321 lines
45 KiB
XML
321 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D3239C749989B806443BE7641820E7CF">Stylasterids (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Mar del Plata submarine canyon and adjacent area (southwestern Atlantic), with a key to the species off Argentina</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="740F6BEC3C74F0EF7AD767B1E4F6400A">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution- 10 th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington DC, 20560 USA cairnss @ si. edu; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7209 - 9271</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF0441A933A6FF31" bold="true" box="[151,403,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Errinopsis reticulum</emphasis>
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(
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;
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<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFE9E41853369FF56" box="[269,348,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF04403E335CFE9B" box="[151,361,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Errinopsis reticulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFEE3403E3074FE9B" author="Broch, H." box="[368,577,255,280]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref29597" refString="Broch, H. (1951 a) Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals) from the Southern Seas. Discovery reports, 26, 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16334." type="journal article" year="1951">Broch 1951a: 37–41</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, text figs. 3–7;
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFC6D403E36F5FE94" author="Boschma, H." box="[1022,1216,255,280]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref29381" refString="Boschma, H. (1957) List of the described species of the order Stylasterina. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 33, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1957">Boschma 1957: 59</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="97670273495BBA2AFB58403E37ADFE9B" author="Boschma, H." box="[1227,1432,255,280]" page="117" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFB58403E37ADFE9B" author="Boschma, H." box="[1227,1432,255,280]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="109 - 120" refId="ref29487" refString="Boschma, H. (1966) Stylasterina. Reports of BANZ Antarctic Research Expedition, B 9 (2), 109 - 120." type="journal article" year="1966">Boschma 1966: 117</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="97670273495BBA2AFF54402133BDFEB5" author="Lowe, T. P." box="[199,392,286,310]" page="93" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFF54402133BDFEB5" author="Lowe, T. P." box="[199,392,286,310]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30946" refString="Lowe, T. P. (1967) A comparative study of stony hydroids, order Stylasterina, of southern South America and adjacent Antarctic regions. MS thesis, George Washington University, USA, vi + 116 pp." type="book" year="1967">Lowe 1967: 93–95</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 8, fig. a, text figs 14a–c;
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<treatmentCitation id="97670273495BBA2AFD3F402031F1FEB5" author="Boschma, H. & Lowe, T. P." box="[684,964,286,310]" page="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFD3F402031F1FEB5" author="Boschma, H. & Lowe, T. P." box="[684,964,286,310]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="14 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="Boschma, H. & Lowe, T. P. (1969) Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35 ° S latitude: Stylasterina. Antarctic Map Folio Ser. American Geographical Society, New York, 11, 14 - 15." type="journal article" year="1969">Boschma & Lowe 1969: 15</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5, map 4;
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<treatmentCitation id="97670273495BBA2AFBC140203712FEB5" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1106,1319,286,310]" page="78" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFBC140203712FEB5" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1106,1319,286,310]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns 1983a: 78–80</bibRefCitation>
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, figs.
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–h, 9a–h, map 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFEC040033024FED6" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[339,529,317,341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="427 - 508" refId="ref29714" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 b) A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33 (2), 427 - 508." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns 1983b: 428</bibRefCitation>
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, 457–458, figs. 10a–h, 502, fig. 27c; Cairns & Macintryre 1992: 98, table 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFAB04003335CFEF7" author="Rio Iglesias, J. L. & Acosta & Yepes J. & Cristobo Rodriguez, J. & Martinez Portela, J. & Parra Descalzo, S. & Tel E. & Vinas Dieguez, L. & Munoz Recio, A. & Vilela Perez, R. & Jimenez, E. E. & Ibarrola, T. P. & Rios Lopez, P. & Almon Pazos, B. & Blanco Perez, R. & Murillo Perez, J. & Polonio Povedano, V. & Fernandez Feijoo, J. & Cabanas, J. M. & Gago Pineiro, J. M. & Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G. & Cabrero Rodriguez, A. & Besada Montenegro, M. V. & Schultze Prado, F. & Franco Hernandez, A. & Bargiela Barros, J. & Garcia Blanco, X." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32029" refString="Rio Iglesias, J. L., Acosta, Yepes J., Cristobo Rodriguez, J., Martinez Portela, J., Parra Descalzo, S., Tel E., Vinas Dieguez, L., Munoz Recio, A., Vilela Perez, R., Jimenez, E. E., Ibarrola, T. P., Rios Lopez, P., Almon Pazos, B., Blanco Perez, R., Murillo Perez, J., Polonio Povedano, V., Fernandez Feijoo, J., Cabanas, J. M., Gago Pineiro, J. M., Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G., Cabrero Rodriguez, A., Besada Montenegro, M. V., Schultze Prado, F., Franco Hernandez, A., Bargiela Barros, J. & Garcia Blanco, X. (2012) Estudio de los ecosistemas marinos vulnerables en aguas internacionales del Atlantico sudoccidental. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. Temas de Oceanografia 6, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 283 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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Río Iglesias
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<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF54406232C1FEF7" box="[199,244,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012: 191
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="97670273495BBA2AFEE7406230AAFEF7" author="Bax, N. & Cairns, S. D." box="[372,671,348,372]" page="108" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFEE7406230AAFEF7" author="Bax, N. & Cairns, S. D." box="[372,671,348,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref29073" refString="Bax, N. & Cairns, S. D. (2014) Chapter 5.7. Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). In: De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H. J., Raymond, B., Udekem d'Acoz, C. d', Van de Putte, A. P., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y. (Eds.), Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 107 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2014">Bax & Cairns 2014: 108–110</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, table 1, map 6
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E9495BBA2AFF04409F30EAFE63" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF04409F30EAFE63" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF04409F3304FE38" bold="true" box="[151,305,417,443]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Patagonia,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFE2B409C33CCFE3F" box="[440,505,418,444]" degrees="42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55555" value="-42.0">42° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFDB2409C3056FE3F" box="[545,611,418,444]" degrees="48" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55555" value="-48.0">48° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; area between Tierra del Fuego, Burdwood Bank and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F2495BBA2AFB47409C3709FE3F" box="[1236,1340,418,444]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Malvinas</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands,
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFF0440F8332CFE63" box="[151,281,454,481]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1049999999999995" metricValueMax="7.709999999999999" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="510.5" valueMax="771.0" valueMin="250.0">
|
||
250–
|
||
<specimenCount id="00C0EFEB495BBA2AFF4240F8332CFE63" box="[209,281,454,481]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">771 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFEB740F830EAFE63" bold="true" box="[292,735,453,480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
New record off Mar del Plata,
|
||
<specimenCount id="00C0EFEB495BBA2AFD0340F830EAFE63" box="[656,735,454,480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFD0340F830EFFE63" box="[656,730,454,480]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="854.0">854 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E9495BBA2AFF5440D73770FDAB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF5440D73770FDAB" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF5440D7339AFD80" bold="true" box="[199,431,489,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F495BBA2AFE2640D437A8FD87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649320" box="[437,1437,490,517]" collectingDate="2012-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Burdwood Bank & Lawrence M. Gould St." country="Argentina" elevation="854" latitude="-37.987633" location="Gould St." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6906" municipality="Mar del Plata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="USNM 1099407" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="46608C19495BBA2AFE2640D43058FD87" box="[437,621,490,516]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">USNM 1099407</specimenCode>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectorName id="BB3341B4495BBA2AFD0A40D43167FD87" box="[665,850,490,516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Burdwood Bank</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="BB3341B4495BBA2AFCCF40D53668FD87" box="[860,1117,490,516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFCCF40D5360CFD87" box="[860,1081,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Lawrence M.
|
||
<location id="131972B9495BBA2AFC6040D4360CFD87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F9574495BBA2AFF0441A93700F86F:131972B9495BBA2AFC6040D4360CFD87" box="[1011,1081,490,516]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.987633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6906" municipality="Mar del Plata" name="Gould St." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gould</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
St.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
8 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFBED40D436CEFD87" box="[1150,1275,490,517]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="22.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="92" value="-54.381668">54° 22.9’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFA9440D437A5FD87" box="[1287,1424,490,517]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="53.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="92" value="-61.883335">61° 53.0’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F495BBA2AFF0443303774FDAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649318" box="[151,1345,526,553]" collectingDate="2012-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Burdwood Bank & Lawrence M. Gould St." country="Argentina" elevation="854" latitude="-37.987633" location="Gould St." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6906" municipality="Mar del Plata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="USNM 1099407" specimenCount="1">
|
||
MACN-In 40645 off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE18495BBA2AFE1443303014FDAB" box="[391,545,526,552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mar del Plata</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F2495BBA2AFDB9433030A9FDAB" box="[554,668,526,552]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, St. 11 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFD64433031A6FDAB" box="[759,915,526,553]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="59.258" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-37.987633">37° 59.258’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFC0C43303673FDAB" box="[927,1094,526,553]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="41.436" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-54.6906">54° 41.436’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFBC943303696FDAB" box="[1114,1187,526,553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="854.0">
|
||
<elevation id="9DEBC351495BBA2AFBC943303696FDAB" box="[1114,1187,526,553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="854.0">854 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="627802A2495BBA2AFB3E43303774FDAB" box="[1197,1345,526,552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A495BBA2AFB3E43303774FDAB" box="[1197,1345,526,552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08">August 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E9495BBA2AFF54430F3310FAE7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF54430F37A9FD5F" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF54430F336CFDC8" bold="true" box="[199,345,561,587]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Uniplanar growth. Branch anastomosis frequent and regular, producing fenestrate fans. Two main fans fuse at base, resulting in a basket-shaped colony. Secondary, more fragile fans grow between them, more or less transverse to them. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFE3E4344303AFD16" box="[429,527,634,661]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-26@22.[151,1435,181,1774]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. (a) Terminal fragments of Sporadopora dichotoma. (b) Colony of Errinopsis reticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751303/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Branches rectangular to elliptical in cross section, with larger axis transverse to plane of fan and width relation of up to 1:4 between axis. Thickest branch, measured at base where main fans fuse, is 7.3 x 5.0 mm wide. New branchlets may measure down to 1.0 mm. Fenestrae variable in size and shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFABC43FC37BAFD5F" box="[1327,1423,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF5443D83199FCCB" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Cenosteum compact, grey and eroded, smooth on posterior side of main fans. Coenosteal strips
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFB7E43D83755FC83" box="[1261,1376,742,768]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="74.0" valueMin="36.0">36–74 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide and poorly granular, placed longitudinally along branches where linear slits are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFBE8423436EEFCA7" box="[1147,1243,778,804]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13c</figureCitation>
|
||
). In more eroded parts of colony slits are reduced to pores and strips are poorly defined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF54426C3382FBC7" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Gastropores round,
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFE37426C3072FCEF" box="[420,583,850,876]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.26">0.26–0.46 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (average
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFD61426C316DFCEF" box="[754,856,850,876]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=18, σ=0.05), more or less aligned at anterior and antero-lateral face of branches, mainly at the latter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFD4142483106FC12" box="[722,819,886,913]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gastropore tube short and peripheral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFB794248377EFC12" box="[1258,1355,886,913]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal two-thirds of tube consist of cylindrical chamber rounded at the top, which encompasses almost entire gastrostyle. At level of gastrostyle tip, tube constricts considerably into an upper cylindrical chamber. Gastrostyle in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFAAD428037A9FC5B" box="[1342,1436,958,984]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13b</figureCitation>
|
||
spindle-shaped,
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFEC242DC338DFC7F" box="[337,440,994,1020]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFDB042DC30BFFC7F" box="[547,650,994,1020]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum width (H:W=2.6). Although eroded, vertical ridges of spines are distinguishable. Gastrostyle in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E7495BBA2AFDF9453830F2FBA3" box="[618,711,1030,1056]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-67@23.[151,1435,345,1433]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Errinopsis reticulum. (a) Anastomosis and variably-sized fenestrae. (b) Eroded gastrostyle. (c) Coenosteal texture and raised dactylopores. (d) Gastropores aligned on antero-lateral face of branches. (e) More elongate gastrostyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751305/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13e</figureCitation>
|
||
more elongate, (H:W=2) and bears blunt spines fused with each other in horizontal layers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF54457031B1FB7B" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Dactylopores of
|
||
<specimenCount id="00C0EFEB495BBA2AFE17457033C1FBEB" box="[388,500,1102,1128]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
: those round,
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFD0745703132FBEB" box="[660,775,1102,1128]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide and raised on mounds and those surrounded by a Ushaped spine. They are distributed in all surfaces of branches, although less frequent at posterior side. Only one Ushaped spine, with a dactylotome around
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFDF745A83099FB33" box="[612,684,1174,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide, was identified under a dissecting microscope in a less eroded zone of colony. Anterior and antero-lateral sides of branches bear rounded porous stumps which may be eroded bases of dactylopore spines, approximately as wide as gastropores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF54443C3310FAE7" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Ampullae spherical, total or partially sunken in coenosteum, and up to
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFB80443C3658FA9F" box="[1043,1133,1282,1308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in external diameter. Sex unknown. The silhouette of a scapellid barnacle attached to one of branches was identified, completely covered in coenosteum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E9495BBA2AFF5444533700F86F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="16792462495BBA2AFF5444533700F86F" blockId="21.[151,1437,417,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFF5444533379FA04" bold="true" box="[199,332,1389,1415]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE1495BBA2AFEC444513077FA0B" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1951" box="[343,578,1390,1416]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFEC444513077FA0B" box="[343,578,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Errinopsis reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFC0544503609FA0A" author="Broch, H." box="[918,1084,1390,1417]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref29597" refString="Broch, H. (1951 a) Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals) from the Southern Seas. Discovery reports, 26, 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16334." type="journal article" year="1951">Broch (1951a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on specimens collected off South of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F2495BBA2AFEB844AC33A6FA2F" box="[299,403,1426,1452]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Malvinas</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands at 200 and
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFDE644AC308BFA2F" box="[629,702,1426,1452]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="267.0">267 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. The next records were from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFBCF44AC3730FA2F" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1116,1285,1426,1452]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F2495BBA2AFABE44AC37ADFA2F" box="[1325,1432,1426,1452]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Malvinas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Burdwood Bank and Tierra del Fuego.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFDDD448830C3FA52" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[590,758,1462,1489]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="427 - 508" refId="ref29714" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 b) A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33 (2), 427 - 508." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differs with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFC154488361CFA52" author="Broch, H." box="[902,1065,1462,1489]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref29597" refString="Broch, H. (1951 a) Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals) from the Southern Seas. Discovery reports, 26, 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16334." type="journal article" year="1951">Broch (1951a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the description of dactylopore spines, stating that there are
|
||
<specimenCount id="00C0EFEB495BBA2AFE4944E4307EFA77" box="[474,587,1498,1524]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
: the low, round ones with an apical pore (dactylopores on mounds) and the long, conical spines with a slit on one side, in contrast with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFCA744C031ECF99A" author="Broch, H." box="[820,985,1534,1561]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref29597" refString="Broch, H. (1951 a) Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals) from the Southern Seas. Discovery reports, 26, 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16334." type="journal article" year="1951">Broch (1951a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who states there is no dimorphism, that long spines derive from low ones with an apical pore, and that there are intermediate forms of spine as evidence of this hypothesis. The specimen from off Mar del Plata has both
|
||
<typeStatus id="C97D9AC0495BBA2AFCCD477831ACF9E3" box="[862,921,1606,1632]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of dactylopore and coincides with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE1495BBA2AFAB547793334F907" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1951" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFAB547793334F907" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Errinopsis reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in growth and branching form, pore arrangement, gastrostyle and gastropore tube characteristics and in its robustness. Slitted dactylopore spines were not analyzed since most of them were worn. The specimen differs with material described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFE1F478C3007F94F" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[396,562,1714,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in coenosteum color, which he described as bright orange to pink but is mainly grey or pale orange in the Mar del Plata specimen. Gastropores and dactylopores are wider than those reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFF2E47C4335FF897" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[189,362,1786,1812]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The faded color, larger pore diameter and lack of almost all U-shaped dactylopore spines in specimen from Mar del Plata are probably due to erosion. It was probably already dead when collected, since it was mostly covered by a layer of sponge and material in decay.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFCA4467C367AF8DF" author="Rio Iglesias, J. L. & Acosta & Yepes J. & Cristobo Rodriguez, J. & Martinez Portela, J. & Parra Descalzo, S. & Tel E. & Vinas Dieguez, L. & Munoz Recio, A. & Vilela Perez, R. & Jimenez, E. E. & Ibarrola, T. P. & Rios Lopez, P. & Almon Pazos, B. & Blanco Perez, R. & Murillo Perez, J. & Polonio Povedano, V. & Fernandez Feijoo, J. & Cabanas, J. M. & Gago Pineiro, J. M. & Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G. & Cabrero Rodriguez, A. & Besada Montenegro, M. V. & Schultze Prado, F. & Franco Hernandez, A. & Bargiela Barros, J. & Garcia Blanco, X." box="[823,1103,1858,1884]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32029" refString="Rio Iglesias, J. L., Acosta, Yepes J., Cristobo Rodriguez, J., Martinez Portela, J., Parra Descalzo, S., Tel E., Vinas Dieguez, L., Munoz Recio, A., Vilela Perez, R., Jimenez, E. E., Ibarrola, T. P., Rios Lopez, P., Almon Pazos, B., Blanco Perez, R., Murillo Perez, J., Polonio Povedano, V., Fernandez Feijoo, J., Cabanas, J. M., Gago Pineiro, J. M., Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G., Cabrero Rodriguez, A., Besada Montenegro, M. V., Schultze Prado, F., Franco Hernandez, A., Bargiela Barros, J. & Garcia Blanco, X. (2012) Estudio de los ecosistemas marinos vulnerables en aguas internacionales del Atlantico sudoccidental. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. Temas de Oceanografia 6, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 283 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Río Iglesias
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFC57467D31C3F8DF" box="[964,1014,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a new record of this species since Cairns and Macintryre (1992) based on specimens from Patagonia from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFBC4465836A0F803" box="[1111,1173,1894,1920]" degrees="42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55555" value="-42.0">42° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A5495BBA2AFB2B465836C3F803" box="[1208,1270,1894,1920]" degrees="48" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55555" value="-48.0">48° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
within a depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="D13E8987495BBA2AFF6A46B433B3F827" box="[249,390,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="200.0">200–1500 m</quantity>
|
||
(specific depth not stated).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72575993495BBA2AFD2946B43183F827" author="Bax, N. & Cairns, S. D." box="[698,950,1930,1956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref29073" refString="Bax, N. & Cairns, S. D. (2014) Chapter 5.7. Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). In: De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H. J., Raymond, B., Udekem d'Acoz, C. d', Van de Putte, A. P., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y. (Eds.), Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 107 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2014">Bax and Cairns (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the occurence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE1495BBA2AFB6446B537B5F827" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1951" box="[1271,1408,1930,1956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFB6446B537B5F827" box="[1271,1408,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F2495BBA2AFF044690330CF84B" box="[151,313,1966,1992]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Cape Horn, but hitherto the descriptions and specific locations of these specimens have not been published. This new record off Mar del Plata extends the known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE1495BBA2AFB8046ED36A9F86F" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1951" box="[1043,1180,2002,2028]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B2F870495BBA2AFB8046ED36A9F86F" box="[1043,1180,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within SWA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |