - 19" title="Reptile richness and diversity in and around the Gir Forest, Gujarat, India." volume="28" year="2001 c">Vyas 2001c</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 18;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B81" refString="Daniel, JC, 2002. The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii +238 pp." title="The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii + 238 pp." year="2002">Daniel 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 94 f.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publ., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B89" refString="Das, I, 2002. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publ., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India." year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 20;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B180" refString="Ingle, M, 2002. Ecology and status of the ophiofauna of eight districts of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Cobra 50: 1 - 17" title="Ecology and status of the ophiofauna of eight districts of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh." volume="50" year="2002">Ingle 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B213" refString="Khan, MS, 2002. Die Schlangen Pakistans. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Die Schlangen Pakistans." year="2002">Khan 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 79 f.;
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Lobo, AS" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 7" refId="B234" refString="Lobo, AS, 2002. A preliminary checklist of snakes of the Bondla Wildlife Sancutuary, Goa. Cobra 49: 3 - 7" title="A preliminary checklist of snakes of the Bondla Wildlife Sancutuary, Goa." volume="49" year="2002">Lobo 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, BD" editor="Sharma, BD" journalOrPublisher="Anmol Publ. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="39 - 60" refId="B326" refString="Sharma, BD, 2002a. Fauna of Indian snakes: A checklist. In: Sharma, BD, Ed., Indian poisonous snakes (An ecological and clinical study). Anmol Publ. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi: 39 - 60" title="Fauna of Indian snakes: A checklist." volumeTitle="Indian poisonous snakes (An ecological and clinical study)." year="2002 a">Sharma 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 51;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, BD" editor="Sharma, BD" journalOrPublisher="Anmol Publ. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="61 - 65" refId="B327" refString="Sharma, BD, 2002b. Scientific and vernacular names of some common snakes of India. In: Sharma, BD, Ed., Indian poisonous snakes (An ecological and clinical study). Anmol Publ. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi: 61 - 65" title="Scientific and vernacular names of some common snakes of India." volumeTitle="Indian poisonous snakes (An ecological and clinical study)." year="2002 b">Sharma 2002b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 63;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bhuvaneswari, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B41" refString="Bhuvaneswari, R, 2003. Pulicat Lake. In: Bioresources status in selected coastal locations. National Biorecources Development Board, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi and M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, 142-176." title="Pulicat Lake. In: Bioresources status in selected coastal locations. National Biorecources Development Board, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi and M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, 142 - 176." year="2003">Bhuvaneswari 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 169;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B181" refString="Ingle, M, 2003. A preliminary survey of the herpetofauna of Naglok area, Jashpur, Chhatisgarh state. Cobra 54: 1 - 5" title="A preliminary survey of the herpetofauna of Naglok area, Jashpur, Chhatisgarh state." volume="54" year="2003">Ingle 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Palot, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 6" refId="B270" refString="Palot, MJ, Radhakrishnan, C, 2003. Check-list of snakes of Kerala with their Malayalam vernacular names. Reptile Rap 5: 3 - 6" title="Check-list of snakes of Kerala with their Malayalam vernacular names." volume="5" year="2003">Palot and Radhakrishnan 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 4;
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" journalOrPublisher=", Epidemiology & Disease Control Division, Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B322" refString="Shah, KB, Shrestha, J, Thapa, C, 2003. Snakebite management guideline. HMG, Ministry of Health, Dept. Health Serv., Epidemiology & Disease Control Division, Kathmandu" title="Snakebite management guideline. HMG, Ministry of Health, Dept. Health Serv." year="2003">Shah et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p.13;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, RC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 8, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B332" refString="Sharma, RC, 2003. Handbook-Indian snakes. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xx+292 pp., 48 pls." title="Handbook-Indian snakes. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xx + 292 pp., 48 pls." year="2003">Sharma 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 82 f.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dasgupta, G" editor="Zoological, Survey of India" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 11, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="143 - 179" refId="B99" refString="Dasgupta, G, Raha, S, 2004. Reptilia. In: Zoological, Survey of India, Ed., Fauna of Bihar (including Jharkhand), Part 1. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 11, Kolkata: 143 - 179" title="Reptilia." volumeTitle="Fauna of Bihar (including Jharkhand), Part 1." year="2004">Dasgupta and Raha 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 167; Khan, M.A.R. 2004, p. 18;
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Director of the Zoological Survey of India" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Conservation Area Series 20, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="93 - 122" refId="B284" refString="Director of the Zoological Survey of India, 2004. Reptilia. In: Fauna of Pench National Park (Maharashtra). Zoological Survey of India, Conservation Area Series 20, Kolkata: 93 - 122" title="Reptilia." volumeTitle="Fauna of Pench National Park (Maharashtra)." year="2004">Pradhan 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 111;
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<bibRefCitation author="Somaweera, R" journalOrPublisher="Sri Lankan Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="32 - 46" refId="B349" refString="Somaweera, R, 2004. Sri Lankan colubrid snakes. Sri Lankan Naturalist 6 (3-4): 32 - 46" title="Sri Lankan colubrid snakes." volume="6" year="2004">Somaweera 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 37;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoo's Print Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1512 - 1514" refId="B385" refString="Vyas, R, 2004. Herpetofauna of Vansda National Park, Gujarat. Zoo's Print Journal 19 (6): 1512 - 1514" title="Herpetofauna of Vansda National Park, Gujarat." volume="19" year="2004">Vyas 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 1514;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chandra, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoo's Print Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1812 - 1819" refId="B68" refString="Chandra, K, Gajbe, PU, 2005. An inventory of herpetofauna of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Zoo's Print Journal 20 (3): 1812 - 1819" title="An inventory of herpetofauna of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh." volume="20" year="2005">Chandra and Gajbe 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 83;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Ltd., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B94" refString="Das, I, De Silva, A, 2005. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ." year="2005">Das and de Silva 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 24;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gajbe, P" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="9 - 10" refId="B135" refString="Gajbe, P, Gupta, R, 2005. Herpetofauna of Shahdol District, Madhya Pradesh. Reptile Rap 7: 9 - 10" title="Herpetofauna of Shahdol District, Madhya Pradesh." volume="7" year="2005">Gajbe and Gupta 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 10;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Rao, KT" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B294" refString="Rao, KT, Ghate, HV, Sudhakar, M, Javed, SMM, Krishna, SR, 2005. Herpetofauna of Nallamalai Hills with eleven new records from the region including ten new records from Andhra Pradesh. Zoos'Print Journal 20(1): 1737-1740, suppl. i-xi." title="Herpetofauna of Nallamalai Hills with eleven new records from the region including ten new records from Andhra Pradesh. Zoos'Print Journal 20 (1): 1737 - 1740, suppl. i-xi." year="2005">Rao et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 1739;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, RC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 8, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B333" refString="Sharma, RC, 2007. Fauna of India and adjacent countries. Reptilia. Volume-III (Serpentes). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xxvi+410 pp." title="Fauna of India and adjacent countries. Reptilia. Volume-III (Serpentes). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xxvi + 410 pp." year="2007">Sharma 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 132 f.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Raptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="10 - 15" refId="B386" refString="Vyas, R, 2007. Herpetofauna of Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Raptile Rap 8: 10 - 15" title="Herpetofauna of Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India." volume="8" year="2007">Vyas 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 13;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Chandra, K" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="49 - 83" refId="B69" refString="Chandra, K, Sharma, RC, Nagpure, A, Nema, DK, 2008. Reptiles of Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 108 (4): 49 - 83" title="Reptiles of Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh." volume="108" year="2008">Chandra et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 52, 54, 71;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra [new series]" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="10 - 16" refId="B182" refString="Ingle, M, 2008. Herpetofaunal diversity of Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh. Cobra [new series] 2 (2): 10 - 16" title="Herpetofaunal diversity of Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh." volume="2" year="2008">Ingle 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 15; Pradhan 2008, p. 327;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report and List of Accessions" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B26" refString="Anonymous, 2010. Defending Biodiversity and Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Jalgaon District (India) Integrating New Methodologies and Advanced Technologies: Hotspot Geoinformatics, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems and Smart Ground Sensors. Jala SRI Watershed Surveillance and Research Institute, Jalgaon (Maharashtra, India), Project Report, (3)+viii+150 pp." title="Defending Biodiversity and Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Jalgaon District (India) Integrating New Methodologies and Advanced Technologies: Hotspot Geoinformatics, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems and Smart Ground Sensors. Jala SRI Watershed Surveillance and Research Institute, Jalgaon (Maharashtra, India), Project Report, (3) + viii + 150 pp." year="2010">Anonymous 2010</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 56;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bahuguna, A" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B33" refString="Bahuguna, A, 2010. Reptilia. In: Zool. Surv. India (Ed.): Fauna of Uttarakhand, (Part 1), Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 18, Kolkata, 445-503." title="Reptilia. In: Zool. Surv. India (Ed.): Fauna of Uttarakhand, (Part 1), Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 18, Kolkata, 445 - 503." year="2010">Bahuguna 2010</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 501;
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<bibRefCitation author="Singh, KP" journalOrPublisher="Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B344" refString="Singh, KP, Ngullie, MM, 2010. Working plan for the forests of Dahanu Forest Division for the period 2010-2011 to 2019-2020. Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai" title="Working plan for the forests of Dahanu Forest Division for the period 2010 - 2011 to 2019 - 2020." year="2010">Singh and Ngullie 2010</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 56;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thakur, KN" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B362" refString="Thakur, KN, 2010. Impact of special economic zone (SEZ) on birds in Uran, Maharashtra. MSc Thesis, Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science, Mumbai, (8)+44 pp." title="Impact of special economic zone (SEZ) on birds in Uran, Maharashtra. MSc Thesis, Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science, Mumbai, (8) + 44 pp." year="2010">Thakur 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Patankar, P" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B276" refString="Patankar, P, 2011. Community structure of reptiles in selected habitats of Gujarat with major emphasis on the distribution and ecobiology of lizards. PhD Thesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, iv+227+18 pp." title="Community structure of reptiles in selected habitats of Gujarat with major emphasis on the distribution and ecobiology of lizards. PhD Thesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, iv + 227 + 18 pp." year="2011">Patankar 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sawant, NS" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B307" refString="Sawant, NS, 2011. Ecology and conservation of pit vipers along the Western Ghats (Goa). PhD Thesis, Department of Zoology, Goa University, (12)+184+(2), (Appendix 1)+(4), (Appendix 2)+(21) pp." title="Ecology and conservation of pit vipers along the Western Ghats (Goa). PhD Thesis, Department of Zoology, Goa University, (12) + 184 + (2), (Appendix 1) + (4), (Appendix 2) + (21) pp." year="2011">Sawant 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, appendix 2, p. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="5 - 15" refId="B387" refString="Vyas, R, 2011. Reptilian diversity in and around the Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Reptile Rap 11: 5 - 15" title="Reptilian diversity in and around the Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India." volume="11" year="2011">Vyas 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chauhan, RR" journalOrPublisher="Review of Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B71" refString="Chauhan, RR, Shingadia, HU, 2012. Preliminary survey of herpetofauna of Borivali mangroves-a coastal belt in the suburbs of Mumbai. Life sciences Leaflets (LSIC2011): 59-65." title="Preliminary survey of herpetofauna of Borivali mangroves-a coastal belt in the suburbs of Mumbai. Life sciences Leaflets (LSIC 2011): 59 - 65." year="2012">Chauhan and Shingadia 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 64;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zoological Survey of India" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 20, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="189 - 238" refId="B100" refString="Zoological Survey of India, 2012. Reptilia. In: Fauna of Maharashtra, Part 1, Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 20, Kolkata: 189 - 238" title="Reptilia." volumeTitle="Fauna of Maharashtra, Part 1, Vertebrates." year="2012">Dasgupta et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 217;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upadhye, MV" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="15 - 20" refId="B374" refString="Upadhye, MV, Puranik, VV, Dabholkar, P, Jadhav, U, 2012. Herpetofauna of the Vidyanagari campus of the University of Mumbai, Maharashtra. Reptile Rap 14: 15 - 20" title="Herpetofauna of the Vidyanagari campus of the University of Mumbai, Maharashtra." volume="14" year="2012">Upadhye et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 16;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aengals, R" journalOrPublisher="SSAR Contributions to the history of herpetology, Volume 2, St. Louis, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B7" refString="Aengals, R, Pradhan, MS, 2013. Reptiles. In: Zool. Surv. India (Ed.) Fauna of Karnataka. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 21, Kolkata, 435-465." title="Reptiles. In: Zool. Surv. India (Ed.) Fauna of Karnataka. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 21, Kolkata, 435 - 465." year="2013">Aengals and Pradhan 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 454;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2013.0546" author="Reddy, YA" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="515 - 522" refId="B298" refString="Reddy, YA, Sadasivaiah, B, Indira, P, Pullaiah, T, 2013. Herpetofauna of Thummalapalle uranium mining area, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 5 (8): 515 - 522, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2013.0546" title="Herpetofauna of Thummalapalle uranium mining area, Andhra Pradesh, India." url="https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2013.0546" volume="5" year="2013">Reddy et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 519;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Raut, SR" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Applied Science Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="373 - 381" refId="B296" refString="Raut, SR, Deshbhratar, SM, Mahaley, JA, Hile, VK, Singh, AJ, Metha, GU, 2014. Recent studies on the biodiversity of snakes in Palghar region, Thane, Maharashtra, India. Advances in Applied Science Research 5 (2): 373 - 381" title="Recent studies on the biodiversity of snakes in Palghar region, Thane, Maharashtra, India." volume="5" year="2014">Raut et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 374, 376;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manhas, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Research in Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1868 - 1873" refId="B239" refString="Manhas, A, Raina, R, Wanganeo, A, 2015b. Snakes of the Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, India with special reference to road mortality. Journal of Research in Biology 5 (7): 1868 - 1873" title="Snakes of the Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, India with special reference to road mortality." volume="5" year="2015 b">Manhas et al. 2015b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1550 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogene" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogene" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="genus">Argyrogene</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Coluber fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report and List of Accessions" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B27" refString="Anonymous, 2017. Environmental Management Plan for Laterite Stone Quarries: Lingdal Cluster, Taluka: Devgad, Dist: Sindhudurg, Maharashtra. Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., 100+(12)+12 (Annex) pp." title="Environmental Management Plan for Laterite Stone Quarries: Lingdal Cluster, Taluka: Devgad, Dist: Sindhudurg, Maharashtra. Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., 100 + (12) + 12 (Annex) pp." year="2017">Anonymous 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Annex 5, p. 5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vibhute, SM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Life Sciences, special issue A" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="77 - 82" refId="B375" refString="Vibhute, SM, 2018. Serpentine diversity of Atpadi city and adjoining area, Tal. Atpadi, Dist. Sangli (MS) India. International Journal of Life Sciences, special issue A 10: 77 - 82" title="Serpentine diversity of Atpadi city and adjoining area, Tal. Atpadi, Dist. Sangli (MS) India." volume="10" year="2018">Vibhute 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 79; Anonymous n. d., p. 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">Platyceps plinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
. - this work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
The preceding list of synonyms and chresonyms contains quotations which to our best knowledge refer to the snake species so far known as Banded racer (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena fasciolata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Argyrogena fasciolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctt.) in the sense of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B164" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1864. The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii+452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." title="The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii + 452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." year="1864">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1864)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Because of our clarification that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shaw represents a wolfsnake of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Lycodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), it is necessary to assign an adequate scientific name to the Banded racer. In this context, two well-known names are available from the list of synonyms, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber curvirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cantor, 1839, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena rostrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Argyrogena rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Werner, 1924. The first name was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. fasciolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C. fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B164" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1864. The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii+452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." title="The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii + 452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." year="1864">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1864)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the latter by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B348" refString="Smith, MA, 1928. The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 10, 1(4): 494-497." title="The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 10, 1 (4): 494 - 497." year="1928">Smith (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber curvirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on a single specimen from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengal”">"Bengal"</normalizedToken>
|
||
described by Theodore
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B56" refString="Cantor, T, 1839. Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vii: 31-34+49-55." title="Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vii: 31 - 34 + 49 - 55." year="1839">Cantor (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his "Specilegium Serpentium Indicorum". A coloured sketch of the holotype is deposited in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, U.K.) and reproduced here for the first time (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. Previously unpublished original painting (no. 7) of the holotype of Coluber curvirostris Cantor, 1839 from Cantor's original manuscript entitled " Indian Serpents-Innocuous-Collected, figured & described (1831 - 1837) ", kept in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, U. K. (see Appendix, Note 2). Reproduced with permission from the Bodleian Library, Oxford, U. K." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542389" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542387" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Natrix plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merrem, 1820, "Patza Tutta" from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Casemcottah”">"Casemcottah"</normalizedToken>
|
||
reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell (1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 29), and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">B.</emphasis>
|
||
"Die halbbandierte Natte
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bechstein, JM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B36" refString="Bechstein, JM, 1802. Herrn de la Cepede's Naturgeschichte der Amphibien oder der eyerlegenden vierfuessigen Thiere und der Schlangen. Eine Fortsetzung von Buffon's Naturgeschichte. Aus dem Franzoesischen uebersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusaetzen versehen. Vierter Band. Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar, xx+298 pp., 48 pls." title="Herrn de la Cepede's Naturgeschichte der Amphibien oder der eyerlegenden vierfuessigen Thiere und der Schlangen. Eine Fortsetzung von Buffon's Naturgeschichte. Aus dem Franzoesischen uebersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusaetzen versehen. Vierter Band. Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar, xx + 298 pp., 48 pls." year="1802">Bechstein (1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 44, fig. 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542388" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Extract from a previously unpublished original water-colour painting from Brian H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hodgson’s">Hodgson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection of drawings kept in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. The depicted specimen from the "Central hilly region "of Nepal, determined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B162" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1861. List of the cold-blooded vertebrata collected by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., in Nepal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1861]: 213-227." title="List of the cold-blooded vertebrata collected by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., in Nepal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1861]: 213 - 227." year="1861">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1861)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as "?
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Duméril & Bibron, 1854" authorityName="Duméril & Bibron" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coryphodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coryphodon fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coryphodon fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" (=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.), is the original and sole source for the distribution of the Banded Racer in Nepal. In fact, the specimen shown is an adult
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Rhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhabdophis himalayanus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Rhabdophis himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1864) (see chapter "Unconfirmed or erroneous distribution"). The inscription in Devanagari script on the lower right side of the sheet states that this specimen was preserved in alcohol on 27 September 1857. Reproduced with permission from the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542389" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. Previously unpublished original painting (no. 7) of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber curvirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cantor, 1839 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantor’s">Cantor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original manuscript entitled "Indian Serpents-Innocuous-Collected, figured & described (1831-1837)", kept in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, U.K. (see Appendix, Note 2). Reproduced with permission from the Bodleian Library, Oxford, U.K.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Franz
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B403" refString="Werner, F, 1924. Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum in Wien. Sitzungsberichte Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Abt. 1), 133 (1-3): 29-56." title="Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum in Wien. Sitzungsberichte Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Abt. 1), 133 (1 - 3): 29 - 56." year="1924">Werner (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena rostrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Argyrogena rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(genus et species nova) based on a specimen stored in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, which was originally listed as having come from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Argentinien”">"Argentinien"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and for a few years it was considered a valid neotropical taxon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="18 - 24" refId="B122" refString="Dunn, ER, 1928. A tentative key and arrangement of the American genera of Colubridae. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2 (1): 18 - 24" title="A tentative key and arrangement of the American genera of Colubridae." volume="2" year="1928">Dunn 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amaral, A do" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B13" refString="Amaral, A do, 1929. Estudos sobre Ophidios Neotropics. XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de Ophidios Neotropics. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 4: 3 - 68" title="Estudos sobre Ophidios Neotropics. XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de Ophidios Neotropics." volume="4" year="1929">Amaral 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Malcolm A. Smith, who visited the herpetological collection of the Natural History Museum, Vienna in 1927, examined several of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Werner’s">Werner's</normalizedToken>
|
||
type specimens, including the holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. rostrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recognized its true identity, synonymized it with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and relegated
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Argyrogena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This classification was largely maintained until
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
dedicated a study to the Banded racer and in this context revalidated
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Werner’s">Werner's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Argyrogena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently, the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Argyrogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrogena fasciolata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Argyrogena fasciolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Shaw, 1802) was established and has been used for the Banded racer until today (see list of synonyms and chresonyms and e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, KL" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B413" refString="Williams, KL, Wallach, V, 1989. Snakes of the world. Synopsis of snake generic Names. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, (1)+234 pp." title="Snakes of the world. Synopsis of snake generic Names. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, (1) + 234 pp." year="1989">Williams and Wallach 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, HM" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B346" refString="Smith, HM, David, P, 1999. George Shaw and the herpetology volume in his series, General Zoology. In: Shaw, G. (1802): General zoology or systematic natural history; Vol. III, Amphibia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York, [Faksimile], 5-96." title="George Shaw and the herpetology volume in his series, General Zoology. In: Shaw, G. (1802): General zoology or systematic natural history; Vol. III, Amphibia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York, [Faksimile], 5 - 96." year="1999">Smith and David 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B215" refString="Khan, MS, 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi+311 pp." title="Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi + 311 pp." year="2006">Khan 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Somaweera, R" journalOrPublisher="Sri Lankan Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B350" refString="Somaweera, R, 2006. Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8+297 pp. [in Singhalese]." title="Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8 + 297 pp. [in Singhalese]." year="2006">Somaweera 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Koushik, 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B95" refString="Das, I, Das, A, 2017. A naturalist's guide to the reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford" title="A naturalist's guide to the reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka." year="2017">Das and Das 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" publicationUrl="http://www.reptile-database.org" refId="B372" refString="Uetz, P, Freed, P, Hosek, J, 2019. (2019) The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org" title="(2019) The Reptile Database." url="http://www.reptile-database.org" year="2019">Uetz et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to name a few general publications). In a short overview of the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amr, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="179 - 266" refId="B15" refString="Amr, ZS, Disi, AM, 2011. Systematics, distribution and ecology of the snakes of Jordan. Vertebrate Zoology 61 (2): 179 - 266" title="Systematics, distribution and ecology of the snakes of Jordan." volume="61" year="2011">Amr and Disi (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 191) erroneously stated that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reallocated the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
We also tracked down two older and previously overlooked or wrongly assigned names that clearly refer to what is currently understood to be the Banded racer, viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daudin, 1803 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Natrix plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merrem, 1820. Again both names are entirely based on the same description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell (1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34-35, pl. 29: "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" named "Patza Tutta" by natives).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boie, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B48" refString="Boie, F, 1827. Bemerkungen ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg, 1820, 1te Lieferung, Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20(6): col. 508-566." title="Bemerkungen ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg, 1820, 1 te Lieferung, Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20 (6): col. 508 - 566." year="1827">Boie (1827)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonymous and a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
close to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coelognathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelognathus helena" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coelognathus helena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coelognathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelognathus helena" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coelognathus helena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Daudin, 1803)).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B58" refString="Cantor, T, 1847a. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607-656+897-952+1026-1078, 2 pls." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607 - 656 + 897 - 952 + 1026 - 1078, 2 pls." year="1847 a">Cantor (1847a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B59" refString="Cantor, T, 1847b. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." year="1847 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on the other hand regarded
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Daudin’s">Daudin's</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Merrem’s">Merrem's</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronella baliodeira" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baliodeira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coronella baliodeira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Boie, 1827, an assessment that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blyth, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B44" refString="Blyth, E, 1854. Report of the Curator. Zoological Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1853] 22(4): 408-417." title="Report of the Curator. Zoological Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1853] 22 (4): 408 - 417." year="1854">Blyth (1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 416,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blyth, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B45" refString="Blyth, E, 1855a. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1854] 23(3): 287-302." title="Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [1854] 23 (3): 287 - 302." year="1855 a">1855a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 292) contradicts by addressing both taxa as true
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a juvenile specimen procured in South India by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jerdon, TC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B190" refString="Jerdon, TC, 1853. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 22(5): 462-479, (6): 522-534." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 22 (5): 462 - 479, (6): 522 - 534." year="1853">Jerdon (1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 529; ZSI K 7333), which was later listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B365" refString="Theobald, W, 1868a. Catalogue of Reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Extra Number, vi+82 pp., Appendix i-iii." title="Catalogue of Reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Extra Number, vi + 82 pp., Appendix i-iii." year="1868 a">Theobald (1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 47) under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zamenis fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zamenis fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
From the mid of the 19th century onwards both names fell into oblivion as potential synonyms of the Banded racer. This was probably also due to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B312" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens. J. Kips, J.Hz. and W.P. Stockum, La Haye, Partie Generale: (3)+(1)+xxviii+251 pp., Partie Descriptive: (1)+606+xv+(1) pp., Atlas: (1)+(1)pp., 21 pls., 3 maps, 2 tables." title="Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens. J. Kips, J. Hz. and W. P. Stockum, La Haye, Partie Generale: (3) + (1) + xxviii + 251 pp., Partie Descriptive: (1) + 606 + xv + (1) pp., Atlas: (1) + (1) pp., 21 pls., 3 maps, 2 tables." year="1837">Schlegel (1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pt. Descriptive p. 172) who regarded both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daudin and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merrem as possibly identical with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber triscalis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triscalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber triscalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber corallinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corallinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber corallinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758. The latter two are currently regarded as synonyms of the Caribbean colubrid snake
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Liophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Liophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Erythrolamprus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythrolamprus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Erythrolamprus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber triscalis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triscalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber triscalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dundee, HA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B120" refString="Dundee, HA, 1994. Current names for Linnaeus's herpetological species in Systema Naturae X. In: Kitchell K jr, Dundee HA. A trilogy on the herpetology of Linnaeus's Systema Naturae X. - Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, Washington 100, 41-61." title="Current names for Linnaeus's herpetological species in Systema Naturae X. In: Kitchell K jr, Dundee HA. A trilogy on the herpetology of Linnaeus's Systema Naturae X. - Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, Washington 100, 41 - 61." year="1994">Dundee 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daudin, 1803 however, is threatened for reasons of homonymy by an older name,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gmelin, 1789, the accepted original combination for the Painted bronzeback (now
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dendrelaphis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrelaphis pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Dendrelaphis pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see ICZN 1958). Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daudin, 1803 represents a younger primary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber pictus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gmelin, 1789 and is unavailable (ICZN 1999, Art. 57.2; see also above the list of synonyms and chresonyms for further homonymous names).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Merrem, B" journalOrPublisher="Krieger, Marburg, xv, xv + 191" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B247" refString="Merrem, B, 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien/ Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum. J. C. Krieger, Marburg, xv, xv+191" title="Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien / Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum. J. C." year="1820">Merrem (1820)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1796)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
account of the "Patza Tutta" and formally named it
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix Plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="Plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Natrix Plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. His diagnosis was very short and besides some general features concerning habitus and characteristics of dorsal scales, he mentioned only the number of ventral (202) and subcaudal (91) scales. Additional information can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1796
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34-35, pl. 29) original text and plate. He described the "Patza Tutta" with the following characters: 1) head small, very little broader than neck, ovate, depressed, 2) two internasals, 3) two prefrontals, larger than internasals but similar in form, 4) two supraoculars, purse-shaped, 5) frontal bell-shaped, 6) parietals semi heart-shaped, truncate, 7) mouth wide jaws unequal, lower considerably shorter, 8) teeth small sharp, reflex, two palatal rows, and one marginal [maxillar], in the upper jaw, 9) eyes distant, lateral, large, orbicular, 10) body round, covered with very small smooth, ovate scales, outer row orbicular, 11) length one foot eleven inches [58.4 cm], tail five inches [12.7 cm], very tapered and sharply pointed, 12) dorsal colour brown, forebody with narrow crossbands, composed of short, black and white lines, behind these, a few obscure reddish-brown bands interspaced by white colour of interstitial skin; bands fading at posterior part of body, 13) outermost dorsal scale row yellow, 14) ventral with pale-yellowish cast. The description resembles the specimen depicted on plate 29 and in comparison with our own and published data (see below) it corresponds to male specimens of the Banded racer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
To our best knowledge,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Natrix plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merrem, 1820 is the oldest available name for the snake species which is commonly now regarded as Banded racer. Merrem (l.c.) simplified the type locality to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengal”">"Bengal"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, but according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell (1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 35) two specimens of the "Patza Tutta" were sent to him from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Casemcottah”">"Casemcottah"</normalizedToken>
|
||
by Captain Gowdie in 1788 and by Lieutenant Whyte without year specification (see Appendix Note 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
We could not locate the two type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Natrix plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merrem, 1820 among
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
dry and wet preserved material stored in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. A wet preserved topotypic male (BMNH 37a) donated by P. Russell according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B160" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1858. Catalogue of colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xvi+281 pp. [reprinted 1971 by Alden Press, Oxford]." title="Catalogue of colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xvi + 281 pp. [reprinted 1971 by Alden Press, Oxford]." year="1858">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1858
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 110) from "East Indies", restricted to "Vizagapatam District" by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B51" refString="Boulenger, G, 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 1. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, xiii+448 pp., pl. i-xxviii." title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 1. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, xiii + 448 pp., pl. i-xxviii." year="1893">Boulenger (1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 405), does not correspond with the original data for the "Patza Tutta" published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell (1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
p. 34-35, pl. 29). Because of its lower ventral scale count (199 vs. 202), an incomplete tail (with 51 vs. 91 subcaudals) and a shorter snout-vent length (43.2 vs. 58.5 cm [1 ft 11 inch]), specimen BMNH 37a can be excluded as one of the syntypes. Also among the dried skin collections attributed to Russell (including BMNH 1837.9.26.48-49 and BMNH 1904.7.27.81) no specimen corresponds to his original data of the "Patza Tutta".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
The same applies to the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber curvirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cantor, 1839 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengal”">"Bengal"</normalizedToken>
|
||
which is not yet located. Although some of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantor’s">Cantor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original specimens are known to be stored in the Natural History Museum, London (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Adler, K" editor="Adler, K" journalOrPublisher="SSAR Contributions to the history of herpetology, Volume 2, St. Louis, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="65 - 66" refId="B4" refString="Adler, K, 2007. Cantor, Theodore (1809-1860). In: Adler, K, Ed., Herpetologists of the past. SSAR Contributions to the history of herpetology, Volume 2, St. Louis, New York: 65 - 66" title="Cantor, Theodore (1809 - 1860)." volumeTitle="Herpetologists of the past." year="2007">Adler 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Adler, K" journalOrPublisher="SSAR Contributions to the history of herpetology, Volume 2, St. Louis, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B5" refString="Adler, K, 2016. Theodore Cantor (1809-1860): Pioneer scientific herpetologist in China [Introduction]. In: Adler K (Ed.) Theodore Cantor. Zoology of Chusan. SSAR Reprint, Ithaca, New York, v-xi." title="Theodore Cantor (1809 - 1860): Pioneer scientific herpetologist in China [Introduction]. In: Adler K (Ed.) Theodore Cantor. Zoology of Chusan. SSAR Reprint, Ithaca, New York, v-xi." year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we were unable to identify the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. curvirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C. curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the preserved specimens in the collection. A possible candidate donated by the Zoological Society of London to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) (BMNH 1851.9.13.260 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“India”">"India"</normalizedToken>
|
||
), can be excluded as the holotype because it does not correspond to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantor’s">Cantor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original data and plate, in respect of the number of ventrals (226 vs. 220) and subcaudals (88 vs. 85). A transcript of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantor’s">Cantor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
unpublished original manuscript for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. curvirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C. curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with an expanded description, is presented here in the Appendix (Note 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Based on our own data and summarized information from literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">Russell 1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized as follows: (1) dorsal scales smooth in 23-25 (exceptionally 21 or 22) rows at forebody, 23 (exceptionally 21 or 25) at midbody and 17 (exceptionally 16 or 15) before the vent, (2) one to three preventrals followed by 190-234 ventrals, (3) 73-101 paired subcaudals, (4) a divided cloacal plate, (5) nasals divided, in contact with first and second supralabial, naris medium sized (6) internasals smaller than prefrontals, (7) frontal shorter than its distance to tip of snout, as long as or little shorter than parietals, (8) loreal usually slightly longer than high, rarely as long as high or higher than long, exceptionally fused with prefrontal, (9) usually two (80% of examined specimens) exceptionally three preoculars, one larger upper preocular usually in contact with frontal and one (exceptionally two) very small lower presuboculars wedged between third and fourth supralabial, (10) two (exceptionally three) postoculars, (11) supraocular not in contact with prefrontal, (12) temporals variable, in anterior two (rarely three or one) and secondary three (rarely two) rows, (13) eight (exceptionally seven, nine or ten) supralabials, fourth and fifth (rarely fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh) in contact with the eye, (14) usually ten, sometimes nine or eleven sublabials, first four to five in contact with anterior submaxillars, (15) head wide and moderately pointed, barely distinct from neck, body round, olive brown to reddish brown coloured, patternless in adults or with light vermicular pattern in juveniles, (16) iris dark grey or blackish, pupil black with light brown corona, (17) dorsal colour greyish or reddish brown, (18) collar absent, (19) whole body patternless or with indistinct small light bands on forebody in adults; in juveniles with distinct black and white strippled bands reaching lateral edges of ventrals, extending to near vent, (20) supralabials creme brown, patternless, or with small light spots in juveniles (21) throat, ventral body and tail yellowish cream without pattern, (22) hemipenis simple; proximal fourth smooth; distal three fourths covered with small spines gradually decreasing in size distally; distal area with irregular shaped calyces, denser towards the apex (23) total length up to 148 cm, (24) relative tail length 0.19-0.31.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Pholidosis: Head 2.17-2.14 times longer than broad (males 1.17-2.14, females 1.22-2.05), canthus rostralis moderate developed. Rostral nearly twice as broad as high, clearly visible from above. Internasals usually shorter than prefrontals, sometimes equal in length in, e.g. BNHS 646 and BNHS 319, or slightly longer in, e.g. BMNH 62.8.14.29, MCZ R-28645, NMW 25465:3 and SMF 50409. Frontal 1.01-1.46 times longer than maximum width (males 1.01-1.46, females 1.02-1.32), 1.05-1.63 times longer than internasals and prefrontals (males 1.05-1.63, females 1.16-1.42), in Pakistani population from southern Sind equal in length in, e.g. SMF 50410 or slightly shorter incl. SMF 50406-407, SMF 50409, SMF 50446, SMF 62922 and in a specimen from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Bombay’">'Bombay'</normalizedToken>
|
||
BNHS 646. Posterior border of parietals usually more or less straight or slightly indented (<shaped) at the median suture or, sometimes, forming an obtuse angle in, e.g. MNHN RA-0.6230. Posterior edge of parietals less than half of the maximum width. Loreal usually longer than high, equal in BNHS 3193, shorter in, e.g. BNHS 2857, BNHS 3107, ZMB 8053 (on right side) and SMF 50407 (on right side) or fused with prefrontal in SMF 62921 (on right side) and SMF 50446 (on both sides). Preocular single or with an additional small pre-subocular below it or rarely with two small pre-suboculars in SMF 62922. Preocular in contact with frontal or rarely separated in, e.g. MNHN RA-0.6230.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Predominantly eight supralabials, last two or three being larger (longer), fifth highest; nine in BMNH 1921.6.15.14-15, SMF 57311 (on left side), BNHS 3175 (on both sides), or seven in MCZ R-28645 (on right side). Usually fourth and fifth supralabials in contact with eye, fifth and sixth sometimes in specimens with nine supralabials, e.g. SMF 57311. Two postoculars except in a specimen from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“India”">"India"</normalizedToken>
|
||
without exact locality (BMNH 62.8.14.29) with three postoculars on left side; upper scale somewhat wider, lower usually higher. Normally two anterior temporals, sometimes three including BMNH 62.8.14.29 and NMW 18160 (on left side) and SMF 57311 (on right side), exceptionally one in NMW 25465:3 (on both sides). Secondary temporals variable, mostly three, sometimes two e.g. SMF 57312, SMF 50407 and SMF 50446 (on both sides), BNHS 642, SMF 62921, SMF 50406, and SMF 50410 (on left side) and BNHS 3107, SMF 50409 and SMF 62922 (on right side), or exceptionally four in e.g. ZMA RENA 12554 (left side). Mostly ten sublabials, sometimes eleven, including BMNH 1921.6.15.14 and SMF 57311 (on both sides), SMF 50407 and BMNH 37A (on left side), BNHS 646, BNHS 3175, SMF 50406 and SMF 50410 (on right side), or rarely nine, e.g. SMF 62922 (both sides); the anterior four to five scales in contact with first inframaxillary, the sixth or rarely seventh largest. Anterior inframaxillars normally longer and wider than, or about equal to, posterior pair, except in BMNH 62.8.14.29, BNHS 657, BNHS 3093, BNHS 3107, MNHN RA-0.6230, SMF 50407, SMF 62921-62922 and ZMB 8053. The posterior pair of inframaxillars usually separated by two or three rows of gular scales of variable shape and size. Gulars in three to four oblique rows between the apical edge of the posterior inframaxillars and first ventral. Ventrals in examined material 190-231 (males 190-220, females 215-231), last plate divided in SMF 50407. Usually two, sometimes one or three preventrals. Cloacal plate divided, right part overlapping left. Subcaudals in 73-101 pairs (males 81-101, females 73-89). Total body scales, including preventrals and terminal scale 273-321 (males 273-315, females 296-321). Dorsal scales, usually arranged in 23-25/23/17 rows along the trunk. Three specimens from Maharashtra (BMNH 3093, BMNH 642 and BMNH 646) show 27 anterior DSR; one specimen each from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Calcutta”">"Calcutta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(NMW 25463: 3),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“India”">"India"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH 37 A), and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bangalore”">"Bangalore"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH 1920.7.7.5) shows 21, 22 and 24 anterior DSR respectively. One specimen from Sind (SMF 50409) with 25 and one from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“India”">"India"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH 37 A) with only 21 midbody DSR and two specimens from Bangalore (BMNH 1921.615.14, BMNH 1920.7.7.5) with 16 DSR at posterior part of body. In contrast to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Constable, JD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="59 - 160" refId="B74" refString="Constable, JD, 1949. Reptiles from the Indian Peninsula in the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy 103 (2): 59 - 160" title="Reptiles from the Indian Peninsula in the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy." volume="103" year="1949">Constable (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
we counted 23 midbody DSR instead of 21 for MCZ R-28645 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bangalore”">"Bangalore"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Dorsal scale with paired apical pits. Supracaudal scales usually with two apical pits, up to three pits on the first three scales followed the supracaudal reduction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Dorsal scale reduction formula summarized from 31 examined specimens (see Appendix 10; divergent data from literature [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] in square brackets). Only main reductions are given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">2+3, 3+4, or 10+11 (6-11) 2+3, 3+4, 7+8, 8+9, 9+10, or 10+11 (65-131) [79-133]</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">25</emphasis>
|
||
--------------------------------
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">23</emphasis>
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">3+4, or 10+11 (5-9) 2+3, 3+4, 7+8, 8+9, 9+10, or 10+11 (63-131) [82-129]</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">2+3, 3+4, 4+5, 8+9, 9+10, or 10+11 (68-145) [105-137]</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">21</emphasis>
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">1+2, 2+3, 3+4, 4+5, 7+8, 8+9, or 9+10 (68-142) [107-138]</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">4+5, 6+7, 7+8, 8+9, or 9+10 (111-192) [157-174] 7+8 (188-194)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">19</emphasis>
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">17</emphasis>
|
||
---------------------------
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">15</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">3+4, 4+5, 7+8, 8+9, or 9+10 (112-191) [156-178] 7+8, or 8+9 (190-195)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Six examined specimens (BMNH 1851.9.13.260, BMNH 1920.7.7.5, BMNH 1921.6.15.14, BMNH 1940.3.4.45, NMW 18160, and SMF 50409, all females) show an additional lateral or bilateral increase to 18 or 19 dorsal scale rows involving rows one to three between 89 and 99% of ventrals.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="hemipenis (based on zsi-czrc-v-6416, pune, left organ, fig. 11)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Hemipenis (based on ZSI-CZRC-V-6416, Pune, left organ, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Hemipenis of Platyceps plinii comb. nov. (ZSI-CZRC-V- 6416, left organ) from Pune, Maharashtra state, India: A. lateral, B. asulcal, and C. sulcal view. Scale bar 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542393" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">The hemipenis reaches up to 13th subcaudals and is 36.9 mm in length and 8.2 mm maximum width at midbody and apex. It is divided into three distinct areas; the proximal area (nearly 30% of the total hemipenial length) is smooth without any ornamentation, middle zone (about 25% of the total hemipenial length) is with evenly scattered spinules and the apical calyculated portion (45% of the total hemipenial length). No enlarged spines are present, but the size of spinules at the proximal end are slightly larger than the ones at the distal end. The calyculated area can be further divided almost equally into proximal half with large calyces and distal half with smaller and denser calyces. The sulcus spermaticus is single, bounded with thick walls, runs straight across its length and opens into a delta (3 mm wide at apex, 1.9 mm in length), which is nude. The delta is subapical in position and the apex is calyculated, edged with fewer papillae. At the sulcate side, the calyces are larger proximally and gradually smaller and denser towards the distal end. The distal calyces are scalloped and edged with papillae. Along the asulcate side the spinous area starts more distally than the sulcate and lateral side. After the spinous zone, there are 2-3 rows of large calyces followed by densely packed calyces towards the apex. The proximal large calyces (9-10 in number) are of uneven size (mostly rounded or pentagonal) and among them the distal ones are scalloped. The large scalloped calyces are of 2.2-2.7 mm in length and 1.9-2.5 mm in width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the hemipenis is clavate, but in a fully inflated organ it starts widening from the middle and from the asulcate side there is a slight constriction between the midbody and apex. The ornamentation in ZSI-CZRC-6416 from Pune and ZSI-CZRC-6284 matches with that of LSUMZ 9425 as provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the only available drawing of the organ as provided by the author is of the sulcate side, but apparently, differentiations in calyces are seen at the asulcate side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="dentition (based on zmb 8053, male, bengalen)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Dentition (based on ZMB 8053, male, Bengalen).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">15/15 maxillary teeth, the anterior 13/13 precranterian teeth are increasing in size posteriorly and are followed by a small diastema and 2/2 enlarged roundish cranterian teeth without groove. All maxillary teeth are slightly curved posteriorly, without significant interspaces. Medial to the precranterian teeth are single replacement tooth at different growth stages. One to two replacement teeth per cranterian tooth are found posteromedially to each tooth, showing different growth stages. 11/11 palatine teeth, decreasing in size posteriorly. All are curved posteriorly shortly above the base. Lateral to the palatine teeth there is a single replacement tooth at different growth stages. No significant interspace exists between the different palatine teeth. Posteromedial process of palatine large, expanding two pterygoid teeth. 13/12 pterygoid teeth, decreasing in size posteriorly. All are curved posteriorly shortly above the base. Lateral to the pterygoid teeth there is a single replacement tooth at different growth stages. No significant interspace exists between the different palatine teeth. The posterior 57% of the pterygoid are without teeth. 17/17 mandibular teeth, increasing in size up to tooth 5/5 and from there decreasing in size posteriorly. All are slightly curved posteriorly. Medial to the mandibular teeth there are 1-2 replacement teeth at different growth stages.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Variation in dentition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on one skull from his collection described 13 subequal maxillary teeth which are followed by a diastema which is as large as one tooth and followed by two little larger posterior teeth. He described 11 palatine, 15 to 16 pterygoid teeth all decreasing in length posteriorly and 18 mandibular teeth which increasing in length up to the fifth tooth and from there decrease in length posteriorly.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith (1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 159, fig. 48 D) depicted an upper jaw with 13 precranterian teeth which are increasing very slightly in size posteriorly and are followed by a distinct diastema and a pair of enlarged cranterian teeth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 271) mentioned like
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith (1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 170), 12 -14 maxillary teeth followed by a distinct diastema but in contrast to the latter, Wilson (l. c.) identified the following two cranterian teeth as unenlarged and counted 9-11 palatine teeth, 14-17 pterygoid teeth, and 14-18 mandibular teeth. The dentition of four Indian specimens (BMNH 37a, see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Skull of Platyceps plinii comb. nov. (BMNH 37 a) from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh state, India: A. lateral, B. ventral (tooth bearing and connecting bones virtually extracted), C. dorsal and D. ventral view (lower jaw virtually extracted). Scale bar 1.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542394" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">12</figureCitation>
|
||
; MCZ R-28645; NMW 25465:3 and ZMB 4786a) is characterized by 12-14 maxillary teeth followed by a diastema (except MCZ R-28645, without diastema) and two enlarged cranterian teeth, 9-11 palatine teeth with a posteriomedial process of palatine expanding two or three pterygoid teeth, 13-17 pterygoid teeth with 48-52% of the posterior pterygoid without teeth, and 16-19 mandibular teeth, increasing in size up to tooth 4-6 and from there decreasing in size posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Four specimens from Pakistan (SMF 50410, SMF 57312 and SMF 62921-22) show 12-14 maxillary teeth followed by a diastema (except SMF 50410, without diastema) and two enlarged cranterian teeth, 9-11 palatine teeth with a posteriomedial process of palatine expanding two pterygoid teeth, 14-17 pterygoid teeth with 48-58% of the posterior pterygoid without teeth, and 17-20 mandibular teeth, increasing in size up to tooth 4-7 and from there decreasing in size posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Dimensions and proportions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
The body is robust, moderately stout, roundish in cross-section at midbody. Head moderately pointed, barely distinct from neck. Eye large, 16-24% of head length. Male specimens grow slightly larger than females; the longest examined specimens are from Sind, Pakistan including a male (SMF 50446) with 1482 mm and a female (SMF 50409) with 1361 mm total length. The longest Indian specimen was reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gharpurey, KG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination=": 1084" refId="B145" refString="Gharpurey, KG, 1931. An unusually large Shaw's Rat Snake (Zamenis fasciolatus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 34 (4): 1084" title="An unusually large Shaw's Rat Snake (Zamenis fasciolatus)." volume="34" year="1931">Gharpurey (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Ahmednagar, Maharashtra with 1422 mm total length. The smallest male (NMW 25465: 3) with 336 mm and the smallest female (SMF 57311) with 553 mm total length came from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Calcutta”">"Calcutta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Sind respectively. The tail versus body length ratio ranges from 0.21 to 0.31 (males 0.21-0.31, females 0.23-0.28). For ten specimens from Telangana state, India measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seetharamaraju, M" journalOrPublisher="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, Wuppertal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B316" refString="Seetharamaraju, M, 2014. Taxonomy, diversity, distribution and ecology of snakes in Telangana. PhD Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, (3)+xxxvi+347 pp." title="Taxonomy, diversity, distribution and ecology of snakes in Telangana. PhD Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, (3) + xxxvi + 347 pp." year="2014">Seetharamaraju (2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 95 ff.) the tail versus body length ratio ranges from 0.19 to 0.23 (males 0.19, females 0.19-0.23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="colour and pattern (fig. 9 a–k and fig. 10 a–j)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Colour and pattern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. in life from various parts of India. Adults: A. ZSI-CZRC- 6384 (male, SVL: 491) from Baripada, Odisha state, B. Uncollected specimen from Pune, Maharashtra state, C. ZSI-CZRC-V- 6416 (male, SVL: 815) from Pune, Maharashtra state, and D. Uncollected female from Amaravati, Maharashtra state. Hatchlings / juveniles: E. ZSI-CZRC-V- 6329 (subadult male, SVL: 355) from Choudwar, Odisha state, F. Uncollected specimen from Pune, Maharashtra state, G. Uncollected specimen from Amboli, Maharashtra state, and H. Uncollected specimen from Yavatmal, Maharashtra state. SVL in mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542391" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">9 A-K</figureCitation>
|
||
and Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Platyceps plinii comb nov. Variation of neck pattern in specimens from various parts of India. Adults: A. NCBS-AQ 492 (female, SVL: 820) from Bangalore, Karnataka state B. BMNH 62.8.14.29 (female, SVL: 854 mm) from Bengal, C. ZSI-CZRC- 7111 (female, SVL: 965) Kabeerdham, Chhattisgarh state and D. BNHS 2857 (female, SVL: 746) Pune, Maharashtra state, E. ZSI-CZRC 6331 (male, SVL: 713) from Bhandara, Maharashtra state. Hatchlings / juveniles: F. BNHS 657 (male, SVL: 331) from Satna, Madhya Pradesh state, G. BNHS 639 (sex unknown, SVL: 212) from Saugor, Madhya Pradesh state, H. BNHS 637 (sex unknown, SVL: 222) from Ambala, Punjab state, I. BMNH 37 A (male, SVL: 432) from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh state, and J. ZSI-CZRC 6330 (male, SVL: 350) from Cuttack, Odisha state. Scale bar 10 mm; SVL in mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542392" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">10 A-J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Dorsal colour and pattern show a significant ontogenetic change. In juvenile and subadult specimens the dorsal ground colour is olive-brown to light brown, the head dorsally slightly darker with narrow elongated irregular shaped whitish markings. Along the body up to 70 narrow whitish/black or dark brown stippled crossbars, usually two scales wide and in contact with lateral edges of ventrals. The first band is separated from the posterior border of parietals, the interspace between bands is three to four dorsal scales wide. The intensity of bands decreases posteriorly and the contours become blurred near to the vent. Dorsocaudally the bands are dissolved in an irregular fine pattern of light and dark points. Temporals, preoculars and supralabials can show small whitish spots. From about 600 mm total length the colour and pattern of young specimens begin to fade and disappear gradually. Adult specimens are dorsally dark brown to dark reddish-brown without any markings on head, body or tail. The ventral side of head, body and tail in all age classes is patternless yellowish cream.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is commonly believed to occur from Pakistan in the West to Bangladesh in the East with a North to South distribution from Nepal to Sri Lanka (see e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mahendra, BC" journalOrPublisher="The Annales of Zoology, Agra - 2 (India), 22" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B237" refString="Mahendra, BC, 1984. Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The Annales of Zoology, Agra - 2 (India), 22" title="Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh, and Pakistan." year="1984">Mahendra 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Welch, KRG" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B402" refString="Welch, KRG, 1988. Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii+183 pp." title="Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii + 183 pp." year="1988">Welch 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B81" refString="Daniel, JC, 2002. The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii +238 pp." title="The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii + 238 pp." year="2002">Daniel 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gruber, U" editor="Schleich, HH" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="803 - 950" refId="B159" refString="Gruber, U, 2002. Family Colubridae (Colubrid snakes). In: Schleich, HH, Kaestle, W, Eds., Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal. A.R.G. Gantner K.G., Ruggell: 803 - 950" title="Family Colubridae (Colubrid snakes)." volumeTitle="Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal." year="2002">Gruber 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, RC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 8, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B333" refString="Sharma, RC, 2007. Fauna of India and adjacent countries. Reptilia. Volume-III (Serpentes). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xxvi+410 pp." title="Fauna of India and adjacent countries. Reptilia. Volume-III (Serpentes). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xxvi + 410 pp." year="2007">Sharma 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ69-3-2019-04" author="Das, S" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="311 - 325" refId="B98" refString="Das, S, Campbell, PD, Roy, S, Mukherjee, S, Pramanick, K, Biswas, A, Raha, S, 2019. Cranial osteology and molecular phylogeny of Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802) (Colubridae: Serpentes). Vertebrate Zoology 69 (3): 311 - 325, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ69-3-2019-04" title="Cranial osteology and molecular phylogeny of Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802) (Colubridae: Serpentes)." url="https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ69-3-2019-04" volume="69" year="2019">Das et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" publicationUrl="http://www.reptile-database.org" refId="B372" refString="Uetz, P, Freed, P, Hosek, J, 2019. (2019) The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org" title="(2019) The Reptile Database." url="http://www.reptile-database.org" year="2019">Uetz et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We analyzed pertinent literature and locality information from museum specimens to present a list of localities corrected and updated for each country (see below and Appendix 9 Gazetteer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
According to our current knowledge,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known with certainty from India and Pakistan. In India it is recorded from the states of Andhra Pradesh (Kasimkota [Casemcottah, type locality], Eluru, Nallamala Hills, Pulicat Lake, Rajahmundry, Rollapenta, Sundipentha/Sikharam, Thummalapalle mine and Visakhapatnam), Bihar (Munger, Patna, Tinpahar and Rajmahal), Chhattisgarh (Pharsabhar), Goa (Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary and Panaji), Gujarat (Baroda, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dahod, Dangs, Gandhinagar, Girnar Hill, Gir Forest, Kala Gadba, nr. Mahal, Mehsana, Panchmahal, Sabarkantha, Samot, Surat, Valsad, Vansda National Park and Vijapur), Haryana (Ambala), Jharkhand (Hazaribag District), Karnataka (Balekola, Chincholi Forest, Belgaum, Coimbatore, Coorg, Hosar, Mysuru and Shivamogga), Kerala (Muthanga in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary), Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal district, Barkatullah University Campus, Dewas, Dumna Nature Park, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Kanha National Park, Katra Hills, Mandla, Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Sagar, Satpura Tiger Reserve, Shahdol, Sita Hill and Ujjain), Maharashtra (Akola district, Ahmednagar, Ale nr. Narayangon, Atpadi, Aurangabad, Bassein Fort, Bohali, Borivali (Gorai) mangroves, Buldhana district, Chink Hill, Dahanu Forest Division, Deolali, Devagad, Ghorawadi nr. Talegaon, Jalgaon, Jawhar, Juvem, Kaas Plateau, Khandala, Kolhapur district, Konkan region, Kurduvadi, Malegaon, Marol, Mokhada, Mumbai, Nagar, Nagpur, Nanded, Navegaon National Park, Navi, Panchgani, Parel, Parvati-Pachgaon Hills, Powai, Pune, Ranidoh region, Thana, Vidarbha region, Vidyanagari, Visapur and Yavatmal), Odisha (Gandhamardan Hills, Nandankanan, Choudwar, Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Baripada and Bhadrak), Puducherry, Rajasthan (near Hemavas Dam, Pratapgarh district and Ramri), Tamil Nadu (Chennai and Hosur Hills), Telangana (Farahabad, Hyderabad region, Ippalapally, Jannaram, Kerimeri, Khanapur, Kinnerasani, Old Bowenpally, Rushulacheruvu, Tarnaka and Vijayapuri), Uttar Pradesh (Mathura region, Faizabad, Prayagraj and Varanasi), West Bengal (Dum Dum, Durgapur, Kolkata and Panchet Hill). The westernmost published record of the Banded racer comes from the Girnat Hill or Girnagar in the Junagadh district of Gujarat, approximately 70°31' East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Patel, H" journalOrPublisher="- Journal of Animal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="9 - 35" refId="B279" refString="Patel, H, Vyas, R, Dudhatra, B, Naik, V, Chavda, A, Chauhan, D, Vaghashiya, A, Vagadiya, R, Vaghashiya, P, 2019a. Preliminary report on herpetofauna of Mount Girnar, Gujarat, India. - Journal of Animal Diversity 1 (2): 9 - 35" title="Preliminary report on herpetofauna of Mount Girnar, Gujarat, India." volume="1" year="2019 a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report and List of Accessions" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="43 - 46" refId="B23" refString="Anonymous, 1870. Accessions to the Museum in July 1870 II. Reptilia. Indian Museum. Annual Report and List of Accessions 1870: 43 - 46" title="Accessions to the Museum in July 1870 II. Reptilia. Indian Museum." volume="1870" year="1870">Anonymous (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="12 - 39" refId="B17" refString="Anderson, J, 1871. A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II) 40 (1): 12 - 39" title="A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species." volume="40" year="1871">Anderson (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Kaiserlich-Koenigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B358" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871b. Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40(2): 421-445, pl. 25+26." title="Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40 (2): 421 - 445, pl. 25 + 26." year="1871 b">Stoliczka (1871b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sclater, W" journalOrPublisher="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, Wuppertal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B315" refString="Sclater, W, 1891. List of Snakes in the Indian Museum. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, x+79 pp." title="List of Snakes in the Indian Museum. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, x + 79 pp." year="1891">Sclater (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ahmed, S" editor="Gosh," journalOrPublisher="Part 2. - Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 3, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B12" refString="Ahmed, S, Dasgupta, G, 1992. Reptilia. In: Gosh, , Ed., Fauna of West Bengal. Part 2. - Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 3, Calcutta: 1 - 65" title="Reptilia." volumeTitle="Fauna of West Bengal." year="1992">Ahmed and Dasgupta (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the actual westernmost distributional border for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. plinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">P. plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies in West Bengal state of India, near Kolkata approximately 88°25' East (incl. ZSI-K 7332, don. Joseph Fayrer 1870, ZSI-K 7334 don. John F. Galiffe, and the specimen from Dum Dum illustrated on sketch 63 of the Hardwicke collection in the Natural History Museum, London; see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Platyceps plinii comb. nov. Previously unpublished original colour-painting from the Thomas Hardwicke collection of sketches (Volume II, sketch 63) kept in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum, London, U. K. (see also Smith 1943, p. 529). Reproduced with permission from the Natural History Museum, London, U. K." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542390" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542390" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. Previously unpublished original colour-painting from the Thomas Hardwicke collection of sketches (Volume II, sketch 63) kept in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 529). Reproduced with permission from the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542391" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. in life from various parts of India. Adults:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A.</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI-CZRC-6384 (male, SVL: 491) from Baripada, Odisha state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncollected specimen from Pune, Maharashtra state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C.</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI-CZRC-V-6416 (male, SVL: 815) from Pune, Maharashtra state, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncollected female from Amaravati, Maharashtra state. Hatchlings/juveniles:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">E</emphasis>
|
||
. ZSI-CZRC-V-6329 (subadult male, SVL: 355) from Choudwar, Odisha state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Uncollected specimen from Pune, Maharashtra state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Uncollected specimen from Amboli, Maharashtra state, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncollected specimen from Yavatmal, Maharashtra state. SVL in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542392" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb nov. Variation of neck pattern in specimens from various parts of India. Adults:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A.</emphasis>
|
||
NCBS-AQ492 (female, SVL: 820) from Bangalore, Karnataka state
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">B.</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 62.8.14.29 (female, SVL: 854 mm) from Bengal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C.</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI-CZRC-7111 (female, SVL: 965) Kabeerdham, Chhattisgarh state and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">D.</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 2857 (female, SVL: 746) Pune, Maharashtra state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">E.</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI-CZRC 6331 (male, SVL: 713) from Bhandara, Maharashtra state. Hatchlings/juveniles:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">F.</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 657 (male, SVL: 331) from Satna, Madhya Pradesh state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G.</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 639 (sex unknown, SVL: 212) from Saugor, Madhya Pradesh state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">H.</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 637 (sex unknown, SVL: 222) from Ambala, Punjab state,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">I.</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 37A (male, SVL: 432) from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh state, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">J.</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI-CZRC 6330 (male, SVL: 350) from Cuttack, Odisha state. Scale bar 10 mm; SVL in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542393" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Hemipenis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. (ZSI-CZRC-V-6416, left organ) from Pune, Maharashtra state, India:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">B.</emphasis>
|
||
asulcal, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C.</emphasis>
|
||
sulcal view. Scale bar 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
In Pakistan confirmed records are known from the Indus plain in Sindh province (nr. Badin, Hala, Jati, Lakarna, Makli Hills, Mohenjo-daro, Pir Patho, Raj Malk, Sonda, and Tatta) and some authors mentioned southern and central Punjab without specific locality (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Biologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="113 - 171" refId="B209" refString="Khan, MS, 1980. Affinities and zoogeography of Herpetiles of Pakistan. Biologica 26 (1-2): 113 - 171" title="Affinities and zoogeography of Herpetiles of Pakistan." volume="26" year="1980">Khan 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="4 - 5" refId="B210" refString="Khan, MS, 1982. Some notes on snakes in Pakistan. Hamadryad 7 (1): 4 - 5" title="Some notes on snakes in Pakistan." volume="7" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B213" refString="Khan, MS, 2002. Die Schlangen Pakistans. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Die Schlangen Pakistans." year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B215" refString="Khan, MS, 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi+311 pp." title="Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi + 311 pp." year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found only one record with more precise information for Punjab from the Lal Suhanra National Park in Bahawalpur published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, BN" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1725 - 1734" refId="B205" refString="Khan, BN, Ahmad, R, Ali, Z, Yasmeen, R, Azhar, M, Abid, F, Mehmood, S, Raza, H, 2018. Study of vertebrate diversity at Lal Suhanra National Park, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 28 (6): 1725 - 1734" title="Study of vertebrate diversity at Lal Suhanra National Park, Pakistan." volume="28" year="2018">Khan et al. (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1731).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Unconfirmed or erroneous distribution records.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Sporadically the Banded racer is mentioned for the Himalayan region in northwestern and northeastern India.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mahajan, KK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="301 - 312" refId="B236" refString="Mahajan, KK, Agrawal, HP, 1976. Report on a collection of reptile fauna from Simla Hills, Himachal Pradesh. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 71: 301 - 312" title="Report on a collection of reptile fauna from Simla Hills, Himachal Pradesh." volume="71" year="1976">Mahajan and Agrawal (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agrawal, HP" journalOrPublisher="The Indian Journal of Zootomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="115 - 124" refId="B10" refString="Agrawal, HP, 1979. A check-list of reptiles of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Indian Journal of Zootomy 20 (2): 115 - 124" title="A check-list of reptiles of Himachal Pradesh, India." volume="20" year="1979">Agrawal (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published records (as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Saproon village and the Gambhar bridge from an elevation of 1513 m and 1485 m a.s.l. respectively. Both localities are situated in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh state of India. From Uttarakhand state the Banded racer was listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, S" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B335" refString="Sharma, S, 2004. Observation on some snake species of Kedernath WLS, Garhwal Himalaya. Reptile Rap 6: 3." title="Observation on some snake species of Kedernath WLS, Garhwal Himalaya. Reptile Rap 6: 3." year="2004">Sharma (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Sokharak, Mandal Rest House and Mandal-Chopta road in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary located between 1500 and 3300 m a.s.l. in the Chamoli and Rudraprayag districts, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bahuguna, A" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B33" refString="Bahuguna, A, 2010. Reptilia. In: Zool. Surv. India (Ed.): Fauna of Uttarakhand, (Part 1), Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 18, Kolkata, 445-503." title="Reptilia. In: Zool. Surv. India (Ed.): Fauna of Uttarakhand, (Part 1), Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 18, Kolkata, 445 - 503." year="2010">Bahuguna (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the Corbett Tiger Reserve (now Jim Corbett National Park). Since these reports, no further specimens from the Himalayan range of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand have become known and because of the fact that these localities are considerably above the average altitudinal distribution of this species (see below), we suspect that these records are based on incorrect determinations (Abhijit Das, pers. comm. 2020) and consider the records to be very doubtful. The Banded racer is also listed from the Eastern Himalayas by e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jha, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B191" refString="Jha, A, Thapa, K, 2002. Reptiles & amphibians of Sikkim. Mrs. S. Jha Publ., Raipur, 6+100 pp." title="Reptiles & amphibians of Sikkim. Mrs. S. Jha Publ., Raipur, 6 + 100 pp." year="2002">Jha and Thapa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chettri, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hill Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B67" refString="Chettri, B, Bhupathy, S, 2007. Reptile fauna of Sikkim with emphasis to Teesta valley. Journal of Hill Research 20 (1): 1 - 11" title="Reptile fauna of Sikkim with emphasis to Teesta valley." volume="20" year="2007">Chettri and Bhupathy (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chettri, B" editor="Arrawatia, ML" journalOrPublisher="Information and Public Relations Department, Government of Sikkim. Gangtok" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="233 - 254" refId="B66" refString="Chettri, B, Acharya, BK, Bhupathy, S, 2011. An overview of the herpetofauna of Sikkim with emphasis on the elevational distribution pattern and threats and conservation issues. In: Arrawatia, ML, Tambe, S, Eds., Biodiversity of Sikkim: Exploring and conserving a global hotspot. Information and Public Relations Department, Government of Sikkim. Gangtok: 233 - 254" title="An overview of the herpetofauna of Sikkim with emphasis on the elevational distribution pattern and threats and conservation issues." volumeTitle="Biodiversity of Sikkim: Exploring and conserving a global hotspot." year="2011">Chettri et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Whereas the first authors consider it
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rare”">"rare"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chettri and Bhupathy (l.c.) regarded it surprisingly as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“common”">"common"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Sikkim. Since none of the above-mentioned authors provided a single voucher specimen or a specified locality in that East Himalayan state, and no preserved material is known from any collection, so we consider its distribution in Sikkim to be unproven.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Based on water-colour sketch no. 61 from the Hardwicke collection,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B347" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii+583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." title="Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III-Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, xii + 583 pp. [reprinted 1961 by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun and 1981 by Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi]." year="1943">Smith (1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 529) mentioned
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Cawnpore”">"Cawnpore"</normalizedToken>
|
||
[Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh state of India] for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the Banded Racer is known to occur in this state (see above), the snake depicted on this drawing is in fact, a Common ratsnake,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptyas mucosa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Ptyas mucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added the Pakistani province of Balochistan to the distribution range, but the literature cited provided no such indications and we could not identify a single credible record for this state.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
When it comes to the distribution of the Banded racer in Sri Lanka, there is a consistent reference to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haly, A" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B167" refString="Haly, A, 1886. First report on a collection of snakes in the Colombo Museum. Presented by the Committee of the Colombo Museum, 18 pp." title="First report on a collection of snakes in the Colombo Museum. Presented by the Committee of the Colombo Museum, 18 pp." year="1886">Haly (1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haly, A" journalOrPublisher="The Government Printing Works, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B168" refString="Haly, A, 1891. Report on the collection of reptilia & batrachia in the Colombo Museum. The Government Printing Works, Colombo" title="Report on the collection of reptilia & batrachia in the Colombo Museum." year="1891">1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), who allegedly provided the first evidence. But, as already noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Somaweera, R" journalOrPublisher="Sri Lankan Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B350" refString="Somaweera, R, 2006. Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8+297 pp. [in Singhalese]." title="Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8 + 297 pp. [in Singhalese]." year="2006">Somaweera (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson, W" journalOrPublisher="Printer, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B126" refString="Ferguson, W, 1877. Reptile fauna of Ceylon. Letter on a collection sent to the Colombo Museum. William Henry Herbert, Govt. Printer, Colombo" title="Reptile fauna of Ceylon. Letter on a collection sent to the Colombo Museum. William Henry Herbert, Govt." year="1877">Ferguson (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first who listed this species for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ceylon”">"Ceylon"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Ferguson (l.c.) stated that the specimen
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“[…">"[...</normalizedToken>
|
||
] was sent to the Museum [Colombo] lately by Mr. Deputy
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Queen’s">Queen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Advocate Thwaites, and supposed to have been found by Mr. Twynam, the Government Agent of the Northern Province, about Aripo" (see Appendix Note 3). Since
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haly, A" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B167" refString="Haly, A, 1886. First report on a collection of snakes in the Colombo Museum. Presented by the Committee of the Colombo Museum, 18 pp." title="First report on a collection of snakes in the Colombo Museum. Presented by the Committee of the Colombo Museum, 18 pp." year="1886">Haly (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the Banded racer is consistently listed as part of the Sri Lankan snake fauna (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Cottle, Government Printer, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B394" refString="Wall, F, 1921. Ophidia Taprobanica or the snakes of Ceylon. H. R. Cottle, Government Printer, Colombo" title="Ophidia Taprobanica or the snakes of Ceylon. H. R." year="1921">Wall 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deranyiagala, PEP" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B103" refString="Deranyiagala, PEP, 1955. A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Volume three. Serpentoid reptilia. Government Press, Colombo, vii+(1)+49 pls. +(5)+121 pp." title="A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Volume three. Serpentoid reptilia. Government Press, Colombo, vii + (1) + 49 pls. + (5) + 121 pp." year="1955">Deranyiagala 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; P.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, PHDH" journalOrPublisher="John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B111" refString="De Silva, PHDH, 1980. Snake fauna of Sri Lanka with special reference to skull, dentition and venom in snakes. National Museum of Sri Lanka, Colombo xi+472 pp." title="Snake fauna of Sri Lanka with special reference to skull, dentition and venom in snakes. National Museum of Sri Lanka, Colombo xi + 472 pp." year="1980">de Silva 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="R & A Publishing Limited, Portishead, GB" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B104" refString="De Silva, A, 1990. Colour guide to the snakes of Sri Lanka. R & A Publishing Limited, Portishead, GB" title="Colour guide to the snakes of Sri Lanka." year="1990">de Silva 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B108" refString="De Silva, A, 2001. The herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. An historical overview, current status with checklist. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organisation (ARROS), Peradeniya, (2)+91 pp." title="The herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. An historical overview, current status with checklist. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organisation (ARROS), Peradeniya, (2) + 91 pp." year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Ltd., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B94" refString="Das, I, De Silva, A, 2005. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ." year="2005">Das and de Silva 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Somaweera, R" journalOrPublisher="Sri Lankan Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B350" refString="Somaweera, R, 2006. Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8+297 pp. [in Singhalese]." title="Sri Lankawe Serpayin [The snakes of Sri Lanka]. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 8 + 297 pp. [in Singhalese]." year="2006">Somaweera 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B109" refString="De Silva, A, Jinasena, J, 2009. Snakes of Sri Lanka. A coloured atlas (With accounts on snakes in archaeology, history, folklore, venomous snakes and snakebite). Vijitha Yapa Publications, Colombo, xix+(1)+129+(1) pp." title="Snakes of Sri Lanka. A coloured atlas (With accounts on snakes in archaeology, history, folklore, venomous snakes and snakebite). Vijitha Yapa Publications, Colombo, xix + (1) + 129 + (1) pp." year="2009">de Silva and Jinasena 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B110" refString="De Silva, A, Ukuwela, K, 2017. A naturalist's guide to the reptiles of Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford" title="A naturalist's guide to the reptiles of Sri Lanka." year="2017">de Silva and Ukuwela 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) although no additional specimen has been collected, no preserved voucher specimens are known from any collection, and recent fieldwork on Jaffna Peninsula revealed no further material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.1969.1978" author="Abyerami, S" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1969 - 1978" refId="B3" refString="Abyerami, S, Sivashanthini, K, 2008. Diversity of snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11 (16): 1969 - 1978, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.1969.1978" title="Diversity of snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." url="https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.1969.1978" volume="11" year="2008">Abyerami and Sivashanthini 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-5-247-260" author="Madawala, M" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="247 - 260" refId="B235" refString="Madawala, M, Surasinghe, T, de Silva, A, Gabadage, D, Botejue, M, Peabotuwage, I, Kandambi, D, Karunarathna, S, 2019. Reappraisal of herpetofauna recorded from Jaffna Peninsula in northern Sri Lanka with remarks on conservation, diversity, and distribution. Russian Journal of Herpetology 26 (5): 247 - 260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-5-247-260" title="Reappraisal of herpetofauna recorded from Jaffna Peninsula in northern Sri Lanka with remarks on conservation, diversity, and distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-5-247-260" volume="26" year="2019">Madawala et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, EH" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="519 - 603" refId="B361" refString="Taylor, EH, 1950. A brief review of Ceylonese snakes. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 33 (14): 519 - 603" title="A brief review of Ceylonese snakes." volume="33" year="1950">Taylor (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and regard this species as doubtful for Sri Lanka.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
In several publications, especially in overview works and faunal lists, the Banded racer is mentioned for Bangladesh. This is probably because in older publications (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B56" refString="Cantor, T, 1839. Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vii: 31-34+49-55." title="Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vii: 31 - 34 + 49 - 55." year="1839">Cantor 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B164" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1864. The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii+452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." title="The reptiles of British India. R. Hardwicke [Ray Society], London, xxvii + 452 pp. [reprinted 198? by Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi]." year="1864">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1864
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B367" refString="Theobald, W, 1876. Descriptive Catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 1-238, i-xxxviii, Appendix i-viii, 6 pls." title="Descriptive Catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 1 - 238, i-xxxviii, Appendix i-viii, 6 pls." year="1876">Theobald 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B50" refString="Boulenger, G, 1890. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii+541 pp." title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii + 541 pp." year="1890">Boulenger 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengal”">"Bengal"</normalizedToken>
|
||
is listed as a known distribution, a region currently divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India. After the separation of the central and eastern regions of Bengal from India in 1947 and the foundation of the state of Bangladesh in 1971, the majority of (Indian) authors changed the original information
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bengal”">"Bengal"</normalizedToken>
|
||
to "West Bengal"(India), but others still maintained the distribution for Bangladesh (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Welch, KRG" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B402" refString="Welch, KRG, 1988. Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii+183 pp." title="Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii + 183 pp." year="1988">Welch 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B80" refString="Daniel, JC, 1989. The book of Indian reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" title="The book of Indian reptiles." year="1989">Daniel 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B81" refString="Daniel, JC, 2002. The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii +238 pp." title="The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii + 238 pp." year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publ., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B89" refString="Das, I, 2002. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publ., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India." year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" publicationUrl="http://www.reptile-database.org" refId="B372" refString="Uetz, P, Freed, P, Hosek, J, 2019. (2019) The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org" title="(2019) The Reptile Database." url="http://www.reptile-database.org" year="2019">Uetz et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already clarified that the species is not found further east than Calcutta in West Bengal state of India. Authors who refer exclusively to the herpetofauna of Bangaladesh (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Islam, MA" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B187" refString="Islam, MA, Ameen, M-U, Nishat, A, 2000. (2000) Red book of threatened amphibians and reptiles of Bangladesh. Dhaka IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Dhaka, xii+95 pp." title="(2000) Red book of threatened amphibians and reptiles of Bangladesh. Dhaka IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Dhaka, xii + 95 pp." year="2000">Islam et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MAR" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="5 - 7" refId="B206" refString="Khan, MAR, 1988. An updated list of snakes of Bangladesh. Hamadryad 13 (1): 5 - 7" title="An updated list of snakes of Bangladesh." volume="13" year="1988">Khan 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MAR" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B207" refString="Khan, MAR, 2004. Checklist of the herpetofauna of Bangladesh. Cobra 57: 1 - 31" title="Checklist of the herpetofauna of Bangladesh." volume="57" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kabir, SMH" journalOrPublisher="Bioscience Discovery" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B196" refString="Kabir, SMH, Ahmad, M, Ahmed, ATA, Rahmann, AKA, Begum, ZNT, Hassan, MA, Khondker, M, 2009. (2009) Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, Vol. 25. Amphibians and Reptiles. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, xviii+204 pp." title="(2009) Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, Vol. 25. Amphibians and Reptiles. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, xviii + 204 pp." year="2009">Kabir et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) do not present more detailed localities and while
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hasan, MK" journalOrPublisher="Arannayk Foundation, Dhaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B169" refString="Hasan, MK, Khan, MMH, Feeroz, MM, 2014. Amphibians and reptiles of Bangladesh. A field guide. Arannayk Foundation, Dhaka" title="Amphibians and reptiles of Bangladesh. A field guide." year="2014">Hasan et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the Banded racer as expected to occur in the Northeast and Southeast of the country, he did not provide any supporting evidence. We could not find any historical or current evidence that this snake species occurs in Bangladesh.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
From Nepal, the Banded racer was first mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, A [CLG]" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B162" refString="Guenther, A[CLG], 1861. List of the cold-blooded vertebrata collected by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., in Nepal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1861]: 213-227." title="List of the cold-blooded vertebrata collected by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., in Nepal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1861]: 213 - 227." year="1861">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1861)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in a list of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“[…">"[...</normalizedToken>
|
||
] Cold-Blooded
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="subPhylum" subPhylum="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="…]”">...]"</normalizedToken>
|
||
collected in that country.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther’s">Guenther's</normalizedToken>
|
||
source was a water-colour painting of a specimen from the "Central hilly region" (reproduced here in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Extract from a previously unpublished original water-colour painting from Brian H. Hodgson's collection of drawings kept in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum, London, U. K. The depicted specimen from the " Central hilly region " of Nepal, determined by Guenther (1861) as "? Coryphodon fasciolatus " (= Platyceps plinii comb. nov.), is the original and sole source for the distribution of the Banded Racer in Nepal. In fact, the specimen shown is an adult Rhabdophis himalayanus (Guenther, 1864) (see chapter " Unconfirmed or erroneous distribution "). The inscription in Devanagari script on the lower right side of the sheet states that this specimen was preserved in alcohol on 27 September 1857. Reproduced with permission from the Natural History Museum, London, U. K." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542388" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) probably made by Raj Man Sinh Chitrakar, a Nepalese draftsman employed by Brian H. Hodgson (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McClelland, J" journalOrPublisher="Calcutta Journal of Natural History and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="129 - 130" refId="B244" refString="McClelland, J, Griffith, W, 1844. Hodgson's Illustrations of the Zoology of Nipal and Tibet. Calcutta Journal of Natural History and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences 4: 129 - 130" title="Hodgson's Illustrations of the Zoology of Nipal and Tibet." volume="4" year="1844">McClelland and Griffith 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cocker, M" journalOrPublisher="Sauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B73" refString="Cocker, M, Inskipp, C, 1988. A Himalayan Ornithologist. The life and work of Brian Houghton Hodgson. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, xii+87 pp., 49 pls." title="A Himalayan Ornithologist. The life and work of Brian Houghton Hodgson. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, xii + 87 pp., 49 pls." year="1988">Cocker and Inskipp 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The locality most probably refers to the complex of hills and valleys surrounding the Kathmandu valley where the majority of specimens in the Hodgson Nepalese collection originated. Our examination of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hodgson’s">Hodgson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original drawing, in the Zoological Library of Natural History Museum, London, revealed that the specimen depicted is not a Banded racer but a natricid snake,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Rhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhabdophis himalayanus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Rhabdophis himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1864), a species reported from that region by e.g. Gruber in Schleich et al. (2002).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B340" refString="Shrestha, TK, 2001. Herpetology of Nepal. A field guide to amphibians and reptiles of Trans-Himalayan Region of Asia. B. Shrestha Publ., Kathmandu, 8+280 pp." title="Herpetology of Nepal. A field guide to amphibians and reptiles of Trans-Himalayan Region of Asia. B. Shrestha Publ., Kathmandu, 8 + 280 pp." year="2001">Shrestha (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the Banded racer has been reported from the Royal Chitwan National Park, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“[…">"[...</normalizedToken>
|
||
] lives in dense Sal forest as well as grassland of Chitwan valley in Nepal [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="…]”">...]"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. We regard this statement as based on a misidentification because no voucher is known. Similar to the aforementioned record for Sri Lanka, the occurrence of the Banded racer in Nepal relies solely on an old and unreviewed original source, so the presence of this species in Nepal could not be confirmed. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramer, E." journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="721 - 761" refId="B221" refString="Kramer, E., 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue suisse de zoologie 84 (3): 721 - 761" title="Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals." volume="84" year="1977">Kramer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already considered the distribution in Nepal as questionable, and no further material has been collected (Karan B. Shah in litt. 2019), most subsequent authors continue to list the Banded racer in the Nepalese herpetofauna (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swan, LW" journalOrPublisher="," pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="103 - 147" refId="B359" refString="Swan, LW, Leviton, AE, 1962. The herpetology of Nepal: A history, checklist, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4. Ser., 32 (6): 103 - 147" title="The herpetology of Nepal: A history, checklist, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4. Ser." volume="32" year="1962">Swan and Leviton 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Welch, KRG" journalOrPublisher="Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B402" refString="Welch, KRG, 1988. Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii+183 pp." title="Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. R. E. Krieger Publ. Comp. Malabar, FL, vii + 183 pp." year="1988">Welch 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schleich, HH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Nepal Research Centre (JNRC)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="141 - 168" refId="B313" refString="Schleich, HH, 1993. Contribution to the Systematics and to the Bibliography of the Amphibians and Reptiles from Nepal. Journal of the Nepal Research Centre (JNRC) 9: 141 - 168" title="Contribution to the Systematics and to the Bibliography of the Amphibians and Reptiles from Nepal." volume="9" year="1993">Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" editor="de Silva, A" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="26 - 46" refId="B339" refString="Shrestha, TK, 1998. Country report for Nepal. Herpetofauna of Nepal: Present status, distribution and conservation. In: de Silva, A, Ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biology and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles of South Asia, Sri Lanka, August 1-5, 1996. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya: 26 - 46" title="Country report for Nepal. Herpetofauna of Nepal: Present status, distribution and conservation." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biology and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles of South Asia, Sri Lanka, August 1 - 5, 1996." year="1998">Shrestha 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS), Peradeniya" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B340" refString="Shrestha, TK, 2001. Herpetology of Nepal. A field guide to amphibians and reptiles of Trans-Himalayan Region of Asia. B. Shrestha Publ., Kathmandu, 8+280 pp." title="Herpetology of Nepal. A field guide to amphibians and reptiles of Trans-Himalayan Region of Asia. B. Shrestha Publ., Kathmandu, 8 + 280 pp." year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shrestha, TK" journalOrPublisher="Bimala Shrestha, Kathmandu, (13), map, 32 pls." pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B341" refString="Shrestha, TK, 2003. Wildlife of Nepal. A study of renewable resources of Nepal Himalayas. Mrs. Bimala Shrestha, Kathmandu, (13), map, 32 pls." title="Wildlife of Nepal. A study of renewable resources of Nepal Himalayas. Mrs." year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gruber, U" editor="Schleich, HH" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner K. G., Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="803 - 950" refId="B159" refString="Gruber, U, 2002. Family Colubridae (Colubrid snakes). In: Schleich, HH, Kaestle, W, Eds., Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal. A.R.G. Gantner K.G., Ruggell: 803 - 950" title="Family Colubridae (Colubrid snakes)." volumeTitle="Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal." year="2002">Gruber 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shah, KB" journalOrPublisher="National Zoonoses & Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC), Kathmandu" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B321" refString="Shah, KB, Tiwari, S, 2004. Herpetofauna of Nepal: A conservation companion. IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, viii+237 pp." title="Herpetofauna of Nepal: A conservation companion. IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, viii + 237 pp." year="2004">Shah and Tiwari 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B396" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii+1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, xxvii + 1227 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" publicationUrl="http://www.reptile-database.org" refId="B372" refString="Uetz, P, Freed, P, Hosek, J, 2019. (2019) The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org" title="(2019) The Reptile Database." url="http://www.reptile-database.org" year="2019">Uetz et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Based on records of the Banded racer in Bengal,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut" journalOrPublisher="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, Wuppertal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="11 - 23" refId="B314" refString="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, 2000. Umweltverstaendnis und Nationalparks. In: Bhutan - Druk Yul: Land des Donnerdrachen. Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, Wuppertal: 11 - 23" title="Umweltverstaendnis und Nationalparks." volumeTitle="Bhutan - Druk Yul: Land des Donnerdrachen." year="2000">
|
||
Schleich and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kästle">Kaestle</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lenz, N" journalOrPublisher="Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B230" refString="Lenz, N, 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen. Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe" title="Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen. Natur und Kultur in Bhutan." year="2012">Lenz (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suspected its possible occurrence in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan which was adopted as questionable by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P" journalOrPublisher="Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 4 (Vertebrata 2). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" publicationUrl="http://www.reptile-database.org" refId="B372" refString="Uetz, P, Freed, P, Hosek, J, 2019. (2019) The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org" title="(2019) The Reptile Database." url="http://www.reptile-database.org" year="2019">Uetz et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As explained above for the Himalayan regions of India and Nepal such a presumption lacks any basis and we refer to the list of verified records above (see also Appendix 9 Gazetteer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B58" refString="Cantor, T, 1847a. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607-656+897-952+1026-1078, 2 pls." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, new series 16: 607 - 656 + 897 - 952 + 1026 - 1078, 2 pls." year="1847 a">Cantor (1847a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cantor, T" journalOrPublisher="Henri Basuyau & Cie, Toulouse" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B59" refString="Cantor, T, 1847b. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1-3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." title="Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands [parts 1 - 3]. Calcutta (published by the author), 157 pp., 2 pls. [reissued 1886 in Truebner's Oriental Series. Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China, Vol. II; reprinted 1966 by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam, and by Cosmo Publictations, New Delhi in 1981]." year="1847 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) mentioned a specimen from the Province Wellesley (Seberang Perai, Penang state, West Malaysia) which corresponds with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
"Nooni Paragoodoo", and determined it as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on dentitional characters, which he regarded as similar to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B301" refString="Russell, P, 1796. An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii+91 pp., 46 pls." title="An account of Indian serpents, collected on the Coast of Coromandel; containing descriptions and drawings of each species; together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, vii + 91 pp., 46 pls." year="1796">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Russell’s">Russell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1796)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description, he concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. fasciolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C. fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“[…">"[...</normalizedToken>
|
||
] cannot be placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Lycodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to which it has been referred by M.M. H. Boie, -Wagler and Schlegel".
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B391" refString="Wall, F, 1908. The poisonous terrestrial snakes of our British Indian Dominions and how to recognize them. Bombay Natural History Society, viii+(1)+(1)+68+(1) pp. [second edition]." title="The poisonous terrestrial snakes of our British Indian Dominions and how to recognize them. Bombay Natural History Society, viii + (1) + (1) + 68 + (1) pp. [second edition]." year="1908">Wall (1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 21 footnote, 1913, p. 20 footnote, 1921, p. 195 footnote, 1924, p. 619) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 266) already doubted the authenticity of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantor’s">Cantor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
record. Our re-examination of this juvenile specimen (BMNH 60.3.19.1121) confirmed its identity as
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. plinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">P. plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus the locality given by Cantor must be considered as an error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mason, F" journalOrPublisher="IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B243" refString="Mason, F, 1861. Burmah, its people and natural productions or notes on the nations, fauna, flora, and minerals of Tenasserim, Pegu and Burmah, with systematic catalogues of the known mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, insects, mollusks, crustaceans, annalids, radiates, plants and minerals, with vernacular names. Trubner & Co., London, [1860], xvii+913 pp. [second edition]" title="Burmah, its people and natural productions or notes on the nations, fauna, flora, and minerals of Tenasserim, Pegu and Burmah, with systematic catalogues of the known mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, insects, mollusks, crustaceans, annalids, radiates, plants and minerals, with vernacular names. Trubner & Co., London, [1860], xvii + 913 pp. [second edition]" year="1861">Mason (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Coluber fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Burmah”">"Burmah"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="4 - 67" refId="B366" refString="Theobald, W, 1868b. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 10: 4 - 67" title="Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Journal of the Linnean Society of London." volume="10" year="1868 b">Theobald (1868b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholson, E" journalOrPublisher="Ceylon Journal of Science, Section D" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B265" refString="Nicholson, E, 1874. Indian Snakes. An elementary treatise on ophiology with a descriptive catalogue of the snakes found in India and the adjoining countries. Higginbotham & Co., Madras, 8+188 pp., 22 pls. [second edition]." title="Indian Snakes. An elementary treatise on ophiology with a descriptive catalogue of the snakes found in India and the adjoining countries. Higginbotham & Co., Madras, 8 + 188 pp., 22 pls. [second edition]." year="1874">Nicholson (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned, "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zamenis fasciolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zamenis fasciolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shaw" from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Mergui”">"Mergui"</normalizedToken>
|
||
[Mergui or Myeik Archipelago, Myanmar]. The latter quoted
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Blyth”">"Blyth"</normalizedToken>
|
||
but gives no specific reference, that makes a reassessment impossible.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W" editor="Sparman, HR" journalOrPublisher="Government Press, Rangoon" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="605 - 640" refId="B368" refString="Theobald, W, 1880. Reptilian Fauna. In: Sparman, HR, Ed., The British Burma Gazetteer, Volume I. Government Press, Rangoon: 605 - 640" title="Reptilian Fauna." volumeTitle="The British Burma Gazetteer, Volume I." year="1880">Theobald (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added "Tenasserim, &c." to the distribution of the Banded racer, without reference to specific specimens or exact localities. As indicated above, the easternmost records are from West Bengal and we, therefore, consider the records for Myanmar to be based on misidentification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread over the Indian Subcontinent (see above, Map 1 and Appendix 9 Gazetteer). It is reported as regionally common in e.g. Maharashtra and Karnataka (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murthy, TSN" journalOrPublisher="The Snake" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="139 - 142" refId="B261" refString="Murthy, TSN, Acharjyo, LN, 1987. Report on a collection of snakes in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, India. The Snake 19: 139 - 142" title="Report on a collection of snakes in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, India." volume="19" year="1987">Murthy and Acharjyo 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B80" refString="Daniel, JC, 1989. The book of Indian reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" title="The book of Indian reptiles." year="1989">Daniel 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B81" refString="Daniel, JC, 2002. The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii +238 pp." title="The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii + 238 pp." year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deshmukh, RV" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="34 - 43" refId="B112" refString="Deshmukh, RV, Deshmukh, SA, Badekar, SA, 2015. Rescued records of snakes from Nagpur district, Maharashtra with data on unrecorded species. Reptile Rap 17: 34 - 43" title="Rescued records of snakes from Nagpur district, Maharashtra with data on unrecorded species." volume="17" year="2015">Deshmukh et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, P" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="134 - 137" refId="B185" refString="Ingle, P, Bali, S, Khandagale, J, 2014. Preliminary Survey of Snake Diversity from Malegaon Tehsil of Washim District. World Journal of Zoology 9 (2): 134 - 137" title="Preliminary Survey of Snake Diversity from Malegaon Tehsil of Washim District." volume="9" year="2014">Ingle et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and abundant in parts of Goa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murthy, TSN" journalOrPublisher="The Snake" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="139 - 142" refId="B261" refString="Murthy, TSN, Acharjyo, LN, 1987. Report on a collection of snakes in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, India. The Snake 19: 139 - 142" title="Report on a collection of snakes in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, India." volume="19" year="1987">Murthy and Acharjyo 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It inhabits plains, plateaus and mid hills covered with mixed and dry deciduous forest, scrub forest as well as semi-arid and rocky areas (for habitat examples see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitats of Platyceps plinii comb. nov. in India: A. near type locality Kasimkota village, Andhra Pradesh state, and B. from Pune, Maharashtra state." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542395" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">13 A and B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542394" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. (BMNH 37a) from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh state, India: A. lateral, B. ventral (tooth bearing and connecting bones virtually extracted), C. dorsal and D. ventral view (lower jaw virtually extracted). Scale bar 1.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e64345.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542395" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. - Banded racer" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Platyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platyceps plinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Platyceps plinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. in India:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A.</emphasis>
|
||
near type locality Kasimkota village, Andhra Pradesh state, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">B.</emphasis>
|
||
from Pune, Maharashtra state.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">The vertical distribution ranges from sea level to over 1000 m altitudes, with about 85% of all finds below 600 m a.s.l. A few unusually high sites are known from the states of Madhya Pradesh (Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, 1053 m a.s.l.) and Maharashtra (Kaas Plateau, 1191 m a.s.l., and Panchgani, 1258 m a.s.l.) (see Appendix 9 Gazetteer).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
It is a mainly terrestrial species but also observed to be a good climber (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra [new series]" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="10 - 16" refId="B182" refString="Ingle, M, 2008. Herpetofaunal diversity of Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh. Cobra [new series] 2 (2): 10 - 16" title="Herpetofaunal diversity of Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh." volume="2" year="2008">Ingle 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and found in open places, tall grass, dense bushes, under roots of old trees, in spiles of stones and bricks, and rodent holes. The Banded racer is also reported from urban and cultivated areas where it was found in houses, village environs, agricultural open fields, gardens, parks and farms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Kaiserlich-Koenigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B357" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871a. Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians (Abstract). Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, September issue: 191-192." title="Notes on some Indian and Burmese ophidians (Abstract). Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, September issue: 191 - 192." year="1871 a">Stoliczka 1871a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lindberg, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="690 - 697" refId="B231" refString="Lindberg, K, 1932. Snakes of the Barsi Light Railway (Deccan). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35 (3): 690 - 697" title="Snakes of the Barsi Light Railway (Deccan)." volume="35" year="1932">Lindberg 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Indian Herpetological Society, Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B201" refString="Khaire, N, 1996. Indian Snakes. Indian Herpetological Society, Pune" title="Indian Snakes." year="1996">Khaire 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Jyotsna Prakashan, Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B204" refString="Khaire, N, 2014. Indian snakes. A field guide. Jyotsna Prakashan, Pune" title="Indian snakes. A field guide." year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B180" refString="Ingle, M, 2002. Ecology and status of the ophiofauna of eight districts of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Cobra 50: 1 - 17" title="Ecology and status of the ophiofauna of eight districts of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh." volume="50" year="2002">Ingle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rao, KT" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B294" refString="Rao, KT, Ghate, HV, Sudhakar, M, Javed, SMM, Krishna, SR, 2005. Herpetofauna of Nallamalai Hills with eleven new records from the region including ten new records from Andhra Pradesh. Zoos'Print Journal 20(1): 1737-1740, suppl. i-xi." title="Herpetofauna of Nallamalai Hills with eleven new records from the region including ten new records from Andhra Pradesh. Zoos'Print Journal 20 (1): 1737 - 1740, suppl. i-xi." year="2005">Rao et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasulu, C" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B353" refString="Srinivasulu, C, Srinivasulu, B, Rao, CAN, 2006. Reptilian fauna of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh. Records of the Indian Museum 106 (3): 97 - 122" title="Reptilian fauna of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh." volume="106" year="2006">Srinivasulu et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chandra, K" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="49 - 83" refId="B69" refString="Chandra, K, Sharma, RC, Nagpure, A, Nema, DK, 2008. Reptiles of Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 108 (4): 49 - 83" title="Reptiles of Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh." volume="108" year="2008">Chandra et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chikane, S" journalOrPublisher="Sauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="3 - 15" refId="B72" refString="Chikane, S, Bhosale, HS, 2012. Die Reptilien von Kaas, noerdliche Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indien, mit Bemerkungen zu Vorzugsbiotopen, Haeufigkeiten und Gefaehrdung. Sauria 34 (3): 3 - 15" title="Die Reptilien von Kaas, noerdliche Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indien, mit Bemerkungen zu Vorzugsbiotopen, Haeufigkeiten und Gefaehrdung." volume="34" year="2012">Chikane and Bhosale 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seetharamaraju, M" journalOrPublisher="Fuhlrott-Museum & Forschungsinstitut, Wuppertal" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B316" refString="Seetharamaraju, M, 2014. Taxonomy, diversity, distribution and ecology of snakes in Telangana. PhD Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, (3)+xxxvi+347 pp." title="Taxonomy, diversity, distribution and ecology of snakes in Telangana. PhD Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, (3) + xxxvi + 347 pp." year="2014">Seetharamaraju 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Charjan, AP" journalOrPublisher="Review of Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 3" refId="B70" refString="Charjan, AP, Joshi, PS, 2015. Studies on diversity of snakes in Akola district of Maharashtra, India. Review of Research 4 (6): 1 - 3" title="Studies on diversity of snakes in Akola district of Maharashtra, India." volume="4" year="2015">Charjan and Joshi 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sayeswara, HA" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Science and Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="495 - 500" refId="B308" refString="Sayeswara, HA, Jeevan, EN, Ashashree, HM, Naik, KL, Kumara, SN, 2015. A check list of snakes in and around Shivamogga city corporation, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Science and Nature 6 (3): 495 - 500" title="A check list of snakes in and around Shivamogga city corporation, Karnataka, India." volume="6" year="2015">Sayeswara et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dileepkumar, R" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B113" refString="Dileepkumar, R, Sharma, VR, Oommen, OV, Laladhas, KP, Krishnan, AS, Kumar, AV, 2016. Handbook on snakes of Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram, (12)+1-32+1-8+203+(1) pp." title="Handbook on snakes of Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram, (12) + 1 - 32 + 1 - 8 + 203 + (1) pp." year="2016">Dileepkumar et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, M" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="76 - 84" refId="B184" refString="Ingle, M, Yadav, U, Bhilala, AK, Pawar, M, 2019. Urban Herpetofauna: A case study in Ujjain City of Central India. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 6 (5): 76 - 84" title="Urban Herpetofauna: A case study in Ujjain City of Central India." volume="6" year="2019">Ingle et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In some places, e.g. Bhadrak, Odisha, 30-40 individuals were found hibernating together in the cob walls in human habitations (Mohalik pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
It is a diurnal species that is only exceptionally observed active during the night and known for its defensive and pugnacious behaviour. If threatened or captured it erects itself, flattens the forebody and furiously attacks when further provoked which one can confuse with a cobra (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="101 - 129" refId="B390" refString="Wall, F, 1907. Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 18 (1): 101 - 129" title="Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad." volume="18" year="1907">Wall 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Cottle, Government Printer, Colombo" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B394" refString="Wall, F, 1921. Ophidia Taprobanica or the snakes of Ceylon. H. R. Cottle, Government Printer, Colombo" title="Ophidia Taprobanica or the snakes of Ceylon. H. R." year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its antipredator mechanism was summarized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Green, HW" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Volume 16, Ecology B, Defense and life history. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 152" refId="B157" refString="Green, HW, 1988. Antipredator Mechanism in Reptiles. In: Gans, C, Huey, RB, Eds., Biology of the reptilia. Volume 16, Ecology B, Defense and life history. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York: 1 - 152" title="Antipredator Mechanism in Reptiles." volumeTitle="Biology of the reptilia." year="1988">Green (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as follows: (1) dorsoventral body compression, (2) dorsoventral neck compression, (3) lifting of head and neck, (4) S-coil striking posture, (5) lunging and striking, and (6) bite. One female caught while crossing a road immediately defecated and started attempting to bite. In other instances, individuals were observed climbing electric cables and visiting switch boxes, possibly looking for hiding geckos (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemidactylus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Hemidactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
The Banded racer is an active hunter that usually kills its prey by constriction or body pressure. Its prey consists of small mammals like rats, mice, shrews and bats, but also frogs, lizards, birds, worms, and for juveniles insects are part of the food spectrum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B80" refString="Daniel, JC, 1989. The book of Indian reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" title="The book of Indian reptiles." year="1989">Daniel 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B81" refString="Daniel, JC, 2002. The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii +238 pp." title="The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii + 238 pp." year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharma, BD" editor="Sharma, BD" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="40 - 47" refId="B323" refString="Sharma, BD, 1999a. Snakes and human ecosystem. In: Sharma, BD, Kumari, T, Eds., Snakes in India: a source book. Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi: 40 - 47" title="Snakes and human ecosystem." volumeTitle="Snakes in India: a source book." year="1999 a">Sharma 1999a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Ltd., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B94" refString="Das, I, De Silva, A, 2005. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ." year="2005">Das and de Silva 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Satish" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Areas 7, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B305" refString="Satish, 2008. Snakes of Coorg. A field guide to the snakes of Kodagu. Coorg Wildlife Society, Madikeri, xii+143+(1) pp. [bilingual English/Kannada]." title="Snakes of Coorg. A field guide to the snakes of Kodagu. Coorg Wildlife Society, Madikeri, xii + 143 + (1) pp. [bilingual English / Kannada]." year="2008">Satish 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitaker, R" journalOrPublisher="National Book Trust, India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B409" refString="Whitaker, R, Captain, A, 2004. Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." title="Snakes of India. The field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, xiv + 480 pp. [abridged version in Tamil published in 2006]." year="2004">Whitaker and Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Mating of the Banded racer was observed between late winter and mid-monsoon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dileepkumar, R" journalOrPublisher="Reptile Rap" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B113" refString="Dileepkumar, R, Sharma, VR, Oommen, OV, Laladhas, KP, Krishnan, AS, Kumar, AV, 2016. Handbook on snakes of Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram, (12)+1-32+1-8+203+(1) pp." title="Handbook on snakes of Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram, (12) + 1 - 32 + 1 - 8 + 203 + (1) pp." year="2016">Dileepkumar et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The reproduction is oviparous with clutch sizes between 2 and 23 eggs and egg sizes between 26.8-34.7 mm length and 16.5-22.4 mm width, laid between January and September (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="227 - 231" refId="B378" refString="Vyas, R, 1987. A list of the snakes of the Bhavnagar District, Gujarat State. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84 (1): 227 - 231" title="A list of the snakes of the Bhavnagar District, Gujarat State." volume="84" year="1987">Vyas 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Indian Herpetological Society, Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B201" refString="Khaire, N, 1996. Indian Snakes. Indian Herpetological Society, Pune" title="Indian Snakes." year="1996">Khaire 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Indian Herpetological Society ' USANT', Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B202" refString="Khaire, N, 2008. A guide to the snakes of Maharashtra Goa & Karnataka. Indian Herpetological Society 'USANT', Pune" title="A guide to the snakes of Maharashtra Goa & Karnataka." year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Indian Herpetological Society ' USANT', Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B203" refString="Khaire, N, 2010. Snakes. M. L. Paranjape & J. Prakashan Publ., Pune, 103+(1) pp. (third reprint 2013), [in Maharati]." title="Snakes. M. L. Paranjape & J. Prakashan Publ., Pune, 103 + (1) pp. (third reprint 2013), [in Maharati]." year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khaire, N" journalOrPublisher="Jyotsna Prakashan, Pune" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B204" refString="Khaire, N, 2014. Indian snakes. A field guide. Jyotsna Prakashan, Pune" title="Indian snakes. A field guide." year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publ., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B89" refString="Das, I, 2002. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publ., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India." year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I" journalOrPublisher="Ltd., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B94" refString="Das, I, De Silva, A, 2005. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London" title="A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publ." year="2005">Das and de Silva 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Satish" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Areas 7, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B305" refString="Satish, 2008. Snakes of Coorg. A field guide to the snakes of Kodagu. Coorg Wildlife Society, Madikeri, xii+143+(1) pp. [bilingual English/Kannada]." title="Snakes of Coorg. A field guide to the snakes of Kodagu. Coorg Wildlife Society, Madikeri, xii + 143 + (1) pp. [bilingual English / Kannada]." year="2008">Satish 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingle, P" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="134 - 137" refId="B185" refString="Ingle, P, Bali, S, Khandagale, J, 2014. Preliminary Survey of Snake Diversity from Malegaon Tehsil of Washim District. World Journal of Zoology 9 (2): 134 - 137" title="Preliminary Survey of Snake Diversity from Malegaon Tehsil of Washim District." volume="9" year="2014">Ingle et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tambre, GN" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="105 - 115" refId="B360" refString="Tambre, GN, Chavan, SP, 2016. Snake Species Diversity of Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra State, India. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review 4 (6): 105 - 115" title="Snake Species Diversity of Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra State, India." volume="4" year="2016">Tambre and Chavan 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Parsar 2018;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Patel, H" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="148 - 149" refId="B280" refString="Patel, H, Vyas, R, Ramani, D, 2019b. Argyrogena fasciolata (Banded Racer). Reproduction / Clutch size. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 148 - 149" title="Argyrogena fasciolata (Banded Racer). Reproduction / Clutch size." volume="50" year="2019 b">Patel et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hatchlings have been observed in May (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Abreu">D'Abreu</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B393" refString="Wall, F., 1914. A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(1): 34-43, pl. 22." title="A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes, Part xxii. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 (1): 34 - 43, pl. 22." year="1914">Wall 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B80" refString="Daniel, JC, 1989. The book of Indian reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" title="The book of Indian reptiles." year="1989">Daniel 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniel, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B81" refString="Daniel, JC, 2002. The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii +238 pp." title="The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford Univiversity Press, Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, vii + 238 pp." year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Manhas (2015a) observed the Banded racer as roadkill during monsoon in Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh state and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mohalik, RK" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="150 - 151" refId="B253" refString="Mohalik, RK, Sahu, SB, Arif, M, Kar, NB, 2019. Bungarus caeruleus (Common Krait). Colouration and diet. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 150 - 151" title="Bungarus caeruleus (Common Krait). Colouration and diet." volume="50" year="2019">Mohalik et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the predation of this species by a leucistic Krait,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus caeruleus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Bungarus caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Patharakali area of the Bhadrak district in Odisha state of India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
|
||
For Pakistani specimens,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Minton, SA [jr]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B250" refString="Minton, SA [jr], 1966. A contribution of the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 134(2): 27-184, pl. 9-36." title="A contribution of the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 134 (2): 27 - 184, pl. 9 - 36." year="1966">Minton (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, LD" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B414" refString="Wilson, LD, 1967. Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23(4): 260-275." title="Generic reallocation and review of Coluber fasciolatus Shaw (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 23 (4): 260 - 275." year="1967">Wilson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed semifossorial behaviour and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B213" refString="Khan, MS, 2002. Die Schlangen Pakistans. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Die Schlangen Pakistans." year="2002">Khan (2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Asiatic Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B215" refString="Khan, MS, 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi+311 pp." title="Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, xvi + 311 pp." year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported that reproduction in Banded racer occurs twice a year, during the months April to May and August to September, with clutch sizes from 23 to 30 eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |