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<mods:title id="F802576AA729E45EE3ACD43741FDAD20">The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="43AEEEBFB6151DF45CFF2C53CB5070B0">Rosa, Cecilia Lozano De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0596AE7B9F8C81EEA16F055DB012D858">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8288F6506536CBD036CF19F16CF01D9">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Currently at Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A36E6ABEEE7D3F521FA9598699C15E16" type="email">mcupello@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6150BB9A7E0A3B54646DEF5B114A4D84">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DF631EF5019DCCF474784BAC90B65600">Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="42339F0DFC8E95544F3ADDE53A9B352D">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14154576" ID-GBIF-Taxon="246297752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14154576" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB303D5203EF59FDDC74E903A9" box="[590,997,635,662]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EF59FDDC74E903A9" blockId="103.[590,997,635,697]" box="[590,997,635,662]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="CE0E701C303D5203EF59FDDC74E903A9" box="[590,997,635,662]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EF59FDDC74E903A9" ID-CoL="35NCJ" authority="(Olivier, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[590,997,635,662]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EF59FDDC743C03AA" bold="true" box="[590,816,635,662]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Dichotomius nisus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE28FDDC74D103A9" author="Olivier G. A." box="[831,989,635,662]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref133896" refString="Olivier G. A. 1789. N ° 3. Scarabe. Scarabaeus. In: Olivier G. A. 1789. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des insectes, avec leurs caracteres generiques et specifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur figure enluminee. Coleopteres. Tome Premier. Baudouin, Paris. [Publication date following Bousquet (2016).] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61905" type="book" year="1789">Olivier, 1789</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB303D5203EFF1FD3874410386" box="[742,845,671,697]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EFF1FD3874410386" blockId="103.[590,997,635,697]" box="[742,845,671,697]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<figureCitation id="0DC2DBF5303D5203EFF1FD3874410386" box="[742,845,671,697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="102.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[280,1305,278,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-18@102.[268,1320,265,1913]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Fig. 41. Species distribution.A. Dichotomius mamillatus (Felsche, 1901).B. Dichotomius nisus (Olivier, 1789). Green diamond = CEMT collection data; black circle = literature data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13945577/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB303D5203EDAAFD4773C807B7" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFD4773D50221" blockId="103.[189,1399,736,939]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFD4773D50221" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EDAAFD47756F03C5" author="Olivier G. A." box="[189,611,736,762]" page="139" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1789">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFD47756F03C5" ID-CoL="79W88" authority="Olivier, 1789: 139" authorityName="Olivier" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1789" box="[189,611,736,762]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFD47768403C5" box="[189,392,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Scarabaeus nisus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC98FD47756F03C5" author="Olivier G. A." box="[399,611,736,762]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref133896" refString="Olivier G. A. 1789. N ° 3. Scarabe. Scarabaeus. In: Olivier G. A. 1789. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des insectes, avec leurs caracteres generiques et specifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur figure enluminee. Coleopteres. Tome Premier. Baudouin, Paris. [Publication date following Bousquet (2016).] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61905" type="book" year="1789">Olivier, 1789: 139</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description). Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203E903FD4773C803C5" box="[1044,1220,736,762]" name="French Guiana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
. Name-bearing type:
<typeStatus id="4A4279D2303D5203EC3CFCA4769B0222" box="[299,407,771,797]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(MNHN), designated by
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EFD4FCA474D90222" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[707,981,771,797]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EFD4FCA474D90222" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[707,981,771,797]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref113864" refString="Cassenote S., Valois M., Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. 2020. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) nisus (Olivier, 1719) and Dichotomius (Selenocopris) superbus (Felsche, 1901). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64 (3): 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1806 - 9665 - rbent- 2020 - 0007" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cassenote
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EE54FCA374720222" box="[835,894,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, examined by FZVM.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFC80727B025B" blockId="103.[189,1399,736,939]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFC80727B025B" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EDAAFC807588027E" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[189,644,806,833]" page="11" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1922">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFC807588027E" ID-CoL="77LCF" authority="Luederwaldt, 1922: 11" authorityName="Luederwaldt" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1922" box="[189,644,806,833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbei">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFC807661027F" box="[189,365,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pinotus garbei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC61FC817588027E" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[374,644,806,833]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref128643" refString="Luederwaldt H. 1922. Neue brasilianische Pinotus - Arten. Revista do Museu Paulista 13: [2] - 11." type="journal volume" year="1922">Luederwaldt, 1922: 11</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description). Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203E950FC8173F7027F" box="[1095,1275,806,832]" name="French Guiana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
: Cayenne. Name-bearing type:
<typeStatus id="4A4279D2303D5203ECCAFCED7545025B" box="[477,585,842,868]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(MZSP), designated by
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EE70FCED7378025B" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[871,1140,842,868]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE70FCED7378025B" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[871,1140,842,868]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref113864" refString="Cassenote S., Valois M., Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. 2020. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) nisus (Olivier, 1719) and Dichotomius (Selenocopris) superbus (Felsche, 1901). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64 (3): 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1806 - 9665 - rbent- 2020 - 0007" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cassenote
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EEF5FCED7311025B" box="[994,1053,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, examined by FZVM.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFCC972170295" blockId="103.[189,1399,736,939]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFCC972170295" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EDAAFCC9743F02B8" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[189,819,877,903]" page="303" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFCC9743F02B8" ID-CoL="7Z9H7" authority="Luederwaldt, 1931 b: 303" authorityName="Luederwaldt" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,819,877,903]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="taunay" variety="pilosus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFCC9766302B8" box="[189,367,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pinotus taunay</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203ECBBFCCA76F302B8" box="[428,511,877,903]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">pilosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EF1FFCCA743F02B8" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[520,819,877,903]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="297 - 304" refId="ref128781" refString="Luederwaldt H. 1931 b. Novos subsidios para o conhecimento do genero Pinotus. Revista de Entomologia 1 (3): 297 - 304." type="journal article" year="1931">Luederwaldt, 1931b: 303</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description). Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203E9E5FCCA723202B8" box="[1266,1342,877,903]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D0992303D5203E85DFCCA763F0295" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
: “Alto da Serra”. Name-bearing type:
<typeStatus id="4A4279D2303D5203EFE3FC3774570295" box="[756,859,912,938]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by monotypy (MZSP), not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFC75742F0530" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFC75742F0530" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFC75765902D4" ID-CoL="7VDLM" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,341,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFC75765902D4" box="[189,341,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Copris nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EC6BFC76755A02D4" author="Olivier G. A." box="[380,598,977,1004]" page="166" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1790">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC6BFC76755A02D4" author="Olivier G. A." box="[380,598,977,1004]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 368" refId="ref133979" refString="Olivier G. A. 1790. [livraison 41: 1 - 368]. In: Olivier G. A. 1790 - 1791. Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Tome cinquieme. Paris, Panckoucke. [Publication date following Bousquet 2016.] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82248" type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier 1790: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, characteristics). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EE86FC76737A02D3" author="Fabricius J. C." box="[913,1142,977,1004]" page="44" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1801">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE86FC76737A02D3" author="Fabricius J. C." box="[913,1142,977,1004]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref118644" refString="Fabricius J. C. 1801. Systema eleutheratorum, secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiel [Kiliae]. [Publication date following Bousquet 2016.]" type="journal volume" year="1801">Fabricius 1801: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EDFDFC5275840530" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[234,648,1013,1039]" page="2239" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EDFDFC5275840530" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[234,648,1013,1039]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="2231 - 2351" refId="ref133607" refString="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Cephagonus) Luederwaldt 1929 and the taxonomic status of remaining Dichotomius Hope 1838 subgenera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini). Journal of Natural History 53 (37 - 38): 2231 - 2351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1692088" type="journal article" year="2019">Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 2239</bibRefCitation>
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(comments).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFBBF7341050D" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" box="[189,1101,1048,1074]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFBBF7341050D" box="[189,1101,1048,1074]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFBBF750F050D" ID-CoL="7VDLM" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,515,1048,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus" subGenus="Selenocopris">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFBBF7601050D" box="[189,269,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Copris</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EC09FBBF76BA050D" box="[286,438,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Selenocopris</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203ECD0FBBE750F050D" box="[455,515,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EF37FBBF75E5050D" author="Burmeister H." box="[544,745,1048,1074]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1846">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EF37FBBF75E5050D" author="Burmeister H." box="[544,745,1048,1074]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1838 - 1846" refId="ref113031" refString="Burmeister H. 1846. Genera quaedam insectorum iconibus illustravit et descripsit: Copris, Heliocopris, Pelidnota, Trichius, Clastocnemis, Trigonopeltastes. In: Burmeister H. 1838 - 1846. Genera quaedam insectorum iconibus illustravit et descripsit. Volumen I. Continet tabulas XL. Privately published, Berlin [Berolini], unpaginated. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8144" type="book chapter" year="1846">Burmeister 1846</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
: unpaged [p. 93 of 220] (key).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFB9B739D05A4" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFB9B739D05A4" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFB9B7651056A" box="[189,349,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFB9B7651056A" box="[189,349,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pinotus nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EC96FB9C756F056A" author="Harold E." box="[385,611,1083,1109]" page="141" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC96FB9C756F056A" author="Harold E." box="[385,611,1083,1109]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="46 - 70" refId="ref123583" refString="Harold E. 1869 c. Ueber Coprophage Lamellicornien mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pariser Sammlungen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 46 - 70. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 16069721 [accessed 16 Feb. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1869">Harold 1869c: 141</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, revision). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EE59FB9C733A056A" author="Candeze E." box="[846,1078,1083,1109]" page="330" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE59FB9C733A056A" author="Candeze E." box="[846,1078,1083,1109]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref113476" refString="Candeze E. 1891. Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Decembre 1887 - Avril 1888), 15 e Memoire (1). Coleopteres - Lamellicornes determines par le Dr E. Candeze. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 60: [329] - 332. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 32547689 [accessed 14 Feb. 2024]." type="journal volume" year="1891">Candèze 1891: 330</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E9A6FB9C727A056A" author="Gillet J. J. E." box="[1201,1398,1083,1109]" page="61" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E9A6FB9C727A056A" author="Gillet J. J. E." box="[1201,1398,1083,1109]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref121235" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 48405679 [accesseed 16 Feb. 2024]." type="url" year="1911">Gillet 1911b: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, cited for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203ECF7FBF975320547" box="[480,574,1118,1144]" name="Guyana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EF5CFBF9759A0547" box="[587,662,1118,1144]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EFB6FBF974170547" box="[673,795,1118,1144]" name="Argentina" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Argentina</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EE42FBF973650547" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[853,1129,1118,1144]" page="369" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE42FBF973650547" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[853,1129,1118,1144]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="365 - 370" refId="ref128618" refString="Luederwaldt H. 1914. Biologia de varias especies de Pinotus de Sao Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista 9: 365 - 370." type="journal article" year="1914">Luederwaldt 1914: 369</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(comments);
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E819FBF9727A0547" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[1294,1398,1118,1144]" page="84" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E819FBF9727A0547" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[1294,1398,1118,1144]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="603 - 775" refId="ref128687" refString="Luederwaldt H. 1929. As especies brasileiras do genero Pinotus, com algumas consideracoes tambem sobre outras especies. Revista do Museu Paulista 16: 603 - 775." type="journal article" year="1929">1929: 84</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key, comments, cited for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EF0AFB26756605A4" box="[541,618,1153,1179]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EFB5FB2674B805A3" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[674,948,1153,1180]" page="207" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EFB5FB2674B805A3" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[674,948,1153,1180]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref111083" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 207</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFB0274AC0580" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" box="[189,928,1189,1215]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFB0274AC0580" box="[189,928,1189,1215]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFB0276670580" ID-CoL="77LCF" authorityName="Luederwaldt" authorityYear="1922" box="[189,363,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbei">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFB0276670580" box="[189,363,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pinotus garbei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EC9FFB0275870580" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[392,651,1189,1215]" page="84" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC9FFB0275870580" author="Luederwaldt H." box="[392,651,1189,1215]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="603 - 775" refId="ref128687" refString="Luederwaldt H. 1929. As especies brasileiras do genero Pinotus, com algumas consideracoes tambem sobre outras especies. Revista do Museu Paulista 16: 603 - 775." type="journal article" year="1929">Luederwaldt 1929: 84</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EE38FB0274830581" box="[815,911,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EE38FB0274830581" box="[815,911,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">D. nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAFB6F7558077D" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAFB6F7558077D" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAFB6F757A05DD" ID-CoL="35NCJ" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[189,630,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAFB6F765F05DD" box="[189,339,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Dichotomius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EC71FB6F752405DD" box="[358,552,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Luederwaldtinia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EF2DFB6E757A05DD" box="[570,630,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EF8EFB6F748F05DD" author="Martinez A." box="[665,899,1224,1251]" page="140" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EF8EFB6F748F05DD" author="Martinez A." box="[665,899,1224,1251]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="138 - 142" refId="ref129742" refString="Martinez A. 1951. Notas coleopterologicas V. La invalidez del nombre generico Pinotus Erichson y dos nuevas sinonimias. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 152: 138 - 142." type="journal article" year="1951">Martínez 1951: 140</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E95AFB6F73F705DD" author="Roze J. A." box="[1101,1275,1224,1251]" page="44" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E95AFB6F73F705DD" author="Roze J. A." box="[1101,1275,1224,1251]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref137914" refString="Roze J. A. 1955. Lista preliminar de la familia Scarabaeidae sensu lato de Venezuela. Boletin del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 1 (1): 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="1955">Roze 1955: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EC01FB4C7698043A" box="[278,404,1259,1285]" name="Venezuela" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203ECDAFB4C743F043A" author="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G." box="[461,819,1259,1285]" page="98" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203ECDAFB4C743F043A" author="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G." box="[461,819,1259,1285]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 312" refId="ref122681" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12 - 14: 1 - 312." type="book chapter" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Matthews 1966: 98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EEEAFB4C73E1043A" author="Blanco J." box="[1021,1261,1259,1285]" page="40" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EEEAFB4C73E1043A" author="Blanco J." box="[1021,1261,1259,1285]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref111584" refString="Blanco J. 1988. Catalogo de los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera) coprofagos y necrofagos, del Estado Tachira. Venezuela. Revista Cientifica Unet 2 (1): 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1988">Blanco 1988: 4041</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203ECB5FAA975730417" author="Escobar F." box="[418,639,1294,1320]" page="208" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203ECB5FAA975730417" author="Escobar F." box="[418,639,1294,1320]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="197 - 210" refId="ref118039" refString="Escobar F. 2000. Diversidad y distribution de los escarabajos del estiercol (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia. In: Martin-Piera F., Morrone J. J. &amp; Melic A. (eds.) Hacia un proyecto CYTED para el Inventario y Estimacion de la Diversidad Entomologica en Iberoamerica: PRIBES- 2000: 197 - 210. m 3 m: Monografias Tercer Milenio, vol. 1. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (SEA), Zaragoza." type="book chapter" year="2000">Escobar 2000: 208</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EE3BFAA974A90417" box="[812,933,1294,1320]" name="Colombia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Colombia</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EECAFAA973F10417" author="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[989,1277,1294,1320]" page="193" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EECAFAA973F10417" author="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[989,1277,1294,1320]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="183 - 195" refId="ref140384" refString="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2000. Estado atual de conhecimentos dos Scarabaeidae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) do Brasil. In: Martin-Piera F., Morrone J. J. &amp; Melic A. (eds) Hacia un Proyecto CYTED para el Inventario y Estimacion de la Diversidad Entomologica en Iberoamerica: PRIBES- 2000: 183 - 195. m 3 m: Monografias Tercer Milenio vol. 1, Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (SEA), Zaragoza." type="book chapter" year="2000">Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EC02FA96766E0474" box="[277,354,1329,1355]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EC8EFA96756C0473" author="Krajcik M." box="[409,608,1329,1356]" page="54" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC8EFA96756C0473" author="Krajcik M." box="[409,608,1329,1356]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref126599" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma. X Supplement 3: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list);
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EFB8FA95741B0473" author="Krajcik M." box="[687,791,1330,1356]" page="91" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EFB8FA95741B0473" author="Krajcik M." box="[687,791,1330,1356]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref126632" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X Supplement 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">2012: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, cited for “Cayenne”). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E993FA96766D0450" author="Pulido-Herrera L. A. &amp; Zunino M." page="307" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E993FA96766D0450" author="Pulido-Herrera L. A. &amp; Zunino M." firstAuthor="Pulido-Herrera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref136342" refString="Pulido-Herrera L. A. &amp; Zunino M. 2007. Catalogo preliminar de los Onthophagini de America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeine [sic]). In: Zunino M. &amp; Melic A. (eds) Escarabajos, Diversidad y Conservacion Biologica. Ensayos en Homenaje a Gonzalo Halffter: 93 - 129. Monografias 3 ercer Milenio m 3 m Vol. 7, Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza." type="book" year="2007">
Pulido-Herrera
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203E82BFA95727B0474" box="[1340,1399,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2007: 307
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cited for Andean region of
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EFA4FAF274200450" box="[691,812,1365,1391]" name="Colombia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Colombia</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EE72FAF273000450" author="Feer F." box="[869,1036,1364,1391]" page="56" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE72FAF273000450" author="Feer F." box="[869,1036,1364,1391]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref118745" refString="Feer F. 2008. Responses of dung beetle assemblages to characteristics of rain forest edges. Ecotropica 14: 49 - 62." type="journal article" year="2008">Feer 2008: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 62 (ecology). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E9F4FAF2767D04AD" author="Larsen T. H. &amp; Lopera A. &amp; Forsyth A." page="1294" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E9F4FAF2767D04AD" author="Larsen T. H. &amp; Lopera A. &amp; Forsyth A." pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1288 - 1298" refId="ref127038" refString="Larsen T. H., Lopera A. &amp; Forsyth A. 2008. Understanding trait-dependent community disassembly: dung beetles, density functions, and forest fragmentation. Conservation Biology 22 (5): 1288 - 1298. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1523 - 1739.2008.00969. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Larsen
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203E82BFAF2727B0450" box="[1340,1399,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 1294
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203ECF1FADF748404AD" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Pulido-Herrera L. A." box="[486,904,1400,1426]" page="60" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203ECF1FADF748404AD" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Pulido-Herrera L. A." box="[486,904,1400,1426]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="55 - 62" refId="ref130761" refString="Medina C. A. &amp; Pulido-Herrera L. A. 2009. Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de la Orinoquia Colombiana. Biota Colombiana 10 (1 - 2): 55 - 62." type="journal article" year="2009">Medina &amp; Pulido-Herrera 2009: 60</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diversity). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E957FADF720504AD" author="Lozano C." box="[1088,1289,1400,1426]" page="86" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E957FADF720504AD" author="Lozano C." box="[1088,1289,1400,1426]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref128409" refString="Lozano C. 2010. Nuevos registros de escarabajos coprofagos para la Orchila, Sierra de Perija, Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas 44 (1): 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="2010">Lozano 2010: 86</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EDFCFA3C7539048A" author="Ferrer-Paris J. &amp; Sanchez-Mercado A. &amp; Rodriguez J. P." box="[235,565,1435,1461]" page="109" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EDFCFA3C7539048A" author="Ferrer-Paris J. &amp; Sanchez-Mercado A. &amp; Rodriguez J. P." box="[235,565,1435,1461]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="89 - 110" refId="ref119203" refString="Ferrer-Paris J. R, Sanchez-Mercado A. &amp; Rodriguez J. P. 2013. Optimizacion del muestreo de invertebrados tropicales: un ejemplo con escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) en Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 61 (1): 89 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 61 i 1.10941" type="journal article" year="2013">
Ferrer-Paris
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EC6AFA3B76B4048A" box="[381,440,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 109
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EFBFFA3B7334048A" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[680,1080,1435,1462]" page="411" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EFBFFA3B7334048A" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[680,1080,1435,1462]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="411 - 420" refId="ref133551" refString="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. 2013. New brachypterous species of Dichotomius Hope, with taxonomic notes in the subgenus Luederwaldtinia Martinez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 3609 (4): 411 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.4.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 411</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 413, 416418 (comments, fig. 2, key);
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<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EC68FA19750504E7" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[383,521,1470,1496]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="2231 - 2351" refId="ref133607" refString="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Cephagonus) Luederwaldt 1929 and the taxonomic status of remaining Dichotomius Hope 1838 subgenera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini). Journal of Natural History 53 (37 - 38): 2231 - 2351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1692088" type="journal article" year="2019">2019: 2238</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 2240 (comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EE08FA18731104E7" author="Franca F. M. &amp; Korasaki V. &amp; Louzada J. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[799,1053,1470,1497]" page="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EE08FA18731104E7" author="Franca F. M. &amp; Korasaki V. &amp; Louzada J. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[799,1053,1470,1497]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref119681" refString="Franca F. M., Korasaki V., Louzada J. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2016. First report on dung beetles in intra-Amazonian savannahs in Roraima, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 16 (1): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - BN- 2015 - 0034" type="journal article" year="2016">
França
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EE6FFA1874B904E7" box="[888,949,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 2
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 4 (list, comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E82DFA19768F04C3" author="Silva R. J. &amp; Storck-Tonon D. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." page="7" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E82DFA19768F04C3" author="Silva R. J. &amp; Storck-Tonon D. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." firstAuthor="Silva" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Conservation" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="549 - 564" part="20" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9885-7" refId="ref138928" refString="Silva R. J., Storck-Tonon D. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2016. Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) persistence in Amazonian forest fragments and adjacent pastures: biogeographic implications for alpha and beta diversity. Journal of Insect Conservation 20 (4): 549 - 564. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 016 - 9885 - 7" title="Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) persistence in Amazonian forest fragments and adjacent pastures: biogeographic implications for alpha and beta diversity" type="journal article" year="2016">
Silva
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDFBFA45762B04C4" box="[236,295,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 7
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</treatmentCitation>
(ecology, biogeography). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EFCEFA4674ED04C4" author="Giraldo C. &amp; Montoya S. &amp; Escobar F." box="[729,993,1505,1532]" page="68" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EFCEFA4674ED04C4" author="Giraldo C. &amp; Montoya S. &amp; Escobar F." box="[729,993,1505,1532]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref121556" refString="Giraldo C., Montoya S. &amp; Escobar F. 2018. Escarabajos del Estiercol en Paisajes Ganaderos de Colombia. Fundacion CIPAV, Cali, Colombia." type="book" year="2018">
Giraldo
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EE2EFA45747F04C4" box="[825,883,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2018: 68
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(guide). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203E979FA46765E0720" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3684699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3684699" author="Hielkema A. J. &amp; Hielkema M. A." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7FF1CFFF3FFD5FF48FF1C3598FA65" page="55" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203E979FA46765E0720" author="Hielkema A. J. &amp; Hielkema M. A." pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 306" refId="ref124225" refString="Hielkema A. J. &amp; Hielkema M. A. 2019. An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas. Insecta Mundi 732 (732): 1 - 306." type="journal article" year="2019">Hielkema &amp; Hielkema 2019: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue for the Guianas). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EFC3F9A2730D0720" author="Pardo-Diaz C. &amp; Lopera T. A. &amp; Pena S. A. &amp; Sarmiento-Garces R. &amp; Sanchez-Herrera M. &amp; Salazar C." box="[724,1025,1541,1567]" page="1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EFC3F9A2730D0720" author="Pardo-Diaz C. &amp; Lopera T. A. &amp; Pena S. A. &amp; Sarmiento-Garces R. &amp; Sanchez-Herrera M. &amp; Salazar C." box="[724,1025,1541,1567]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref134659" refString="Pardo-Diaz C., Lopera T. A., Pena S. A., Sarmiento-Garces R., Sanchez-Herrera M. &amp; Salazar C. 2019. Taxonomic reassessment of the genus Dichotomius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) through integrative taxonomy. PeerJ 7: e 7332. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 7332" type="journal volume" year="2019">
Pardo-Díaz
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EE73F9A274AC0720" box="[868,928,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 1
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</treatmentCitation>
, 5, 78, 1214 (comments). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EDFBF98F76E7077D" author="Nieto M. J. A. &amp; Giraldo E. C. &amp; Quevedo V. C. J. &amp; Chara J. &amp; Medina A. C." box="[236,491,1576,1602]" page="136" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EDFBF98F76E7077D" author="Nieto M. J. A. &amp; Giraldo E. C. &amp; Quevedo V. C. J. &amp; Chara J. &amp; Medina A. C." box="[236,491,1576,1602]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="134 - 141" refId="ref132145" refString="Nieto M. J. A., Giraldo E. C., Quevedo V. C. J., Chara J. &amp; Medina A. C. 2020. Escarabajos estercoleros asociados a sistemas de ganaderia sostenible en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 21: 134 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.21068 / c 2020. v 21 n 02 a 09" type="journal article" year="2020">
Nieto
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EC24F98E7662077D" box="[307,366,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 136
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(report).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAF9EC7325075A" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" box="[189,1065,1611,1638]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAF9EC7325075A" box="[189,1065,1611,1638]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAF9EC7685075A" ID-CoL="79W88" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[189,393,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAF9EC7685075A" box="[189,393,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Scarabaeus nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203ECB0F9EB7444075A" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[423,840,1611,1638]" page="2237" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203ECB0F9EB7444075A" author="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[423,840,1611,1638]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="2231 - 2351" refId="ref133607" refString="Nunes R. V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Cephagonus) Luederwaldt 1929 and the taxonomic status of remaining Dichotomius Hope 1838 subgenera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini). Journal of Natural History 53 (37 - 38): 2231 - 2351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1692088" type="journal article" year="2019">Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 2237</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 2239 (comments).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAF9C973C807B7" blockId="103.[189,1399,977,1673]" box="[189,1220,1646,1673]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E303D5203EDAAF9C973C807B7" box="[189,1220,1646,1673]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF3303D5203EDAAF9C9754507B7" ID-CoL="35NCJ" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[189,585,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisus" subGenus="Selenocopris">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAF9C9765F07B7" box="[189,339,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Dichotomius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EC73F9C976F007B7" box="[356,508,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Selenocopris</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EF1AF9C8754507B7" box="[525,585,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">nisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E161303D5203EF71F9C9749107B7" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[614,925,1646,1672]" page="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA81303D5203EF71F9C9749107B7" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[614,925,1646,1672]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref113864" refString="Cassenote S., Valois M., Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. 2020. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) nisus (Olivier, 1719) and Dichotomius (Selenocopris) superbus (Felsche, 1901). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64 (3): 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1806 - 9665 - rbent- 2020 - 0007" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cassenote
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EFF2F9C8741307B7" box="[741,799,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 26
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution, diagnosis).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB303D5203EDAAF90875C30600" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAF90876A607F6" blockId="103.[189,426,1711,1737]" box="[189,426,1711,1737]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="CE0E701C303D5203EDAAF90876A607F6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1711,1737]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAF90876A607F6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1711,1737]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAF97975C30600" blockId="103.[189,1399,1757,1855]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<materialsCitation id="2591CD2D303D5203EDAAF97973F507C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979307567" box="[189,1273,1758,1785]" collectingDate="2004-07-06" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="D. Garcia" country="Venezuela" elevation="50" location="Cuyagua" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Aragua">
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EDAAF979766707C7" box="[189,363,1758,1784]" name="Venezuela" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EC90F97976EA07C7" bold="true" box="[391,486,1758,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<collectingRegion id="573D0992303D5203EC90F97976EA07C7" box="[391,486,1758,1784]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Aragua</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF9303D5203ECE9F979755B07C6" box="[510,599,1758,1785]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">4 specs</specimenCount>
;
<location id="902691AB303D5203EF75F97975C207C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388:902691AB303D5203EF75F97975C207C7" box="[610,718,1758,1784]" country="Venezuela" name="Cuyagua" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Aragua">Cuyagua</location>
;
<elevation id="1ED42043303D5203EFCDF979745907C7" box="[730,853,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="50.0">
<quantity id="52016A95303D5203EFCDF979741A07C6" box="[730,790,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="E147E1B0303D5203EE75F97974EB07C7" box="[866,999,1758,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="2004-07-06">
<collectingDate id="F1031858303D5203EE75F97974EB07C7" box="[866,999,1758,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="2004-07-06">6 Jul. 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="380CA2A6303D5203EEE4F978736907C7" box="[1011,1125,1758,1785]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">D. García</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="F3E85FB5303D5203E9B1F97973F507C7" box="[1190,1273,1758,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">CEMT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="2591CD2D303D5203E80DF97A746E0623" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979307391" collectingDate="2004-05-15" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="D. Garcia" country="Venezuela" location="Rio Pargaza" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" specimenCode="CEMT" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bolivar">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203E80DF97A727A07C7" bold="true" box="[1306,1398,1757,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<collectingRegion id="573D0992303D5203E80DF97A727A07C7" box="[1306,1398,1757,1784]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF9303D5203EDD8F8A577F10623" box="[207,253,1794,1820]" count="1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="902691AB303D5203EC1BF8A676930623" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388:902691AB303D5203EC1BF8A676930623" box="[268,415,1793,1820]" country="Venezuela" name="Rio Pargaza" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Bolivar">Rio Pargaza</location>
;
<date id="E147E1B0303D5203ECBCF8A675400623" box="[427,588,1793,1820]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="2004-05-15">
<collectingDate id="F1031858303D5203ECBCF8A675400623" box="[427,588,1793,1820]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="2004-05-15">15 May 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="380CA2A6303D5203EF4EF8A575C00624" box="[601,716,1793,1820]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">D. Garcia</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="C55F6F0B303D5203EE18F8A5746E0623" box="[783,866,1794,1820]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">CEMT</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="2591CD2D303D5203EE93F8A775C70600" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979307539" collectingDate="1984-07-21" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="Joffre B." country="Venezuela" location="La Fria" municipality="La Fria" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tachira">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EE93F8A774EB0624" bold="true" box="[900,999,1792,1819]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<collectingRegion id="573D0992303D5203EE93F8A774EB0624" box="[900,999,1792,1819]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Táchira</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF9303D5203E915F8A5733D0623" box="[1026,1073,1794,1820]" count="1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF9303D5203E929F8A573600623" box="[1086,1132,1794,1820]" count="1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="902691AB303D5203E96CF8A573D80623" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388:902691AB303D5203E96CF8A573D80623" box="[1147,1236,1794,1820]" country="Venezuela" municipality="La Fria" name="La Fria" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Tachira">La Fría</location>
,
<location id="902691AB303D5203E9F6F8A676280600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D507666303D520CEF59FDDC76B40388:902691AB303D5203E9F6F8A676280600" country="Venezuela" municipality="La Fria" name="Hacienda La Libertad" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Tachira">Hacienda La Libertad</location>
;
<date id="E147E1B0303D5203EC27F88276CF0600" box="[304,451,1829,1855]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="1984-07-21">
<collectingDate id="F1031858303D5203EC27F88276CF0600" box="[304,451,1829,1855]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="1984-07-21">21 Jul. 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="380CA2A6303D5203ECC7F88275390600" box="[464,565,1829,1855]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Joffre B.</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="F3E85FB5303D5203EF6FF88275C70600" box="[632,715,1829,1855]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">CEMT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB303D520CEDAAF8C1768500A7" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAF8C1765A06BF" blockId="103.[189,342,1894,1920]" box="[189,342,1894,1920]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="CE0E701C303D5203EDAAF8C1765A06BF" bold="true" box="[189,342,1894,1920]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B62303D5203EDAAF8C1765A06BF" bold="true" box="[189,342,1894,1920]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C770303D5203EDAAF83273D40690" blockId="103.[189,1240,1941,1967]" box="[189,1240,1941,1967]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EDAAF83276380690" box="[189,308,1941,1967]" name="Colombia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EC28F83276B70690" box="[319,443,1941,1967]" name="Venezuela" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203ECD1F832757B0690" box="[454,631,1941,1967]" name="French Guiana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EF95F83275C10690" box="[642,717,1941,1967]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EFCEF832743E0690" box="[729,818,1941,1967]" name="Bolivia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EE29F83274A00690" box="[830,940,1941,1967]" name="Paraguay" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203EEA1F83273220690" box="[950,1070,1941,1967]" name="Argentina" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E0303D5203E97CF83273D80690" box="[1131,1236,1941,1967]" name="Uruguay" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C7703032520CEDAAFEAF76E1001C" blockId="104.[189,493,264,291]" box="[189,493,264,291]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="CE0E701C3032520CEDAAFEAF76E1001C" bold="true" box="[189,493,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B623032520CEDAAFEAF76E1001C" bold="true" box="[189,493,264,291]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
Subregions of
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEC78FEAE76E1001C" box="[367,493,265,291]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C7703032520CEDAAFE90768500A7" blockId="104.[189,1400,311,408]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
Coastal island, coastal mainland, Maracaibo Depression, System of hills and low sierras Lara-Falcón, System of hills and low piedmont mountains of the Guiana Shield, Andes mountains and Central
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CE822FEFD7274004B" box="[1333,1400,346,372]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Coast</collectingRegion>
Mountain Range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB3032520CEDAAFE1876B40388" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9546C7703032520CEDAAFE1876A800E6" blockId="104.[189,420,447,473]" box="[189,420,447,473]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="CE0E701C3032520CEDAAFE1876A800E6" bold="true" box="[189,420,447,473]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B623032520CEDAAFE1876A800E6" bold="true" box="[189,420,447,473]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Literature records</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C7703032520CEDAAFE4A76B40388" blockId="104.[189,1399,493,695]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CEDAAFE4A76A70337" author="Candeze E." box="[189,427,493,520]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref113476" refString="Candeze E. 1891. Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Decembre 1887 - Avril 1888), 15 e Memoire (1). Coleopteres - Lamellicornes determines par le Dr E. Candeze. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 60: [329] - 332. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 32547689 [accessed 14 Feb. 2024]." type="journal volume" year="1891">Candèze 1891: 330</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CECD7FE4A75330338" box="[448,575,493,519]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEF47FE4A75A80338" box="[592,676,493,519]" country="Venezuela" name="Falcon" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Falcón</collectingRegion>
: Corosal; and
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEE4AFE4A74D80338" box="[861,980,493,519]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
: San-Esteban). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CE9D7FE49727A0337" author="Roze J. A." box="[1216,1398,493,520]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref137914" refString="Roze J. A. 1955. Lista preliminar de la familia Scarabaeidae sensu lato de Venezuela. Boletin del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 1 (1): 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="1955">Roze 1955: 44</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEDD2FDB676480314" box="[197,324,529,555]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEC45FDB675030314" box="[338,527,529,555]" country="Venezuela" name="Distrito Capital" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Distrito Capital</collectingRegion>
: Caracas;
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEF9CFDB675E90314" box="[651,741,529,555]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Aragua</collectingRegion>
; and
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEE3EFDB674D10314" box="[809,989,529,555]" country="Venezuela" name="Nueva Esparta" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Nueva Esparta</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEEFCFDB673190314" box="[1003,1045,529,555]" name="Iceland" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Isla</collectingCountry>
Margarita). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CE9C1FDB6760B0371" author="Blanco J." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref111584" refString="Blanco J. 1988. Catalogo de los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera) coprofagos y necrofagos, del Estado Tachira. Venezuela. Revista Cientifica Unet 2 (1): 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1988">Blanco 1988: 4041</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEC00FD93769A0371" box="[279,406,564,590]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CECB5FD93750D0371" box="[418,513,564,590]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Táchira</collectingRegion>
). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CEF2CFD9374530371" author="Larsen T. H. &amp; Lopera A. &amp; Forsyth A." box="[571,863,564,590]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1288 - 1298" refId="ref127038" refString="Larsen T. H., Lopera A. &amp; Forsyth A. 2008. Understanding trait-dependent community disassembly: dung beetles, density functions, and forest fragmentation. Conservation Biology 22 (5): 1288 - 1298. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1523 - 1739.2008.00969. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Larsen
<emphasis id="A78D1B623032520CEF82FD9275C50371" box="[661,713,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 2008: 1294
</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEE67FD9374E30371" box="[880,1007,564,590]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEEECFD9373540371" box="[1019,1112,564,590]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
: Lago Guri). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CE808FD93762A034E" author="Lozano C." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref128409" refString="Lozano C. 2010. Nuevos registros de escarabajos coprofagos para la Orchila, Sierra de Perija, Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas 44 (1): 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="2010">Lozano 2010: 86</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEC21FDF076B9034E" box="[310,437,599,625]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CECD7FDF0750F034E" box="[448,515,599,625]" country="Venezuela" name="Zulia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Zulia</collectingRegion>
). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CEF2DFDF0748A034E" author="Ferrer-Paris J. &amp; Sanchez-Mercado A. &amp; Rodriguez J. P." box="[570,902,599,626]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="89 - 110" refId="ref119203" refString="Ferrer-Paris J. R, Sanchez-Mercado A. &amp; Rodriguez J. P. 2013. Optimizacion del muestreo de invertebrados tropicales: un ejemplo con escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) en Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 61 (1): 89 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 61 i 1.10941" type="journal article" year="2013">
Ferrer-Paris
<emphasis id="A78D1B623032520CEFDAFDFF740D034E" box="[717,769,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 2013: 109
</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEE81FDF07319034E" box="[918,1045,599,625]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CE909FDF07378034E" box="[1054,1140,599,625]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Aragua</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CE994FDF073E0034E" box="[1155,1260,599,625]" country="Venezuela" name="Guarico" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Guárico</collectingRegion>
]: Altagracia de Orituco). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CEC60FDDC756603AB" author="Franca F. M. &amp; Korasaki V. &amp; Louzada J. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[375,618,634,661]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref119681" refString="Franca F. M., Korasaki V., Louzada J. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2016. First report on dung beetles in intra-Amazonian savannahs in Roraima, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 16 (1): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - BN- 2015 - 0034" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEC60FDDC76CB03AA" box="[375,455,635,661]" name="France" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">França</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="A78D1B623032520CECD9FDDC750E03AB" box="[462,514,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 2016: 4
</bibRefCitation>
(Venezuelan dry forests and pastures). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA813032520CE94AFDDD727B03AB" author="Cassenote S. &amp; Valois M. &amp; Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F." box="[1117,1399,634,661]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref113864" refString="Cassenote S., Valois M., Maldaner M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. 2020. Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) nisus (Olivier, 1719) and Dichotomius (Selenocopris) superbus (Felsche, 1901). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64 (3): 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1806 - 9665 - rbent- 2020 - 0007" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cassenote
<emphasis id="A78D1B623032520CE9CCFDDC720303AB" box="[1243,1295,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 2020: 2
</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E03032520CEDD2FD3A76480388" box="[197,324,669,695]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D09923032520CEC58FD3A76A00388" box="[335,428,669,695]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>