561 lines
71 KiB
XML
561 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="C196E7EB3F270B6C0D07E29A1D98E144" ID-CLB-Dataset="298660" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12168227" ID-GBIF-Dataset="178ed053-7081-4927-96dd-277fa0d92e5e" ID-ISSN="0870-3876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168227" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718800477084" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Heemstra, P. C." docDate="1991" docId="03EC35277165FFD4FD57F737FC1CF74F" docLanguage="en" docName="BolMusMunFunchal.43.226.5-71.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal 43 (226)" docTitle="Epinephelus costae" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFD54D5F7170FFCDFFA6FFE7FFCCFFEA" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1718813564701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="25CA55E61FF99315845442A0B4E65006">A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="451570994D779D39B7E087A61406F936">Heemstra, P. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CEB908A3070A09A9EB176DEAEE549149">Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="01B5B670D82306C044E83089B517ACAF">
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<mods:date id="3D2B5A9871216330C99957F75639738A">1991</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B8A09139F529D90C9ABFEBFB8C305046">1991-08-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EC35277165FFD4FD57F737FC1CF74F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168052" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233229858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC35277165FFD4FD57F737FC1CF74F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC35277165FFD4FD57F737FC1CF74F" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7165FFD8FD57F737FB22F706" box="[753,1262,2255,2284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317165FFD8FD57F737FB22F706" blockId="21.[753,1262,2255,2318]" box="[753,1262,2255,2284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0B2335D7165FFD8FD57F737FB22F706" bold="true" box="[753,1262,2255,2284]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27165FFD8FD57F737FB22F706" ID-CoL="6G5N5" authority="(STEINDACHNER, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[753,1262,2255,2284]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
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<emphasis id="B93158237165FFD8FD57F737FC00F70C" bold="true" box="[753,972,2256,2284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">Epinephelus costae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07165FFD8FC47F737FB28F70F" author="STEINDACHNER, F." bookContentInfo="2 pls." box="[993,1252,2256,2284]" journalOrPublisher="Sber. Akai Wiss. Wien" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" pagination="379 - 392" part="77" refId="ref32048" refString="1878. Ichthyologische Beitrage. VI. Sber. Akai Wiss. Wien, 77 (1): 379 - 392, 2 pls." title="Ichthyologische Beitrage. VI." type="journal article" year="1878">STEINDACHNER, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7165FFD8FC3AF714FB88F6ED" box="[924,1092,2290,2318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317165FFD8FC3AF714FB88F6ED" blockId="21.[753,1262,2255,2318]" box="[924,1092,2290,2318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47165FFD8FC3AF714FB88F6ED" box="[924,1092,2290,2318]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[505,537,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[514,1465,1229,1611]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 8a - Epinephelus castae, 14 cm. SL, Italy, redrawn from DODERLEIN (1882) by E. HEEMSTRA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168245/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">Figs. 8a & 8b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7165FFDBFDA8F6D2FC7CF9B9" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317165FFD8FDA8F6D2FB77F680" blockId="21.[526,1492,2357,2440]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27165FFD8FDA8F6D2FD25F6A4" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1844" box="[526,745,2357,2382]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectrapoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237165FFD8FDA8F6D2FD25F6A4" box="[526,745,2357,2382]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">Plectrapoma fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07165FFD8FD49F6D1FCB3F6A2" author="COSTA, O. G." bookContentInfo="Pesci, Part 1, (published serially, 1829 - 53, 511 pp., 60 pls" box="[751,895,2358,2380]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" refId="ref27936" refString="COSTA, O. G.: 1836. Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enameraziane di tutti gli animali, Pesci, Part 1, (published serially, 1829 - 53, 511 pp., 60 pls)." title="Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enameraziane di tutti gli animali" type="book" year="1836">COSTA, 1836: 1</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 6 (type locality, Southern Italy; holotype not preserved; preoccupied in
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27165FFD8FD76F6B5FC87F681" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[720,843,2386,2411]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237165FFD8FD76F6B5FC87F681" box="[720,843,2386,2411]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27165FFD8FCD5F6B4FB63F680" authority="FORSSKAL, 1775" authorityName="FORSSKAL" authorityYear="1775" box="[883,1199,2384,2410]" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciata">
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<emphasis id="B93158237165FFD8FCD5F6B4FBCEF680" box="[883,1026,2386,2410]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">Perca fasciata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07165FFD8FBABF6B7FB63F680" author="FORSSKAL, P." box="[1037,1199,2384,2410]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" refId="ref28676" refString="FORSSKAL, P.: 1775. Descriptiones auimalium ... piscium ... in itinere orientali observavit. 164 pp. Molleri, Hauniae." type="book" year="1775">FORSSKAL, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317165FFDBFDA9F697FD56FBBD" blockId="21.[526,1492,2357,2440]" lastBlockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27165FFD8FDA9F697FC0AF668" authority="STEINDACHNER, 1878: 389" authorityName="STEINDACHNER" authorityPageNumber="389" authorityYear="1878" box="[527,966,2415,2437]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
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<emphasis id="B93158237165FFD8FDA9F697FD63F668" box="[527,687,2416,2435]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="26">Serranus costae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07165FFD8FD1FF688FC0AF668" author="STEINDACHNER, F." bookContentInfo="2 pls." box="[697,966,2415,2437]" journalOrPublisher="Sber. Akai Wiss. Wien" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" pagination="379 - 392" part="77" refId="ref32048" refString="1878. Ichthyologische Beitrage. VI. Sber. Akai Wiss. Wien, 77 (1): 379 - 392, 2 pls." title="Ichthyologische Beitrage. VI." type="journal article" year="1878">STEINDACHNER, 1878: 389</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type locality, Messina, Sicily, Italy; holotype at
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<heading id="D0B2335D7166FFDBFDE7FBD8FD56FBBD" allCaps="true" box="[577,666,1087,1111]" fontSize="9" level="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" reason="1">NMW?).</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD87FBBBFD54FB65" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD87FBBBFD30FB98" box="[545,764,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Serranas chıysotaenia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFCA0FBBCFC3FFB80" author="DODERLEIN, P." bookContentInfo="5 pls." box="[774,1011,1113,1135]" journalOrPublisher="G. Sci. nat. econ., Palermo" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="168 - 259" part="15" refId="ref28335" refString="DODERLEIN, P.: 1882. Rivista delle specie del genere Epinephelus Bloch o Cerna Bonap. riscontrate sinora nei mari della Sicilia. G. Sci. nat. econ., Palermo, 15: 168 - 259, 5 pls." title="Rivista delle specie del genere Epinephelus Bloch o Cerna Bonap. riscontrate sinora nei mari della Sicilia" type="book chapter" year="1882">DODERLEIN, 1882: 208</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 2,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47166FFDBFBE6FBBFFBB6FB83" box="[1088,1146,1112,1135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[524,556,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[542,1489,1321,1742]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4 - Epinephelus adscensionis, 17 cm. SL. Ascension Islands, from VAILLANT & BOCOURT, 1875." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168235/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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(type locality, Sicily; holotype not located).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD84FB72FBFEFB48" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" box="[546,1074,1169,1192]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD84FB72FD68FB4C" box="[546,676,1173,1190]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
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<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD84FB72FD68FB4C" box="[546,676,1173,1190]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Cerna costae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFD18FB73FC6FFB4E" author="DODERLEIN, P." bookContentInfo="5 pls." box="[702,931,1170,1191]" journalOrPublisher="G. Sci. nat. econ., Palermo" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="168 - 259" part="15" refId="ref28335" refString="DODERLEIN, P.: 1882. Rivista delle specie del genere Epinephelus Bloch o Cerna Bonap. riscontrate sinora nei mari della Sicilia. G. Sci. nat. econ., Palermo, 15: 168 - 259, 5 pls." title="Rivista delle specie del genere Epinephelus Bloch o Cerna Bonap. riscontrate sinora nei mari della Sicilia" type="book chapter" year="1882">DODERLEIN, 1882: 214</bibRefCitation>
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, P 1. 3,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47166FFDBFC54FB76FBE1FB48" box="[1010,1069,1169,1192]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[557,589,2338,2364]" captionTargetBox="[533,1482,1921,2306]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7 - Epinephelus coioides, 33 cm. SL, Persian Gulf, from photograph of J. E. RANDALL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168243/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD84FB56FA85FB54" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" box="[546,1353,1196,1223]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD84FB56FD17FB28" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[546,731,1200,1218]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alaxandrina">
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<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD84FB56FD17FB28" box="[546,731,1200,1218]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Cerna alaxandrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD4BFB52FCDFFB2B" box="[749,787,1205,1217]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">non</emphasis>
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||
VALENCIENNBS] I DODERLEXN, 1882: 221, Pl. 4,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47166FFDBFAAFFB4BFA88FB54" box="[1289,1348,1196,1219]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[611,643,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[540,1487,1201,1614]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 9 - Epinephelus goreensis, 20 cm. SL, Sénégal (7), from STEINDACHNER. 1882." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168253/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD86FB2BFC32FAA1" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD86FB2BFCEDFB34" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[544,801,1227,1252]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD86FB2BFCEDFB34" box="[544,801,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Epinephelus alexandrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFC97FB37FC9BFB36" box="[817,855,1232,1244]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">non</emphasis>
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VALENCIENNES!
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFBB4FB2EFB2BFB33" author="DODERLEIN, P." bookContentInfo="Palermo, Part 4: 1 - 188" box="[1042,1255,1224,1246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref28380" refString="1889. Manuale Ittiologico del Mediterranea ostia senossi metodica delle varie specie di pesei risconlrate sin qui nel Mediterranea ed in particolare nei mari di Sicilia. Palermo, Part 4: 1 - 188." title="Manuale Ittiologico del Mediterranea ostia senossi metodica delle varie specie di pesei risconlrate sin qui nel Mediterranea ed in particolare nei mari di Sicilia" type="book" year="1889">DODERLEIN, 1889: 71</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; JORDAN & EIGENMANN,] 1890: 358;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFD0BFB0FFC5CFB12" author="BOULENGER, G. A." bookContentInfo="Second edition, Taylor and Francis, London. 394 pp" box="[685,912,1255,1277]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27380" refString="1895. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. I. Second edition, Taylor and Francis, London. 394 pp." title="Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. I." type="book" year="1895">BOULENGER, 1895: 200</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; CADENA?, 1935: 396,
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||
<figureCitation id="137E98B47166FFDBFBD7FB03FB6AFB1C" box="[1137,1190,1252,1275]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[611,643,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[540,1487,1201,1614]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 9 - Epinephelus goreensis, 20 cm. SL, Sénégal (7), from STEINDACHNER. 1882." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168253/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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||
, 1951: 193, Fig. 126;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFADCFB03FD17FAFC" author="FURNESTIN, J & J. DARDIGNAC & C. MAURIN & A. COUPE & H. BOUTIERE" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="379 - 493" refId="ref28897" refString="FURNESTIN, J, J. DARDIGNAC, C. MAURIN, A. COUPE, & H. BOUTIERE: 1958. Donnees nouvelles sur les poissons du Maroc atlantique. Revue Trav. Inst. (scient. tech.) Pech. marit., Paris. 22 (4): 379 - 493, 7 S figs." type="journal article" year="1958">
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FURNESTIN
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<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFDE7FAEFFDA6FAFD" box="[577,618,1284,1303]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 1958: 432
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFD4EFAE3FCBCFAFE" author="BINI" bookContentInfo="163 pp." box="[744,880,1283,1305]" firstAuthor="BINI" page="67" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref26894" refString="BINI, G.: 1968. Atlante dei Pesci delle Caste Italiana. Vol. IV. Osreitti. Mondo Somirierso Editrice. Rome. 163 pp." title="Atlante dei Pesci delle Caste Italiana. Vol. IV. Osreitti. Mondo Somirierso Editrice. Rome." type="book" year="1968">BINI, 1968: 67</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFC0EFAE4FB4BFAF8" author="TORTONESE, E." bookContentInfo="Vol. I. UNESCO, Paris. xxii + 683 pp" box="[936,1159,1280,1302]" editor="J. - C. Hureau & Th. Monod" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="355 - 362" refId="ref32332" refString="1973. Serranidae. (pp. 355 - 362) in Check-list of the Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. J. - C. Hureau & Th. Monod, (eds). Vol. I. UNESCO, Paris. xxii + 683 pp." title="Serranidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Check-list of the Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean" year="1973">TORTONESE, 1973: 359</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFB31FAE7FB2BFAF8" author="TORTONESE, E." bookContentInfo="Bologna, Ed. Calderini. Fauna Italia, (11): i-xviii + 1 - 636" box="[1175,1255,1280,1298]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref32385" refString="1975. Osteichthyes, (Pesci ossei). Parte Seoonda. Bologna, Ed. Calderini. Fauna Italia, (11): i-xviii + 1 - 636." title="Osteichthyes, (Pesci ossei). Parte Seoonda." type="book" year="1975">1975: 66</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 25; 1986: 784, Figs.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFDE7FAC6FD77FAD8" author="SMITH, C. L." box="[577,699,1313,1334]" editor="W. Fischer & G. Bianchi & W. B. Scott" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref31807" refString="1981. Serranidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi & W. B. Scott (eds), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes: Eastern Central Atlantic Vol. 4. UN / FAO & Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada." title="Serranidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes: Eastern Central Atlantic Vol. 4. UN / FAO & Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada." year="1981">SMITH, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFD6AFAC6FC4DFADB" author="BIANCHI" box="[716,897,1312,1333]" firstAuthor="BIANCHI" page="42" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref26855" refString="BIANCHI, G.: 1986. Fichas FAO de Identificacao de Especies para propositos comerciais. Guia de campo" title="Fichas FAO de Identificacao de Especies para propositos comerciais. Guia de campo" type="book" year="1986">BIANCHI, 1986: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFC60FAF8FB6DFAC4" author="BAUCHOT" box="[966,1185,1309,1330]" editor="W. Fischer & M. - L. Bauchot & M. Schneider" firstAuthor="BAUCHOT" page="1309" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="891 - 1422" refId="ref26439" refString="BAUCHOT, M. - L.: 1987. Poissons Ossewc (pp. 891 - 1422) in Fiches FAO d ' identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche. (Revision 1). Mediterranee et mer Noire. Zone de peche 37. Volume II. Vertebres. (pp. 762 - 1529) W. Fischer, M. - L. Bauchot & M. Schneider (eds). Rome," title="Poissons Ossewc" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fiches FAO d ' identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche. (Revision 1). Mediterranee et mer Noire. Zone de peche 37. Volume II. Vertebres. (pp. 762 - 1529)" year="1987">BAUCHOT, 1987: 1309</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFB43FAFAFA60FAC4" author="MANZONI, P." box="[1253,1452,1309,1329]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30487" refString="MANZONI, P.: 1987. Enciclopedia illustrata delle specie ittiche marine. Instituto Geografico de Agostini Camera di Commercio di Como, 127 pp." type="book" year="1987">MANZONI, 1987: 66</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFDE4FADAFC99FAA7" author="BELLEMANS" bookContentInfo="Guide des ressources halieutiques du Senegal et de la Gambie (especes marines et d' eaux saumatres). Rome, FAO. 227 pp." box="[578,853,1339,1361]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="BELLEMANS" page="95" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref26680" refString="BELLEMANS, M., A SAGNA, W. FISCHER & N. SCIALABBA. ' 1988. Fiches FAO d identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche. Guide des ressources halieutiques du Senegal et de la Gambie (especes marines et d' eaux saumatres). Rome, FAO. 227 pp." title="Fiches FAO d identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche" type="book" year="1988">
|
||
BELLEMANS
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD18FAD8FD27FAA4" box="[702,747,1340,1358]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1988: 95
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 11, Fig. 81.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD84FABEFD5DFA61" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD84FABEFCB0FA82" authority="GIBERT, 1913: 38" authorityName="GIBERT" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1913" box="[546,892,1367,1388]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD84FABEFD07FA80" box="[546,715,1368,1387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Cerna catalonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFD74FABFFCB0FA82" author="GIBERT, A. M." box="[722,892,1367,1388]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref29094" refString="GIBERT, A. M.: 1913. Fauna ictialogica de Catalunya. Barcelona. pp. 1 - 96 + addenda of 11 pp." type="book chapter" year="1913">GIBERT, 1913: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type locality, Catalonia, Spain; holotype apparently not pre served).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD87FA77FC76FA2A" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD87FA77FC74FA4A" authority="Pou., 1949: 191" authorityName="Pou." authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1949" box="[545,952,1423,1448]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaslavskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD87FA77FCC9FA4B" box="[545,773,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Epínephelus zaslavskii</emphasis>
|
||
Pou., 1949: 191
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E98B47166FFDBFC6DFA69FBD9FA75" box="[971,1045,1422,1445]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[535,567,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[540,1492,1193,1614]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 12 - Epinephelus marginatus, 45 cm. SL. Cape Vidal, South Africa, RUSI 12922. Drawn by E. HEEMSTRA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168261/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(type locality, Baie des Elephants, Angola; holotype IRSNB); 1954: 66, Fig. 18.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD84FA29FC9EF9EA" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD84FA29FD37FA0F" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[546,763,1485,1510]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD84FA29FD37FA0F" box="[546,763,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Epinephelus goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFCAFFA34FCE3FA35" box="[777,815,1491,1503]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">non</emphasis>
|
||
VALENCIENNES]:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFC41FA2CFB7CFA36" author="CADENAT, J." bookContentInfo="Inst. fr. Afr. noire, Dakar, 1950 [1951]: 345 pp., 241, figs" box="[999,1200,1482,1504]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27543" refString="1951. Poissons de mer du Senegal, Initiations africaines, HI. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, Dakar, 1950 [1951]: 345 pp., 241, figs." title="Poissons de mer du Senegal, Initiations africaines, HI" type="book" year="1951">CADENAT, 1951: 193</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFB18FA2DFA78FA31" author="BLACHE" bookContentInfo="Faune tropicale, 18, ORSTOM, Paris; 479 pp" box="[1214,1460,1482,1503]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="BLACHE" page="284" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref26923" refString="BLACHE, J., J. CADENAT & A STAUCH: 1970. Cles de determination des poissons de mer signales dans l'Atlantique oriental (entre le 20 e parallele N. et le 15 e parallele S.). Faune tropicale, 18, ORSTOM, Paris; 479 pp., 1152 figs." type="book" year="1970">
|
||
BLACHE
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFAB0FA2AFA8DFA36" box="[1302,1345,1482,1500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1970: 284
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 757;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFDD0FA0DFCD0FA11" author="SERET, B." box="[630,796,1513,1536]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref31716" refString="SERET, B.: 1981. Poissons de Mer de l'ouest Africain Tropical. ORSTOM, Paris. 416 pp." type="book" year="1981">Séret, 1981: 160</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD87F9E1FC76F9FC" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" box="[545,954,1541,1567]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD87F9E1FD22F9F2" box="[545,750,1542,1567]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD87F9E1FD51F9F5" box="[545,669,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFCA5F9E1FC76F9FC" author="FRANCA, P. da" box="[771,954,1541,1563]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref28849" refString="FRANCA, P. da: 1957. Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos Serranidae de Angola. Trabalhos da missao de biologia maritima, No. 12. Anais da Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar. 1957: 1 - 45, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1957">FRANCA, 1957: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD84F9C4FC75F9D9" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" box="[546,953,1569,1595]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD84F9C4FD22F9DE" box="[546,750,1570,1595]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD84F9C4FD51F9D1" box="[546,669,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFCA5F9C5FC75F9D9" author="FRANCA, P. da" box="[771,953,1569,1590]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref28849" refString="FRANCA, P. da: 1957. Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos Serranidae de Angola. Trabalhos da missao de biologia maritima, No. 12. Anais da Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar. 1957: 1 - 45, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1957">FRANCA, 1957: 34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFD84F9A4FC7CF9B9" blockId="22.[544,1511,1087,1627]" box="[546,944,1601,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27166FFDBFD84F9A4FD2FF9BE" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[546,739,1603,1627]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFD84F9A4FD2FF9BE" box="[546,739,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Epinephelus castae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07166FFDBFD5AF9A5FC67F9B9" author="SCHNEIDER, W." box="[764,939,1601,1623]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" refId="ref31640" refString="SCHNEIDER, W.: 1990. FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Field Guizle to the Commercial Marine Resources of the Gulf of Guinea. FAO, Rome. 268 pp." type="book" year="1990">SCHNEIDER, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7166FFD5FDE5F962FCCCFA89" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFDBFDE5F962FDE4F750" blockId="22.[517,1547,1663,2409]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFDE5F962FD77F974" bold="true" box="[579,699,1669,1694]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal fin XI, 15 - 17; anal fin III,8; pectoral fin rays 18- 19; lateral--line scales 70- 73; lateral scale series 113 - 130; gill-takers 8- 10 + 16 - 18, including 2- -7 rudiments on each limb. Body depth distinctly less than head length, contained 3.0-3.4 times in SL (for fish 10-46 cm. SL); head length 2.5 -2.7 times in SL; pectoral fins usually longer than pelvics, 1.6-2.1 times in head length. Caudal fin truncate or slightly convex in juveniles, becoming concave or lunate in adults larger than 40 cm. SL; dorsal fin with the third or fourth spine longest and the interspinous membranes distinctly incised. Interorbital area convex; preopercle angular, with 2 or 3 greatly enlarged serrae at the angle; in adults larger than 40 cm. SL, the preopercle angle is produced into a rounded lobe, with an indentation immediately above the lobe; middle and lower opercular spines flat but distinct, the upper spine not apparent; upper edge of operculum straight or slightly convex. Maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; ventral edge of maxilla with a low step; no scales on maxilla; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2 rows of teeth. Nostrils subequal in specimens less than 30 cm. SL; rear nostril diameter about twice that of front ones in fish of 40-50 cm. SL. Lateral body scales ctenoid; adults with auxiliary scales. Pyloric caeca 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317166FFD5FDE3F72FFCC7FACD" blockId="22.[517,1547,1663,2409]" lastBlockId="24.[460,1493,1089,1379]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237166FFDBFDE3F72FFD56F736" bold="true" box="[581,666,2248,2268]" pageId="22" pageNumber="27">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: Head and body brownish, the fins darker. Juveniles less than 15 cm. SL with 3 -5 narrow dark stripes (blue in life?) paralleling the lateral line on dorsal part of body, with 2 stripes above and 1 -3 stripes below lateral line. Two dark lines on head: one from lower edge of eye to ventral rear edge of interopercle, the second from dark maxillary streak to lower edge of preopercle. Adults brown or greyish brown, often with a large golden yellow blotch, vaguely defined at periphery, on body below spinous dorsal fin. Two specimens from Angola, (Museu Bocage nos. MB 2087 and 2091, 46 and 42 cm. SL) are distinctly bicolored, the body dark brown dorsally and abruptly paler ventrally, the two parts separated by a wavy boundary. Both fish are males, with flaccid testes containing a large empty lumen. If the condition of the testes is indicative of recent spawning, the bicolored pattern may be the spawning coloration of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3AD4B97167FFDAFE5FF98CFA08F968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168245" box="[505,1476,1643,1671]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168245/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" startId="23.[505,537,1643,1667]" targetBox="[514,1465,1229,1611]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317167FFDAFE5FF98CFA08F968" blockId="23.[505,1476,1643,1671]" box="[505,1476,1643,1671]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Fig. 8a -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27167FFDAFDF6F98BFCC7F994" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[592,779,1644,1668]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237167FFDAFDF6F98BFCC7F994" box="[592,779,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">Epinephelus castae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 14 cm. SL, Italy, redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07167FFDAFBF2F989FAC3F96C" author="DODERLEIN, P." bookContentInfo="5 pls." box="[1108,1295,1646,1670]" journalOrPublisher="G. Sci. nat. econ., Palermo" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="168 - 259" part="15" refId="ref28335" refString="DODERLEIN, P.: 1882. Rivista delle specie del genere Epinephelus Bloch o Cerna Bonap. riscontrate sinora nei mari della Sicilia. G. Sci. nat. econ., Palermo, 15: 168 - 259, 5 pls." title="Rivista delle specie del genere Epinephelus Bloch o Cerna Bonap. riscontrate sinora nei mari della Sicilia" type="book chapter" year="1882">DODERLEIN (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by E. HEEMSTRA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3AD4B97167FFDAFE51F6F0FCD4F6A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168249/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" startId="23.[503,535,2327,2351]" targetBox="[512,1458,1905,2303]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317167FFDAFE51F6F0FCD4F6A4" blockId="23.[503,1444,2327,2382]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Fig. 8b -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27167FFDAFDE9F6FFFCC0F6C1" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[591,780,2328,2352]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237167FFDAFDE9F6FFFCC0F6C1" box="[591,780,2328,2352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">Epmephelus costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 40 cm. SL, Sénégal, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07167FFDAFBBAF6FCFB5BF6C4" author="SERET, B." box="[1052,1175,2331,2355]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="ref31716" refString="SERET, B.: 1981. Poissons de Mer de l'ouest Africain Tropical. ORSTOM, Paris. 416 pp." type="book" year="1981">SERET (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27167FFDAFA80F6FAFA52F6DF" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1318,1438,2333,2357]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237167FFDAFA80F6FAFAFAF6C5" box="[1318,1334,2333,2351]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237167FFDAFAE4F6FAFA52F6DF" box="[1346,1438,2333,2357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; painting by PIERRE OPIC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317168FFD5FDADFACBFCCCFA89" blockId="24.[460,1493,1089,1379]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Maximum size, at least 80 cm. total length; according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07168FFD5FB46FACCFA07FAA2" author="TORTONESE, E." bookContentInfo="Vol. II: 515 - 1007. UNESCO, Paris" box="[1248,1483,1323,1352]" editor="J. P. Whitehead & L. Bauchot & J-C. Hureau & J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" pagination="780 - 792" refId="ref32416" refString="1986. Serranidae. (pp. 780 - 792) in Fishes of the North-eastem Atlantic and the Mediterranean. P. J. P. Whitehead, M. - L. Bauchot,. J-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (eds). Vol. II: 515 - 1007. UNESCO, Paris." title="Serranidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fishes of the North-eastem Atlantic and the Mediterranean" year="1986">TORTONESE (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FE6AFAA8FDF7FA89" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[460,571,1359,1379]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FE6AFAA8FE12FA89" box="[460,478,1359,1379]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FE54FAB6FDF7FA89" box="[498,571,1361,1379]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attains 140 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7168FFD5FCAFFA69FCF5F950" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317168FFD5FCAFFA69FB59FA4C" blockId="24.[777,1173,1422,1446]" box="[777,1173,1422,1446]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D7168FFD5FCAFFA69FB59FA4C" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[777,1173,1422,1446]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FCAFFA69FB59FA4C" bold="true" box="[777,1173,1422,1446]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317168FFD5FDACFA33FCF5F950" blockId="24.[461,1493,1492,1722]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FDACFA33FDBBFA02" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[522,631,1492,1513]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FDACFA33FDD0FA03" box="[522,540,1492,1513]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FD89FA3FFDBBFA02" box="[559,631,1496,1512]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. I have examined specimens from Greece, (Corfu Island), the Cape Verde Islands, and Angola. Reliable literature records document its occurrence on the Mediterranean coasts of Italy, France, Spain, Egypt, Tunisia, also along the south coast of Portugal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FA8EF9DDFA9AF9A4" bold="true" box="[1320,1366,1594,1614]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">and</emphasis>
|
||
along the west coast of Africa to southern Angola. Records of '
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FBFEF9BDFA4BF99B" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1112,1415,1626,1654]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FBFEF9BDFA4BF99B" box="[1112,1415,1626,1654]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Epinephelus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" from Madeira are apparently based on misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FBE9F99AFAE4F97D" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1103,1320,1660,1688]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FBE9F99AFAE4F97D" box="[1103,1320,1660,1688]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Mycteroperca fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FE5CF947FDADF950" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[506,609,1694,1722]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FE5CF947FDDEF95E" box="[506,530,1696,1716]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FD85F979FDADF950" box="[547,609,1694,1722]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7168FFD4FC37F902FCDDF843" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317168FFD5FC37F902FBC2F91D" blockId="24.[913,1038,1765,1783]" box="[913,1038,1765,1783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D7168FFD5FC37F902FBC2F91D" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[913,1038,1765,1783]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FC37F902FBC2F91D" bold="true" box="[913,1038,1765,1783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317168FFD4FDABF8C1FB1BFB0A" blockId="24.[461,1494,1829,2444]" lastBlockId="25.[494,1531,1093,1961]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07168FFD5FD2FF8C2FC4CF8A8" author="BOULENGER, G. A." bookContentInfo="Second edition, Taylor and Francis, London. 394 pp" box="[649,896,1829,1858]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27380" refString="1895. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. I. Second edition, Taylor and Francis, London. 394 pp." title="Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. I." type="book" year="1895">BOULENGER's (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
authoritative work on serranid fishes, this species has generally been referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FCDEF8A0FA01F88F" authority="(VALENCIENNES, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[888,1485,1863,1894]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FCDEF8A0FB6BF8B7" box="[888,1191,1863,1892]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Epinephelus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07168FFD5FB18F8AFFA09F88C" author="VALENCIENNES, A." box="[1214,1477,1864,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refId="ref32623" refString="VALENCIENNES, A.: 1828. See Cuvier & Valenciennes." title="See Cuvier & Valenciennes" type="book" year="1828">VALENCIENNES, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, a recent examination of VALENCIENNES ' holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FB69F88CFA18F86B" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1828" box="[1231,1492,1899,1921]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FB69F88CFA18F86B" box="[1231,1492,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Serranus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN 7325), which was collected in Egypt by E. GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE revealed that it is a specimen of the well-known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FBA9F849FAC2F820" baseAuthorityName="FORSSKAL" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1039,1294,1966,1994]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FBA9F849FAC2F820" box="[1039,1294,1966,1994]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Epinephelus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Red Sea and Indo-Pacific region. This holotype differs significantly from the species here recognized as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FDF3F813FD73F7E3" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[597,703,2036,2057]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FDF3F813FDABF7E3" box="[597,615,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FDDEF81FFD73F7E3" box="[632,703,2040,2057]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fewer scales (lateral-line 54, versus 70-73; lateral scale series about 100, versus 113- 130), deeper body (depth 2.8 in SL, versus 3.0-3.4 in SL), 3 or 4 rows of teeth at midside of lower jaw (versus 2 rows), fewer gill-rakers (7 + 15 = 22, versus 8- 10 + 16- 18 = 24- 27); and a rounded caudal fin (The shape of the caudal fin of the holotype cannot now be determined, as it is damaged; but in his description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FD63F747FBACF75F" authority=", VALENCIENNES" authorityName="VALENCIENNES" box="[709,1120,2208,2234]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FD63F747FC56F750" box="[709,922,2208,2234]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Serranus goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
, VALENCIENNES
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07168FFD5FB37F778FDCBF73D" author="CUVIER, G. & A. VALENCIENNES" bookContentInfo="Paris, F. G. iowauii, Vol. 6; xxiv + 559 pp., pls. 141 - 169" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28186" refString="1830. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris, F. G. iowauii, Vol. 6; xxiv + 559 pp., pls. 141 - 169." title="Histoire Naturelle des Poissons" type="book" year="1830">CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) mentions that the caudal fin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FC67F727FB98F73C" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1828" box="[961,1108,2240,2262]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FC67F727FB98F73C" box="[961,1108,2240,2262]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rounded). In his original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07168FFD5FDC1F703FCBFF6EA" author="VALENCIENNES, A." box="[615,883,2275,2304]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refId="ref32623" refString="VALENCIENNES, A.: 1828. See Cuvier & Valenciennes." title="See Cuvier & Valenciennes" type="book" year="1828">VALENCIENNES (1828)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that “Sa couleur paraît avoir été brune, sans taches ni marbrures, sur tout le corps et sur les nageoires."
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FAB2F6E0FA6DF6C8" baseAuthorityName="FORSSKAL" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1300,1441,2310,2338]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FAB2F6E0FAEAF6F1" box="[1300,1318,2311,2331]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FA91F6E1FA6DF6C8" box="[1335,1441,2310,2338]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has distinctive black triangles at the margin of the interspinous dorsal fin membranes, and these are clearly seen on the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27168FFD5FC57F6ACFB6CF6B5" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1828" box="[1009,1184,2378,2399]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FC57F6ACFC32F6B5" box="[1009,1022,2379,2399]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237168FFD5FBABF6ADFB6CF6B5" box="[1037,1184,2378,2399]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if the fin is erected. This feature was overlooked by VALENCIENNES and subsequent workers. The holotype also still shows the dark pigment on the edge of the orbit that is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FACFFBA0FA3DFB8B" baseAuthorityName="FORSSKAL" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1385,1521,1095,1121]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FACFFBA0FAB0FBB1" box="[1385,1404,1095,1115]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FA2EFBA0FA3DFB8B" box="[1416,1521,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although VALENCIENNES gives the provenance of his holotype as "rapportée de l'Egypte par M. GEOFFROY ", his choice of name for his new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FAF7FB6DFD9AFB55" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1828" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FAF7FB6DFD9AFB55" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">Serranus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) implied that it was a Mediterranean species; and this accounts for the misapplication of this species name by subsequent authors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317169FFD4FD89FB09FBD0FAAF" blockId="25.[494,1531,1093,1961]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07169FFD4FD89FB09FCF7FAE3" author="BAUCHOT" box="[559,827,1261,1289]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="BAUCHOT" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. nam Hist nat., Paris Znd Ser." pageId="25" pageNumber="30" pagination="301 - 304" part="32" refId="ref26527" refString="BAUCHOT, M. - L., M. BLANC & M. POLL: 1960. A propos d'Epinephelus alexandrinus C (. V.) poisson teleosteen de la famille des Serranidae. Bull. Mus. nam Hist nat., Paris Znd Ser., 32 (4): 301 - 304." title="A propos d'Epinephelus alexandrinus C (. V.) poisson teleosteen de la famille des Serranidae" type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
BAUCHOT
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FD0BFB16FD12FAE8" box="[685,734,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1960)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the synonymy of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FB3BFB0AFA0BFAE9" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1181,1479,1261,1288]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FB3BFB0AFA0BFAE9" box="[1181,1479,1261,1288]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">Epinephelus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", in which they included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FD5CFAE8FB52FAC9" authority="POLL, 1949" authorityName="POLL" authorityYear="1949" box="[762,1182,1294,1322]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaslavskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FD5CFAE8FBCAFACE" box="[762,1030,1294,1322]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">Epinephelus zaslavskii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07169FFD4FBB5FAE8FB52FAC9" author="POLL, M." bookContentInfo="27 figs." box="[1043,1182,1295,1320]" journalOrPublisher="Mem Inst r. Sci. nat. Belg." pageId="25" pageNumber="30" pagination="173 - 269" part="2" refId="ref31100" refString="POLL, M.: 1949. Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du Navire-ecole Belge ' Mercator' IV. Poissons des XIe, XIVe et XVIIe croisieres. Mem Inst r. Sci. nat. Belg. (2) 33: 173 - 269. 27 figs." title="Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du Navire-ecole Belge ' Mercator' IV. Poissons des XIe, XIVe et XVIIe croisieres" type="book chapter" year="1949">POLL, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they did not give any information on the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FC27FAD7FBDAFAAF" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[897,1046,1328,1349]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FC27FAD7FBDAFAAF" box="[897,1046,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317169FFD4FD88FAB4FA4CFA05" blockId="25.[494,1531,1093,1961]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FD88FAB4FD56FA82" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[558,666,1363,1384]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FD88FAB4FD8CFA82" box="[558,576,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FDF7FAB0FD56FA82" box="[593,666,1367,1384]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FC9CFAB4FC04FA87" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[826,968,1363,1389]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gareensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FC9CFAB4FC81FA8D" box="[826,845,1363,1383]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FCFBFAB4FC04FA87" box="[861,968,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">gareensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in meristic and most morphornetric features. These two species differ in their colour patterns. The dark longitudinal lines on the body of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FD1AFA7DFCC8FA41" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[700,772,1434,1451]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FD1AFA7DFCC8FA41" box="[700,772,1434,1451]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are never seen on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FC4DFA70FB99FA5B" box="[1003,1109,1431,1457]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FC4DFA70FB99FA5B" box="[1003,1109,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the dark bars that are usually visible on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FDC9FA5EFD15FA39" box="[623,729,1465,1491]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FDC9FA5EFD15FA39" box="[623,729,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are absent on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FC33FA5BFC12FA27" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[917,990,1468,1485]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FC33FA5BFC12FA27" box="[917,990,1468,1485]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FB98FA5EFB06FA38" box="[1086,1226,1465,1490]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FB98FA5EFB9CFA26" box="[1086,1104,1465,1484]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FBC6FA5EFB06FA38" box="[1120,1226,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
never shows the golden blotch that is often seen on the dorsal part of the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FB7BFA39FAE9FA04" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1245,1317,1502,1518]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FB7BFA39FAE9FA04" box="[1245,1317,1502,1518]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317169FFD4FD96FA1BFCDDF843" blockId="25.[494,1531,1093,1961]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Reports of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FD64FA1CFC24F9FA" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[706,1000,1531,1558]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FD64FA1CFC24F9FA" box="[706,1000,1531,1558]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">Epinephelus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" from Madeira (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07169FFD4FB15FA1CFDE6F9D8" author="WASCHKEWITZ, R. & P. WIRTZ" journalOrPublisher="J. Fish Biol." pageId="25" pageNumber="30" pagination="781 - 782" part="36" refId="ref32753" refString="WASCHKEWITZ, R. & P. WIRTZ: 1990. Annual migration and return to the same site by an individual grouper, Epinephelus alexandrinus (Pisces, Serranidae). J. Fish Biol. 36: 781 - 782." title="Annual migration and return to the same site by an individual grouper, Epinephelus alexandrinus (Pisces, Serranidae" type="journal article" year="1990">WASCHKEWITZ and WIRTZ, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; visual identification of a live fish underwater) and the Azores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07169FFD4FA8FF9FAFA3EF9D8" author="SALDANHA, L." box="[1321,1522,1564,1592]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" refId="ref31600" refString="SALDANHA, L.: 1979. Fauna Submarina Atlantica 222 pp, 57 pls. Publicacoes Europa-America." type="book" year="1979">SALDANHA, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; underwater photograph of live fish) are apparently misidentifieations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FA36F9A7FDBAF991" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FA36F9A7FDBAF991" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">Mycteroperca fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), which is superficially similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FB0AF987FAD5F99E" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1196,1305,1632,1652]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FB0AF987FB72F99E" box="[1196,1214,1632,1652]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FB77F983FAD5F99E" box="[1233,1305,1636,1652]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both species are relatively elongate, somewhat compressed groupers with concave or lunate caudal fins in adults and a protruding lower jaw). The Spanish common name "falso abadejo" for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FD87F920FD5DF931" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[545,657,1735,1755]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epmephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FD87F920FDFFF931" box="[545,563,1735,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FDEFF92DFD5DF931" box="[585,657,1738,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
alludes to its similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FC49F921FB9BF90A" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1007,1111,1732,1760]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FC49F921FBCBF930" box="[1007,1031,1734,1754]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FBBFF923FB9BF90A" box="[1049,1111,1732,1760]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the true "abadejo"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FAD6F921FA15F90B" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1392,1497,1733,1761]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FAD6F921FA44F930" box="[1392,1416,1734,1754]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FA3CF922FA15F90B" box="[1434,1497,1733,1761]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common at Madeira, and is well known to the fishermen as “badejo“ According to G.E. MAUL, ichthyologist at the Funchal Municipal Museum for the past 50 years,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FE56F8C9FD98F8A2" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[496,596,1837,1864]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FE56F8C9FDC4F8A8" box="[496,520,1838,1858]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FDB2F8CAFD98F8A2" box="[532,596,1837,1864]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the mero (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27169FFD4FCB7F8CAFC7EF8A2" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[785,946,1836,1864]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FCB7F8CAFCEDF8AB" box="[785,801,1837,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FC96F8CAFC7EF8A2" box="[816,946,1837,1864]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">marginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are the only two species of groupers that occur in Madeiran waters. My examination of Madeiran specimens in the Funchal Museum, at the market in Funchal and at the British Museum (Natural History) also confirms Mr. MAUL's statement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7169FFD4FCCCF810FC1CF74F" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317169FFD4FCCCF810FB4FF7E3" blockId="25.[874,1155,2038,2057]" box="[874,1155,2038,2057]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D7169FFD4FCCCF810FB4FF7E3" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[874,1155,2038,2057]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237169FFD4FCCCF810FB4FF7E3" bold="true" box="[874,1155,2038,2057]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MATERIAL EXAMJNED</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317169FFD4FE53F7DFFC1CF74F" blockId="25.[501,1531,2102,2214]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FE53F7DFFC98F7A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234464" box="[501,852,2103,2128]" collectionCode="RUSI" country="Greece" location="GREECE" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="RUSI 74-4" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17169FFD4FE53F7DFFD92F7A0" box="[501,606,2104,2122]" name="Greece" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">GREECE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FDD4F7DFFD2CF7A0" box="[626,736,2104,2122]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">RUSI 74-4</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FD54F7DFFC88F7A0" box="[754,836,2104,2122]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="103.0">103 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FCC3F7D0FA69F7A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234356" box="[869,1445,2102,2127]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="CAPE VERDE ISLANDS" location="CAPE VERDE ISLANDS" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNHN 1941-25" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17169FFD4FCC3F7D0FBB5F7A3" box="[869,1145,2102,2121]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">CAPE VERDE ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FB28F7D0FAFFF7A2" box="[1166,1331,2102,2120]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MNHN 1941-25</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FAE2F7D0FA54F7A3" box="[1348,1432,2103,2121]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="273.0">273 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FA0AF7D0FCC8F786" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234391" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNHN 1941 -26" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FA0AF7D0FD89F78D" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MNHN 1941 -26</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D434FB87169FFD4FDFEF7B2FDAEF78D" box="[600,610,2133,2151]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">3</specimenCount>
|
||
, 174-
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FD39F7B2FD38F78D" box="[671,756,2133,2151]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="212.0">212 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FCB0F7B3FBBBF781" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234368" box="[790,1143,2131,2156]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" location="ANGOLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 1033" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17169FFD4FCB0F7B3FC4AF78C" box="[790,902,2132,2150]" name="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FC38F7B3FC32F78C" box="[926,1022,2132,2150]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 1033</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FBB6F7B3FBAAF78F" box="[1040,1126,2132,2150]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="227.0">227 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FB26F7B3FA96F781" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234326" box="[1152,1370,2131,2155]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 1449" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FB26F7B3FB2CF78F" box="[1152,1248,2132,2149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 1449</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FB52F7B3FA85F78C" box="[1268,1353,2132,2150]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="166.0">166 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FAC3F7B3FDE2F763" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234366" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 1597" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FAC3F7B3FA09F78C" box="[1381,1477,2132,2150]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 1597</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FA7FF7B3FDD1F769" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="193.0">193 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FD91F795FCC3F763" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234365" box="[567,783,2161,2185]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 2087" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FD91F795FD5BF769" box="[567,663,2162,2179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 2087</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FD0FF795FD32F769" box="[681,766,2162,2179]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="462.0">462 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FCBFF796FC3DF762" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234353" box="[793,1009,2160,2184]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 2091" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FCBFF796FCBBF769" box="[793,887,2161,2179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 2091</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FC2DF796FC2DF768" box="[907,993,2161,2178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="421.0">421 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FC5DF797FB07F762" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234406" box="[1019,1227,2160,2184]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 2275" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FC5DF797FB94F768" box="[1019,1112,2160,2178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 2275</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FBCDF797FB73F762" box="[1131,1215,2160,2184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="352.0">352 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FB7BF797FA7AF762" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234308" box="[1245,1462,2160,2184]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MB 2829" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FB7BF797FAF1F768" box="[1245,1341,2160,2178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">MB 2829</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FAE9F797FA69F768" box="[1359,1445,2160,2178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="246.0">246 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FA66F797FD6CF74F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234423" collectionCode="RUSI" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="RUSI 10713" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FA66F797FDFCF74A" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">RUSI 10713</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FDE3F76AFD43F74A" box="[581,655,2189,2214]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="87.0">87 mm</quantity>
|
||
.);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7169FFD4FD0FF769FC1CF74F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234364" box="[681,976,2189,2213]" collectionCode="SAM" country="Angola" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="SAM 24984" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7169FFD4FD0FF769FCE9F74A" box="[681,805,2190,2208]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">SAM 24984</specimenCode>
|
||
(92 &
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47169FFD4FCD0F769FC0CF775" box="[886,960,2190,2207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="93.0">93 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |