364 lines
43 KiB
XML
364 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8B442C1C48C3003574952A6D33149745">The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="151B95CA20FD91B50D71F5055CA16BFA">Rosa, Cecilia Lozano De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B2AEFB444C39EC1AD622292211E4E7E">Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Laboratorio de Ecología Espacial, Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D0D5628B13F66CDED2C76141FFF7446" type="email">lozanoceci@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7A202D85D008DC0B3F13537F978443D1">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B16B3F9250BCA54BBBD4389D53CEE6F">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Currently at Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4AC250B1F5F887462640D483DF8F3E01" type="email">mcupello@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="804AAD14468756B50AC49E2213A0F8C0">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B17823C63F1CDC53FCB58572D0E6C69">Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6CC89F7072F6BA6D809DEAE36082A315" type="email">vazdemello@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BB66648215E5C75995B748163BA533C6">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A5BE28431AD4D905CCF181338C8720CE">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1D50766630E852D0EF0DFB7476A402C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13945867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D50766630E852D0EF0DFB7476A402C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D50766630E852D0EF0DFB7476A402C5" lastPageId="180" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
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<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30E852D6EF0DFB74731505D1" box="[538,1049,1235,1262]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="CE0E701C30E852D6EF0DFB74731505D1" box="[538,1049,1235,1262]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EF0DFB74731505D1" ID-CoL="4FSN3" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[538,1049,1235,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="meleagris" subSpecies="minos">
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<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EF0DFB74746C05D1" bold="true" box="[538,864,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Phanaeus meleagris minos</emphasis>
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Erichson, 1847
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="0DC2DBF530E852D6EFF1FB507441042E" box="[742,845,1271,1297]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="179.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[258,1238,277,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-12@179.[247,1341,265,1907]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="Fig. 67.Species distribution. A. Phanaeus hermes Harold, 1868.B. Phanaeus meleagris minos Erichson, 1847. Green diamond = CEMT collection data; black circle = literature data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13945651/files/figure.png" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Fig. 67B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30E852D6EDAAFA9F731807EE" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EDAAFA9F7576046D" author="Erichson W. F." box="[189,634,1336,1363]" page="106" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1847">
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<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EDAAFA9F7576046D" ID-CoL="4FSN3" authority="Erichson, 1847 a: 106" authorityName="Erichson" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,634,1336,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minos">
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<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDAAFA9F7671046D" box="[189,381,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Phanaeus minos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EC95FA9F7576046D" author="Erichson W. F." box="[386,634,1336,1363]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="67 - 185" refId="ref117813" refString="Erichson W. F. 1847 a. Conspectus insectorum coleopterorum quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 13: 67 - 185. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7251438 [accessed 14 Feb. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1847">Erichson, 1847a: 106</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description). Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6E930FA9E736D046C" box="[1063,1121,1337,1363]" name="Peru" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Peru</collectingCountry>
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||
: “Peruvian mountains”. Name-bearing type:
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<typeStatus id="4A4279D230E852D6ECCDFAFB754A0449" box="[474,582,1372,1398]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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(MFNB), designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EE7BFAFB733F0449" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[876,1075,1372,1398]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref117482" refString="Edmonds W. D. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 208079" type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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, not examined.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9546C77030E852D6EDAAFA3A747007B4" blockId="178.[189,1399,1437,1745]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30E852D6EDAAFA3A747007B4" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EDAAFA3A768F0488" ID-CoL="4FSN3" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,387,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minos">
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<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDAAFA3A768F0488" box="[189,387,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Phanaeus minos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6ECBCFA3A75AE0488" author="Harold E." box="[427,674,1437,1464]" page="1018" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1869">
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<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6ECBCFA3A75AE0488" author="Harold E." box="[427,674,1437,1464]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" refId="ref123629" refString="Harold E. 1869 d. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. E. H. Gummi, Munich. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9089" type="book" year="1869">Harold 1869d: 1018</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog, cited for
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<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6EE82FA3A74DC0488" box="[917,976,1437,1463]" name="Peru" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Peru</collectingCountry>
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);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EEFDFA3A73690487" author="Harold E." box="[1002,1125,1437,1464]" page="105" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EEFDFA3A73690487" box="[1002,1125,1437,1464]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1870">1870: 105</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cited as synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EDFDFA66767004E5" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[234,380,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
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<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDFDFA66767004E5" box="[234,380,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
). —
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<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6ECABFA67758304E4" author="Nevinson B. G." box="[444,655,1472,1499]" page="5" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1892">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6ECABFA67758304E4" author="Nevinson B. G." box="[444,655,1472,1499]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" refId="ref131974" refString="Nevinson B. G. 1892. Revised Synonymic List of Species in the Genera Phanӕus Macleay and Oxysternon Castelnau. Privately published, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9416" type="book" year="1892">Nevinson 1892: 5</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EE8DFA66732604E5" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[922,1066,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EE8DFA66732604E5" box="[922,1066,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6E97DFA67722704E4" author="Gillet J. J. E." box="[1130,1323,1472,1499]" page="84" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1911">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6E97DFA67722704E4" author="Gillet J. J. E." box="[1130,1323,1472,1499]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" refId="ref121235" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 48405679 [accesseed 16 Feb. 2024]." type="url" year="1911">Gillet 1911b: 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited as synonym of
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||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EC8DFA43752604C1" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[410,554,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
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||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EC8DFA43752604C1" box="[410,554,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EF71FA43747D04C1" author="d'Olsoufieff G." box="[614,881,1507,1534]" page="152" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1924">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EF71FA43747D04C1" author="d'Olsoufieff G." box="[614,881,1507,1534]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref134049" refString="d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides, Famille Scarabaeidae. Tr. Coprini Insecta. Revue Illustree d'Entomologie 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">d’Olsoufieff 1924: 152</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(synonym of
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||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6E905FA4373AE04C1" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[1042,1186,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6E905FA4373AE04C1" box="[1042,1186,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6E9CAFA43761A071E" author="Pessoa S. B." page="312" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1934">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6E9CAFA43761A071E" author="Pessoa S. B." pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="279 - 314" refId="ref135808" refString="Pessoa S. B. 1934. Contribuicao para o conhecimento das especies brasileiras do genero Phanaeus. Annales da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10 (3): 279 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 98039" type="journal article" year="1934">Pessôa 1934: 312</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(cited as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EF35F9AF75BE071E" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[546,690,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EF35F9AF75BE071E" box="[546,690,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EFE5F9A0730A071E" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[754,1030,1543,1569]" page="210" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1944">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EFE5F9A0730A071E" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[754,1030,1543,1569]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref111083" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 210</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6E9B8F9AF7233071E" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[1199,1343,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6E9B8F9AF7233071E" box="[1199,1343,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EDFBF98D76C0077B" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[236,460,1578,1604]" page="31" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EDFBF98D76C0077B" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[236,460,1578,1604]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref117482" refString="Edmonds W. D. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 208079" type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds 1994: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EFCFF98C7464077B" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[728,872,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EFCFF98C7464077B" box="[728,872,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EEBFF98D7378077B" author="Vitolo A." box="[936,1140,1578,1604]" page="284" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EEBFF98D7378077B" author="Vitolo A." box="[936,1140,1578,1604]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="277 - 318" refId="ref141259" refString="Vitolo A. 2004. Escarabajos estercoleros de la tribu Phanaeini de Colombia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae). In: Fernandez F., Andrade M. G. & Amat G. D. (eds) Insectos de Colombia 3: 277 - 318. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota." type="book chapter" year="2004">Vítolo 2004: 284</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EDFBF9E976770758" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[236,379,1613,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDFBF9E976770758" box="[236,379,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6ECAEF9EA74180757" author="Hamel-Leigue A. & Herzog S. K. & Mann D. J. & Larsen T. H. & Gill B. D. & Edmonds W. D. & Spector S." box="[441,788,1613,1640]" page="65" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6ECAEF9EA74180757" author="Hamel-Leigue A. & Herzog S. K. & Mann D. J. & Larsen T. H. & Gill B. D. & Edmonds W. D. & Spector S." box="[441,788,1613,1640]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref122950" refString="Hamel-Leigue A., Herzog S. K., Mann D. J., Larsen T. H., Gill B. D., Edmonds W. D., Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hamel-Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EF7CF9E975A90758" box="[619,677,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 65
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6E90CF9E973A70758" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[1051,1195,1613,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6E90CF9E973A70758" box="[1051,1195,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6E9FEF9EA769D07B4" author="Edmonds W. D. & Zidek J." page="3" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6E9FEF9EA769D07B4" author="Edmonds W. D. & Zidek J." pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref117698" refString="Edmonds W. D. & Zidek J. 2012. Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 274: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">Edmonds & Zídek 2012: 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 6, 11 (cited as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EFCCF9D6746007B5" ID-CoL="6V9BP" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[731,876,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EFCCF9D6746007B5" box="[731,876,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030E852D6EDAAF933731807EE" blockId="178.[189,1399,1437,1745]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30E852D6EDAAF933731807EE" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E852D6EDAAF93375C20792" ID-CoL="4FSN3" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,718,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="meleagris" subGenus="Notiophanaeus" subSpecies="minos">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDAAF933763D0791" box="[189,305,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Phanaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EC52F93376FB0791" box="[325,503,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Notiophanaeus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EF1DF93375C20792" box="[522,718,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">meleagris minos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EFE7F93374C70791" author="Arnaud P." box="[752,971,1683,1710]" page="85" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EFE7F93374C70791" author="Arnaud P." box="[752,971,1683,1710]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" refId="ref109736" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, England." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud 2002b: 85</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key, diagnosis). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6E9DCF933769607EE" author="Carvajal V. & Villamarin S. & Ortega A. M." page="322" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6E9DCF933769607EE" author="Carvajal V. & Villamarin S. & Ortega A. M." pageId="178" pageNumber="179" refId="ref113831" refString="Carvajal V., Villamarin S. & Ortega A. M. 2011. Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales Generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Carvajal
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6E82EF933727B0791" box="[1337,1399,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011: 322–323
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6EF02F910757007EE" box="[533,636,1719,1745]" name="Ecuador" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130E852D6EFA3F910748507EE" author="Krajcik M." box="[692,905,1719,1745]" page="204" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130E852D6EFA3F910748507EE" author="Krajcik M." box="[692,905,1719,1745]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref126632" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X Supplement 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">Krajcik 2012: 204</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30E852D6EDAAF95F727B067E" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030E852D6EDAAF95F76A6062D" blockId="178.[189,426,1784,1810]" box="[189,426,1784,1810]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<heading id="CE0E701C30E852D6EDAAF95F76A6062D" bold="true" box="[189,426,1784,1810]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDAAF95F76A6062D" bold="true" box="[189,426,1784,1810]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030E852D6EDAAF880727B067E" blockId="178.[189,1399,1830,1857]" box="[189,1399,1830,1857]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2591CD2D30E852D6EDAAF880727F067E" box="[189,1395,1830,1857]" collectingDate="1990-08" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="J. Blanco" country="Venezuela" location="Tanquelnos via Chorro del Indio" municipality="Tanquelnos" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Tachira">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6EDAAF8807667067E" box="[189,363,1831,1857]" name="Venezuela" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
‒
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EC92F88176E4067E" bold="true" box="[389,488,1830,1857]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="573D099230E852D6EC92F88176E4067E" box="[389,488,1830,1857]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Táchira</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF930E852D6EF17F8807554067E" box="[512,600,1831,1857]" count="2" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="generic">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="902691AB30E852D6EF74F88074EC067E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D50766630E852D0EF0DFB7476A402C5:902691AB30E852D6EF74F88074EC067E" box="[611,992,1831,1857]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Tanquelnos" name="Tanquelnos via Chorro del Indio" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" stateProvince="Tachira">Tanquelnos vía Chorro del Indio</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="E147E1B030E852D6EEFEF8807364067E" box="[1001,1128,1831,1857]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" value="1990-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F103185830E852D6EEFEF8807364067E" box="[1001,1128,1831,1857]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" value="1990-08">Aug. 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="380CA2A630E852D6E964F88073D3067E" box="[1139,1247,1831,1857]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">J. Blanco</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F3E85FB530E852D6E837F880727F067E" box="[1312,1395,1831,1857]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30E852D0EDAAF8CF769D006E" lastPageId="180" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030E852D6EDAAF8CF765A06BD" blockId="178.[189,342,1896,1922]" box="[189,342,1896,1922]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<heading id="CE0E701C30E852D6EDAAF8CF765A06BD" bold="true" box="[189,342,1896,1922]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E852D6EDAAF8CF765A06BD" bold="true" box="[189,342,1896,1922]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030E852D6EDAAF83075A9068E" blockId="178.[189,677,1943,1969]" box="[189,677,1943,1969]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6EDAAF8307638068E" box="[189,308,1943,1969]" name="Colombia" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6EC28F83076B7068E" box="[319,443,1943,1969]" name="Venezuela" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6ECD1F8307526068E" box="[454,554,1943,1969]" name="Ecuador" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030E852D6EF70F83075AD068E" box="[615,673,1943,1969]" name="Peru" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C18697F830E952D7EDAAF80C733206D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13945651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13945651/files/figure.png" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" startId="179.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[258,1238,277,1811]" targetPageId="179">
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030E952D7EDAAF80C733206D7" blockId="179.[187,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E952D7EDAAF80C761406FA" bold="true" box="[189,280,1963,1989]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Fig. 67.</emphasis>
|
||
Species distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E952D7EF19F80C752F06FA" bold="true" box="[526,547,1963,1989]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E952D7EF25F80C74AC06FA" authority="Harold, 1868" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[562,928,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E952D7EF25F80C740C06FA" box="[562,768,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Phanaeus hermes</emphasis>
|
||
Harold, 1868
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E952D7EEBFF80C74B006FA" bold="true" box="[936,956,1963,1989]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330E952D7EEDDF80C77F506D7" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="meleagris" subSpecies="minos">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230E952D7EEDDF80C720E06FA" box="[970,1282,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Phanaeus meleagris minos</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Green diamond = CEMT collection data; black circle = literature data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030EE52D0EDAAFEAF76EE001C" blockId="180.[189,482,264,291]" box="[189,482,264,291]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<heading id="CE0E701C30EE52D0EDAAFEAF76EE001C" bold="true" box="[189,482,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0EDAAFEAF76EE001C" bold="true" box="[189,482,264,291]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
|
||
Subregion of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030EE52D0EC73FEAE76EE001C" box="[356,482,265,291]" name="Venezuela" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030EE52D0EDAAFE90769D006E" blockId="180.[189,401,311,337]" box="[189,401,311,337]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Andes mountains.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30EE52D0EDAAFEDF759A00FE" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030EE52D0EDAAFEDF769500AC" blockId="180.[189,409,376,403]" box="[189,409,376,403]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<heading id="CE0E701C30EE52D0EDAAFEDF769500AC" bold="true" box="[189,409,376,403]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0EDAAFEDF769500AC" bold="true" box="[189,409,376,403]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Literature record</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030EE52D0EDAAFE00759A00FE" blockId="180.[189,662,423,450]" box="[189,662,423,450]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0EDAAFE00769E00FD" author="Arnaud P." box="[189,402,423,450]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" refId="ref109736" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, England." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud 2002b: 85</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030EE52D0ECB5FE00752D00FE" box="[418,545,423,449]" name="Venezuela" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="573D099230EE52D0EF3CFE00758600FE" box="[555,650,423,449]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Táchira</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30EE52D0EDAAFE4E76A402C5" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030EE52D0EDAAFE4E7623033C" blockId="180.[189,303,489,515]" box="[189,303,489,515]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<heading id="CE0E701C30EE52D0EDAAFE4E7623033C" bold="true" box="[189,303,489,515]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0EDAAFE4E7623033C" bold="true" box="[189,303,489,515]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9546C77030EE52D0EDAAFDB076A402C5" blockId="180.[189,1401,535,1019]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
|
||
The microtaxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330EE52D0ECF3FDB074A2030E" authority="Blanchard, 1846" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[484,942,535,561]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0ECF3FDB075D5030E" box="[484,729,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Phanaeus meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0EFF1FDB074A2030E" author="Blanchard E." box="[742,942,535,561]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" pagination="153 - 168" refId="ref111318" refString="Blanchard E. 1846. [livraison 79: 153 - 168, pl. 28; livraison 80: 169 - 184, pl. 31]. In: Blanchard E. & Brulle G. A. 1835 - 1846. Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de L'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome Sixieme. 2. e partie: Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, and Ve. Lerrault, Strasbourg. [Both livraisons date from 1846. For details on the publication date of livraison 79, see Cupello et al. (2023 a: 89 - 90); the earliest evidence of publication of livraison 80 dates from 18 Dec. 1846 (Neal Evenhuis, pers. com. to MC, 3 Sep. 2019).]" type="journal article" year="1846">Blanchard, 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is disputed in the literature.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0E809FDB07616036B" author="Arnaud P." pageId="180" pageNumber="181" refId="ref109736" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, England." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud (2002b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the species to be divided into two subspecies, a northern one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330EE52D0E980FD9C76780348" authority="Erichson, 1846" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="meleagris" subSpecies="minos">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0E980FD9C7274036B" box="[1175,1400,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">P. meleagris minos</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1846
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ranging from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030EE52D0EF32FDFA75920348" box="[549,670,605,631]" name="Venezuela" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030EE52D0EFD2FDF975F70347" box="[709,763,606,632]" name="Peru" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and characterised primarily by its olive-brown dorsal colouration with some reddish sheen, and a southern one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330EE52D0EE61FD26738F03A5" box="[886,1155,640,666]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="meleagris" subSpecies="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0EE61FD26738F03A5" box="[886,1155,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">P. meleagris meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030EE52D0E837FD27727A03A5" box="[1312,1398,640,666]" name="Bolivia" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and distinct in its red pronotum and black elytra.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0EE1CFD0373320381" author="Edmonds W. D. & Zidek J." box="[779,1086,676,702]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref117698" refString="Edmonds W. D. & Zidek J. 2012. Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 274: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">Edmonds & Zídek (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, argued that this variation is not “consistent enough” (presumably in geographical terms and in discreteness), and so decided, after vacillating for a time, to treat the species as monotypic and the two names as synonyms. This followed the general view established by Harold (1870) and previously sponsored by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0E9FFFCAA76070274" author="d'Olsoufieff G." pageId="180" pageNumber="181" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref134049" refString="d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides, Famille Scarabaeidae. Tr. Coprini Insecta. Revue Illustree d'Entomologie 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">d’Olsoufieff (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0EC5EFC9775030274" author="Edmonds W. D." box="[329,527,816,843]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref117482" refString="Edmonds W. D. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 208079" type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
himself in their respective revisions of the genus. For the present work, we adopt the senior author’s, FZVM, preferred taxonomy,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0EE9FFCF373510251" author="Arnaud P." box="[904,1117,852,878]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" refId="ref109736" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, England." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud’s (2002b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the second author, MC, wishes to stress his uneasiness with the decision; he expresses his support for the Edmonds & Zídek monobasic classification drawing on the arguments introduced in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130EE52D0E902FC3D7217028B" author="Cupello M. & Ribeiro-Costa C. S. & Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[1045,1307,922,948]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" pagination="973 - 1034" refId="ref115758" refString="Cupello M., Ribeiro-Costa C. S. & Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2021 b. The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society [detached version]: 1 - 62. [Volume-integrated version published in March 2022, volume 194 (3): 973 - 1034.] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 015" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Cupello
|
||
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230EE52D0E96DFC3C73BA028B" box="[1146,1206,922,948]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
against subspecific classifications built upon geographical races (instead of one based on geographical isolates, as he would prefer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |