482 lines
76 KiB
XML
482 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="BC1AD716FB437B4C23B2E09F2902D85D" ID-CLB-Dataset="26339" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4624.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74b21454-6e08-4a83-9171-1cf24bde6b10" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3264636" ID-ZooBank="FF8F9EB6-99B0-4D7A-B124-8EDA6E40FB41" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1561958883431" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gadallah, Sohair M., Nasser, Mohamad G., Farag, Shaimaa M., Elhawary, Mohammad O. & Hossny, Alaa" docDate="2019" docId="03AAAF13FF9B18090E8C91A3FE270497" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4624.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4624 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Deroplax silphoides" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="393" masterDocId="FF93D76BFF99180F0E1B922EFFD6075C" masterDocTitle="Deroplax silphoides (Thunberg, 1783) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Invasive Species in Egypt with additional morphological and behavioral data" masterLastPageNumber="396" masterPageNumber="387" pageNumber="389" updateTime="1698737784581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="416C36EAF7D798E6BB8BACE666D2D2AB">Deroplax silphoides (Thunberg, 1783) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Invasive Species in Egypt with additional morphological and behavioral data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC66DBACEF0DBB171FBD1DAF27973161">Gadallah, Sohair M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C788D49ED5C15D349A71CFB44A1139ED">Nasser, Mohamad G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="110B66494FCE00EE37721A0EB0A3D100">Farag, Shaimaa M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6FFB2DCEEB804198FDF842AED0D6F68">Elhawary, Mohammad O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4EFC78EF064F1E048700747F0C1145E">Hossny, Alaa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9E8E02FEE2D654F67CC53901F23DC8DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DA5BCBA755E49BD9F86DDA2E9A46B5FF">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="475E5495ACE48AC697B1DEC9076A33F1">2019-07-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5AA328F67EB3D6C8F2C8170826710307">4624</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AAAF13FF9B18090E8C91A3FE270497" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158485236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AAAF13FF9B18090E8C91A3FE270497" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AAAF13FF9B18090E8C91A3FE270497" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<subSubSection id="C3194D8EFF9B180D0E8C91A3FDBF04FB" box="[151,617,909,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C91A3FDBF04FB" blockId="2.[151,617,909,971]" box="[151,617,909,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<heading id="D0F4A969FF9B180D0E8C91A3FDBF04FB" bold="true" box="[151,617,909,936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0E8C91A3FDBF04FB" authority="(Thunberg, 1783)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[151,617,909,936]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C91A3FDBF04FB" bold="true" box="[151,617,909,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C91A3FE5E04F4" bold="true" box="[151,392,909,936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Deroplax silphoides</emphasis>
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(Thunberg, 1783)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3194D8EFF9B180D0E8C919FFF3A0497" box="[151,236,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C919FFF3A0497" blockId="2.[151,617,909,971]" box="[151,236,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0EBB919FFF350497" box="[160,227,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1994,2019]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,1144,1966]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[148,1434,1137,1975]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of adult Deroplax silphoides: A) dorsal; B) lateral; C) ventral view male; D) ventral view Female" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264642/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3194D8EFF9B180D0E8C91D8FAD20245" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C91D8FDCC0352" blockId="2.[151,743,1013,1161]" box="[151,538,1013,1038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0E8C91D8FDC00352" authority="Thunberg, 1783: 29" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1783" box="[151,534,1013,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C91D8FE930352" box="[151,325,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Cimex silphoides</emphasis>
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Thunberg, 1783: 29
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C963BFDD60371" blockId="2.[151,743,1013,1161]" box="[151,512,1044,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0E8C963BFE2A0371" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 528" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="528" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,508,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C963BFEF40370" box="[151,290,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Cimex stigma</emphasis>
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Fabricius, 1798: 528
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C961DFDB50317" blockId="2.[151,743,1013,1161]" box="[151,611,1074,1099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0E8C961DFD890317" authority="Signoret, 1861: 918" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="918" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,607,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Odontotarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquerelii">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C961DFE5B0317" box="[151,397,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Odontotarsus coquerelii</emphasis>
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Signoret, 1861: 918
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C967CFD130336" blockId="2.[151,743,1013,1161]" box="[151,709,1105,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0E8C967CFD170336" authority="Kirkaldy, 1909: 282" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,705,1105,1130]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="silphoides" variety="stigmata">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C967CFEB50336" box="[151,355,1106,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Deroplax silphoides</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0F8E967CFE3A0335" box="[405,492,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">stigmata</emphasis>
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Kirkaldy, 1909: 282
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C965EFD3103D4" blockId="2.[151,743,1013,1161]" box="[151,743,1136,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0E8C965EFD3403D4" authority="Kirkaldy, 1909: 282" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,738,1136,1161]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="silphoides" variety="schoutedeni">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C965EFEB503D4" box="[151,355,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Deroplax silphoides</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0F8E965EFDD803D4" box="[405,526,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">schoutedeni</emphasis>
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Kirkaldy, 1909: 282
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0E8C9698FAD20245" blockId="2.[151,1437,1206,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0E8C9698FE61038D" bold="true" box="[151,439,1206,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Morphological features.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9B180D0FA49699FD74038D" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[447,674,1207,1233]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0FA49699FD74038D" box="[447,674,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Deroplax silphoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens (
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<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0D2B9699FCA5038D" box="[816,883,1207,1233]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1994,2019]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,1144,1966]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[148,1434,1137,1975]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of adult Deroplax silphoides: A) dorsal; B) lateral; C) ventral view male; D) ventral view Female" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264642/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–D) possess the combination of characters that are characteristic of the subfamily Hoteinae: body ovoid with blackish pattern, metathoracic scent gland with a distinct comma-shaped peritreme, both sexes with sublateral stridulatory vittae on the abdominal sterna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3194D8EFF9B180B0EDC970DFB8E00AE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180D0EDC970DFD9A0099" blockId="2.[151,1437,1206,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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In addition to the morphological features previously mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0DAB970DFB9B0261" author="Leston, D." box="[944,1101,1314,1341]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="48 - 60" refId="ref4570" refString="Leston, D. (1953) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea X. Some specimens from southern Africa in the South African Museum, with a note on the remarkable pygophore of Elvisura irrorata Spinola and description of a new species of Piezodorus Fieber. Annals of the South African Museum, 41, 48 - 60." type="journal article" year="1953">Leston (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0A99970DFA4E0261" author="Novoselsky, T. & Furth, D. G. & Eger, J. E. & Zvik, Y." box="[1154,1432,1314,1341]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref4914" refString="Novoselsky, T., Furth, D. G., Eger, J. E. & Zvik, Y. (2015) Deroplax silphoides (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae): A new plant pest in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 44 - 54, 5 - 12.]" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Novoselsky
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<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0B16970AFAEB0261" box="[1293,1341,1315,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, in the present investigation, we have discovered that the basal third of the scutellum (
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<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0A739769FB35023D" box="[1128,1251,1351,1377]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1994,2019]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,1144,1966]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[148,1434,1137,1975]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of adult Deroplax silphoides: A) dorsal; B) lateral; C) ventral view male; D) ventral view Female" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264642/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
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) is depressed in the middle, and it is provided with three prominent transverse grooves. The abdominal terga are characterized by triangular and dome-shaped micro-sculptures (
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<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0CB997A1FCCA02F5" box="[674,796,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
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); the abdominal sterna are covered with polygonal scalelike micro-sculptures interspersed with minute spines and hairs bearing disks (
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<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0A1B979DFB8C0291" box="[1024,1114,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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). Furthermore, the following characteristic feature has been noticed on the abdominal sterna: scent gland openings have been observed in the adults of both sexes as two concave inflections with curved cilia at midline of posterior margin of sternum III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0B7497D5FF010165" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3C, a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of ventral abdominal glands in males and some females of many groups of Pentatomorpha was reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0F4C946DFDDA0101" author="Carayon, J." box="[343,524,1603,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="867 - 870" refId="ref4167" refString="Carayon, J. (1981) Dimorphisme sexuel des glandes tegumentaires et production de pheromones chez les Hemipteres Pentatomoidea. Compte Rendu de l'Academie des Sciences, 3 (292), 867 - 870." type="journal article" year="1981">Carayon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0C02946DFC800101" author="McDonald, F. J. & Cassis, G." box="[537,854,1603,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="537 - 572" refId="ref4785" refString="McDonald, F. J. & Cassis, G. (1984) Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera). Australian Journal of Zoology, 32, 537 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9840537" type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3145E95FF9B180D0C02946DFD470101" box="[537,657,1603,1629]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">McDonald</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Cassis (1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0D7F946DFB710101" author="Staddon, B. W. & Edmunds, M. G." box="[868,1191,1603,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="189 - 203" refId="ref5258" refString="Staddon, B. W. & Edmunds, M. G. (1991) Gland regional and spatial patterns in the abdominal sternites of some pentatomoid Heteroptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of France, New Series, 27 (2), 189 - 203." type="journal article" year="1991">Staddon & Edmunds (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0AFD946DFA4E0101" author="Staddon, B. W." box="[1254,1432,1603,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="177 - 182" refId="ref5224" refString="Staddon, B. W. (1999) Notes on pregenital abdominal glandular structures of British Pentatomoidea (Hem.). The Entomologist's monthly magazin, 135, 177 - 182." type="journal article" year="1999">Staddon (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Many of these glandular systems, especially in males, were considered to be concerned with the production of sex pheromones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0F3494A5FDD901F9" author="Staddon, B. W. & Thorne, M. J. & Knight, D. W." box="[303,527,1675,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="227 - 234" refId="ref5361" refString="Staddon, B. W., Thorne, M. J. & Knight, D. W. (1987) The scent glands and their chemicals in the aposematic Cotton Harlequin Bug, Tectocoris diophthalmus (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 35, 227 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9870227" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Staddon
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0F8F94A2FE1001F9" box="[404,454,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0C0094A5FD6F01F9" author="Staddon, B. W." box="[539,697,1675,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="2195 - 2201" refId="ref5179" refString="Staddon, B. W. (1990) Male sternal pheromone glands in acanthosomatid shield bugs from Britain, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16 (7), 2195 - 2201. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01026930" type="journal article" year="1990">Staddon 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0CD894A5FC8B01FA" author="Aldrich, J. R." box="[707,861,1675,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="199 - 233" refId="ref4029" refString="Aldrich, J. R. (1996) Sex pheromones in Homoptera and Heteroptera. In: Schaefer, C. W. (Ed.), Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, pp. 199 - 233." type="book chapter" year="1996">Aldrich 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our case, the gland may be concerned with aggregative behavior as it found in both sexes. But this needs further research. Sublateral striated patches are present on sterna IV–VI (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0F7B94FDFE0001B2" box="[352,470,1747,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3C, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, special stripe-like structures were observed as a transverse longitudinal golden stripe between each spiracle and trichobothria, stripes on sterna III–VI are long and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0B1594D9FAB5004D" box="[1294,1379,1783,1809]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and their bases inserted between the trichobothria (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0CB79535FCD20069" box="[684,772,1819,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), while shorter and clubbed on sternum VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9B180D0B129535FAB40069" box="[1289,1378,1819,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and its base lies above the trichobothria. The presence of specialized cuticular patches on the abdominal sterna was previously recorded in pentatomid bugs by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0C9E954DFCA20021" author="Staddon, B. W. & Thorne, M. J. & Ahmad, I." box="[645,884,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="391 - 405" refId="ref5308" refString="Staddon, B. W., Thorne, M. J. & Ahmad, I. (1994) Additional data on variation in specialized cuticular patches of true bugs in family Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). European Journal of Entomology, 91 (4), 391 - 405." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Staddon
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9B180D0CF3954AFCCD0021" box="[744,795,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who suggested that these patches were an aid to thermoregulation. In our case though, the investigated stripes seem to be correlated with the trichobothria in location, their function needs more studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9B180C0EDC95E1FA4705F7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1206,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,153,1115]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
The male aedeagus was previously investigated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0D3995E1FC1200B5" author="Leston, D." box="[802,964,1998,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="48 - 60" refId="ref4570" refString="Leston, D. (1953) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea X. Some specimens from southern Africa in the South African Museum, with a note on the remarkable pygophore of Elvisura irrorata Spinola and description of a new species of Piezodorus Fieber. Annals of the South African Museum, 41, 48 - 60." type="journal article" year="1953">Leston (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9B180D0A1995E1FB0600B5" author="Carapezza, A." box="[1026,1232,1999,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="197 - 212" refId="ref4133" refString="Carapezza, A. (2009) On some Old World Scutelleridae (Heteroptera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Paris, New Series, 25, 197 - 212. [2008]" type="journal article" year="2009">Carapezza (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The aedeagus in specimens examined during the present study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0CBC92B7FCE007E8" box="[679,822,153,180]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4A, a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) agree with the detailed features reported in those two studies. It has two pairs of basally united sclerotized conjunctival processes; the first pair is represented by unequal finger-like extensions with pointed apices; the second pair is biramous, with one arm produced into an elongate filiform extension surpassing the apex of the vesica. The penisfilum is elongate and coiled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0A74932BFB34067C" box="[1135,1250,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4A, b</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the vesical is dorsoventrally flattened. The parameres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0C9E9307FD23061F" box="[645,757,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4A, c</figureCitation>
|
||
) are broadened at the middle with the apical half of the stem provided with long hairs on the outer side, and the preapical region of the crown is characterized by a scaled texture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0EBB935FFEC006D0" box="[160,278,369,396]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4A, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The female terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0C2A935FFD7706D7" box="[561,673,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4B, a</figureCitation>
|
||
) has the laterotergites VIII narrow and strongly tapered towards the midline, the laterotergites IX are moderate in size and broadened at the middle. The valvifers VIII are sub-triangular and weakly concave along the outer margins. The female spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0DDE9397FB830688" box="[965,1109,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4B, a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) is similar to that figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0E8C93F3FE8B06AB" author="Carapezza, A." box="[151,349,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="197 - 212" refId="ref4133" refString="Carapezza, A. (2009) On some Old World Scutelleridae (Heteroptera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Paris, New Series, 25, 197 - 212. [2008]" type="journal article" year="2009">Carapezza (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Fig. 25 on p. 207), with the receptacle sclerotized, spherical at apex, and connected by a distinct neck-like structure; the receptacle and pumping region has many pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0DCC902FFB990540" box="[983,1103,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" captionTargetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,151,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital parts of Deroplax silphoides: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4B, b</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar to that found in the scutellerid bug
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9A180C0F5C9008FD7B051C" authority="(Schrank)" authorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[327,685,549,576]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Eurygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0F5C9008FDE00563" box="[327,566,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Eurygaster austriaca</emphasis>
|
||
(Schrank)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0CA6900BFC7D0563" author="Candan, S. & Suludere, Z. & Gullu, M." box="[701,939,549,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="653 - 662" refId="ref4076" refString="Candan, S., Suludere, Z. & Gullu, M. (2011) Description of spermatheca and eggs of Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank, 1778) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35 (5), 653 - 662" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Candan
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0D069008FC860563" box="[797,848,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who also reported that this feature had not been documented for any other scutellerid and pentatomid species). The intermediate part of the pumping region is straight, delimited by two well-developed flanges, the proximal one is more expanded. The unsclerotized zone occupies nearly the entire length of intermediate part. The spermathecal duct is long, convoluted, and without dilation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9A180C0EDC909BFEC90307" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
Microscopic examination of the egg chorion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9A180C0CC59098FCA40593" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[734,882,693,719]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0CC59098FCA40593" box="[734,882,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">D. silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that the chorion surface is characterized by a polygonal reticulated pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0C3390F7FD5405AF" box="[552,642,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,1019,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1010,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggs of Deroplax silphoides: A) Polygonal reticulated patterns without granules; B) Polygonal reticulated patterns with polymorphic granules; C) Micropyles (arrows), (D) Micropyles with central canal at inner side of eggshell; (E) Egg-burster with its tail" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), some of which also have polymorphic granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0ADE90F7FAC905AF" box="[1221,1311,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,1019,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1010,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggs of Deroplax silphoides: A) Polygonal reticulated patterns without granules; B) Polygonal reticulated patterns with polymorphic granules; C) Micropyles (arrows), (D) Micropyles with central canal at inner side of eggshell; (E) Egg-burster with its tail" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A ring of widely separated aero-micropylar processes was observed on the outer surface of the egg, around its anterior pole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0EBB910FFF2E0467" box="[160,248,800,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,1019,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1010,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggs of Deroplax silphoides: A) Polygonal reticulated patterns without granules; B) Polygonal reticulated patterns with polymorphic granules; C) Micropyles (arrows), (D) Micropyles with central canal at inner side of eggshell; (E) Egg-burster with its tail" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), each aero-micropylar process has a central canal that can be seen on the inner side of the eggshell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0B74910FFF6A0403" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,1019,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1010,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggs of Deroplax silphoides: A) Polygonal reticulated patterns without granules; B) Polygonal reticulated patterns with polymorphic granules; C) Micropyles (arrows), (D) Micropyles with central canal at inner side of eggshell; (E) Egg-burster with its tail" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). This canal serves for the passage of sperm, and participates in gas exchange in many heteropteran bugs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0B4B916BFEC104DF" author="Southwood, T. R. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="163 - 221" refId="ref5115" refString="Southwood, T. R. E. (1956) The structure of the eggs of the terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 108, 163 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1956. tb 02269. x" type="journal article" year="1956">Southwood 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0F399147FE6D04D8" author="Cobben, R. H." box="[290,443,873,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" refId="ref4264" refString="Cobben, R. H. (1968) Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part I Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. Agricultural Research Reports 707, Wageningen, 475 pp." type="book" year="1968">Cobben 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The egg burster can be seen by light microscope as a highly sclerotized blackish-brown triangular configuration connected with a soft median part and ending with a tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9A180C0A2191A3FB4704FB" box="[1082,1169,908,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,1019,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1010,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggs of Deroplax silphoides: A) Polygonal reticulated patterns without granules; B) Polygonal reticulated patterns with polymorphic granules; C) Micropyles (arrows), (D) Micropyles with central canal at inner side of eggshell; (E) Egg-burster with its tail" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The egg-burster helps with the breaking of the chorion at the time of hatching (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0D07919FFC370497" author="Southwood, T. R. E." box="[796,993,944,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="163 - 221" refId="ref5115" refString="Southwood, T. R. E. (1956) The structure of the eggs of the terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 108, 163 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1956. tb 02269. x" type="journal article" year="1956">Southwood 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The reticulated pattern of the chorion surface and the remaining of the egg-burster attached to the eggshell were also observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0A8091FBFA5604B3" author="Candan, S. & Suludere, Z. & Gullu, M." box="[1179,1408,981,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="653 - 662" refId="ref4076" refString="Candan, S., Suludere, Z. & Gullu, M. (2011) Description of spermatheca and eggs of Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank, 1778) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35 (5), 653 - 662" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Candan
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0AEC91F8FAFE04B3" box="[1271,1320,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9A180C0EEA91D4FE09034F" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[241,479,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Eurygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0EEA91D4FE09034F" box="[241,479,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Eurygaster austriaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Egg characteristics may have great taxonomic value for the recognition of Heteropteran bugs at the generic level (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0FEF9633FD03036B" author="Matesco, V. C. & Furstenau, B. R. & Bernardes, J. L. & Schwertner, C. F. & Grazia, J." box="[500,725,1053,1079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref4729" refString="Matesco, V. C., Furstenau, B. R., Bernardes, J. L., Schwertner, C. F. & Grazia, J. (2009) Morphological features of the eggs of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 1984, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Matesco
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0C479630FD5B036B" box="[604,653,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and perhaps even at the specific level (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0A889633FAF8036B" author="Cobben, R. H." box="[1171,1326,1053,1079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" refId="ref4264" refString="Cobben, R. H. (1968) Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part I Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. Agricultural Research Reports 707, Wageningen, 475 pp." type="book" year="1968">Cobben 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9A180C0B229633FEC40307" author="Suludere, Z. & Candan, S. & Kalender, Y." pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="27 - 56" refId="ref5427" refString="Suludere, Z., Candan, S. & Kalender, Y. (1999) Chorionic sculpturing in eggs of six species of Eurydema (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) A scanning electron microscope investigation. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 1 (2), 27 - 56." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Suludere
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0E8C966CFF190307" box="[151,207,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C4E8DFF9A180C0E8C95E4FA9000BF" box="[151,1350,1994,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264642/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" startId="3.[151,250,1994,2019]" targetBox="[154,1426,1144,1966]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9A180C0E8C95E4FA9000BF" blockId="3.[151,1350,1994,2019]" box="[151,1350,1994,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0E8C95E4FEC500BF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1994,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9A180C0FD895E5FD5900BF" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[451,655,1995,2019]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9A180C0FD895E5FD5900BF" box="[451,655,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Deroplax silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A) dorsal; B) lateral; C) ventral view male; D) ventral view Female
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C4E8DFF9D180B0E8C97CCFAF601D7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" startId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" targetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9D180B0E8C97CCFAF601D7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1506,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9D180B0E8C97CCFEC202A7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1506,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9D180B0F0797CCFE3A02A7" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[284,492,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">Deroplax silphoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9D180B0EDC9496FB8E00AE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1720,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
|
||
The specimens studied in this project, however, differ from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9D180B0D8F9497FBFE018F" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[916,1064,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9D180B0D8F9497FBFE018F" box="[916,1064,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">D. silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens that have been examined from other studies in several respects. For example, the sublateral stridulatory vittae was present on sterna IV–VI in the examined specimens while in previous studies, it was observed only on sterna V–VI (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9D180B0AFB952FFA4E0047" author="Carapezza, A." box="[1248,1432,1793,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="197 - 212" refId="ref4133" refString="Carapezza, A. (2009) On some Old World Scutelleridae (Heteroptera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Paris, New Series, 25, 197 - 212. [2008]" type="journal article" year="2009">Carapezza 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9D180B0E8C950AFE4D0063" author="Novoselsky, T. & Furth, D. G. & Eger, J. E. & Zvik, Y." box="[151,411,1828,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref4914" refString="Novoselsky, T., Furth, D. G., Eger, J. E. & Zvik, Y. (2015) Deroplax silphoides (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae): A new plant pest in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 44 - 54, 5 - 12.]" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novoselsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9D180B0F39950BFE8D0063" box="[290,347,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9D180B0FA9950AFE200063" box="[434,502,1828,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Deroplax silphoides: (A, B) texture of male abdominal terga: (A) dorsal and (B) dorsolateral views; (C–G) male abdominal sterna: (C) abdominal sterna III–VI showing scent gland opening and stridulatory patches, (a) scent gland opening at higher magnification, (b) stridulatory patch at higher magnification, (D) texture of sterna, (E–G) stripe-like structures: (E) showing base of stripe inserted between trichobotheria on sternum III, (F) showing a narrow stripe on sternum III, (G) showing a clubbed stripe on sternum VII. Sco: scent gland opening, Sp: spiracle, Str: stridulatory patch, Tri: trichobothrium" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, p. 7). Also, the penisfilum of the male aedeagus was relatively shorter than the extremely prolonged part illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9D180B0C2E9567FD2D003F" author="Carapezza, A." box="[565,763,1865,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="197 - 212" refId="ref4133" refString="Carapezza, A. (2009) On some Old World Scutelleridae (Heteroptera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Paris, New Series, 25, 197 - 212. [2008]" type="journal article" year="2009">Carapezza (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Figs. 19, 20, p. 205). Additionally, the female spermathecal had the receptacle spherical at the apex, and connected by a distinct neck, which is longer than in specimens examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9D180B0EF495BFFE6200F7" author="Carapezza, A." box="[239,436,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="197 - 212" refId="ref4133" refString="Carapezza, A. (2009) On some Old World Scutelleridae (Heteroptera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Paris, New Series, 25, 197 - 212. [2008]" type="journal article" year="2009">Carapezza (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Fig. 25, p. 207) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9D180B0CBC95BEFCEC00F7" author="Czaja, J." box="[679,826,1936,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="619 - 641" refId="ref4302" refString="Czaja, J. (2016) Morphology of spermatheca in Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) and its taxonomic significance. Canadian entomologist, 148, 619 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / tce. 2016.20" type="journal article" year="2016">Czaja (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who mentioned that receptacle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9D180B0AA095BFFA9800F7" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[1211,1358,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9D180B0AA095BFFA9800F7" box="[1211,1358,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">D. silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacked the neck-like structure; the intermediate part of the pumping region is delimited by two well-developed flanges, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9D180B0E8C95F6FEFF00AF" author="Czaja, J." box="[151,297,2008,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="619 - 641" refId="ref4302" refString="Czaja, J. (2016) Morphology of spermatheca in Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) and its taxonomic significance. Canadian entomologist, 148, 619 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / tce. 2016.20" type="journal article" year="2016">Czaja (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that the distal flange was reduced in their examined specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C4E8DFF9C180A0E8C9460FBBF01AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264646/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" startId="5.[151,250,1614,1639]" targetBox="[284,1344,243,1524]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9C180A0E8C9460FBBF01AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1614,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9C180A0E8C9460FEC4013B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1614,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9C180A0FA19461FD53013B" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[442,645,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9C180A0FA19461FD53013B" box="[442,645,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Deroplax silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A: a, b) male aedeagus, lateral view, (A: c) male right paramere, lateral view, (A: d) apex of paramere; (B: a) female terminalia, (B: b) female spermatheca. B: base, 1st Cp: first conjunctival processes; 2nd Cp: second conjunctival processes, 2nd Cpe: second conjunctival processes’ extensions, Cr: crown, Dfl: distal flange, Ejr: Ejaculatory reservoir, Fec: fecundation canal, Fl: flange, Lt8, Lt9: laterotergites VIII, IX, Lvp: lateral vaginal pouch, Pfi: penisfilum, Pfl: proximal flange, R: receptacle, S: spermatheca, St: stem, V: vesica, Vf8: valvifer VIII
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3194D8EFF9C18090EDC950AFE270497" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9C180A0EDC950AFE2F00AF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1828,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9C180A0EDC950AFE630063" bold="true" box="[199,437,1828,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
Sharm El Sheikh,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7D0E7FF9C180A0C8B950BFCC20063" box="[656,788,1829,1855]" country="Egypt" name="Janub Sina'" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">South Sinai</collectingRegion>
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0D06950AFC5B0063" box="[797,909,1828,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2012-05-15">15.5.2012</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0DBA950BFC160063" box="[929,960,1829,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9C180A0DE1950BFB1F0063" box="[1018,1225,1829,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9C180A0DE1950BFB1F0063" box="[1018,1225,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Robin Bad; El Messaha street, Dokki,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7D0E7FF9C180A0FB99567FE01003F" box="[418,471,1865,1891]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Giza</collectingRegion>
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0FC59566FD96003F" box="[478,576,1864,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2016-05-05">5.5.2016</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0C4F9567FDA5003F" box="[596,627,1865,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) by Alaa Hossny; Gamal Abdel Nasser street, 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0A8F9566FB77000A" attach="left" box="[1172,1185,1864,1878]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">th</superScript>
|
||
of October City,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7D0E7FF9C180A0B7C9567FA4A003F" box="[1383,1436,1865,1891]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Giza</collectingRegion>
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0E8C9543FEC500DB" box="[151,275,1900,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2016-05-10">10. 5. 2016</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0F3F9543FE9200DB" box="[292,324,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9C180A0F6C9543FD6600DB" box="[375,688,1901,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9C180A0F6C9543FD6600DB" box="[375,688,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Chrysanthemum morifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ain Shams University, Abbassia,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7D0E7FF9C180A0A2A9543FBB900DB" box="[1073,1135,1901,1927]" country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Cairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0A6E9543FB3300DB" box="[1141,1253,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2018-02-21">21.2.2018</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0AED9543FAC300DB" box="[1270,1301,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) by Shimaa Farag,
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0EFD95BEFE9E00F7" box="[230,328,1936,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2018-03-05">5.3.2018</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0F4195BFFEAA00F7" box="[346,380,1937,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
) by Mohamad Nasser,
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0C9E95BEFD3100F7" box="[645,743,1936,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2018-05-08">8.5.2018</date>
|
||
(6 nymphs 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0D6695BEFC5C00C2" attach="left" box="[893,906,1936,1950]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">th</superScript>
|
||
& 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0DA695BEFC1C00C2" attach="left" box="[957,970,1936,1950]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">th</superScript>
|
||
instars),
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0A2895BFFB6500F7" box="[1075,1203,1936,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2018-05-13">13. 5. 2018</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0ADE95BEFB3F00F7" box="[1221,1257,1936,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0AEC95BFFACD00F7" box="[1271,1307,1937,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 11nymphs 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0EBE959AFF140093" attach="none" box="[165,194,1972,1999]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">rd–</superScript>
|
||
5
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0ED4959AFF0A009E" attach="left" box="[207,220,1972,1986]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">th</superScript>
|
||
instars,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0F2C959BFEA5008C" box="[311,371,1973,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="egg">3 egg</specimenCount>
|
||
patches),
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9C180A0FFF959AFD850093" box="[484,595,1972,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" value="2018-05-30">30.5.2018</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0C79959BFD410093" box="[610,663,1973,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="male">20♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05D58CFF9C180A0CBA959BFD050093" box="[673,723,1973,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="female">23♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 17 nymphs 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0D76959AFCAD009E" attach="left" box="[877,891,1972,1986]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">rd</superScript>
|
||
–5
|
||
<superScript id="7C76B34DFF9C180A0D86959AFC7C009E" attach="left" box="[925,938,1972,1986]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">th</superScript>
|
||
instars) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9C180A0A31959BFB200093" box="[1066,1270,1973,1999]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9C180A0A31959BFB200093" box="[1066,1270,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Sohair Gad Allah & Mohammad Elhawary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9F18090EDC92B6FB1B06F3" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090EDC92B6FE7A07EF" bold="true" box="[199,428,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Field observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Adults and nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090CAF92B4FC9F07EF" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[692,841,153,179]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090CAF92B4FC9F07EF" box="[692,841,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">D. silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed in the botanical garden of Ain Shams University in
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9F18090F2B9293FEB5078B" box="[304,355,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" value="2018-05">May</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FFBD38C5FF9F18090F9E9293FE2C078B" box="[389,506,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" value="2018-06">June 2018</date>
|
||
. All specimens were found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090D569293FBCC078B" box="[845,1050,189,215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090D569293FBCC078B" box="[845,1050,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it appears that none moved to adjacent ornamental plants, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090FE692CCFC1407A0" authority="Bailey" authorityName="Bailey" box="[509,962,225,252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Duranta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variegata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090FE692CCFD1B07A7" box="[509,717,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Duranta variegata</emphasis>
|
||
Bailey (Verbenaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090DD492CCFAE407A7" authority="Thunb." authorityName="Thunb." box="[975,1330,225,251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090DD492CCFB8207A7" box="[975,1108,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Ficus nitida</emphasis>
|
||
Thunb. (Moraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090B2492CCFF3B0643" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090B2492CCFF3B0643" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Lantana camara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090F07932BFE78067C" box="[284,430,261,288]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090FEB932BFC8E067C" authority="(Boj.)" baseAuthorityName="Boj." box="[496,856,261,288]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Delonix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090FEB932BFD5F0643" box="[496,649,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Delonix regia</emphasis>
|
||
(Boj.) (Fabaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similar to numerous species of scutellerids that are known to exhibit aggregative behavior (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9F18090C7B9307FC90061F" author="Javahery, M. & Schaefer C. W. & Lattin, J. D." box="[608,838,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" pagination="475 - 503" refId="ref4654" refString="Javahery, M., Schaefer C. W. & Lattin, J. D. (2000) Shield bugs (Scutelleridae). In: Schaefer, C. W. & Panizzi, A. R. (Eds.), Heteroptera of economic importance. CRC, Boca Raton, pp. 475 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781420041859. ch 14" type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Javahery
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090CD19304FD2A061F" box="[714,764,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), adults and second through fifth instar nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090B9A9304FEDF063B" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090B9A9304FEDF063B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">D. silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in mass aggregations amongst dry fruit capsules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090DD49363FB4B063B" box="[975,1181,333,359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090DD49363FB4B063B" box="[975,1181,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They fed on the seeds and moved among the branches and leaves. When disturbed, they fell to the ground. In contrast,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9263F4FF9F18090AC3935FFF3406F3" author="Novoselsky, T. & Furth, D. G. & Eger, J. E. & Zvik, Y." pageId="6" pageNumber="393" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref4914" refString="Novoselsky, T., Furth, D. G., Eger, J. E. & Zvik, Y. (2015) Deroplax silphoides (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae): A new plant pest in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 44 - 54, 5 - 12.]" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novoselsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090B7F935CFA4306D7" box="[1380,1429,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that the bugs usually remained firmly attached to the plant during a disturbance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9F18090EDC9397FBC9053F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
The number of eggs in each egg mass ranged between 9–13, and they were glued onto the fruit capsules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C036586FF9F18090E8C93F3FEB306AB" box="[151,357,477,503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977C217FF9F18090E8C93F3FEB306AB" box="[151,357,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Eggs were spherical-shaped; golden yellow with reddish spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9F18090A2293F3FB7A06AB" box="[1081,1196,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1454,1479]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,204,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,199,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Deroplax silphoides: (A) Egg masses on fruit capsules of Dodonaea viscosa: (a) before hatching time, (b) at hatching time, (c) hatched-egg mass showing egg burster (arrow); (B): (a) newly-emerged adult still attached to exuvia, (b, c) exuvia (b) on leaves and (c) on branches; (C) early emerged adult female: (a) ventral and (b) dorsal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6A, a</figureCitation>
|
||
); they became darker as the nymphs developed, and they became more transparent at time of hatching which allowed the dark nymph inside to become visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9F18090FA1900BFDE7051C" box="[442,561,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1454,1479]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,204,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,199,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Deroplax silphoides: (A) Egg masses on fruit capsules of Dodonaea viscosa: (a) before hatching time, (b) at hatching time, (c) hatched-egg mass showing egg burster (arrow); (B): (a) newly-emerged adult still attached to exuvia, (b, c) exuvia (b) on leaves and (c) on branches; (C) early emerged adult female: (a) ventral and (b) dorsal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6A, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). After hatching, a circular operculum was observed, and the black triangular egg burster was visible, attached to inner side of the empty eggshell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9F18090D869067FBC7053F" box="[925,1041,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1454,1479]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,204,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,199,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Deroplax silphoides: (A) Egg masses on fruit capsules of Dodonaea viscosa: (a) before hatching time, (b) at hatching time, (c) hatched-egg mass showing egg burster (arrow); (B): (a) newly-emerged adult still attached to exuvia, (b, c) exuvia (b) on leaves and (c) on branches; (C) early emerged adult female: (a) ventral and (b) dorsal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6A, c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9F18090EDC9043FBEF04DF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
At each molt, the adults, as well as nymphs, firmly attached themselves to branches or leaves, shed their skins, and left the cast skins behind while they moved to another place on the plant. When we observed the insects at molting time (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9F18090F1B909BFEA60593" box="[256,368,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1454,1479]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,204,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,199,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Deroplax silphoides: (A) Egg masses on fruit capsules of Dodonaea viscosa: (a) before hatching time, (b) at hatching time, (c) hatched-egg mass showing egg burster (arrow); (B): (a) newly-emerged adult still attached to exuvia, (b, c) exuvia (b) on leaves and (c) on branches; (C) early emerged adult female: (a) ventral and (b) dorsal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6B, a</figureCitation>
|
||
), we found that it emerged through a longitudinal incision along the midline of the pronotum and scutellum with, the help of a transverse incision at base of head. Many exuviae were found with the head separated from the pronotum and slanted forward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9F18090C7590D3FCD5044B" box="[622,771,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1454,1479]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,204,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,199,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Deroplax silphoides: (A) Egg masses on fruit capsules of Dodonaea viscosa: (a) before hatching time, (b) at hatching time, (c) hatched-egg mass showing egg burster (arrow); (B): (a) newly-emerged adult still attached to exuvia, (b, c) exuvia (b) on leaves and (c) on branches; (C) early emerged adult female: (a) ventral and (b) dorsal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6B, b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both the pronotum and scutellum opened longitudinally along the middle, connected only with the lateral margins of the thorax, while separated from other margins. Newly emerged adults (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13380280FF9F18090F4B916BFE70043C" box="[336,422,837,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1454,1479]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,204,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,199,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Deroplax silphoides: (A) Egg masses on fruit capsules of Dodonaea viscosa: (a) before hatching time, (b) at hatching time, (c) hatched-egg mass showing egg burster (arrow); (B): (a) newly-emerged adult still attached to exuvia, (b, c) exuvia (b) on leaves and (c) on branches; (C) early emerged adult female: (a) ventral and (b) dorsal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3264652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) have an immaculate light yellowish-green body with red appendages. Their characteristic black pattern on dorsal and ventral sides developed within few hours after molting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC1E05FF9F18090EDC91A3FE270497" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Although the insect is native to a tropical region, based on our observations it can survive up to a week or more at temperatures as low as 2 °C.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |