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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena &amp; Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="449B3905CEB558B492A71847091A9897" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Holascus stet. CCZ _ 078" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1658253014331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden &amp; Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Amon, Diva J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Durden, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eleaume, Marc P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Collections &amp; Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hosie, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>McQuaid, Kirsty</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simon-Lledo, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Craig R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-07-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1113</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:449B3905CEB558B492A71847091A9897" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/449B3905CEB558B492A71847091A9897" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="449B3905-CEB5-58B4-92A7-1847091A9897" authority="stet. CCZ _ 078" authorityName="stet. CCZ _ 078" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Holascus stet. CCZ_078</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Holascus stet. CCZ _ 078 A in situ image B lateral view of specimen before preservation C top view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="ON400700, ON406636, ON406613, ON406599, ON411256" collectingDate="2018-05-28" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank" elevation="48745" latitude="5.0443" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-141.8162" specimenCount="1">
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 7;
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.0443" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="5.0443">5.0443°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.8162" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-141.8162">141.8162°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.874499999999999" unit="m" value="48745.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.874499999999999" unit="m" value="48745.0">48745 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep;
<collectingDate value="2018-05-28">28 May. 2018</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
:
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400700">ON400700</accessionNumber>
(COI),
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406636">ON406636</accessionNumber>
(18S),
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406613">ON406613</accessionNumber>
(16S),
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406599">ON406599</accessionNumber>
(28S),
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON411256">ON411256</accessionNumber>
(ALG11); NHMUK 2022.7; CCZ_078
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Single specimen; lophophytous white sponge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Holascus stet. CCZ _ 078 A in situ image B lateral view of specimen before preservation C top view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">59A</figureCitation>
). Band-like body, collar formed from thin wall with two large openings, with lower opening being larger than upper opening (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Holascus stet. CCZ _ 078 A in situ image B lateral view of specimen before preservation C top view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">59B, C</figureCitation>
). Body height of 4.8 cm, lower body diameter of 15.1 cm, and upper body diameter of 11.8 cm. basalia almost as long as the body height, protruding from the lower margin and anchoring it to the sediment (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Holascus stet. CCZ _ 078 A in situ image B lateral view of specimen before preservation C top view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">59A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stet. CCZ_078
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
in situ image
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral view of specimen before preservation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
top view. Scale bars: 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Morphological external characters are concordant with the description of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kersken, Janussen &amp; Martinez Arbizu" authorityYear="2019" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus spinosus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holascus spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kersken, Janussen &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
Arbizu, 2019, which was described from the IOM area in the CCZ. The closest genetic matches on GenBank for the 16S correspond to species within the genus
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2.1-3.5% genetic divergence), with the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kersken, Janussen &amp; Martinez Arbizu" authorityYear="2019" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus spinosus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holascus spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being the closest match (2.1% genetic divergence). There are no 18S sequences available for
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. spinosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is 0.23% divergent from another species within the genus,
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. euonyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="euonyx">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. euonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lendenfeld, 1915), from which it differs morphologically. In the phylogenetic tree it was recovered, with low support, as sister to
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. spinosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Phylogenetic tree of Hexactinellida. Concatenated (16 S, 18 S, 28 S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP&gt; 0.70 and BS&gt; 50 are shown, with values of PP&gt; 0.95 and BS&gt; 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716380" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54</figureCitation>
), but 16S genetic divergence suggested these to be separate species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This specimen was found anchored to abyssal sediments of APEI 7 at 4874 m depth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A very similar
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. morphotype (i.e.,
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Holascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holascus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet., HEX_014) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolosominae">Bolosominae</taxonomicName>
Tabachnick, 2002
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolosominae">Bolosominae</taxonomicName>
stet. CCZ_198
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Bolosominae stet. CCZ _ 198 A, C in situ images B specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</emphasis>
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1;
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.2518" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.2518">11.2518°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="153.6053" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-153.6053">153.6053°W</geoCoordinate>
; 5205 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400728 (COI), ON406637 (18S), ON406614 (16S), ON406600 (28S); NHMUK 2022.10; Voucher code: CCZ_198.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</emphasis>
Single specimen; lophophytous white sponge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Bolosominae stet. CCZ _ 198 A, C in situ images B specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60A, B</figureCitation>
). Body is cup- to bell-shaped, slightly wider than long (L = 10 cm, W = 11 cm), with a long, slender stalk (L = 70 cm) anchored to soft sediment. Central osculum with thick body walls.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 60" startId="F60">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 60.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolosominae">Bolosominae</taxonomicName>
stet. CCZ_198
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
in situ images
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 5 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
The closest match with the 18S sequence is the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Hyalostylus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyalostylus microfloricomus" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microfloricomus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hyalostylus microfloricomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kersken, Janussen &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
Arbizu, 2019 (99.8%), described from the Heip Mountains in the GSR contract area in the CCZ at 3788 m depth (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0880-y" author="Kersken, D" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="947 - 987" refId="B55" refString="Kersken, D, Janussen, D, Arbizu, PM, 2019. Deep-sea glass sponges (Hexactinellida) from polymetallic nodule fields in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), northeastern Pacific: Part II- Hexasterophora. Marine Biodiversity 49 (2): 947 - 987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0880-y" title="Deep-sea glass sponges (Hexactinellida) from polymetallic nodule fields in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), northeastern Pacific: Part II- Hexasterophora." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0880-y" volume="49" year="2019">Kersken et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). However, in the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Phylogenetic tree of Hexactinellida. Concatenated (16 S, 18 S, 28 S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP&gt; 0.70 and BS&gt; 50 are shown, with values of PP&gt; 0.95 and BS&gt; 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716380" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54</figureCitation>
) it was recovered in a well-supported clade representing the subfamily
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolosominae">Bolosominae</taxonomicName>
, but subclades were not well supported and hence the specimen is not attributed to any genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
This specimen was collected on abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5205 m depth, and was anchored to the sediment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</emphasis>
A very similar stalked sponge morphotype (i.e.,
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellidae" family="Hexactinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hexactinellidae</taxonomicName>
ord. indet., HEX_026) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted at the eastern CCZ, but not in abyssal areas of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kiribati’s">Kiribati's</normalizedToken>
EEZ. In seabed images, HEX_026 highly resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) campanula" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="campanula" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) campanula</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1915, as identified by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0880-y" author="Kersken, D" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="947 - 987" refId="B55" refString="Kersken, D, Janussen, D, Arbizu, PM, 2019. Deep-sea glass sponges (Hexactinellida) from polymetallic nodule fields in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), northeastern Pacific: Part II- Hexasterophora. Marine Biodiversity 49 (2): 947 - 987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0880-y" title="Deep-sea glass sponges (Hexactinellida) from polymetallic nodule fields in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), northeastern Pacific: Part II- Hexasterophora." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0880-y" volume="49" year="2019">Kersken et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
based on morphological traits observed in specimens encountered in the eastern CCZ.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Order
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Sceptrulophora</taxonomicName>
Mehl, 1992
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Family
<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Euretidae</taxonomicName>
Zittel, 1877
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schrammen" authorityYear="1912" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chonelasmatinae">Chonelasmatinae</taxonomicName>
Schrammen, 1912
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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