270 lines
33 KiB
XML
270 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="1F68B37B2B60103C059FF6717E37E416" ID-CLB-Dataset="298660" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12168227" ID-GBIF-Dataset="178ed053-7081-4927-96dd-277fa0d92e5e" ID-ISSN="0870-3876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168227" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718800477084" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Heemstra, P. C." docDate="1991" docId="03EC35277161FFDFFD42FA09FA12F77E" docLanguage="en" docName="BolMusMunFunchal.43.226.5-71.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal 43 (226)" docTitle="Epinephelus caninus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFD54D5F7170FFCDFFA6FFE7FFCCFFEA" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1718813564701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="10CF75B2F3129863F102DFEC3FFD542E">
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<mods:title id="D6258A25C50C8A81E668191A06B00BCD">A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A3BB9C8CD82706A80836A629F23CBE00" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CB345B4BF12C4B2072E204046E2FB5B7">Heemstra, P. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="98CEB0E453A44FAD31B5477DE391DC5F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E0CB0286D67A4B530340B06D94910777">Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7687FDCEF08ACD3085F1748E183F2733">
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<mods:date id="F6E1FD94C1983A827769C803DD886110">1991</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C988F0E70E03A343317C62D949E73C47">1991-08-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="53BD40040241C0EBF1828F1832323E6A">43</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="64B7386BE2993D7178F87CAA6213B8FC">226</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EC35277161FFDFFD42FA09FA12F77E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233229869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC35277161FFDFFD42FA09FA12F77E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC35277161FFDFFD42FA09FA12F77E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7161FFDCFD42FA09FB34F9E3" box="[740,1272,1518,1546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFD42FA09FB34F9E3" blockId="17.[740,1272,1518,1579]" box="[740,1272,1518,1546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0B2335D7161FFDCFD42FA09FB34F9E3" bold="true" box="[740,1272,1518,1546]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27161FFDCFD42FA09FB34F9E3" ID-CoL="6G5LM" authority="(VALENCIENNES, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[740,1272,1518,1546]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFD42FA09FC1AF9E9" bold="true" box="[740,982,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Epinephelus caninus</emphasis>
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(VALENCIENNES, 1843)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7161FFDCFC68F9F7FBDFF9CE" box="[974,1043,1552,1579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFC68F9F7FBDFF9CE" blockId="17.[740,1272,1518,1579]" box="[974,1043,1552,1579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47161FFDCFC68F9F7FBDFF9CE" box="[974,1043,1552,1579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[551,583,1650,1676]" captionTargetBox="[536,1483,1179,1615]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6 - Epinephelus caninus, 417 mm. SL, Israel, HUJ 10958, drawn bY ELAINE HEEMSTRA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168239/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7161FFDCFDA8F9B5FA56F8F9" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFDA8F9B5FB92F96A" blockId="17.[524,1492,1618,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27161FFDCFDA8F9B5FC73F98E" authority="VALENCIENNES, 1843: 10" authorityName="VALENCIENNES" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1843" box="[526,959,1618,1640]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFDA8F9B5FD77F98E" box="[526,699,1618,1636]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Serranus caninus</emphasis>
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VALENCIENNES, 1843: 10
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</taxonomicName>
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(type locality, Canary Islands; holotype apparently not preserved);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFD73F989FC1CF96A" author="STEINDACHNER, F." bookContentInfo="Sber. Akad. VVss. Wien, 1882 [1883], 86 (1): 61 - 82, 5 pls" box="[725,976,1646,1668]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32132" refString="1883. Ichthyologische Beitrage. XII. Sber. Akad. VVss. Wien, 1882 [1883], 86 (1): 61 - 82, 5 pls." title="Ichthyologische Beitrage. XII" type="book" year="1883">STEINDACHNER, 1883: 65</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 2,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47161FFDCFB86F988FB9BF96A" box="[1056,1111,1647,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[551,583,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[767,1312,1093,1570]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 - Diagramatic illustration of a grouper's head to show method of measuring maxilla width (MW); UL =upper lip; SM=supramaxilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168229/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFDA8F96CFBE8F977" blockId="17.[524,1492,1618,1816]" box="[526,1060,1674,1698]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27161FFDCFDA8F96CFD5BF977" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[526,663,1674,1693]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canina">
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFDA8F96CFD5BF977" box="[526,663,1674,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Cerna canina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: DODERLEIN. 1882: 193, Pl. 1,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47161FFDCFC43F96CFBD3F977" box="[997,1055,1675,1698]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[610,641,1640,1668]" captionTargetBox="[529,1475,1166,1617]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2-Cephalopholis nigri, about 20 cm. SL, Ghana from BOULENGER 1895,," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168231/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFDABF940FD45F918" blockId="17.[524,1492,1618,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27161FFDCFDABF940FD17F953" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[525,731,1703,1727]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFDABF940FD17F953" box="[525,731,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Epinephelus caninus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFD4BF94FFC1DF950" author="BOULENGER, G. A." bookContentInfo="Second edition, Taylor and Francis, London. 394 pp" box="[749,977,1704,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refId="ref27380" refString="1895. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. I. Second edition, Taylor and Francis, London. 394 pp." title="Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. I." type="book" year="1895">BOULENGER, 1895: 205</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFC79F94FFB68F953" author="CADENAT, J." box="[991,1188,1704,1724]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Trav. Off. (scient. tech.) Pech. marit." pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="377 - 422" part="8" refId="ref27491" refString="CADENAT, J.: 1935. Les Serranides de la Cote occidentale d'Afrique (du Cap Spartel au Cap Vert). Rev. Trav. Off. (scient. tech.) Pech. marit., 8 (4): 377 - 422, 30 figs." title="Les Serranides de la Cote occidentale d'Afrique (du Cap Spartel au Cap Vert)" type="journal article" year="1935">CADENAT, 1935: 398</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47161FFDCFB14F94FFB3FF950" box="[1202,1267,1704,1727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[526,559,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[526,1483,1158,1624]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 11 a - Epinephelus itajara, 7 cm. SL, Gulf of Mexico, from a photograph of LEWIS BULLOCK and GREGORY SMITH (ms.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168257/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFAA7F94FFA00F951" author="CADENAT, J." bookContentInfo="Inst. fr. Afr. noire, Dakar, 1950 [1951]: 345 pp., 241, figs" box="[1281,1484,1704,1726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refId="ref27543" refString="1951. Poissons de mer du Senegal, Initiations africaines, HI. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, Dakar, 1950 [1951]: 345 pp., 241, figs." title="Poissons de mer du Senegal, Initiations africaines, HI" type="book" year="1951">CADENAT, 1951: 193</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFD8BF923FD2EF93F" author="MAURIN, C." box="[557,738,1732,1753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref30514" refString="MAURIN, C.: 1968. A Ecologie ichthyologique des fonds chalutables Atlantiques (de la Baie Iber-Marocaine a la Mauritanie) et de la Mediterranee occidentale. Rev. Trav. Inst. Peches marit., 32 (1.): 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1968">MAURIN, 1968: 70</bibRefCitation>
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, Fig. 37;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFCE2F923FC3EF93C" author="SERET, B." box="[836,1010,1732,1753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refId="ref31716" refString="SERET, B.: 1981. Poissons de Mer de l'ouest Africain Tropical. ORSTOM, Paris. 416 pp." type="book" year="1981">SÉRET, 1981: 158</bibRefCitation>
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, fig;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFB8AF923FADCF93C" author="TORTONESE, E." bookContentInfo="Vol. II: 515 - 1007. UNESCO, Paris" box="[1068,1296,1732,1752]" editor="J. P. Whitehead & L. Bauchot & J-C. Hureau & J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="780 - 792" refId="ref32416" refString="1986. Serranidae. (pp. 780 - 792) in Fishes of the North-eastem Atlantic and the Mediterranean. P. J. P. Whitehead, M. - L. Bauchot,. J-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (eds). Vol. II: 515 - 1007. UNESCO, Paris." title="Serranidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fishes of the North-eastem Atlantic and the Mediterranean" year="1986">TORTONESE, 1986: 785</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFA86F922FD48F91B" author="BELLEMANS" bookContentInfo="Guide des ressources halieutiques du Senegal et de la Gambie (especes marines et d' eaux saumatres). Rome, FAO. 227 pp." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="BELLEMANS" page="95" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refId="ref26680" refString="BELLEMANS, M., A SAGNA, W. FISCHER & N. SCIALABBA. ' 1988. Fiches FAO d identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche. Guide des ressources halieutiques du Senegal et de la Gambie (especes marines et d' eaux saumatres). Rome, FAO. 227 pp." title="Fiches FAO d identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche" type="book" year="1988">
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BELLEMANS
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFA3AF92EFA0BF93D" box="[1436,1479,1734,1751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
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., 1988: 95
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFDAAF918FA56F8F9" blockId="17.[524,1492,1618,1816]" box="[524,1434,1791,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27161FFDCFDAAF918FCC3F8F8" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[524,783,1791,1815]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFDAAF918FCC3F8F8" box="[524,783,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Epinephelus alexandrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFC87F8E2FC8BF8F8" box="[801,839,1797,1810]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">non</emphasis>
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||
VALENCIENNES:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07161FFDCFBACF8E7FB5AF8FB" author="POLL, M." bookContentInfo="Res. Sci. Exped. oceauogr. belg. Eaux cot. afr. Atlan. Sud. (1948 - 49). Inst R. Sci. Nat. Belge, 4 (3 A): 1 - 390, 107 figs., 9 pls" box="[1034,1174,1792,1812]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refId="ref31149" refString="1954. Poissons IV. Teleosteens Acanthopterygiens (Premiere Partie). Res. Sci. Exped. oceauogr. belg. Eaux cot. afr. Atlan. Sud. (1948 - 49). Inst R. Sci. Nat. Belge, 4 (3 A): 1 - 390, 107 figs., 9 pls." title="Poissons IV. Teleosteens Acanthopterygiens (Premiere Partie)" type="book" year="1954">Poll, 1954: 56</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47161FFDCFB01F8E7FB21F8F8" box="[1191,1261,1792,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[522,554,2348,2372]" captionTargetBox="[526,1470,1891,2310]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 15 - Myctemperca rubra, 49 cm. SL, (Sénégal); redrawn from Séret (1981) by E. HEEMSTRA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12168271/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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, Pl. 3,
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<figureCitation id="137E98B47161FFDCFA9BF8E6FA59F8F9" box="[1341,1429,1793,1816]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="7.[588,620,2325,2349]" captionStartId-1="13.[524,556,1781,1805]" captionStartId-2="13.[631,662,2374,2398]" captionStartId-3="19.[551,583,1650,1676]" captionTargetBox-0="[516,1461,1885,2304]" captionTargetBox-1="[542,1489,1321,1742]" captionTargetBox-2="[540,1491,1925,2336]" captionTargetBox-3="[536,1483,1179,1615]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="Fig. 3 - Cephalopholis taeniops, 16 cm. SL, Sénégal, from STEINDACHNER, 1882." captionText-1="Fig. 4 - Epinephelus adscensionis, 17 cm. SL. Ascension Islands, from VAILLANT & BOCOURT, 1875." captionText-2="Fig. 5 - Epinephelus aeneus, 136 mm. SI.. Sénégal. from STEINDACHNER, 1882." captionText-3="Fig. 6 - Epinephelus caninus, 417 mm. SL, Israel, HUJ 10958, drawn bY ELAINE HEEMSTRA." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168233" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168235" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168237" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168239" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12168233/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12168235/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12168237/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/12168239/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Figs. 3-6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7161FFDFFD8BF8A6FAC1FAA3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDCFD8BF8A6FD60F6D9" blockId="17.[493,1522,1856,2432]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
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||
<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFD8BF8A6FD69F8B1" bold="true" box="[557,677,1857,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal fin XI, 13 - 14; anal fin 111,8; pectoral fin rays 17 - 18; lateral--line scales 70-79; lateral scale series 120- 135; gill-rakers 8- 10 + 15 - 17 including 4 - 6 rudiments on each limb. Body depth less than head length, contained 2.7-3.0 times in SL; head large, its length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; pectoral fins longer than pelvics, 1.7- 2.2 times in head length; pelvic fins fall well short of anus. Caudal fin truncate or emarginate; dorsal fin with the third or fourth spine longest and the interspinous membranes deeply incised. Interorbital area convex; preopercle angular, with 3-6 large spines at the angle, the lowermost directed ventrally or slightly anteriorly; rear edge of interopercle and lower edge of subopercle serrate; upper edge of operculum distinctly convex; maxilla scaly, reaching to or beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2 rows of teeth; a pair of large canine teeth at front of both jaws; rear nostrils 2 or 3 times bigger than front ones. Eye diameter more than interorbital width in fish of 10-28 cm SL and distinctly less than interorbital width in fish more than 45 cm SL. Lateral body scales distinctly ctenoid, with auxiliary scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317161FFDFFD8AF6A6FB61FACB" blockId="17.[493,1522,1856,2432]" lastBlockId="18.[518,1548,1091,1353]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237161FFDCFD8AF6A6FD4DF6BF" bold="true" box="[556,641,2369,2389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: Uniformly dark reddish brown or greyish violet to yellowish grey; posterior parts of median fins with a distinct white edge. Usually two or three dark bands across the cheek, the uppermost extends from eye to lower opercular spine, the second runs from lower edge of eye across angle of preopercle to juncture of interopercle and subopercle, and the third band (usually the faintest) extends from the dark moustache streak at the upper edge of the maxilla to the lower edge of the preopercle. The dark bands on the head are not discernible ın tısh larger than 45 cm SL. A good colour photograph was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07162FFDFFB00FB0CFAB9FAEC" author="MANZONI, P." box="[1190,1397,1259,1286]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" refId="ref30487" refString="MANZONI, P.: 1987. Enciclopedia illustrata delle specie ittiche marine. Instituto Geografico de Agostini Camera di Commercio di Como, 127 pp." type="book" year="1987">MANZONI (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07162FFDFFD20FAE9FCF0FAC3" author="SERET, B." box="[646,828,1294,1321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" refId="ref31716" refString="SERET, B.: 1981. Poissons de Mer de l'ouest Africain Tropical. ORSTOM, Paris. 416 pp." type="book" year="1981">SERET’s (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
book is also a good likeness.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFDE2FAD7FAC1FAA3" blockId="18.[518,1548,1091,1353]" box="[580,1293,1326,1353]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFDE2FAD7FD31FAAE" bold="true" box="[580,765,1328,1348]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Maximum size</emphasis>
|
||
: 157 cm. total length, and at least 35 kg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7162FFDFFCE6FA93FB87FA01" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFCE6FA93FB07FA6F" blockId="18.[832,1227,1395,1414]" box="[832,1227,1395,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D7162FFDFFCE6FA93FB07FA6F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[832,1227,1395,1414]" centered="true" level="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFCE6FA93FB07FA6F" bold="true" box="[832,1227,1395,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFDE5FA51FB87FA01" blockId="18.[518,1544,1460,1523]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic from Portugal to Angola; DOOLEY
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFA6EFA5EFA30FA20" box="[1480,1532,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., (1985) reported that it is rare in the Canaries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7162FFDFFC61F9FBFABEF805" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFC61F9FBFB88F9C4" blockId="18.[967,1092,1564,1582]" box="[967,1092,1564,1582]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D7162FFDFFC61F9FBFB88F9C4" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[967,1092,1564,1582]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFC61F9FBFB88F9C4" bold="true" box="[967,1092,1564,1582]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFDE4F9B8FA40F998" blockId="18.[514,1544,1629,2031]" box="[578,1420,1629,1657]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFDE4F9B8FD0DF999" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[578,705,1631,1651]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFDE4F9B8FD9FF999" box="[578,595,1631,1651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFDCEF9B8FD0DF999" box="[616,705,1631,1651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">caninus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs on sandy mud bottoms in depths of 30 to 400 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFDE7F967FC4DF84E" blockId="18.[514,1544,1629,2031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFDE7F967FD07F971" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[577,715,1664,1691]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFDE7F967FD9FF97E" box="[577,595,1664,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFDC4F967FD07F971" box="[610,715,1664,1691]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">goreensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFCCCF967FC2BF97E" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[874,999,1663,1684]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFCCCF967FCB7F97E" box="[874,891,1664,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFC2BF998FC2BF97E" box="[909,999,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">caninus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it has 16 dorsal fin rays, a smaller head (2.5 -2.7 times in SL), and the upper edge of the operculum is almost straight. Another similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFD6EF923FC9EF934" authorityName="BEN-TUVIA" authorityYear="1953" box="[712,850,1731,1758]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haifensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFD6EF923FD16F932" box="[712,730,1732,1752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFD48F924FC9EF934" box="[750,850,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">haifensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a rounded caudal fin, 9 anal fin rays, body depth usually greater (2.4- 2.8 times in SL), pelvic fins subequal to pectorals and reaching to or beyond the anus, no scales on maxilla, and fewer lateral scale series (104-112).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFDA4F8CEFDBCF8D4" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[514,624,1833,1854]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFDA4F8CEFDD8F8D7" box="[514,532,1833,1853]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFD8EF8CAFDBCF8D4" box="[552,624,1837,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">costae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more elongate body (depth 3.0-3.4 times in SL
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFAAAF8CEFAD7F8AE" bold="true" box="[1292,1307,1832,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">),</emphasis>
|
||
smaller head
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFA74F8CDFA16F8AE" bold="true" box="[1490,1498,1834,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">(</emphasis>
|
||
2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFF9A6F8CEF9C4F8AE" bold="true" box="[1536,1544,1833,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.7 times in SL), 15 - 17 dorsal fin rays, and no scales on the maxilla.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFAC6F8ABF9C4F88D" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1376,1544,1868,1895]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFAC6F8ABFABFF88A" box="[1376,1395,1868,1888]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFA23F8ABF9C4F88D" box="[1413,1544,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">marginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a rounded caudal fin, 14- 16 dorsal fin rays, no scales on maxilla, and 98- 116 lateral scale series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFDE4F857FABEF805" blockId="18.[514,1544,1629,2031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The specimen from Angola that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07162FFDFFC75F857FB40F826" author="FRANCA, P. da" box="[979,1164,1968,1996]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref28849" refString="FRANCA, P. da: 1957. Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos Serranidae de Angola. Trabalhos da missao de biologia maritima, No. 12. Anais da Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar. 1957: 1 - 45, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1957">FRANÇA (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described as "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFAE3F856FA31F827" box="[1349,1533,1969,1997]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFAE3F856FA18F826" box="[1349,1492,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- - B2" was examined at the Museu Bocage; It appears to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27162FFDFFB49F833FAA7F805" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1263,1387,2003,2031]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFB49F833FACEF802" box="[1263,1282,2004,2024]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFAB0F834FABEF805" box="[1302,1394,2003,2031]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">caninus.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFAE3F834FAB4F803" blockId="18.[514,1544,1629,2031]" box="[1349,1400,2003,2025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">..</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7162FFDFFCDEF7FDFA12F77E" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFCDEF7FDFB5CF7C7" blockId="18.[888,1168,2074,2093]" box="[888,1168,2074,2093]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D7162FFDFFCDEF7FDFB5CF7C7" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[888,1168,2074,2093]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237162FFDFFCDEF7FDFB5CF7C7" bold="true" box="[888,1168,2074,2093]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317162FFDFFDA2F7BCFA12F77E" blockId="18.[516,1543,2139,2196]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7162FFDFFDA2F7BCFC57F799" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234381" box="[516,923,2139,2163]" collectionCode="RUSI" country="Italy" location="Sicily" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="RUSI 28245" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17162FFDFFDA2F7BCFD87F787" box="[516,587,2139,2157]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">ITALY</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49814AD37162FFDFFDC4F7BCFD5AF799" box="[610,662,2139,2163]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7162FFDFFD03F7BCFCEFF787" box="[677,803,2139,2157]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">RUSI 28245</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47162FFDFFC9EF7BCFC47F787" box="[824,907,2139,2157]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="156.0">156 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7162FFDFFC08F7BCFAC7F799" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234481" box="[942,1291,2139,2163]" collectionCode="HUJ" country="Israel" location="ISRAEL" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="HUJ 10958" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17162FFDFFC08F7BCFBC4F787" box="[942,1032,2139,2157]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">ISRAEL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7162FFDFFBB9F7BCFB5FF787" box="[1055,1171,2139,2157]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">HUJ 10958</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47162FFDFFB03F7BCFB37F787" box="[1189,1275,2139,2157]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="497.0">497 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7162FFDFFABBF7BCFD60F77E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234459" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Togo" location="TOGO" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MNHN 1987- 1635" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17162FFDFFABBF7BCFAA4F784" box="[1309,1384,2139,2158]" name="Togo" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">TOGO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7162FFDFFADEF7BBFDFFF767" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">MNHN 1987- 1635</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47162FFDFFDE1F79BFD50F764" box="[583,668,2172,2190]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="214.0">214 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7162FFDFFD66F791FBBDF77E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234402" box="[704,1137,2166,2196]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Senegal" location="SENEGAL" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MNHN 1983-554" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17162FFDFFD66F791FCFAF764" box="[704,822,2166,2190]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">SÉNÉGAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7162FFDFFCE3F79BFC35F764" box="[837,1017,2172,2190]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">MNHN 1983-554</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47162FFDFFBAAF79BFBADF764" box="[1036,1121,2172,2190]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="268.0">268 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D8E6C7162FFDFFB22F79BFA12F77E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4894234374" box="[1156,1502,2166,2196]" collectionCode="MB" country="Angola" location="ANGOLA" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MB 2336" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352C4A17162FFDFFB22F79BFB3FF764" box="[1156,1267,2172,2190]" name="Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE32C4A7162FFDFFAA5F79BFAA9F77E" box="[1283,1381,2166,2196]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">MB 2336</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD29D47162FFDFFADEF79AFA02F765" box="[1400,1486,2173,2191]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="780.0">780 mm</quantity>
|
||
.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |