177 lines
16 KiB
XML
177 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A795476547671D84024ECB5659B592C5">Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F64AEC7C2984504413F762C6F39B0F8">Griesbaum, Frederic</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9787321E3001F6C356C5A4C144F866D4">Hirschfeld, Mareike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5828D7823F18358077F0352298C7D482">F. Barej, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0FD2C2C3EF12E92D9E0761A668726A3B">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBA3DEB11F673242DFDE74DCC85AD74A">Rohrmoser, Mariam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D080F36B8958721EDC29BA71B315FE01">Dahmen, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C545A9A5A268885AB4CA2D1D52166CB7">Muehlberger, Fabian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DF7FAF6E7E9C52B1B24618C3F4BDBBE">Christoph Liedtke, H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17FA8F1B137310B3ED722E453FBE305F">L. Gonwouo, Nono</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="173B864BB870C763E5119099F73A84D5">Doumbia, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="746B3075CA97CB4FD5D74E8B14EAB544">Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4C2B31978D714A8CFE65D5B87900F1B6">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ACDCE2BAA673733FF5854A530439135E">
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<mods:date id="5A4E4B528740420D0EC7BFC953A63D82">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1A284C92E07707B6149D534BB68C39B2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CF3F92FD6CDABA8AE979D745D351D515">95</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7023DFFB5013261AE4792BE7F5C5B028">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="675679226C76FE59ED9832223F013F6E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="58DC3F064A70148F3272C3252391AC64" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="585C4E7C2B144E2E6ABB099B8D57453D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40D3B7B156EE392DB9AC9403C52F2CD6" type="ZooBank">3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4B080E6F322DA17E2DA0E9567E6E92EA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156108986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B080E6F322DA17E2DA0E9567E6E92EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B080E6F322DA17E2DA0E9567E6E92EA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection id="F58E7811EA9EF3F40CAEF2EB04FF0004" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CF438E75866805D3CAB07139D3E1E3D4" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="6D9B3C66249C070B6DB18E84494C8E21" ID-CoL="J642" authority="Werner, 1898" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1898" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus diadematus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadematus">Astylosternus diadematus Werner, 1898</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4C20FF4BBD75EEA10FAC343E9DB578F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C3E416E147F60E801C8613406B53CD67" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2CAD7F836460FA746F98E74111AAA237" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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ZMB 82799 (GenBank MK318845), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Nkikok, 1328 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="29741DB6966E11A3D58FD184C14FF69A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.092917">5°5'34.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3D9A230AB2B36DA4713349A7613170C3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.817722">9°49'3.8"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 8 September 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82870 (GenBank MK318846), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba,
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<normalizedToken id="89CB28706E182A6927F68D8038F1CD14" originalValue="M’Bourouko">M'Bourouko</normalizedToken>
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, 1459 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="411B067736E2B516EABD6AFD8B652983" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.067633">5°4'3.48"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5B35D38201F56757427CA3B4AC46D86B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.865617">9°51'56.22"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 December 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 88345, 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 621 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="E198F029692C76A138F423BF1460F0D2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.1364694">5°8'11.29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FE43DC02C2C7B1708B8EAC1A751EBB7E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.077064">9°4'37.43"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 9 May 2014, leg. F.
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<normalizedToken id="A11F257F0AB7E74074E414BC984EADD9" originalValue="Mühlberger">Muehlberger</normalizedToken>
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; ZMB 88346, 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 36, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 502 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="CB4C31DC60ED92A9FFB0ED0C2E216B8F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.1268086">5°7'36.51"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="258394E44DB5B1909D343C6FDC3D87B2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.069303">9°4'9.49"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 May 2014, leg. F.
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<normalizedToken id="9FC9DDBB1471D91DF0753413FD30640B" originalValue="Mühlberger">Muehlberger</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C0ED976CCFEC0D7C98C0F42D7A86AA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">The two specimens from Mount Manengouba were caught in medium-sized streams in gallery forest; the Korup specimens were from small creeks in rainforest. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82799 and ZMB 88346. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with two adults from Mount Nlonako, Cameroon (ZFMK 81585 and ZFMK 81702; GenBank MK318847, MK318848). The uncorrected pairwise p-difference between the tadpoles and between the tadpoles and the adults ranged from 0.2-0.7% (1-3 bp).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3C7925412725B4DDD5D096E810BCF0B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E5B25899FFAE66198132F0F4593D4B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73F9699FFB000805BF2D6DD42728AE88" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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Long robust tadpole with muscular tail (Fig. 3); body oval in dorsal and lateral view; snout rounded in dorsal view, slightly more pointed in lateral view; body length approximately 0.3 (32.8-32.9%, N = 2) of total length; body height 46.7
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<normalizedToken id="29AE9814EDE9E2667543E3BEBA6CF7FC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.5% of body length;
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<pageBreakToken id="969254B71B5F3ED5B19594D65038AFCD" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" start="start">body</pageBreakToken>
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width 60.7
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<normalizedToken id="A41C64CBE25ABB493710E5D3FAE13E5D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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7.8% of body length; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, eye diameter 11.5
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<normalizedToken id="31B1B3CAAF49AE96EF1902A107B1C566" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.0% of body length; nostrils positioned dorsolaterally, closer to snout tip than to eyes; inter-nostril distance 70.9
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<normalizedToken id="DDF191C9A34F5CEB17D80685BA7ACB6D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.5% of interorbital distance; tail fins narrow, dorsal and ventral fin originating from tail base, ventral fin height 67.7
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<normalizedToken id="6A8F7E4242F7390E13842F689F637B3E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.2% smaller than dorsal fin height; highest part of tail axis approximately in the middle of the tail; body height 82.2-85.7% (N = 2) of maximum tail height; tail axis width 47.4
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<normalizedToken id="A6E666F1F34C79BA9E017A84145A45BC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.8% of body width; tail axis height 69.8
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<normalizedToken id="DD7CB71AE62AB56A7FF3AEC02C587354" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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5.4% of maximum tail height; tail tip pointed; vent tube dextral; body with large lateral sacs, extending from spiracle to end of body; short spiracle, sinistral; mouth ventral, very close to snout, narrower than interorbital distance; keratodont formula 1:2+2/2+2:1; anterior lip only with lateral papillae and large rostral gap; posterior lip with two rows of around 20 papillae, central papillae long and narrow, papillae becoming smaller towards angles of the mouth (Fig. 3c); black jaw sheaths massive and serrated; upper jaw with a medial fang, lower jaw U-shaped with medial notch.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FC02BD2EE6EFDD86D996CE5CD22E30CF" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<paragraph id="A019CEC5DF33FF18CF3B5AAB369240DB" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="8F885D56D2232CCD0C11D4D5D3CAFE72" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus diadematus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadematus">Astylosternus diadematus</taxonomicName>
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tadpole (ZMB 88346) at Gosner stage 36; a lateral, and b dorsal view; c oral disc; d keratodont arrangement; black bars = 1 cm, white bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="20CE1D108EE223CEED767884DF458DD9" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">The largest tadpole (ZMB 88346, Gosner stage 36) had 72 mm total length (body length: 23 mm).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D2F63E09E213C354D9D05DF037900592" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="coloration in preservation">
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<paragraph id="D851662517346D6C365A1DF7AD147BE5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Coloration in preservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7864C4CFD605CEFA10573857C13AD420" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Brown to dark brown, dorsal surfaces darker, venter lighter and more grayish; flanks densely beset with diffuse and small brown spots; intensity of patterning deceases from back to vent; tail fins slightly transparent, dorsal fin with dark patterning, ventral fin with fewer dark spots.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6511A2B1546232547BC6F5B90D864DC1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="variation">
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<paragraph id="30A36488842DB755763C409E997D92D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5C71C72DD68FE38842DD951AD254D86" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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ZMB 88346 had a particularly high body (95.4% of maximum tail height) and a keratodont formula of 1:2+2/1+1:2.
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<bibRefCitation id="426052C415697E3A6995ADE491379E14" author="Channing, A" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt / M." pageId="20" pageNumber="153" title="Tadpoles of Africa - The biology and identification of all known tadpoles in sub-Saharan Africa." year="2012">Channing et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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report the keratodont formulae 3+3/2+2:1 and 3+3/1+1:2, as well as lighter coloration and less dark spots. The latter differences possibly are due to preservation differences.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |