406 lines
58 KiB
XML
406 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="316AAD208626EEE4B5A2ECEC01D9A94F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30271" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cfcf195-6db0-4b59-ac99-4f587276ba77" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1220984" ID-ZooBank="CB847E58-3354-4415-A2FC-C44A0F93F4B5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524142836964" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mendoza, Jorge I. & Francke, Oscar F." docDate="2018" docId="9E0F87D8FFC9FFC7A8A679CAEA6743B3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4407.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4407 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hemirrhagus billsteelei Mendoza & Francke 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="463" masterDocId="6236FFA0FFC0FFCBA8317B36E9244453" masterDocTitle="Five new cave-dwelling species of Hemirrhagus Simon 1903 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with notes on the generic distribution and novel morphological features" masterLastPageNumber="482" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="460" updateTime="1698536314277" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="BCF01ACBBE5DAFA33AF6BE697FD3AABE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="93EF287B3CBD84F5776F0246FAD06A04">
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<mods:title id="F0D43F4525CAC74CD7575D8C9DDA7170">Five new cave-dwelling species of Hemirrhagus Simon 1903 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with notes on the generic distribution and novel morphological features</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C53F593670C27C430CAEDEB2A26CC6AD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B95D5BF93AF558FC2B8C1D7105A95CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3A1FA5828D49995B5A36E7A9BEEDD52B">Mendoza, Jorge I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="598678B72B9F3B36D0430DF68383FA9E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8C3FF09B0940C69A946A896F7AC4E9B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2BDE8FB422943400EFCDA8C6BC1241DE">Francke, Oscar F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3CBBD95A0BCC3C15E3EA647BA8F7887F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D8EEA0CB201CE66E598C54054153A09D">
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<mods:title id="045802EA2921F81DE9333E67B4AA73AC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="79DFB70B67CF7AD7DECB52A2591F9FC0">
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<mods:date id="D21EA2577F0E8A86E773697158CED679">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6BBDCBB7B581AE62E1A8D8B35BB7DD84" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="56F087EA67001359A5AE48C9CA6EF844">2018-04-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1CE11912CB1C660BECB49CABCDEA1FF7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="28690BC32D1B0846C8B176F5368B537B">4407</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="18CAFE0F07382A3996512C73DDA797E7" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F252E71A301563CA7179C2E3664C5BAC">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="23957D5C964E1CAC918C836AF2412619">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8929C83CAE32093494209212879EFAE3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40A6391300679C73D60DF40B4BBD6C4F" type="GBIF-Dataset">6cfcf195-6db0-4b59-ac99-4f587276ba77</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D670A9F23EE4AC12FC6A66CF88322AC0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9E0F87D8FFC9FFC7A8A679CAEA6743B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952410" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143605144" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952410" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC9FFC7A8A679CAEA6743B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E0F87D8FFC9FFC7A8A679CAEA6743B3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC9FFC2A8A679CAE8294764" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8A679CAEB3C4745" blockId="9.[151,536,764,823]" box="[151,536,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<heading id="4D5181A2FFC9FFC2A8A679CAEB3C4745" bold="true" box="[151,536,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8A679CAEB3C4745" bold="true" box="[151,536,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC9FFC2A8A679CAE8974745" ID-CoL="3KSDZ" authority="Mendoza & Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,435,764,790]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billsteelei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8A679CAE8974745" bold="true" box="[151,435,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Hemirrhagus billsteelei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC9FFC2A98B79CAEB3C4745" box="[442,536,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8A67828E8294764" blockId="9.[151,536,764,823]" box="[151,269,798,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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(
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<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2A8AE7828E9C34764" box="[159,231,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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̄9)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC9FFC2A8A67850ECBC47F0" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8A67850ECBC47F0" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<materialsCitation id="A6CE3C93FFC9FFC2A8A67850ECBC47F0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119812" collectingDate="2014-04-10" collectionCode="CNAN" collectorName="Coll. J. & Mendoza & Davlantes & Guzman." country="Mexico" location="Mpio. Huautla de Jimenez" municipality="Cueva de La Grieta" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCode="CNAN-T0927" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8A67850E868472C" bold="true" box="[151,332,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC9FFC2A8A67850E9F6472C" box="[151,210,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC9FFC2A9697850E89E472C" box="[344,442,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="00A0FD47FFC9FFC2A9F47851E8FE472D" box="[453,474,871,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="70B7AE0BFFC9FFC2A9D67851EB12472C" box="[487,566,871,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">CNAN</collectionCode>
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T0925,
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<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC9FFC2AAAF7851EBDA472C" box="[670,766,871,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="00A0FD47FFC9FFC2AB3A7851EA04472D" box="[779,800,871,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="70B7AE0BFFC9FFC2AB1D7851EA5F472C" box="[812,891,871,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">CNAN</collectionCode>
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T0926,
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<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC9FFC2ABD27851ED67472C" box="[995,1091,871,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="00A0FD47FFC9FFC2AC617851ED41472D" box="[1104,1125,871,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<specimenCode id="46009EB5FFC9FFC2AC407851EC31472C" box="[1137,1301,871,895]" collectionCode="CNAN-T" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">CNAN-T0927</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="6EB1765EFFC9FFC2AD177851ECBD472C" box="[1318,1433,871,895]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFC9FFC2A8A678BDE9CA47F0" box="[151,238,907,931]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="13796015FFC9FFC2A8C878BCEB0747F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC9FFC7A8A679CAEA6743B3:13796015FFC9FFC2A8C878BCEB0747F0" box="[249,547,906,931]" country="Mexico" municipality="Cueva de La Grieta" name="Mpio. Huautla de Jimenez" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Mpio. Huautla de Jiménez</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="F67DACB4FFC9FFC2AA1F78BDEA2847F0" box="[558,780,906,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Cueva de La Grieta</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingDate id="725CE9E6FFC9FFC2AB2678BDEABF47F0" box="[791,923,907,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2014-04-10">
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<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AB2678BDEABF47F0" box="[791,923,907,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2014-04-10">10-IV-2014</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName id="BB535318FFC9FFC2AB9778BCED4D47F0" box="[934,1129,906,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Coll. J. Mendoza</collectorName>
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, S.
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<collectorName id="BB535318FFC9FFC2ACA078BCEC2047F0" box="[1169,1284,906,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Davlantes</collectorName>
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, A.
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<collectorName id="BB535318FFC9FFC2AD0378BDECBC47F0" box="[1330,1432,907,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Guzman.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC9FFC2A8F67898ED164158" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67898EC57405D" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8F67898E8654794" bold="true" box="[199,321,942,967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC9FFC2A9787898EB704794" authority="Mendoza & Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[329,596,942,967]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billsteelei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A9787898EB704794" box="[329,596,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Hemirrhagus billsteelei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC9FFC2AA6D7898EB934794" box="[604,695,942,967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2AA6D7898EB934794" bold="true" box="[604,695,942,967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC9FFC2AC647898EDCE4794" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1109,1258,942,967]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2AC647898EDCE4794" box="[1109,1258,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Hemirrhagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, except
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC9FFC2A8A678E2E81347B8" authorityName="Garcia-Villafuerte & Locht" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,311,978,1003]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezmilesi">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8A678E2E81347B8" box="[151,311,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">H. perezmilesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in lacking tibial apophyses. From
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC9FFC2AAF278E2EA4047B8" authorityName="Garcia-Villafuerte & Locht" authorityYear="2010" box="[707,868,978,1003]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezmilesi">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2AAF278E2EA4047B8" box="[707,868,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">H. perezmilesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the shape of male palpal bulb, the spermatheca, the stridulating setae composed by spinose and claviform setae, instead of claviform parallel and spinose setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67F2CED164158" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC9FFC2A8F67F2CE8F54060" authority="Mendoza & Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,465,1050,1075]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billsteelei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8F67F2CE8F54060" box="[199,465,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Hemirrhagus billsteelei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC9FFC2A9E87F2CEB174060" box="[473,563,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A9E87F2CEB174060" bold="true" box="[473,563,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is identified by possessing the following character combination. Male palpal bulb with slender embolus similar in length to tegulum, subapical keel ends at embolus retrolateral face; ventral groove deep. Embolus curved retrolaterally on distal half (
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<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AB1E7F54EAA24028" box="[815,902,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[199,1383,465,1221]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,437,1238]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. A─D, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. Left palpal bulb: A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view.Scale = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220998/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 7A</figureCitation>
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̄D). Tibia I lacking apophyses (
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<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2ACC07F54EC1F4028" box="[1265,1339,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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Fig
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<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AD117F54EC1F4028" box="[1312,1339,1122,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">6I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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). Ocular tubercle and eyes normally developed, periocular pigmentation complete (6E, 8C). With stridulatory setae conformed by spinose setae on retrolateral face of palp trochanter and claviform setae on prolateral face of trochanter I (
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<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2A91F7FF8E88340B5" box="[302,423,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6G, H</figureCitation>
|
|
; 8E, F). Urticating setae arranged in two lateral, oval patches, black in color (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AD0B7FF8ECAB40B4" box="[1338,1423,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Spermatheca paired, slightly fused at the base, receptacles finger-shaped (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2ABE07FC4ED004158" box="[977,1060,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 8G</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC9FFC2A8F67E20ECA04100" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67E20ECA04100" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8F67E20E875417C" bold="true" box="[199,337,1302,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
|
The specific name is a patronym in honor of Bill Steele, for his contribution to the knowledge of Mexican Caves and his help in the collection of cave tarantulas and other arachnids in the Huautla Cave System.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC9FFC7A8F67E68ED824378" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67E68EBBB41C8" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8F67E68E87F4124" bold="true" box="[199,347,1374,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Description:</emphasis>
|
|
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC9FFC2A9547E68E8E94124" box="[357,461,1374,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
male CNAN T0925 body length 21.17, carapace 10.10 long, 9.29 wide. Caput not elevated; fovea recurved, width 1.33 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AA0E7EB4EBB641C8" box="[575,658,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67E91E87742E8" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete, all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.35; ALE 0.40; PME 0.15; PLE 0.30; AME-AME 0.075; AME-ALE 0.125; PME-PME 0.675; PME-PLE 0.075; ALE-PLE 0.10. Ocular tubercle slightly reduced, ocular quadrangle width 1.5, length 1.125; clypeus 0.05 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AB757D24EABF4278" box="[836,923,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Labium length 1.37, width 1.80; with 48 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with ~112 (left) and ~126 (right) cuspules (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2ABD97D00ED1C421C" box="[1000,1080,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Cheliceral promargin with 13 (left) and 13 (right) teeth (proximal to distal: first small, second-eighth medium, ninth-thirteenth large). Sternum length 4.25. Sigillae oval, first, second and third pairs hardly visible; posterior sigilla half its length from the margin (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2A8C57D94E86242E8" box="[244,326,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67DF1EDCD4318" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 10.32, 5.45, 9.55, 10.09, 7.56, 42.97. II: 9.70, 5.13, 8.49, 9.61, 7.56, 40.49. III: 9.60, 4.24, 8.53, 11.14, 7.15, 40.66. IV: 11.77, 4.48, 10.53, 10.56, 8.53, 45.87. Palp: 7.43, 3.72, 6.88, -, 3.04. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.0 long, 0.33 apart; PLS, 1.37 basal, 1.50 middle, 2.67 distal; midwidths: 0.67 basal, 0.60 middle, 0.50 distal (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2ACB97C04EDF84318" box="[1160,1244,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67C60EDEA43C0" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
Scopulae: Tarsi I-IV entirely scopulated, III divided by narrow band of setae and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I-II densely scopulated;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA6C7C4DEBB943C0" box="[605,669,1914,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="1965-03">III 65</date>
|
|
% scopulated distally,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2ABA67C4DEAFD43C0" box="[919,985,1914,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="1950-04">IV 50</date>
|
|
% scopulated distally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67CA8EABA43E4" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" box="[199,926,1950,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
Tibia I lacking apophyses (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2A9C47CA8EB1A43E4" box="[501,574,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
Fig
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA127CA8EB1A43E4" box="[547,574,1950,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">6I</date>
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|
). Metatarsus I straight (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AB767CA8EAB543E4" box="[839,913,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 6J</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC1A8F67CF4ED8C44AB" blockId="9.[151,1437,870,2011]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
|
Stridulatory setae: On palpal trochanter retrolateral face proximally, with ca. 10 spinose setae of different sizes, disorganized. Trochanter I with claviform setae on prolateral face (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCAFFC1ABA37BA1EACE44E3" box="[914,1002,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig 6G</figureCitation>
|
|
̄H). With plumose setae on palp coxa retrolateral face, trochanter retrolateral face, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II trocanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.
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</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="42D96646FFCAFFC1A8A67C6AEDD543BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" startId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" targetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" targetPageId="10">
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|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCAFFC1A8A67C6AEDD543BE" blockId="10.[151,1436,1884,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCAFFC1A8A67C6AE8304321" bold="true" box="[151,276,1884,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
|
A─J,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFCAFFC1A9697C6AEB6E4321" authority="Mendoza & Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[344,586,1884,1906]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billsteelei" status="sp. nov.">
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|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCAFFC1A9697C6AEB6E4321" box="[344,586,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Hemirrhagus billsteelei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFCAFFC1AA607C6BEBEB4321" box="[593,719,1884,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. H, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view. I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses. J, metatarsus I, prolateral view. Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67BA1E83044AB" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
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|
Chaetotaxy (left side): femora
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|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AA2D7BAEEB1F44E3" box="[540,571,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">I 4</date>
|
|
p, 3r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AA4A7BAEEB8744E3" box="[635,675,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">II 4</date>
|
|
p, 3r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AAD27BAEEA3744E3" box="[739,787,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">III 3</date>
|
|
p, 5r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AB657BAEEAA344E3" box="[852,903,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">IV 4</date>
|
|
p, 3r; palp 2p, 1r; patellae none; tibiae
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AD057BAEEC7644E3" box="[1332,1362,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">I 4</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AD5C7BAEECBC44E3" box="[1389,1432,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" value="2010-05">10v</date>
|
|
, 1r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0A88C7B8BE9C24487" box="[189,230,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">II 2</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0A9337B8AE83A4487" box="[258,286,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">9v</date>
|
|
, 1r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0A9617B8BE85B4486" box="[336,383,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">III 1</date>
|
|
d, 4p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0A9F97B8AE8C14486" box="[456,485,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">6v</date>
|
|
, 4r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AA267B8BEB634486" box="[535,583,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">IV 1</date>
|
|
d, 7p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AAA07B8AEB984487" box="[657,700,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" value="2010-05">10v</date>
|
|
, 7r; palp 1p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AB7E7B8AEA4F4487" box="[847,875,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">8v</date>
|
|
, 1r; metatarsi
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AC3D7B8BED0C4487" box="[1036,1064,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">I 1</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AC767B8AED424487" box="[1095,1126,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">3v</date>
|
|
;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AC437B8BEDB34487" box="[1138,1175,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">II 1</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AC867B8AEDF14487" box="[1207,1237,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">1v</date>
|
|
;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0ACD37B8BEC374487" box="[1250,1299,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">III 3</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AD1E7B8BEC684487" box="[1327,1356,189,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">7v</date>
|
|
, 6r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0AD4F7B8BE98244AB" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">IV 9</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCBFFC0A8F07BD6E9F944AB" box="[193,221,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">8v</date>
|
|
, 10r.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67A32E8C54536" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
|
Palp. Embolus slender, one and a half times the length of tegulum, subapical keel ends at embolus retrolateral face; ventral groove deep. Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally in distal half. The apex of the embolus slightly curved ventrally (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0A96D7A7AE8954536" box="[348,433,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[199,1383,465,1221]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,437,1238]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. A─D, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. Left palpal bulb: A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view.Scale = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220998/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 7A</figureCitation>
|
|
̄D).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="42D96646FFCBFFC0A8A67E22EA1A411B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220998/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" startId="11.[151,250,1300,1322]" targetBox="[199,1383,465,1221]" targetPageId="11">
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8A67E22EA1A411B" blockId="11.[151,1435,1300,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCBFFC0A8A67E22E8314179" bold="true" box="[151,277,1300,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
|
A─D,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFCBFFC0A9557E22EB714179" authority="Mendoza & Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[356,597,1300,1322]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billsteelei" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCBFFC0A9557E22EB714179" box="[356,597,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Hemirrhagus billsteelei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFCBFFC0AA6F7E23EBFA4179" box="[606,734,1300,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, male holotype CNAN-T0925. Left palpal bulb: A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view. Scale = 1mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67E43E9EC41E1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1397,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
|
Urticating setae:
|
|
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFCBFFC0A9B67E40E89B41DD" box="[391,447,1398,1422]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
VI arranged in two lateral, oval patches, black in color, with well-defined margins (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0AD447E43E99F41E1" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,298,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1386,293,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A─J, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, male holotype CNAN-T0925. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, opisthosoma, ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view.H, trochanterI claviform setae, ventral view.I, tibia I, ventral view showing the abscense of tibial apophyses.J, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅D, J), 1mm (E̅I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220996/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 6C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67E8BED814185" blockId="11.[151,1437,1397,1998]" box="[199,1189,1469,1494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
|
Color pattern: in ethanol specimens color are brown. Live specimens are black (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0AC777E8BEDBC4185" box="[1094,1176,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1129,1151]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,201,1102]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1398,193,1108]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. A─D, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species habitat and habitus; A, Entrance of Cueva La Grieta. B, Inside of Cueva La Grieta collecting site of the species. C, H. billsteelei sp. nov., male holotype CNAN-T0925, in life. D, H. billsteelei sp. nov., female paratype CNAN-T0926, in life. Photos: A̅D, J. Mendoza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221002/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 9C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67ED4E8C1424D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1397,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
|
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFCBFFC0A8F67ED4E80D41A9" box="[199,297,1506,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
female CNAN-T0926 body length 21.96, carapace 9.54 long, 8.77 wide. Caput not elevated; fovea recurved, 1.27 wide (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0A9B57D33E8FC424D" box="[388,472,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 8A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67D1CEB7F436D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1397,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
|
Eyes: anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete, all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.33; ALE 0.43; PME 0.20; PLE 0.37; AME-AME 0.17; AME-ALE 0.17; PME-PME 0.63; PME-PLE 0.067; ALE-PLE 0.13. Ocular tubercle reduced, ocular quadrangle width 1.73, length 1.00; clypeus 0.17 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0AAD97DA3EA1B42FD" box="[744,831,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Labium length 1.77, width 2.0; with 44 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with ~116 (left) and ~134 (right) cuspules (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0AB457D8FEAED4282" box="[884,969,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 8D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Cheliceral promargin with 12 (left) and 13 (right) teeth (proximal to distal: first-fourth medium, fifth small, sixth-twelfth medium; first-seventh medium, eigth-thriteenth big). Sternum length 4.20. Sigillae oval, first, second and third pairs hardly visible; posterior sigilla half its length from the margin (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCBFFC0A9CD7C13EB69436D" box="[508,589,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig 8B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCBFFC0A8F67C7CEDE3439D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1397,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Leg formula: IV, I, III, II,. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 9.56, 4.98, 8.29, 7.65, 5.76, 36.24. II: 8.73, 4.61, 7.82, 7.35, 5.42, 33.93. III: 8.86, 4.14, 7.37, 8.83, 5.69, 34.89. IV: 10.44, 4.46, 9.41, 13.03, 6.96, 44.33. Palp: 7.11, 4.10, 6.22, -, 5.34, 22.77. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.0 long, 0.45 apart; PLS, 2.30 basal, 1.75 middle, 2.35 distal; midwidths, 0.85 basal, 0.75 middle, 0.65 distal.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="42D96646FFCCFFC7A8A67FDEEC704109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" startId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" targetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8A67FDEEC704109" blockId="12.[151,1436,1256,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCCFFC7A8A67FDEE83740AD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1256,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
|
A─I,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFCCFFC7A9657FDEEB6740AD" authority="Mendoza & Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[340,579,1256,1278]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billsteelei" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCCFFC7A9657FDEEB6740AD" box="[340,579,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Hemirrhagus billsteelei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFCCFFC7AA7B7FDFEBE340AD" box="[586,711,1256,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view. G, spermathecae, ventral view. Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67EB1EDEA4197" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Scopulae: Tarsi I-IV entirely scopulated, III divided by narrow band of setae and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I-II densely scopulated;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AA6C7E9AEBB94197" box="[605,669,1451,1476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="1965-03">III 65</date>
|
|
% scopulated distally,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7ABA67E9AEAFD4197" box="[919,985,1451,1476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="1950-04">IV 50</date>
|
|
% scopulated distally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67EF9ED8C4207" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Stridulatory setae: On palpal trochanter retrolateral face proximally, with ca. 11 spinose setae of different sizes, disorganized. Trochanter I with claviform setae on prolateral face (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCCFFC7ABA67EC5EACE425F" box="[919,1002,1523,1548]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig 8E</figureCitation>
|
|
̄F). With plumose setae on palp coxa retrolateral face, trochanter retrolateral face, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II trocanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67D69ED8C42C8" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Chaetotaxy (left side): femora
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AA2E7D56EB1B4224" box="[543,575,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">I 2</date>
|
|
p;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AA6A7D56EBA44224" box="[603,640,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">II 1</date>
|
|
p;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AA917D56EBF64224" box="[672,722,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">III 2</date>
|
|
p, 2r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AB257D56EA614224" box="[788,837,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">IV 1</date>
|
|
r; palp 1p; patellae none; tibiae
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AC9A7D56EDEF4224" box="[1195,1227,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">I 2</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7ACD77D69EC20422B" box="[1254,1284,1631,1656]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">5v</date>
|
|
;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AD207D56EC1E4224" box="[1297,1338,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">II 2</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AD647D69EC514224" box="[1365,1397,1631,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">4v</date>
|
|
;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7ADB17D56E98242C8" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">III 2</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7A8F07DB2E9FA42C8" box="[193,222,1668,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">7v</date>
|
|
, 4r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7A93E7DB2E86742C8" box="[271,323,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">IV 4</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7A96C7DB5E8AD42C8" box="[349,393,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="2010-05">10v</date>
|
|
, 7r; palp 1p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AA2A7DB5EB1E42C8" box="[539,570,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">9v</date>
|
|
; metatarsi
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AA857DB2EBF742C8" box="[692,723,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">I 2</date>
|
|
v;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AADE7DB2EA3342C8" box="[751,791,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">II 4</date>
|
|
v;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AB027DB2EA4042CF" box="[819,868,1667,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">III 5</date>
|
|
p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7ABB17DB5EAB842C8" box="[896,924,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">8v</date>
|
|
, 5r;
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7ABFF7DB2EADA42CF" box="[974,1022,1667,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">IV 1</date>
|
|
d, 7p,
|
|
<date id="6218100EFFCCFFC7AC767DB5ED5642C8" box="[1095,1138,1667,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="2012-05">12v</date>
|
|
, 12r.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67D91E8D042B0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Genitalia: spermatheca paired, slightly fused at the base, receptacles finger-shaped, narrower at the base and slightly bent laterally (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCCFFC7A9A57DFDE8C342B0" box="[404,487,1739,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,254,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,245,1179]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. A─I, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, female paratype CNAN-T0926. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, palp trochanter spinose setae, retrolateral view. F, trochanter I claviform setae, ventral view.G, spermathecae, ventral view.Scale = 2mm (A, B), 1mm (C̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221000/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig 8G</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67DD9EC47435B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" box="[199,1379,1775,1800]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Urticating setae:
|
|
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFCCFFC7A9B77DC6E89A435B" box="[390,446,1776,1800]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
VI arranged in two lateral, oval patches, black in color, with well-defined margins.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67C25ED824378" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" box="[199,1190,1811,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Color pattern: in ethanol specimens color are brown. Live specimens are black (
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCCFFC7AC777C25EDBE4378" box="[1094,1178,1811,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1129,1151]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,201,1102]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1398,193,1108]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. A─D, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species habitat and habitus; A, Entrance of Cueva La Grieta. B, Inside of Cueva La Grieta collecting site of the species. C, H. billsteelei sp. nov., male holotype CNAN-T0925, in life. D, H. billsteelei sp. nov., female paratype CNAN-T0926, in life. Photos: A̅D, J. Mendoza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221002/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig 9D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFCCFFC7A8F67C01EA6743B3" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="161936CEFFCCFFC7A8F67C01EA6743B3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1415,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCCFFC7A8F67C01EB744303" bold="true" box="[199,592,1847,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
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Known only from Cueva de la Grieta in Huautla,
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<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFCCFFC7AC4C7C01EDF0431C" box="[1149,1236,1847,1871]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFCCFFC7ACEE7C01EC104303" box="[1247,1332,1847,1872]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<collectingCountry id="6EB1765EFFCCFFC7ACEE7C01EC104303" box="[1247,1332,1847,1872]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">México</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCCFFC7AD737C01ECAB431C" box="[1346,1423,1847,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE23" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,193,987]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1437,193,987]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE23. Known distribution of Hemirrhagusmitchelli(Gertsch 1982), Hemirrhagus puebla (Gertsch1982), Hemirrhagus ocellatus Pérez-Miles & Locht 2003, Hemirrhagus gertschi Pérez-Miles & Locht 2003, Hemirrhagus valdezi Mendoza 2014, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, Hemirrhagus diablo new species, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, Hemirrhagus pernix (Ausserer 1875), Hemirrhagus franckei Mendoza 2014, Hemirrhagus reddelli (Gertsch 1973), Hemirrhagus benzaa Mendoza 2014 and Hemirrhagus guichi Mendoza 2014. Showing the biogeographic provinces where they are found: SMO= Sierra Madre Oriental, EVT= Eje Volcanico Transversal, SMS= Sierra Madre del Sur, PCH= Provincia de Chiapas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig 23</figureCitation>
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). The species lives only inside the cave (
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<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFCCFFC7AA7B7C6DEB844327" box="[586,672,1883,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1129,1151]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,201,1102]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1398,193,1108]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. A─D, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species habitat and habitus; A, Entrance of Cueva La Grieta. B, Inside of Cueva La Grieta collecting site of the species. C, H. billsteelei sp. nov., male holotype CNAN-T0925, in life. D, H. billsteelei sp. nov., female paratype CNAN-T0926, in life. Photos: A̅D, J. Mendoza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221002/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
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̄B); specimens were collected on rocks at a depth of
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<quantity id="D15E9B2BFFCCFFC7ACDE7C6DEC124320" box="[1263,1334,1883,1907]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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from the entrance. In La Grieta also lives
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<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFCCFFC7AA3A7C49EBCF43C4" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[523,747,1919,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grieta">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFCCFFC7AA3A7C49EBCF43C4" box="[523,747,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Hemirrhagus grieta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but this species can be only collected in deeper parts of the cave, from
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<quantity id="D15E9B2BFFCCFFC7A9267C95E8AF43E8" box="[279,395,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="200.0">200-800m</quantity>
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below the entrance. The topography of the cave is formed by multiple pits, stretch passages and crevices (See http://www.mexicancaves.org/maps/0104).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |