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<mods:namePart id="F379A5B6773A0532C4A13B4FC3C12DCE">Cobo, M. Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="71E98DC4B9A4661280393E2063D9266D">Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physycal Antrhopology, University of Santiago de Compostela. Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s / n. Campus Vida. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. &amp; Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama. 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. &amp; kmkocot @ ua. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8673 - 2688</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="906B2F3F3601DF5DFBAE6D45E0A0725D">Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama. 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. &amp; kmkocot @ ua. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8673 - 2688</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156DFB7770FC0EFB87" bold="true" box="[151,987,1086,1113]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">
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diversity in the abyss and adaptations to the deep sea
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<subSubSection id="EE806566F45590156DFB77C9FCA3F8F4" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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Formal descriptions of
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species have only been made for specimens from the South Atlantic Basins sampled during DIVA expeditions, six species in the present work and one species recently described by
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4559015682D77E5FEE4FB37" author="Cobo, M. C. &amp; Kocot, K. M." pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="103 - 189" refId="ref24090" refString="Cobo, M. C. &amp; Kocot, K. M. (2020) Micromenia amphiatlantica sp. nov.: first solenogaster (Mollusca, Aplacophora) with an amphi-Atlantic distribution and insight into abyssal solenogaster diversity. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 157, 103 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103189" type="journal article" year="2020">Cobo &amp; Kocot (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. The presence of
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and
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at abyssal depths has also been recorded from the North West Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156CEC77BDFDAAFAD3" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Brandt, A. &amp; Schwabe, E." box="[384,639,1267,1293]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="410" refId="ref23889" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Brandt, A., Schwabe, E. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. M. (2017) Abyssal Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Northwest pacific: scratching the surface of Deep-Sea diversity using integrative taxonomy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 410. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2017.00410" type="journal article" year="2017">
Bergmeier
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156F6D77BDFDE9FAD3" box="[513,572,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156FE177BDFD1DFAD3" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Haszprunar, G. &amp; Brandt, A. &amp; Saito, H. &amp; Kano, Y." box="[653,712,1267,1293]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="102 - 187" refId="ref23960" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Haszprunar, G., Brandt, A., Saito, H., Kano, Y. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. (2019) Of basins, plains and trenches: systematics and distribution of Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the Northwest Pacific. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102187" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
; Ostermair
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156E2377BDFC5CFAD3" box="[847,905,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2018). Previously, it was thought that abyssal species were endemic to a single oceanic basin (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156F8D7659FC24FAEF" author="Gil-Mansilla, E. &amp; Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V." box="[737,1009,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="1507 - 1515" refId="ref24470" refString="Gil-Mansilla, E., Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. (2009) A new genus and two new species of Simrothiellidae (Solenogastres: Cavibelonia) from the Abyssal Angola Basin. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (7), 1507 - 1515. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000666" type="journal article" year="2009">
Gil-Mansilla
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156E1B7659FC7AFAEF" box="[887,943,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156E977659FBE0FAEF" author="Gil-Mansilla, E. &amp; Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V." box="[1019,1077,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="233 - 244" refId="ref24538" refString="Gil-Mansilla, E., Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. (2011) A new genus and two new species of Cavibelonia (Mollusca: Solenogastres) from the Abyssal Angola Basin. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 52, 233 - 244." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4559015692D7659FAD5FAEF" author="Cobo, M. C. &amp; Pedrouzo, L. &amp; Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. &amp; Barrio, L. &amp; Cobo, F." box="[1089,1280,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="162" refId="ref24157" refString="Cobo, M. C., Pedrouzo, L., Garcia-Alvarez, O., Urgorri, V., Barrio, L. &amp; Cobo, F. (2013) Contribution to abyssal Angola Basin Solenogastres (Mollusca) with preliminary records of two species of the order Pholidoskespia. Acoreana, Supplement 8, 162." type="journal article" year="2013">
Cobo
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF455901569E87659FB69FAEF" box="[1156,1212,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, of the ten species of the
<collectingCountry id="DE8D767DF45590156CE87675FE03FA8B" box="[388,470,1339,1365]" name="Angola" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">Angola</collectingCountry>
Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156F467675FCEFFA8B" author="Gil-Mansilla, E. &amp; Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V." box="[554,826,1339,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="1507 - 1515" refId="ref24470" refString="Gil-Mansilla, E., Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. (2009) A new genus and two new species of Simrothiellidae (Solenogastres: Cavibelonia) from the Abyssal Angola Basin. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (7), 1507 - 1515. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000666" type="journal article" year="2009">
Gil-Mansilla
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156FAD7675FD2CFA8B" box="[705,761,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156E287675FCABFA8B" author="Gil-Mansilla, E. &amp; Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V." box="[836,894,1339,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="233 - 244" refId="ref24538" refString="Gil-Mansilla, E., Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. (2011) A new genus and two new species of Cavibelonia (Mollusca: Solenogastres) from the Abyssal Angola Basin. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 52, 233 - 244." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156EE57675FC10FA8B" author="Gil-Mansilla, E. &amp; Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V." box="[905,965,1339,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="2" refId="ref24586" refString="Gil-Mansilla, E., Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. (2012) Three new species of Kruppomenia (Solenogastres: Simrothiellidae) from the abyssal Angola Basin. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (2), 349 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315411001275" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
; Cobo &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF455901569427675FB61FA8B" author="Kocot, K. M. &amp; Todt, C. &amp; Mikkelsen, N. &amp; Halanych, K." box="[1070,1204,1339,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="20190115" refId="ref25180" refString="Kocot, K. M., Todt, C., Mikkelsen, N. &amp; Halanych, K. (2019) Phylogenomics of Aplacophora (Mollusca, Aculifera) and a solenogaster without a foot. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286 (1902), 20190115. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2019.0115" type="journal article" year="2019">Kocot 2019</bibRefCitation>
), one may have been found by
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156C697611FDD2FAA7" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Brandt, A. &amp; Schwabe, E." box="[261,519,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="410" refId="ref23889" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Brandt, A., Schwabe, E. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. M. (2017) Abyssal Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Northwest pacific: scratching the surface of Deep-Sea diversity using integrative taxonomy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 410. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2017.00410" type="journal article" year="2017">
Bergmeier
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156CEE7611FE69FAA7" box="[386,444,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
(2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156F787611FD9BFAA7" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Haszprunar, G. &amp; Brandt, A. &amp; Saito, H. &amp; Kano, Y." box="[532,590,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="102 - 187" refId="ref23960" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Haszprunar, G., Brandt, A., Saito, H., Kano, Y. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. (2019) Of basins, plains and trenches: systematics and distribution of Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the Northwest Pacific. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102187" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
) in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (NW Pacific) and the abyssal species
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF455901568187611FE65FA43" authorityName="Cobo &amp; Kocot" authorityYear="2020" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Micromenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphiatlantica">
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF455901568187611FE65FA43" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">Micromenia amphiatlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an amphi-Atlantic distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156E5276CDFBF0FA43" author="Cobo, M. C. &amp; Kocot, K. M." box="[830,1061,1411,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="103 - 189" refId="ref24090" refString="Cobo, M. C. &amp; Kocot, K. M. (2020) Micromenia amphiatlantica sp. nov.: first solenogaster (Mollusca, Aplacophora) with an amphi-Atlantic distribution and insight into abyssal solenogaster diversity. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 157, 103 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103189" type="journal article" year="2020">Cobo &amp; Kocot 2020</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, habitus and sclerites of some of the species treted in the present work have a great resemblance to specimens from the Northwest Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156DF37685FE40FA3B" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Haszprunar, G. &amp; Brandt, A. &amp; Saito, H. &amp; Kano, Y." box="[159,405,1483,1509]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="102 - 187" refId="ref23960" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Haszprunar, G., Brandt, A., Saito, H., Kano, Y. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. (2019) Of basins, plains and trenches: systematics and distribution of Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) in the Northwest Pacific. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102187" type="journal article" year="2019">
Bergmeier
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156C717685FE83FA3B" box="[285,342,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
and
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156CA07685FD36FA3A" box="[460,739,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">personal communication</emphasis>
). Molecular data from Atlantic species would be desirable for comparison.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45590156DAB755DFCA3F8F4" blockId="30.[151,1437,1159,1834]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">
It does not appear that the new abyssal
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45590156F15755DFCDBF9F3" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Alvarez &amp; Salvini-Plawen" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[633,782,1555,1581]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Dondersiidae</taxonomicName>
species have organs or characters representing exclusively special adaptations to these abyssal environments whereas species from hydrothermal vents do have special adaptions (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156DB17515FE10F9AB" author="Handl, C. H. &amp; Todt, C." box="[221,453,1626,1653]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24759" refString="Handl, C. H. &amp; Todt, C. (2005) Foregut glands of Solenogastres (Mollusca): anatomy and revised terminology. Journal of Morphology, 265, 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10336" type="journal article" year="2005">Handl &amp; Todt, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156CBD7515FD10F9AB" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[465,709,1627,1653]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="223 - 238" refId="ref26155" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (2008) Three new species of Simrothiellidae (Solenogastres) associated with the hot-vent biotope. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 74 (3), 223 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyn 010" type="journal article" year="2008">Salvini-Plawen, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) as do interstitial species (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156E9C7515FAC3F9AB" author="Morse, M. P. &amp; Scheltema, A. H." box="[1008,1302,1627,1653]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="447 - 450" refId="ref25454" refString="Morse, M. P. &amp; Scheltema, A. H. (1988) Aplacophora. In: Higgins, R. P. &amp; Thiel, H. (Eds.), Introduction to the study of Meiofauna. Smithsonian Press, Washington, pp. 447 - 450." type="book chapter" year="1988">Morse &amp; Scheltema 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4559015684F7512FE89F947" author="Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. &amp; Cristobo, F. J." pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref24387" refString="Garcia-Alvarez, O., Urgorri, V. &amp; Cristobo, F. J. (2000) Synopsis of the interstitial Solenogastres (Mollusca). Argonauta, 14 (2), 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="2000">
García-Álvarez
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156DB17531FEC2F947" box="[221,279,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156C057531FD98F947" author="Kocot, K. M. &amp; Todt, C." box="[361,589,1663,1689]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="3007 - 3031" refId="ref25125" refString="Kocot, K. M. &amp; Todt, C. (2014) Three new meiofaunal solenogaster species (Mollusca: Aplacophora) from the north-east Pacific. Journal of Natural History, 48 (45 - 48), 3007 - 3031. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2014.961987" type="journal article" year="2014">Kocot &amp; Todt 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156F367531FC8CF944" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Haszprunar, G. &amp; Todt, C." box="[602,857,1663,1690]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="613 - 639" refId="ref23812" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Haszprunar, G., Todt, C. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. M. (2016) Lost in a taxonomic Bermuda Triangle: comparative 3 D-microanatomy of cryptic mesopsammic Solenogastres (Mollusca). Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 16 (3), 613 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 016 - 0266 - 6" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bergmeier
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156FB57531FCC6F947" box="[729,787,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). However, a posterior gland of unknown function has been described in
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45590156CFC75EDFD11F963" authority="Cobo &amp; Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo &amp; Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[400,708,1699,1725]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Inopinatamenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="calamitosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156CFC75EDFD11F963" box="[400,708,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">Inopinatamenia calamitosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45590156FA775EDFCDDF963" box="[715,776,1699,1725]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45590156E5375EDFB35F963" authority="(Klink et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Klink" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[831,1248,1698,1725]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Dondersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="todtae">
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156E5375EDFBD6F963" box="[831,1027,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">Dondersia todtae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4559015697E75EDFB0DF963" author="Klink, S. P. &amp; Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Neusser, T. P." box="[1042,1240,1698,1725]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="603 - 618" refId="ref24957" refString="Klink, S. P., Bergmeier, F. S., Neusser, T. P. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. M. (2015) Stranded on a lonely island: Description of Dondersia (?) todtae sp. nov., the first shelf solenogaster (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Azores. Acoreana, 10 (4), 603 - 618." type="journal article" year="2015">
Klink
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF4559015693775EDFB41F963" box="[1115,1172,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This sort of cell grouping is considered characteristic of interstitial species (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156E287586FBABF93F" author="Garcia-Alvarez, O. &amp; Urgorri, V. &amp; Cristobo, F. J." box="[836,1150,1735,1763]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref24387" refString="Garcia-Alvarez, O., Urgorri, V. &amp; Cristobo, F. J. (2000) Synopsis of the interstitial Solenogastres (Mollusca). Argonauta, 14 (2), 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="2000">
García-Álvarez
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156E917589FBEDF93F" box="[1021,1080,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). Such glands have been hypothesized to have an adhesive function (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156FE875A5FC7CF8DB" author="Morse, M. P. &amp; Scheltema, A. H." box="[644,937,1771,1797]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="447 - 450" refId="ref25454" refString="Morse, M. P. &amp; Scheltema, A. H. (1988) Aplacophora. In: Higgins, R. P. &amp; Thiel, H. (Eds.), Introduction to the study of Meiofauna. Smithsonian Press, Washington, pp. 447 - 450." type="book chapter" year="1988">Morse &amp; Scheltema 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156ED975A5FB7AF8DB" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[949,1199,1770,1797]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="101 - 108" refId="ref26040" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1985 b) New interstitial Solenogastres (Mollusca). Stygologia, 1 (1), 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1985">Salvini-Plawen 1985b</bibRefCitation>
) or to be responsible for secretion of mucus during egg-laying (
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45590156F1C7441FCBFF8F4" author="Bergmeier, F. S. &amp; Haszprunar, G. &amp; Todt, C." box="[624,874,1807,1834]" pageId="30" pageNumber="93" pagination="613 - 639" refId="ref23812" refString="Bergmeier, F. S., Haszprunar, G., Todt, C. &amp; J ˆ rger, K. M. (2016) Lost in a taxonomic Bermuda Triangle: comparative 3 D-microanatomy of cryptic mesopsammic Solenogastres (Mollusca). Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 16 (3), 613 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 016 - 0266 - 6" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bergmeier
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45590156F827441FCF3F8F7" box="[750,806,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>