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<document id="756FAB06978BF48C981C252823C88BA8" ID-CLB-Dataset="27031" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.2646185" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1393a7bd-6860-4916-96f0-593ecbe197f7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2646185" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1555587869471" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simov, Nikolay, Ivanova, Teodora &amp; Schunger, Isabel" docDate="2006" docId="696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01190p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1190" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cimex dissimilis Horvath" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="9555C772FFBEFFA19E452330FFE4FF84" masterDocTitle="Bat-parasitic Cimex species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) on the Balkan Peninsula, with zoogeographical remarks on Cimex lectularius Linnaeus" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698722902747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="774C9EB0BF6D9E7304E48D8CC9234F05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="10CEB54699F598746A28D9217456E273">
<mods:title id="882A5DF601AB2D41D848B792060C2AB7">Bat-parasitic Cimex species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) on the Balkan Peninsula, with zoogeographical remarks on Cimex lectularius Linnaeus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BA677A4C171B7B85DE75A2BE56BB579C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2438FDAA49FD715B453156BDC95EB5AA">
<mods:roleTerm id="9D2F20F6F6843B1CF6DBF4D8EE3ED897">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AA6C797639035432E402EC7181BB461E">Simov, Nikolay</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="093D7BF1E774CCEAE09A6315F4193170" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F555377A5588046C4E49FB4870B8077A">
<mods:roleTerm id="B9785D86A54D0A56E76A87BD0C4B8499">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4CE1FF33EB8E17A425856F105AF1CC96">Ivanova, Teodora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1AB0C1D65C8412DD8D42422D303B85EF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9417AF440A70DFB1A12C4DF9B48349C9">
<mods:roleTerm id="D937306A7D344E7D5BCABEF44C33D213">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="97C2331C8F19DC6CD8D443DD06C52FBA">Schunger, Isabel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="39E6F63A8837191D448EFA916CABFAF6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A313798C674C73033FA0D8B28C64DFFB" type="host">
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<mods:title id="BF386D327B0453C705DA631C40CCB45F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FE1D251B0535BA344257E2D9B47F3DC7">
<mods:date id="42E42FD6E8E4378255BC0827DFE71219">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4B9636877AE3C512D53F79D00F015532" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="96CB19A382BEDD50A07859259331C1A2">2006-05-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2152DE98A697CDB0F570942D6DB4625D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="54153D46B72D71FE706C60A8491D445D">1190</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="21C671F1553FC9EB758D2FADF3D12102">59</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F3EA32548CAA174DC3F6F9C7BF8353BD">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F6112444D73E166EC1033BDD2C365FCB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="972CBE6BFE9900D01EBFB5325194AAC1" type="CLB-Dataset">27031</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A0A96F15217FFFBF64FF2000F656AF69" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.2646185</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ED5D03D71E9DB72DBC9B49742DC4D549" type="GBIF-Dataset">1393a7bd-6860-4916-96f0-593ecbe197f7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C3033D1FE24F4C64EDBE8F89A419EBBC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4B22F935F75C620AB2D0088DBF52A72F" type="Zenodo-Dep">2646185</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B8B749AFFF17F2368C68E4A134BFF48" type="ZooBank">8A403022-6F11-4332-9F50-04A27E886056</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156789482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="A9DF5D97FFBAFFA59F4D2642FDB6FA08" box="[264,594,1394,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBAFFA59F4D2642FDB6FA08" blockId="4.[264,594,1394,1420]" box="[264,594,1394,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="BA32B970FFBAFFA59F4D2642FDB6FA08" bold="true" box="[264,594,1394,1420]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBAFFA59F4D2642FDB6FA08" ID-CoL="7SBLT" authority="(Horvath)" authorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[264,594,1394,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59F4D2642FDB6FA08" bold="true" box="[264,594,1394,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59F4D2642FE29FA08" bold="true" box="[264,461,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cimex dissimilis</emphasis>
(Horváth)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9DF5D97FFBAFFA49F4D268DFC38FDA2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBAFFA49F4D268DFD9DFE2A" blockId="4.[264,1323,1469,1895]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,283,550]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation id="51AD0441FFBAFFA59F4D268DFBD0F9A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417205308" collectingDate="2004-05-19" collectorName="I. Schunger" country="Bulgaria" elevation="250" location="Devetaki" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-male="4">
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBAFFA59F4D268DFE91FA53" box="[264,373,1469,1495]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59F4D268DFE91FA53" bold="true" box="[264,373,1469,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Bulgaria</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
: village of
<location id="E41A58C7FFBAFFA59C48268DFD9EFA53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7:E41A58C7FFBAFFA59C48268DFD9EFA53" box="[525,634,1469,1495]" country="Bulgaria" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" name="Devetaki" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Devetaki</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="011E9466FFBAFFA59CCE268DFC88FA53" box="[651,876,1469,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Devetashkata cave</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59DC4268DFC0BFA53" box="[897,1007,1469,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">43° 13 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59A44268DFB8EFA53" box="[1025,1130,1469,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">24° 53 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="6AE8E92FFFBAFFA59A39268DFAFCFA53" box="[1148,1304,1469,1495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="250.0">
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBAFFA59A39268DFB22FA53" box="[1148,1222,1469,1495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
),
<collectingDate id="853FD134FFBAFFA59F4D26D5FE68FA7B" box="[264,396,1509,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2004-05-19">
<date id="957B28DCFFBAFFA59F4D26D5FE68FA7B" box="[264,396,1509,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2004-05-19">19.05.2004</date>
</collectingDate>
­
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59FE126D5FE2AFA7C" box="[420,462,1508,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
on a male
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBAFFA59C0B26D5FCF7FA7A" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[590,787,1509,1534]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59C0B26D5FCF7FA7A" box="[590,787,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mist­netted near the entrance to a large summer roost with about 2000
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBAFFA59C1A253DFD3BF9A2" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[607,735,1549,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59C1A253DFD3BF9A2" box="[607,735,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">N. noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="4C306BCAFFBAFFA59D6F253DFC5CF9A3" box="[810,952,1549,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">I. Schunger</collectorName>
, C. Dietz
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="51AD0441FFBAFFA59A03253DFB31F9F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417205310" collectingDate="2005-01-10" collectorName="I. Schunger" country="Bulgaria" elevation="200" location="Cherven" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-male="4">
village of
<location id="E41A58C7FFBAFFA59A82253DFACEF9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7:E41A58C7FFBAFFA59A82253DFACEF9A3" box="[1223,1322,1549,1575]" country="Bulgaria" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" name="Cherven" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cherven</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59F542505FE9BF9CB" box="[273,383,1589,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">43° 37 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59FCB2505FE13F9CB" box="[398,503,1589,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">26° 0 1 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="6AE8E92FFFBAFFA59C432505FD44F9CB" box="[518,672,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBAFFA59C432505FDB5F9CB" box="[518,593,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
), bat­boxes transect near the village (the transect has existed since 2004 and bat­boxes are checked regularly once a month), 0
<collectingDate id="853FD134FFBAFFA59A1A256DFB31F9F3" box="[1119,1237,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2005-01-10">
<date id="957B28DCFFBAFFA59A1A256DFB31F9F3" box="[1119,1237,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2005-01-10">1.10.2005</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="51AD0441FFBAFFA59AA1256DFB32F96B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417205346" collectingDate="2005-10-31" collectorName="I. Borisov" country="Bulgaria" elevation="200" location="Cherven" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59AA1256DFAC7F9F4" box="[1252,1315,1628,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59F4D25B5FEA1F91C" box="[264,325,1668,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59F3A25B5FE08F91B" box="[383,492,1669,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
in a bat box with
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBAFFA59C8725B5FC6CF91A" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[706,904,1669,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59C8725B5FC6CF91A" box="[706,904,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="4C306BCAFFBAFFA59D8F25B5FBA0F91B" box="[970,1092,1669,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">I. Borisov</collectorName>
; village of
<location id="E41A58C7FFBAFFA59A8D25B5FACFF91B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7:E41A58C7FFBAFFA59A8D25B5FACFF91B" box="[1224,1323,1669,1695]" country="Bulgaria" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" name="Cherven" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cherven</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59F54259DFE9BF943" box="[273,383,1709,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">43° 37 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59FCB259DFE13F943" box="[398,503,1709,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">26° 0 1 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="6AE8E92FFFBAFFA59C42259DFD45F943" box="[519,673,1709,1735]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBAFFA59C42259DFDB5F943" box="[519,593,1709,1735]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
), bat­boxes transect near the village (the transect has existed since 2004 and bat­boxes are checked regularly once a month),
<collectingDate id="853FD134FFBAFFA59A1425E5FB32F96B" box="[1105,1238,1749,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2005-10-31">
<date id="957B28DCFFBAFFA59A1425E5FB32F96B" box="[1105,1238,1749,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2005-10-31">31.10.2005</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="51AD0441FFBAFFA59AA025E5FAE9F8E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417205398" collectingDate="2005-04-12" collectorName="I. Borisov" country="Bulgaria" elevation="200" location="Cherven" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="13" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59AA025E5FAE9F96C" box="[1253,1293,1748,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59B5925E5FEF8F894" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59F1E25CDFE2EF893" box="[347,458,1789,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="larva">13 larvae</specimenCount>
in a bat box with
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBAFFA59CF525CDFC9DF892" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[688,889,1789,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBAFFA59CF525CDFC9DF892" box="[688,889,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="4C306BCAFFBAFFA59D8525CDFBDFF893" box="[960,1083,1789,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">I. Borisov</collectorName>
; village of
<location id="E41A58C7FFBAFFA59A8225CDFACEF893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7:E41A58C7FFBAFFA59A8225CDFACEF893" box="[1223,1322,1789,1815]" country="Bulgaria" longitude="0.016666668" municipality="Devetashkata cave" name="Cherven" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cherven</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59F542415FE9BF8BB" box="[273,383,1829,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">43° 37 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBAFFA59FCB2415FE13F8BB" box="[398,503,1829,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">26° 0 1 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="6AE8E92FFFBAFFA59C422415FD45F8BB" box="[519,673,1829,1855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBAFFA59C422415FDB5F8BB" box="[519,593,1829,1855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
), bat­boxes transect near the village (the transect has existed since 2004 and bat­boxes are checked regularly once a month), 0
<collectingDate id="853FD134FFBAFFA59A25247DFB31F8E3" box="[1120,1237,1869,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2005-04-12">
<date id="957B28DCFFBAFFA59A25247DFB31F8E3" box="[1120,1237,1869,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2005-04-12">4.12.2005</date>
</collectingDate>
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBAFFA59AA0247DFAE9F8E4" box="[1253,1293,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
, 2
<materialsCitation id="51AD0441FFBBFFA49F4D222BFD9DFE2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417205322" collectingDate="2004-09-23" collectingDateMax="2005-03-11" collectingDateMin="2004-09-23" collectorName="I. Borisov &amp; Gerdzhika Bridge &amp; I. Schunger" country="Greece" county="Soufli" elevation="160" latitude="0.13333334" location="Thrace" municipality="Evros Province" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Plovdiv">
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49F4D222BFEF8FEAB" box="[264,284,283,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49F1B222CFE2BFEB2" box="[350,463,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
in a bat box with
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49C85222CFC6FFEB1" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[704,907,284,309]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49C85222CFC6FFEB1" box="[704,907,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="4C306BCAFFBBFFA49D90222CFBB7FEB2" box="[981,1107,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">I. Borisov</collectorName>
; town of
<collectingRegion id="2301C0FEFFBBFFA49A8A222CFACEFEB2" box="[1231,1322,284,310]" country="Bulgaria" name="Plovdiv" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Plovdiv</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBBFFA49F542274FE9BFEDA" box="[273,383,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">42° 0 8 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBBFFA49FCE2274FE10FEDA" box="[395,500,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">24° 45 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="6AE8E92FFFBBFFA49C472274FD7DFEDA" box="[514,665,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="160.0">
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBBFFA49C472274FDA8FEDA" box="[514,588,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
),
<collectorName id="4C306BCAFFBBFFA49CF72274FC63FEDA" box="[690,903,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Gerdzhika Bridge</collectorName>
, 0
<collectingDate id="853FD134FFBBFFA49DE72274FBF2FEDA" box="[930,1046,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" value="2005-03-11">
<date id="957B28DCFFBBFFA49DE72274FBF2FEDA" box="[930,1046,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" value="2005-03-11">3.11.2005</date>
</collectingDate>
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49A632274FBADFED3" box="[1062,1097,323,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49AC12274FB42FED3" box="[1156,1190,323,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, on
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49A9E2274FACFFEDA" box="[1243,1323,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49F7C225CFE7BFE02" box="[313,415,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
individuals of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49C0B225CFCF0FE01" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[590,788,364,389]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49C0B225CFCF0FE01" box="[590,788,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Nyctalus noctulà</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, captured by hand in the roost with about 900 hibernating bats, leg. E. Tilova.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBBFFA49F7D228BFC38FDA2" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<materialsCitation id="51AD0441FFBBFFA49F7D228BFC38FDA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417205307" collectingDate="2004-09-23" collectingDateMax="2005-03-11" collectingDateMin="2004-09-23" collectorName="I. Borisov &amp; Gerdzhika Bridge &amp; I. Schunger" country="Greece" county="Soufli" elevation="160" latitude="0.13333334" location="Thrace" municipality="Evros Province" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Plovdiv">
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49F7D228BFE6BFE51" box="[312,399,443,469]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49F7D228BFE6BFE51" bold="true" box="[312,399,443,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Greece</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="E41A58C7FFBBFFA49FE5228CFE10FE52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696CBF0AFFBAFFA89F4D2642FDD6FBB7:E41A58C7FFBBFFA49FE5228CFE10FE52" box="[416,500,444,470]" country="Greece" county="Soufli" latitude="0.13333334" municipality="Evros Province" name="Thrace" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Plovdiv">Thrace</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="011E9466FFBBFFA49C44228CFD5DFE52" box="[513,697,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Evros Province</collectingMunicipality>
, village of
<collectingCounty id="081B7690FFBBFFA49D7A228CFC6EFE52" box="[831,906,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Soufli</collectingCounty>
, bridge south of the village (
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBBFFA49AA4228CFEC4FE7A" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">41°08 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="84F168DBFFBBFFA49F6A22D4FE76FE7A" box="[303,402,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">26°17 E</geoCoordinate>
)
<collectingDate id="853FD134FFBBFFA49FE022D4FDCDFE7A" box="[421,553,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" value="2004-09-23">
<date id="957B28DCFFBBFFA49FE022D4FDCDFE7A" box="[421,553,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" value="2004-09-23">23.09.2004</date>
</collectingDate>
­
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49C0222D4FD63FE73" box="[583,647,483,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
on
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49CFC22D4FCEFFE7A" box="[697,779,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
individuals of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49D8122D4FB69FE79" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[964,1165,484,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49D8122D4FB69FE79" box="[964,1165,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Nyctalus noctulà</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, captured by hand in a roost with about 40 bats, leg.
<collectorName id="4C306BCAFFBBFFA49C93213CFC84FDA2" box="[726,864,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">I. Schunger</collectorName>
, C. Dietz..
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9DF5D97FFBBFFA69F4D21B4FD49FB85" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBBFFA49F4D21B4FE68FD1A" blockId="5.[264,396,644,670]" box="[264,396,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49F4D21B4FE68FD1A" bold="true" box="[264,396,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBBFFA49F4D21FFFCA3FA3D" blockId="5.[264,1325,719,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The finding of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49FF921FFFD9AFD6C" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[444,638,719,744]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49FF921FFFD9AFD6C" box="[444,638,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cimex dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the Balkan Peninsula is not unexpected. This parasitic species is distributed throughout the nursing territory of its host,
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49DBF21C7FB5BFC94" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1018,1215,759,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49DBF21C7FB5BFC94" box="[1018,1215,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49A8821C7FEA2FCBD" author="Pericart, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="141 - 146" refId="ref3913" refString="Pericart, J. (1996) Family Cimicidae Latreille, 1802 - bed bugs. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, Vol. 2. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 141 - 146." type="book chapter" year="1996">Péricart 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49F14202FFE1DFCBD" author="Strelkov, P. P." box="[337,505,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="1073 - 1082" refId="ref4260" refString="Strelkov, P. P. (1997) Breeding area and its position in range of migratory bats species (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in east Europe and adjacent territories. Communication 1. Russian Journal of Zoology, 76 (9), 1073 - 1082." type="journal article" year="1997">Strelkov 1997</bibRefCitation>
; Kaòuch &amp; Cel’uch
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49CA2202FFCC3FCBD" author="Kanuch, P. &amp; Cel'uch, M." box="[743,807,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="125 - 127" refId="ref3524" refString="Kanuch, P. &amp; Cel'uch, M. (2004) On the southern border of the nursing area of the noctule in Central Europe. Myotis, 41 / 42, 125 - 127." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
). The noctule bat is a migrating species, and females give birth to their young in the area of deciduous forests from western Europe to
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49F4D205FFEB2FC0D" box="[264,342,879,905]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49F22205FFDF0FC0D" author="Strelkov, P. P." box="[359,532,879,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="393 - 439" refId="ref4229" refString="Strelkov, P. P. (1969) Migratory and stationary bats of the European part of the Soviet Union. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 16, 393 - 439." type="journal article" year="1969">Strelkov 1969</bibRefCitation>
). The southern border of the continuous area of reproduction runs from the northern coast of the Black Sea through the
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49DE820A7FB94FC35" box="[941,1136,919,945]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49AC420A7FB0BFC35" box="[1153,1263,919,945]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Germany</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49F4D208FFEBCFC5D" box="[264,344,959,985]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49F23208FFDF6FC5D" author="Strelkov P. P." box="[358,530,959,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="7 - 25" refId="ref4309" refString="Strelkov P. P. (2000) Seasonal distribution of migratory bat species in eastern Europe and adjacent territories. Myotis, 37, 7 - 25." type="journal article" year="2000">Strelkov 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Single nursery colonies can be found separated from this main territory in several countries of Central and Southern Europe, occasionally also on the Balkans (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49F0A273FFD86FBAD" author="Hanak, V. &amp; Josifov, M." box="[335,610,1039,1065]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="145 - 151" refId="ref3341" refString="Hanak, V. &amp; Josifov, M. (1959) Zur Verbreitung der Fledermause Bulgariens. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 7, 145 - 151." type="journal article" year="1959">Hanak &amp; Josifov 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49C35273FFCA3FBAD" author="Hanak, V. &amp; Benda, P. &amp; Ruedi, M. &amp; Horacek, I. &amp; Sofianidou, T." box="[624,839,1039,1065]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="279 - 346" refId="ref3278" refString="Hanak, V., Benda, P., Ruedi, M., Horacek, I. &amp; Sofianidou, T. (2001) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Maditerranean. Part 2. New records and review of distribution of bats in Greece. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 65, 279 - 346." type="journal article" year="2001">Hanak et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Dietz, Schunger &amp; von Helversen, own data), but usually the Balkans are inhabited during the summer months by male
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49AF52707FACEFBD4" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1200,1322,1079,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49AF52707FACEFBD4" box="[1200,1322,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">N. noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only. These males form colonies of up to several hundred individuals. Females and their offspring migrate in autumn from the areas of reproduction to the south to mate and to hibernate. In winter the sex ratio is about 1:
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBBFFA49D4F279FFCDDFB4D" box="[778,825,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
the
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49D29279FFC37FB4C" box="[876,979,1199,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49D29279FFC37FB4C" box="[876,979,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Nyctalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies. The migratory part of the population can cover considerably long distances of up to
<quantity id="263DA3F9FFBBFFA49A6727E7FB6AFB75" box="[1058,1166,1239,1265]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="1600.0">1600 km</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49AE527E7FE16FA9D" author="Gebhard, J. &amp; Bogdanowicz, W." pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="607 - 694" refId="ref3155" refString="Gebhard, J. &amp; Bogdanowicz, W. (2004) Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) - Grosser Abendsegler. In: Krapp F. (Ed.), Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas. Band 4: Fledertiere. Teil II: Chiroptera II. AULA-Verlag, Bonn, pp. 607 - 694." type="book chapter" year="2004">Gebhard &amp; Bogdanowicz 2004</bibRefCitation>
). The eastern Balkan Peninsula is part of the migratory flyway from Central Europe and European
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49C3E2617FD2DFAC5" box="[635,713,1319,1345]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49C992617FC6CFAC5" author="Buresch, I." box="[732,904,1319,1345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="51 - 72" refId="ref2992" refString="Buresch, I. (1941) Die Fledermause ziehen wie die Zugvogel. Revue de l'Academie bulgare des Sciences et des Arts, Sofia, 61 (2), 51 - 72. [in Bulgarian, German summary]" type="journal article" year="1941">Buresch 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49DDD2617FB53FAC5" author="Buresch, I. &amp; Beron, P." box="[920,1207,1319,1345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="47 - 57" refId="ref3034" refString="Buresch, I. &amp; Beron, P. (1962) Zwei neue weitreichende Wanderungen der Fledermause. Bulletin de'l Institut de Zoologie et Musee, 11, 47 - 57. [in Bulgarian, German summary]" type="journal article" year="1962">Buresch &amp; Beron 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49A822617FEA3FAED" author="Strelkov, P. P." pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="393 - 439" refId="ref4229" refString="Strelkov, P. P. (1969) Migratory and stationary bats of the European part of the Soviet Union. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 16, 393 - 439." type="journal article" year="1969">Strelkov 1969</bibRefCitation>
). At the moment we do not know if
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49CBA267FFC25FAEC" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[767,961,1359,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49CBA267FFC25FAEC" box="[767,961,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cimex dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives permanently on male
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49B55267FFEBBFA14" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49B55267FFEBBFA14" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">N. noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their colonies and can form a stable population there, or if they are transferred regularly by the migrating part of the population.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBBFFA49F7D26F7FC86F98D" blockId="5.[264,1325,719,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The situation is similar in
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49C3E26F7FD56FA65" box="[635,690,1479,1505]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
, where
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49D5726F7FC41FA64" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[786,933,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49D5726F7FC41FA64" box="[786,933,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been recorded only on mist­netted individuals of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49C7926DFFCBBF98D" authority="(Lanza 1999)" authorityName="Lanza" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[572,863,1519,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49C7926DFFD53F98C" box="[572,695,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">N. noctula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFBBFFA49C8326DFFCB2F98D" author="Lanza, B." box="[710,854,1519,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refId="ref3740" refString="Lanza, B. (1999) I parassiti dei pipistrelli (Mammalia, Chiroptera) della fauna italiana. Monografie XXX, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 318 pp." type="book" year="1999">Lanza 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBBFFA49F7D2527FD30F8CD" blockId="5.[264,1325,719,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
At least
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49FD92527FDCAF9B4" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[412,558,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49FD92527FDCAF9B4" box="[412,558,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be quite rare at one of our study sites. Only one out of
<specimenCount id="F7C3C595FFBBFFA49F4D250FFEACF9DC" box="[264,328,1599,1625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="generic">
70
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49F69250FFEACF9DC" baseAuthorityName="Lanza" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[300,328,1599,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49F69250FFEACF9DC" box="[300,328,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">N.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
noctula captured during the summer at the roost entrance carried a single
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49AE9250FFEC7F904" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49AE9250FFEC7F904" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.. The higher proportion of one observed
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49D5D2557FC87F904" box="[792,867,1639,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49D5D2557FC87F904" box="[792,867,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cimex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
per inspected bat at the second study site in
<collectingCountry id="99D24E8CFFBBFFA49F1B25BFFE55F92D" box="[350,433,1679,1705]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Greece</collectingCountry>
occurred already during migrating time, when females had been already present in the area (Schunger, own data) and might have introduced their parasites. Based on the data available at present,
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49CC825EFFCB5F97C" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[653,849,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49CC825EFFCB5F97C" box="[653,849,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cimex dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be seen as a vagrant species that does not form a stable population on the local resident bat populations, but arrives occasionally, transferred by migrating bats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFBBFFA79F7D2467FD3EFC65" blockId="5.[264,1325,719,1905]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,284,1873]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The position of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49FB82467FD02F8F4" authority="Simov &amp; Ivanova &amp; Schunger, 2006" authorityName="Simov &amp; Ivanova &amp; Schunger" authorityYear="2006" box="[509,742,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49FB82467FD02F8F4" box="[509,742,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cimex emarginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8826F75FFBBFFA49CB52467FCAAF8F5" box="[752,846,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the genus
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFBBFFA49DBF2467FBA1F8F4" box="[1018,1093,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFBBFFA49DBF2467FBA1F8F4" box="[1018,1093,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cimex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear (for the main characteristics of species groups in the genus
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79D34222CFC58FEB1" box="[881,956,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79D34222CFC58FEB1" box="[881,956,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see Usinger [1966]). The new species is similar in its chromosome formula to
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79D792274FBBCFEDA" authority="Barber" authorityName="Barber" authorityYear="1939" box="[828,1112,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjunctus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79D792274FBE5FED9" box="[828,1025,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex adjunctus</emphasis>
Barber
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79AD42274FE18FE02" authority="Usinger &amp; Ueshima" authorityName="Usinger &amp; Ueshima" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79AD42274FACFFED9" box="[1169,1323,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex brevis</emphasis>
Usinger &amp; Ueshima
</taxonomicName>
from the
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79C38225CFCA0FE01" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[637,836,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosellus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79C38225CFCA0FE01" box="[637,836,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex pilosellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ group (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79DF6225CFB8CFE02" author="Ueshima, N." box="[947,1128,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="183 - 237" refId="ref4338" refString="Ueshima, N. (1966) Cytology and Cytogenetics. In: Usinger R. L. (Ed.), Monograph of Cimicidae (Hemiptera - Heteroptera). Thomas Say Foundation, pp. 183 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1966">Ueshima 1966</bibRefCitation>
). Regarding the shape and hairiness of the paragenital sinus, the new species is similar to the
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79AD022A4FEA8FE51" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79AD022A4FEA8FE51" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ group (
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79FF2228CFD1BFE52" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[439,767,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79FF2228CFD6CFE51" box="[439,648,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex lectularius</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79D48228CFBAAFE52" authority="Jenyns" authorityName="Jenyns" authorityYear="1839" box="[781,1102,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbarius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79D48228CFC10FE51" box="[781,1012,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex columbarius</emphasis>
Jenyns
</taxonomicName>
) and to the
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79AA5228CFE6EFE79" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemipterus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79AA5228CFE6EFE79" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex hemipterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group (
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79FAF22D4FCAEFE7A" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[490,842,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemipterus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79FAF22D4FD5AFE79" box="[490,702,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex hemipterus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79D1022D4FBC0FE79" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[853,1060,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79D1022D4FBC0FE79" box="[853,1060,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79A1B22D4FECEFDA1" authorityName="Jenyns" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbarius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79A1B22D4FECEFDA1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex columbarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79F97213CFD5AFDA1" authority="Simov &amp; Ivanova &amp; Schunger, 2006" authorityName="Simov &amp; Ivanova &amp; Schunger" authorityYear="2006" box="[466,702,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79F97213CFD5AFDA1" box="[466,702,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex emarginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8826F75FFB8FFA79C88213CFCCBFDA2" box="[717,815,524,550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the fewer autosomes (13 autosomal bivalents) and by the longer hind femora (ratio of length/ width of hind femur 3.4­4.1).
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79F4D216CFE03FDF1" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[264,487,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemipterus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79F4D216CFE03FDF1" box="[264,487,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex hemipterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the new species by the chromosome formula (2n= 28+
<date id="957B28DCFFB8FFA79F7021B4FE94FD26" box="[309,368,644,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
X
<subScript id="7D410C59FFB8FFA79F0E21A4FEB7FD26" attach="both" box="[331,339,660,674]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1</subScript>
X
<subScript id="7D410C59FFB8FFA79F2D21A4FE94FD26" attach="both" box="[360,368,660,674]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">2</subScript>
</date>
Y), by the smaller Y chromosome, and by the lower ratio of width to length of the pronotum (1.9­2.3).
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79FBD219FFD59FD4C" authorityName="Barber" authorityYear="1939" box="[504,701,687,712]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjunctus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79FBD219FFD59FD4C" box="[504,701,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex adjunctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79CB3219FFC74FD4C" authorityName="Usinger &amp; Ueshima" authorityYear="1965" box="[758,912,687,712]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79CB3219FFC74FD4C" box="[758,912,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the new species by the shape of paragenital sinus (rounded with bristles), by the smaller Y chromosome, by the longer bristles at edges of pronotum, and by the shorter hind femora (ratio of length/ width of hind femur 2.1­2.8). The species from the
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79D612017FC0CFCC4" authorityName="Jenyns" authorityYear="1839" box="[804,1000,807,832]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipistrelli">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79D612017FC0CFCC4" box="[804,1000,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex pipistrelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ group differ from the new species by the hairiness of the paragenital sinus (cleft and naked) and by the lower value of the ratio of width to length of the pronotum (2.0­2.5). A more detailed study on the bat parasitic true bugs in the regions adjacent to the Balkan peninsula could reveal a larger distribution of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79FD120F7FD9DFC64" authority="Simov &amp; Ivanova &amp; Schunger, 2006" authorityName="Simov &amp; Ivanova &amp; Schunger" authorityYear="2006" box="[404,633,967,992]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79FD120F7FD9DFC64" box="[404,633,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex emarginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8826F75FFB8FFA79C3A20F7FD3EFC65" box="[639,730,967,993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFB8FFA69F7D20DFFE04FD42" blockId="6.[264,1324,284,1873]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1324,284,710]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
On the other hand, this study confirmed the absence of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79D8F20DFFB7EFB8C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[970,1178,1007,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79D8F20DFFB7EFB8C" box="[970,1178,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cimex lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parasitizing bats in the Balkan Peninsula. The species was not found despite the survey of several thousand bats and their roosts.
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79C0F270FFD09FBDC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[586,749,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79C0F270FFD09FBDC" box="[586,749,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also absent from the Apennine (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79AD6270FFAC6FBDD" author="Lanza, B." box="[1171,1314,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref3740" refString="Lanza, B. (1999) I parassiti dei pipistrelli (Mammalia, Chiroptera) della fauna italiana. Monografie XXX, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 318 pp." type="book" year="1999">Lanza 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and the Iberian Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79C052757FCCEFB05" author="Zahn, A. &amp; Rupp, D." box="[576,810,1127,1153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="383 - 391" refId="ref4548" refString="Zahn, A. &amp; Rupp, D. (2004) Ectoparasite load in European vespertilionid bats. Journal of Zoology, London, 262, 383 - 391." type="journal article" year="2004">Zahn &amp; Rupp 2004</bibRefCitation>
). In recent times the species has been found parasitic on bats only in Central and Northern Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79DE627BFFBAAFB2D" author="Povolny, D." box="[931,1102,1167,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref4052" refString="Povolny, D. (1957) Kritische Studie der Bettwanzen (Het. Cimicidae) in der Tschechoslowakei. Folia Zoologica, 6 (20), 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1957">Povolný 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79A1827BFFE46FB55" author="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref4407" refString="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C. (1967) Sur deux Cimex (Insecta, Heteroptera), noveaux pour la faune francaise, parasites des chauves-souris. Annales de Parasitologie, Paris, 42, 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1967">Usinger &amp; Beaucournu 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79FF72787FDD0FB55" author="Roer, H." box="[434,564,1207,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="355 - 359" refId="ref4167" refString="Roer, H. (1969) Uber Vorkommen und Lebensweise von Cimex lectularius und Cimex pipistrelli (Heteroptera, Cimicidae) in Fledermausquartieren. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 4 (20), 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1969">Roer 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79C062787FCEFFB55" author="Gottschalk, C." box="[579,779,1207,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="143 - 147" refId="ref3214" refString="Gottschalk, C. (1970) Parasitologische Notizen zu thuringischen Fledermausen. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 30 (11), 143 - 147." type="journal article" year="1970">Gottschalk 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79D5E2787FBFAFB55" author="Kock, D. &amp; Aellen, V." box="[795,1054,1207,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="873 - 879" refId="ref3660" refString="Kock, D. &amp; Aellen, V. (1987) Cimicidae parasites de Chiroptera du Museum de Geneve (Insecta: Hemiptera). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 94, 873 - 879." type="journal article" year="1987">Kock &amp; Aellen 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79A682787FB28FB55" author="Morkel, C." box="[1069,1228,1207,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="38 - 48" refId="ref3774" refString="Morkel, C. (1999) Zum Vorkommen von an Fledermausen (Chiroptera) parasitierenden Bettwanzen der Gattung Cimex Linnaeus 1758 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) in Hessen. Hessische Faunistische Briefe, 18 (2 / 3), 38 - 48." type="journal article" year="1999">Morkel 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79A992787FEACFB7D" author="Kulzer, E." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="141 - 158" refId="ref3697" refString="Kulzer, E. (2002) 15 Jahre Beobachtungen in der Mausohr-Wochenstube von St. Michael in Entringen, Krs. Tubingen. Nyctalus (N. F.), Berlin, 8 (2), 141 - 158." type="journal article" year="2002">Kulzer 2002</bibRefCitation>
). In this area the main host,
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79CDB27EFFCAFFB7C" box="[670,843,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79CDB27EFFCA3FB7C" authority="myotis" box="[670,839,1247,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">Myotis myotis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
roosts in buildings during summer. The hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79F812637FD83FAA4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[452,615,1287,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79F812637FD83FAA4" box="[452,615,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
changed its host from bats to humans in the Pleistocene at the time when both hosts lived together in caves in the northern Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79A8C261FFEA2FAF5" author="Horvath, G." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="294 - 299" refId="ref3424" refString="Horvath, G. (1914) La distribution geographique des Cimicides et l'origine des punaises des list. IX e Congres International de Zoologie, Monaco, 294 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1914">Horváth 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79F112667FDC1FAF5" author="Kiritshenko, A. N." box="[340,549,1367,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref3594" refString="Kiritshenko, A. N. (1951) True bugs of the European part of the USSR (Hemiptera). Key and bibliography. In: Pavlovskii (Ed.), Keys to the Fauna of the USSR. 42. Publishing House of Academy of Scienses of the USSR, Moscow, Leningrad, 423 pp. [In Russian]." type="book" year="1951">Kiritshenko 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79C772667FD5AFAF5" author="Sailer, R. I." box="[562,702,1367,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="22 - 72" refId="ref4205" refString="Sailer, R. I. (1952) The bedbug. Pest Control, 20 (10), 22 - 72." type="journal article" year="1952">Sailer 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79C8E2667FC96FAF5" author="Povolny, D." box="[715,882,1367,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="53 - 59" refId="ref4084" refString="Povolny, D. (1962) Die wahrscheinlichen Richtungen und Wege der Entstehung des Parasitismus bei den Bettwanzen (Cimicidae) und die Frage der Eusynanthropie von Cimex lectularius als Menschenschmarotzer. Zeitschrift fur angewandte Zoologie, 49, 53 - 59." type="journal article" year="1962">Povolný 1962</bibRefCitation>
) cannot explain why bat­parasitizing
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79F4D264FFE4FFA1C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[264,427,1407,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79F4D264FFE4FFA1C" box="[264,427,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is absent from the Mediterranean nowadays. We favor the following scenario of an historical host shift of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79CF12697FCB3FA44" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[692,855,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79CF12697FCB3FA44" box="[692,855,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: The species was a parasite primarily linked to bats (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79FF326FFFDA8FA6D" author="Reuter, O. M." box="[438,588,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="325 - 364" refId="ref4128" refString="Reuter, O. M. (1913) Die Familie der Bett- oder Hauswanzen (Cimicidae), ihre Phylogenie, Systematik, Oekologie und Verbreitung. Zeitschrift fur wissenschlaftiche Insektenbiologie, 9, 325 - 364." type="journal article" year="1913">Reuter 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79C1C26FFFD1AFA6D" author="Horvath, G." box="[601,766,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="294 - 299" refId="ref3424" refString="Horvath, G. (1914) La distribution geographique des Cimicides et l'origine des punaises des list. IX e Congres International de Zoologie, Monaco, 294 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1914">Horváth 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79D4E26FFFC3FFA6D" author="Kiritshenko, A. N." box="[779,987,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref3594" refString="Kiritshenko, A. N. (1951) True bugs of the European part of the USSR (Hemiptera). Key and bibliography. In: Pavlovskii (Ed.), Keys to the Fauna of the USSR. 42. Publishing House of Academy of Scienses of the USSR, Moscow, Leningrad, 423 pp. [In Russian]." type="book" year="1951">Kiritshenko 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79DA226FFFB95FA6D" author="Sailer, R. I." box="[999,1137,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="22 - 72" refId="ref4205" refString="Sailer, R. I. (1952) The bedbug. Pest Control, 20 (10), 22 - 72." type="journal article" year="1952">Sailer 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79A3B26FFFAC1FA6D" author="Povolny, D." box="[1150,1317,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="53 - 59" refId="ref4084" refString="Povolny, D. (1962) Die wahrscheinlichen Richtungen und Wege der Entstehung des Parasitismus bei den Bettwanzen (Cimicidae) und die Frage der Eusynanthropie von Cimex lectularius als Menschenschmarotzer. Zeitschrift fur angewandte Zoologie, 49, 53 - 59." type="journal article" year="1962">Povolný 1962</bibRefCitation>
; Usinger 1966;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79FF326C7FD04F995" author="Usinger, R. L. &amp; Povolny, D." box="[438,736,1527,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="237 - 242" refId="ref4455" refString="Usinger, R. L. &amp; Povolny, D. (1966) The discovery of a possibly aboriginal population of the bed bug (Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Musei moraviae, 51, 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="1966">Usinger &amp; Povolný 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79CA826C7FC6BF995" author="Pericart, J." box="[749,911,1527,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref3865" refString="Pericart, J. (1972) Hemipteres Anthocoridae, Cimicidae et Microphysidae de l'Ouest-palearctique. In: Balachowsky, A. S. (Ed.), Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin mediterraneen 7. Masson &amp; Cie editeurs, Paris, 402 pp." type="book" year="1972">Péricart 1972</bibRefCitation>
), especially to
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79A7B26C7FB05F994" authority="myotis" box="[1086,1249,1527,1552]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79A7B26C7FB05F994" box="[1086,1249,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Myotis myotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79AB426C7FE61F9BD" author="Povolny, D." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref4052" refString="Povolny, D. (1957) Kritische Studie der Bettwanzen (Het. Cimicidae) in der Tschechoslowakei. Folia Zoologica, 6 (20), 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1957">Povolný 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79FD0252FFD11F9BD" author="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C." box="[405,757,1567,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref4407" refString="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C. (1967) Sur deux Cimex (Insecta, Heteroptera), noveaux pour la faune francaise, parasites des chauves-souris. Annales de Parasitologie, Paris, 42, 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1967">Usinger &amp; Beaucournu 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79D40252FFC63F9BD" author="Roer, H." box="[773,903,1567,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="355 - 359" refId="ref4167" refString="Roer, H. (1969) Uber Vorkommen und Lebensweise von Cimex lectularius und Cimex pipistrelli (Heteroptera, Cimicidae) in Fledermausquartieren. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 4 (20), 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1969">Roer 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79DD3252FFBBAF9BD" author="Gottschalk, C." box="[918,1118,1567,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="143 - 147" refId="ref3214" refString="Gottschalk, C. (1970) Parasitologische Notizen zu thuringischen Fledermausen. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 30 (11), 143 - 147." type="journal article" year="1970">Gottschalk 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79A2B252FFEA2F9E5" author="Kock, D. &amp; Aellen, V." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="873 - 879" refId="ref3660" refString="Kock, D. &amp; Aellen, V. (1987) Cimicidae parasites de Chiroptera du Museum de Geneve (Insecta: Hemiptera). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 94, 873 - 879." type="journal article" year="1987">Kock &amp; Aellen 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79F142577FE08F9E5" author="Morkel, C." box="[337,492,1607,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="38 - 48" refId="ref3774" refString="Morkel, C. (1999) Zum Vorkommen von an Fledermausen (Chiroptera) parasitierenden Bettwanzen der Gattung Cimex Linnaeus 1758 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) in Hessen. Hessische Faunistische Briefe, 18 (2 / 3), 38 - 48." type="journal article" year="1999">Morkel 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79FBD2577FD6AF9E5" author="Kulzer, E." box="[504,654,1607,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="141 - 158" refId="ref3697" refString="Kulzer, E. (2002) 15 Jahre Beobachtungen in der Mausohr-Wochenstube von St. Michael in Entringen, Krs. Tubingen. Nyctalus (N. F.), Berlin, 8 (2), 141 - 158." type="journal article" year="2002">Kulzer 2002</bibRefCitation>
). During the Pleistocene the present­day distribution area of
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79F6F255FFE28F90C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[298,460,1647,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79F6F255FFE28F90C" box="[298,460,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was unsuitable for the parasite and its host because of several ice ages. But
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79F7E25A7FE54F934" box="[315,432,1687,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79F7E25A7FE54F934" box="[315,432,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">M. myotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been known since the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe and later spread its range to the East (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB8FFA79C16258FFD0CF95D" author="Popov, V." box="[595,744,1727,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="159 - 240" refId="ref3971" refString="Popov, V. (2000) The small mammals (Mammalia: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) from Cave 16 and the paleoenvironmental changes during the Late Pleistocene. In: Kozlowski, J. K., Ginter, B. &amp; Laville, H. (Eds.), Temnata Cave, Excavation in Karlukovo Karst Area, Bulgaria. Volume 2. Jagellonian University, Cracow, pp. 159 - 240." type="book chapter" year="2000">Popov 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Most probably the relation between
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79AE6258FFECEF884" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79AE6258FFECEF884" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and humans dates from the late Pleistocene, when humans, bats, and bed bugs inhabited caves together in the Northern Mediterranean and Central Asia. At this period the climate of caves was dry and arid, being favorable for
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB8FFA79DCA2407FBCBF8D4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[911,1071,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB8FFA79DCA2407FBCBF8D4" box="[911,1071,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species negatively susceptible to high humidity (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69C26222CFCE2FEB2" author="Drenski, P." box="[611,774,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="63 - 96" refId="ref3109" refString="Drenski, P. (1928) Die in Bulgarien lebenden Wanzenarten (fam. Cimicidae - Hem.) und die Mittel zu Bekampfung derselben. Arbeiten der Bulgarischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 13, 63 - 96. [in Bulgarian, German summary]" type="journal article" year="1928">Drenski 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69D57222CFC51FEB2" author="Kemper, H." box="[786,949,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref3561" refString="Kemper, H. (1936) Die Bettwanze und ihre Bekampfung. Zeitschrift fur Kleintierkunde und Pelztierkunde &quot; Kleintier und Pelztier &quot;, 12 (3), 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1936">Kemper 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69D84222CFBB0FEB2" author="Omori, N." box="[961,1108,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="555 - 729" refId="ref3819" refString="Omori, N. (1941) Comparative studies on the ecology and physiology of common and tropical bed bugs, with special references to the reactions to temperature and moisture. Journal of the Medical Association of Formosa, 60, 555 - 729." type="journal article" year="1941">Omori 1941</bibRefCitation>
). Later, during the Holocene, the climate of caves in the northern Mediterranean became much more humid. At that time
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB9FFA69FD9225CFDD9FE01" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[412,573,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69FD9225CFDD9FE01" box="[412,573,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abandoned parasitization on bats still roosting in the now­unfavorable caves in the Balkans (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69C2822A4FCFDFE2A" author="Horacek, I." box="[621,793,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="163 - 169" refId="ref3368" refString="Horacek, I. (1983) Problems of cave dwelling of European bats and their environmental implications. In: Dinev, L (Ed.), Proceedings of European Regional Conference on Speleology, Sofia, vol. 1. Bulgarian Federation of Speleology, Sofia, pp. 163 - 169." type="book chapter" year="1983">Horáček 1983</bibRefCitation>
), and host­shifted to humans living in buildings which offered suitable climatic conditions for the bugs. In Central and Northern Europe
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB9FFA69F2122D4FDE0FE79" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[356,516,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69F2122D4FDE0FE79" box="[356,516,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
persisted as a parasite on
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69D7222D4FC05FE79" box="[823,993,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB9FFA69D7222D4FC39FE79" authority="myotis" box="[823,989,484,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">Myotis myotis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
because the roosts in buildings offer the climatic conditions favorable for the parasite (
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69DAB213CFAC2FDA2" author="Usinger, R. L. &amp; Povolny, D." box="[1006,1318,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="237 - 242" refId="ref4455" refString="Usinger, R. L. &amp; Povolny, D. (1966) The discovery of a possibly aboriginal population of the bed bug (Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Musei moraviae, 51, 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="1966">Usinger &amp; Povolný 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69F4D2104FDBBFDCA" author="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C." box="[264,607,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref4407" refString="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C. (1967) Sur deux Cimex (Insecta, Heteroptera), noveaux pour la faune francaise, parasites des chauves-souris. Annales de Parasitologie, Paris, 42, 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1967">Usinger &amp; Beaucournu 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69C292104FC73FDCA" author="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C." box="[620,919,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref4407" refString="Usinger, L. R. &amp; Beaucournu, J. - C. (1967) Sur deux Cimex (Insecta, Heteroptera), noveaux pour la faune francaise, parasites des chauves-souris. Annales de Parasitologie, Paris, 42, 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1967">Usinger &amp; Povolný 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69DE12104FBA4FDCA" author="Morkel, C." box="[932,1088,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="38 - 48" refId="ref3774" refString="Morkel, C. (1999) Zum Vorkommen von an Fledermausen (Chiroptera) parasitierenden Bettwanzen der Gattung Cimex Linnaeus 1758 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) in Hessen. Hessische Faunistische Briefe, 18 (2 / 3), 38 - 48." type="journal article" year="1999">Morkel 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="855473EDFFB9FFA69A082104FB00FDCA" author="Kulzer, E." box="[1101,1252,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="141 - 158" refId="ref3697" refString="Kulzer, E. (2002) 15 Jahre Beobachtungen in der Mausohr-Wochenstube von St. Michael in Entringen, Krs. Tubingen. Nyctalus (N. F.), Berlin, 8 (2), 141 - 158." type="journal article" year="2002">Kulzer 2002</bibRefCitation>
). This scenario might be an adequate explanation for the recent absence of bat­parasitic
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB9FFA69A80216CFEA8FD19" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectularius">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69A80216CFEA8FD19" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">C. lectularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Mediterranean and the existence of bat­parasitic populations of the species in Central Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFB9FFA69F4D2014FE1EFCBA" blockId="7.[264,506,804,830]" box="[264,506,804,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69F4D2014FE1EFCBA" bold="true" box="[264,506,804,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFB9FFA69F4D205FFD49FB85" blockId="7.[264,1325,879,1025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
We thank Dr. N. Spassov and Dr. M. Josifov for useful discussions on Pleistocenå environment and zoogeography of Heteroptera, and A. Gueorguieva, E. Papadatou, T. Pröhl, E. Tilova, I. Borisov, and C. Dietz for their valuable help in capturing the host bats of the parasitic
<taxonomicName id="26C5759FFFB9FFA69F0820D7FE7CFB84" box="[333,408,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69F0820D7FE7CFB84" box="[333,408,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Cimex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species presented here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9DF5D97FFB9FFA69F4D276EFE1BFB7C" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E17A0E1CFFB9FFA69F4D276EFE74FBFC" blockId="7.[264,400,1118,1144]" box="[264,400,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="D3B1D20EFFB9FFA69F4D276EFE74FBFC" bold="true" box="[264,400,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">References</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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(
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<title id="93C1E52AFFB9FFA69C192791FC4EFB5C" jopScore="0.288251" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 1. Review of bat distribution and taxonomy of bats in Turkey</title>
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