125 lines
13 KiB
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125 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="BC29E4AF3064ACBE1E9EAD559DB282EA" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140" ID-CLB-Dataset="32975" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.583183" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583183" ID-ZooBank="2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495696370209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jong, Rienk De" docDate="2017" docId="03AA87D32865FFF2F7F0FF1FFCDDB2BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4270 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nymphalites scudderi" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF93FFAB2840FFD7F767FF87FFA3B03E" masterDocTitle="Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698439901205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="130721A8D93ABFB806B5603678AD69BD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="63E0B96C02A9051D9A07BB9EE34A421B">
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<mods:title id="589B7042988F94248CBCD2E360B4AAAB">Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F20F66064BEDB28777BF5355A16545FB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="66C00509B95BB2E67DEBD9B8034CBC7B">Jong, Rienk De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AF974CA025D97454F0C219565C4C5082">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="980413864E450B7690BC88A2AEDC14BE">
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<mods:title id="75327CA4281B5ECC7E3EBC54319FF3DE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1558DD1D9DA24FED81FDD8544C856A93">
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<mods:date id="1DC19954719CCC7233FB0C293BD3E135">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E7179FC43E52B0C269694A3BCB29E6BB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6DAB9EA9B225F09AD4E3CDEF42D835C0">4270</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7820D52AB07D4AF02CBD31B3D3452106" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3DE131ABEAE6BECE05F415254C111CB5">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="D669D908191C647115DC0B6ACEB656B3">63</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="39E700AC555C98392A52A9D25F99B93B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="90B249FC9B47B4DDE6F280FCA49E13AC" type="CLB-Dataset">32975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D8D3EE82F87990BFCBAA2DFB851339C1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.583183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D47F439FC41FAA41240EC91414799225" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="24418AA1F485F6CD00DCA1158ECCC990" type="Zenodo-Dep">583183</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03AA87D32865FFF2F7F0FF1FFCDDB2BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6047046" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6047046" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D32865FFF2F7F0FF1FFCDDB2BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D32865FFF2F7F0FF1FFCDDB2BD" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="C319654E2865FFF2F7F0FF1FFE9BB0C9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52865FFF2F7F0FF1FFC0FB08C" blockId="37.[151,940,152,178]" box="[151,940,152,178]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="D0F481A92865FFF2F7F0FF1FFC0FB08C" bold="true" box="[151,940,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F7F0FF1FFC0FB08C" bold="true" box="[151,940,152,178]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F7F0FF1FFEA6B08C" bold="true" box="[151,261,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F7F0FF1FFEA2B08C" ID-CoL="94LVL" box="[151,257,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nymphalites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">scudderi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F66BFF1FFC0FB08C" authority="Beutenmuller & Cockerell, 1908" authorityName="Beutenmuller & Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[268,940,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nymphalites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F66BFF1FFDB1B08C" bold="true" box="[268,530,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Nymphalites scudderi</emphasis>
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Beutenmüller &
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342865FFF2F58CFF1FFC0FB08C" author="Cockerell" box="[747,940,152,178]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1908) Fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 59 - 69." type="journal article" year="1908">Cockerell, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52865FFF2F7F0FF58FE9BB0C9" blockId="37.[151,1436,222,643]" box="[151,312,222,247]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Incertae sedis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C319654E2865FFF2F7A0FE84FCDDB2BD" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52865FFF2F7A0FE84FC44B124" blockId="37.[151,1436,222,643]" box="[199,999,258,283]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6B3C982865FFF2F7A0FE84FC44B124" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739240" box="[199,999,258,283]" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" location="Teller County" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552865FFF2F7A0FE84FEA1B125" box="[199,258,259,283]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F66AFE85FEDBB125" box="[269,376,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
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<collectingRegion id="49C7F8272865FFF2F66AFE85FEDBB125" box="[269,376,258,283]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62DD4E492865FFF2F6E4FE85FDBCB125" box="[387,543,258,283]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Teller County</collectingCounty>
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, Florissant; late Priabonian, late Eocene.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52865FFF2F7A0FEA1FC9CB101" blockId="37.[151,1436,222,643]" box="[199,831,294,319]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Depositories: AMNH (
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<typeStatus id="54B888672865FFF2F6AFFEA1FD93B101" box="[456,560,294,319]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), UCNH (counterpart?).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52865FFF2F7A0FECDFBE6B15D" blockId="37.[151,1436,222,643]" box="[199,1093,330,355]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Published figures:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342865FFF2F6FEFECDFD48B15D" author="Cockerell" box="[409,747,330,355]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1908) Fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 59 - 69." type="journal article" year="1908">Cockerell (1908: Pl. V Fig. 6)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342865FFF2F590FECDFC70B15D" author="Emmel" box="[759,979,330,355]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Emmel, T. C., Minno, M. C. & Drummond, B. A. (1992) Florissant butterflies. A guide to the fossil and present-day species of central Colorado. Stanford University Press, Stanford, x + 118 pp." type="book" year="1992">
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Emmel
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F429FECBFCDCB15D" box="[846,895,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
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. (1992
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<figureCitation id="13382A402865FFF2F4B9FECDFBBFB15D" box="[990,1052,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1073]" captionTargetBox="[167,1414,420,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[157,1429,411,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of fossil butterflies plotted ion a modern map. See Table 1 for further, complementary information." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583184/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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/9).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52865FFF2F7A0FEE9FCDDB2BD" blockId="37.[151,1436,222,643]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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The specimen is a large insect, with a forewing length of
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<quantity id="4CFB9B202865FFF2F410FEE8FC6DB1B8" box="[887,974,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
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. Venation not visible. According to the original description in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342865FFF2F6C7FE15FDC7B195" author="Cockerell" box="[416,612,402,427]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1908) Fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 59 - 69." type="journal article" year="1908">Cockerell (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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, the pattern is uniformly dark with abroad, unsharp, pale, submarginal band and is reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F6AFFE31FDE9B1F1" box="[456,586,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Basilarchia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F6AFFE31FDE9B1F1" box="[456,586,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Basilarchia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(now
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F5F5FE30FD59B1F0" box="[658,762,439,462]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Limenitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F5F5FE30FD59B1F0" box="[658,762,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Limenitis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Since this is the only reason for considering the specimen a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F631FE5DFE53B1CD" box="[342,496,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
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, the position of the fossil is highly uncertain. The size of the forewing, if compared to modern taxa, suggests that the fossil either belonged to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F441FE79FC1EB229" box="[806,957,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F484FE79FBD1B229" box="[995,1138,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Papilionidae</taxonomicName>
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, but we do not know what these butterflies looked like, say, 30 million years ago.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342865FFF2F447FDA5FBA8B205" box="[800,1035,546,571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Emmel, T. C., Minno, M. C. & Drummond, B. A. (1992) Florissant butterflies. A guide to the fossil and present-day species of central Colorado. Stanford University Press, Stanford, x + 118 pp." type="book">
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Emmel
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F41CFDA3FC0CB205" box="[891,943,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
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. (1992)
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</bibRefCitation>
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placed the fossil in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F399FDA5FA3BB205" box="[1278,1432,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nymphalinae">Nymphalinae</taxonomicName>
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, apparently only because of the superficial resemblance to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462865FFF2F422FDC0FB1FB261" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[837,1212,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Limenitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weidemeyerii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72865FFF2F422FDC0FBEDB261" box="[837,1102,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Limenitis weidemeyerii</emphasis>
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Edwards
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</taxonomicName>
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in wing markings, although they remarked that the shape of the forewing is different.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |