450 lines
56 KiB
XML
450 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="4F97620C38087F6FFB6133DDDBFF9F64" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F30E1F0F67B4BD4F8C2AABEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius pusillus Germar 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="90679F61D83D23A4BECBE1D9CC074720">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C0199B0190C9EB3D2F250DD961B1C635" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F4F727549C6828C2DCCE016C7FFD4DA5">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95EB8F019AE00AC59F47BBBC373C1AC8">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5F074E183DE2DC80A38CF982E498D790">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="03C3C12B7A051D976F1BE4F6D50AC854">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="53AFF0A7204680F9E19344BF65223EEC">
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<mods:date id="C97542883A17DB57B3C29E13F4A42C16">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7F99453B509B16CF6A89FB66BDA5DC27">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6AED815324EE98128E4C5DF284335DAB">3839</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7A8A9D1DBC5A62B12127B2B22677A23B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F30E1F0F67B4BD4F8C2AABEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5110079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5110079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30E1F0F67B4BD4F8C2AABEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F30E1F0F67B4BD4F8C2AABEF" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30E1F0E67B4BD4F8971ABC0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67B4BD4F8A42AB0C" blockId="22.[151,618,1869,1895]" box="[151,618,1869,1895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="750581E8F30E1F0E67B4BD4F8A42AB0C" bold="true" box="[151,618,1869,1895]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30E1F0E67B4BD4F8A42AB0C" ID-CoL="59S7P" authority="Germar, 1842" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,618,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67B4BD4F8A42AB0C" bold="true" box="[151,618,1869,1895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67B4BD4F88DFAB0C" bold="true" box="[151,247,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E667ABD4F899FAB0C" bold="true" box="[345,439,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pusillus</emphasis>
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Germar, 1842
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67B4BD978971ABC0" blockId="22.[151,345,1941,1963]" box="[151,345,1941,1963]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30E1F0E67B4BD97897DABC0" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,341,1941,1963]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 191</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30E1F0F67B4BDDF8B42ACBE" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0F67B4BDDF8B42ACBE" blockId="22.[151,1436,2013,2038]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67B4BDDF89AEAB9D" bold="true" box="[151,390,2013,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30E1F0E66B1BDDF8A28AB9D" box="[402,512,2013,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="larva">29 larvae</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30E1F0E6597BDDF8B9BAB9E" box="[692,947,2013,2038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resupinatum">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6597BDDF8B9BAB9E" box="[692,947,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trifolium resupinatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F30E1F0E6375BDDF8CECAB9D" box="[1110,1220,2013,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1979-05-28">28.v.1979</date>
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at Posada, Nuoro
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F30F1F0F67B4BA958B4EACBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411306" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" location="Sardinia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-pupa="6" stateProvince="Sardegna">
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province,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F30F1F0F662ABA95894EACDB" box="[265,358,151,176]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30F1F0F6654BA958987ACDB" box="[375,431,151,176]" name="Italy" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F30F1F0F66D5BA9A8A24ACC4" box="[502,524,152,175]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">R</collectionCode>
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. Caldara, and
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30F1F0F6592BA958B23ACC4" box="[689,779,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="pupa">6 pupae</specimenCount>
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reared from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30F1F0F67E4BADD8A85AC93" box="[199,685,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BADD8A85AC93" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" box="[199,685,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67E4BADD89E5AC93" bold="true" box="[199,461,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30F1F0F6527BADD8A49AC93" box="[516,609,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30F1F0F65BBBADD8A80AC93" box="[664,680,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30F1F0F67E4BB068C62AA9F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BB06896AAD2B" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67E4BB068A0FAD76" bold="true" box="[199,551,260,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments white to whitish yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BB4E89C5AE23" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F30F1F0F6430BB4E8B93AD08" box="[787,955,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.235" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.30 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30F1F0F64DCBB4E8C75AD0E" box="[1023,1117,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, exceeding middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F66EABB7389D5ADE7" box="[457,509,369,396]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F66D6BB7C89D5ADE7" attach="left" box="[501,509,382,396]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicranium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6327BB6D8C19ADE7" box="[1028,1073,367,396]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
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des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F630ABB7C8C19ADE7" attach="left" box="[1065,1073,382,396]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located very near frontal suture, near
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67F3BB9488D5ADD8" box="[208,253,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
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des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F67D6BBA788D5ADD8" attach="left" box="[245,253,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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||
;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F662DBB948913ADD8" box="[270,315,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6610BBA78913ADD8" attach="left" box="[307,315,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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absent;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F66BEBB9489E2ADD8" box="[413,458,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F66E1BBA789E2ADD8" attach="left" box="[450,458,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located anterolaterally;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F65FCBB948B25ADD8" box="[735,781,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6426BBA78B25ADD8" attach="left" box="[773,781,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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4 times shorter than
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6320BB948C18ADD8" box="[1027,1072,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
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des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F630BBBA78C18ADD8" attach="left" box="[1064,1072,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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||
and
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6348BB948CB0ADD8" box="[1131,1176,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F63B3BBA78CB0ADD8" attach="left" box="[1168,1176,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F638ABB948D26ADC4" box="[1193,1294,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 190</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6200BB9A8D6FADD8" box="[1315,1351,408,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F621CBBA78D6FADD8" attach="left" box="[1343,1351,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F62A1BB948DB4ADD8" box="[1410,1436,406,435]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F62B7BBA78DB4ADD8" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located along frontal suture;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F66C8BBBF8A2EADB1" box="[491,518,445,474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F66DDBBCE8A2EADB1" attach="left" box="[510,518,460,474]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F654FBBBF8AAFADB1" box="[620,647,445,474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F655CBBCE8AAFADB1" attach="left" box="[639,647,460,474]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F635BBBBF8CBAADB1" box="[1144,1170,445,474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F63A9BBCE8CBAADB1" attach="left" box="[1162,1170,460,474]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 5 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6566BBE68A48AE6A" box="[581,608,484,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F657BBBF18A48AE6A" attach="left" box="[600,608,499,513]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F65BBBBE68A9BAE6A" box="[664,691,484,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6588BBF18A9BAE6A" attach="left" box="[683,691,499,513]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and 2 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64EFBBE68BCFAE6A" box="[972,999,484,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F64FCBBF18BCFAE6A" attach="left" box="[991,999,499,513]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F64D4BBE68C72AD96" box="[1015,1114,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 190</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F634DBBE78CBDAD97" box="[1134,1173,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F624BBBE68DBDAE6A" box="[1384,1429,484,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F62AEBBF18DBDAE6A" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,499,513]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67B4B80E8894AE48" box="[151,188,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Post-epicranial area without seta. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 finger-like, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F665DB82D89C8AE23" box="[382,480,559,584]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 193</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4B8518CE3AFDE" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6610B85189BEAE07" box="[307,406,595,620]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 194</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 2.4 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64B7B8518BEAAE1B" box="[916,962,595,624]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6499B8608BEAAE1B" attach="left" box="[954,962,610,624]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6399B8518CC1AE1B" box="[1210,1257,595,624]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F63C2B8608CC1AE1B" attach="left" box="[1249,1257,610,624]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F63D9B8518D01AE1B" box="[1274,1321,595,624]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6202B8608D01AE1B" attach="left" box="[1313,1321,610,624]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F663FB8788963AEFD" box="[284,331,634,662]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6660B88A8963AEFD" attach="left" box="[323,331,648,662]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin doubly sinuate. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6408B8788BA2AEF8" box="[811,906,634,659]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 194</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2.5 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67F5B8A288DDAED2" box="[214,245,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F67BCB8C688D7AEB6" box="[159,255,708,733]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 195</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F669FB8C689F5AEB6" box="[444,477,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length; with 2 pairs of short and triangular
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F63A9B8C78C9FAEB7" box="[1162,1207,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ams</emphasis>
|
||
; with 2 long fingerlike and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F666AB8EB895DAF6B" box="[329,373,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively long, elongate, converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F638AB8EA8D20AF6A" box="[1193,1288,744,769]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 192</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67B4B90E88ECAF4E" box="[151,196,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F652EB90E8A46AF4E" box="[525,622,780,805]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 191</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6437B90F8B68AF4F" box="[788,832,781,804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64B3B90E8B99AF4E" box="[912,945,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length; mala with 3 slightly curved
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67B4B93288ECAF22" box="[151,196,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6526B9338A19AF23" box="[517,561,817,840]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.25; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6421B9578B14AF07" box="[770,828,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F66C9B97A8A61AFFA" box="[490,585,888,913]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 191</figureCitation>
|
||
) triangular, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F643DB97B8B7EAFFB" box="[798,854,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly rounded, ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6255B97A8DBCAFFA" box="[1398,1428,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite feebly visible. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6584B99E8B2EAFDE" box="[679,774,924,949]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–195" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[194,1381,246,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-127@77.[181,1405,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 190–195. Tychius pusillus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 190—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 191—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 192—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 193—antenna; 194—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 195—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927822/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 191</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F649CB99F8BC4AFDF" box="[959,1004,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4B9C38A1FA84A" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30F1F0F6550B9C28AD1AFB3" box="[627,761,960,985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30F1F0F6410B9C28BA3AFB2" box="[819,907,960,985]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), elongate. Abdominal segments I–V almost of equal length, slightly larger than abdominal segments VI and VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F645EB9E68BF7AF96" box="[893,991,996,1021]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 196</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BE2E8B81A92B" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae moderately long or short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F63ABBE2E8CC0A82E" bold="true" box="[1160,1256,1068,1093]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F624DBE2E88EAA802" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 197</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 7
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6607BE538963A803" box="[292,331,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, 6 macro- and 1 microsetae; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6456BE538BA6A803" box="[885,910,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6344BE538CA4A803" box="[1127,1164,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F67BCBE768928A8E6" box="[159,256,1140,1165]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 197</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6642BE7789ADA8E7" box="[353,389,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6688BE7689FAA8E6" box="[427,466,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; alar area with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F649BBE778BF9A8E7" box="[952,977,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6314BE778C65A8E7" box="[1079,1101,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6357BE778CB1A8E7" box="[1140,1177,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F639CBE778CF0A8E7" box="[1215,1240,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F624CBE778DBCA8E7" box="[1391,1428,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F645DBE9A8B80A8DA" box="[894,936,1176,1201]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length (long, moderately long, short).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67C4BEBE894BA8BE" bold="true" box="[231,355,1212,1237]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6592BEBE8B39A8BE" box="[689,785,1212,1237]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 198</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6451BEBF8BBEA8BF" box="[882,918,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F649FBEBE8BCBA8BE" box="[956,995,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pds</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F63FEBEBF8CDBA8BF" box="[1245,1267,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F623ABEBF8D16A8BF" box="[1305,1342,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6246BEBF8D56A8BF" box="[1381,1406,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67B4BEE28894A892" box="[151,188,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6679BEE38957A893" box="[346,383,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F65E1BEE28B0DA892" box="[706,805,1248,1273]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 199</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64A9BEE28B99A892" box="[906,945,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64F8BEE38BD9A893" box="[987,1009,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6338BEE38C68A893" box="[1051,1088,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6349BEE38CABA893" box="[1130,1155,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F638FBEE28CF9A892" box="[1196,1233,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F624CBEE38DBCA893" box="[1391,1428,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6692BF068A3AA976" box="[433,530,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 199</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6557BF068AA5A976" box="[628,653,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64A9BF078B8BA977" box="[906,931,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F64D9BF078C3FA977" box="[1018,1047,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sts</emphasis>
|
||
of different length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F66BFBF2A89D3A92A" box="[412,507,1320,1345]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[193,1406,254,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-87@78.[151,1436,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Tychius pusillus mature larva habitus: 196—lateral view, 197—lateral view of thoracic segments, 198—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 199—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927824/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 199</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BF4E8B7CA90E" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" box="[199,852,1356,1381]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67E4BF4E8992A90E" bold="true" box="[199,442,1356,1381]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body whitish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BF738C41A9C6" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6659BF728A09A9E2" box="[378,545,1392,1417]" captionStart="FIGURES 200–202" captionStartId="79.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[178,1370,228,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-61@79.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 200–202. Tychius pusillus pupa habitus: 200—ventral view, 201—dorsal view, 202—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927828/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 200–202</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30F1F0F65E5BF728B78A9E3" box="[710,848,1392,1417]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30F1F0F64C3BF728C40A9E3" box="[992,1128,1392,1417]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30F1F0F6387BF728CD6A9E2" box="[1188,1278,1392,1417]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body rather stocky. Rostrum long, almost reaching metacoxae. Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BFBA8B2DAAC7" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30F1F0F6656BFBA8A36A9BA" box="[373,542,1464,1489]" captionStart="FIGURES 200–202" captionStartId="79.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[178,1370,228,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-61@79.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 200–202. Tychius pusillus pupa habitus: 200—ventral view, 201—dorsal view, 202—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927828/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 200–202</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, moderately long, or short, unequal in length, light yellow; on pronotum and head placed on conical protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6303BFDF8C1FA99F" box="[1056,1079,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F637EBFDF8C5EA99F" box="[1117,1142,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">os</emphasis>
|
||
of different length, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67B4BC038896AA73" box="[151,190,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F665DBC0389BCAA73" box="[382,404,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">rs</emphasis>
|
||
located medially.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F657CBC038A53AA73" box="[607,635,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6593BC038AF9AA76" box="[688,721,1537,1565]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
os
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F65EABC0D8AF9AA76" attach="left" box="[713,721,1551,1565]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F623BBC038D11AA76" box="[1304,1337,1537,1565]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
os
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30F1F0F6212BC0D8D11AA76" attach="left" box="[1329,1337,1551,1565]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6265BC038D45AA73" box="[1350,1389,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pas</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67B4BC2A8885AA54" box="[151,173,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">rs</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F66A5BC2A89B7AA54" box="[390,415,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F66E5BC2589F1AA2B" box="[454,473,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6523BC258A31AA2B" box="[512,537,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6551BC258ABBAA2B" box="[626,659,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6580BC258A94AA2B" box="[675,700,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ds</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly smaller than other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 2 setae. Each apex of femora without seta. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberance. Pseudocerci very short, in size as protuberances of other setae, slightly curved outside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BCB58C62AA9F" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67E4BCB589F5AABB" bold="true" box="[199,477,1719,1744]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Biological observations</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupae were found in the cells 9 days later the entrance of larvae into the soil. The duration of the pupal stage was 8 days. Adults emerged at the surface 2–3 days later.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30F1F0F67E4BCFD8C2AABEF" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30F1F0F67E4BCFD8C2AABEF" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F67E4BCFD8913AB73" bold="true" box="[199,315,1791,1816]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The same pods parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30F1F0F65BDBD028B3AAB73" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1842" box="[670,786,1791,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F65BDBD028B3AAB73" box="[670,786,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were less intensively parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30F1F0F6394BD028D62AB73" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1207,1354,1791,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Apion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifolii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6394BD028D62AB73" box="[1207,1354,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Apion trifolii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the same field also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30F1F0F666DBD2689E2AB57" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1874" box="[334,458,1827,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decretus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F666DBD2689E2AB57" box="[334,458,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. decretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30F1F0F65BEBD218BB2AB50" box="[669,922,1827,1852]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resupinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F65BEBD218BB2AB50" box="[669,922,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Trifolium resupinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30F1F0F6488BD218C49AB57" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1842" box="[939,1121,1827,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30F1F0F6488BD218C49AB57" box="[939,1121,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tychius pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from central and southern Europe and northwestern Africa. It is noteworthy that in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F30F1F0F64A5BD458BCBAB0B" box="[902,995,1863,1888]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
|
||
the specimens of this species have the elytral integument almost completely reddish instead of black (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30F1F0F647ABD698BDEABEF" author="Caldara, R." box="[857,1014,1899,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |