773 lines
103 KiB
XML
773 lines
103 KiB
XML
<document id="C30FACE7C1B8D7A42DE02268619CD1FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="29394" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="328adfa4-4626-461b-a14e-837fd43ed77f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1441683" ID-ZooBank="55F9D6C8-6A28-4291-AF99-7250501508FB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538404411341" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Channing, Alan & Willems, Frank" docDate="2018" docId="03AA87BEFFFDEF17FF4DFF7104DD0DD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4462.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4462 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ptychadena mutinondoensis Channing & Willems 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="361" masterDocId="FF93FFC6FFFBEF1BFFDAFFAC07050D24" masterDocTitle="A new grass frog with rupicolous tadpoles from northern Zambia (Anura: Ptychadenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="349" pageNumber="355" updateTime="1698561209987" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C43E3F6CCA9618A9C31748B5464CE817" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D951A6490E85B136883C6BF054253B6D">
|
||
<mods:title id="F0B83C3D0BDB016D9FF901CC7AC8D892">A new grass frog with rupicolous tadpoles from northern Zambia (Anura: Ptychadenidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="9D21CBEEEADF4A9E78A153ECCC8848F9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="92DBD096CEF2F2E04FBF2D572B507E2C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C4E00290DE691FF15D79BD04C8A45017">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="679DCBC06C516D09E689E5771D9D9B39">Channing, Alan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FAFB19DF1C8C8382C2D06FC000FD13BF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8038E71CB00CAAA3DDDE5E486AADB2EB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2B99BBB96423F6E8D5E9EA46454F3C53">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="34F85D6C75219D8425018CCA67A4B8C3">Willems, Frank</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E5C6DBCB61BB150D2F90D2B170FEECDE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A5FC2B0101EE18892A70A0F4CD01C1CA" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="950D888D6168563D0A15FD1C94574E80">
|
||
<mods:title id="2EEAF7D192A2900A93A663E5592FB088">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="98883EAC5D2B3735380336402FA32B36">
|
||
<mods:date id="729CEC6DBEDA19D09805CB426B5C14C6">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7C631FCFB4EE8C41708743C49D10F0D3" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="E3B8F2D9A740958C33FA52AA53B1B811">2018-08-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DAD0ADC61D160955C68FCB26066FB549" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="EF482452184626D6A950EC5D55D98FFC">4462</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A97AEB1A90A448295F96105283C6152C" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="2E3764E80EF669AE01C199FB9AD70F2F">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F85B020653EED563BF2CBCD43FAF0587" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="42D46E0E4CD30A8388AEFE6F8F3A0E34">349</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6719D2C954EB0DB93C2D20B6BE9AF1E5">366</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="4735C8FFE7CCAABB711379FA6A9DC509">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D5C40A687614D42174AC9DF9A5D0BFA9" type="CLB-Dataset">29394</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F1A07A0E034A3AC21CB0A166DD818E79" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1618A2D090D469FCD5962FBC9F5C8FA5" type="GBIF-Dataset">328adfa4-4626-461b-a14e-837fd43ed77f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D3E05DDD1F4B329AB961215422716E32" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A229ED563C95F24E8B053DFF37BB56F9" type="Zenodo-Dep">1441683</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5A87796EAA9551F129A95EB8EF8992A7" type="ZooBank">55F9D6C8-6A28-4291-AF99-7250501508FB</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AA87BEFFFDEF17FF4DFF7104DD0DD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961050" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148424994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87BEFFFDEF17FF4DFF7104DD0DD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BEFFFDEF17FF4DFF7104DD0DD3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3196523FFFDEF1DFF4DFF7106900C3C" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF4DFF71047D0DD3" blockId="6.[151,888,221,317]" box="[151,888,221,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<heading id="D0F481C4FFFDEF1DFF4DFF71047D0DD3" bold="true" box="[151,888,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF4DFF71047D0DD3" bold="true" box="[151,888,221,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF4DFF7106E90DD3" ID-CoL="4Q9QZ" authority="Channing & Willems, 2018" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,492,221,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF4DFF7106E90DD3" bold="true" box="[151,492,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457C1FFFDEF1DFE29FF7105540DD3" box="[499,593,221,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Channing and Willems
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF4DFF5306900C3C" blockId="6.[151,888,221,317]" box="[151,405,255,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Mutinondo Grass Frog</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3196523FFFDEF1DFF4DFE88062B0C19" box="[151,302,292,317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF4DFE88062B0C19" blockId="6.[151,888,221,317]" box="[151,302,292,317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFFDEF1DFF45FE8807E80C18" box="[159,237,292,317]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A—Lateral view of holotype of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88379). B—Sharp snout of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88380) compared to C—snout of Ptychadena broadleyi (ZMB 88389). Scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441689/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFFDEF1DFF20FE88060F0C18" box="[250,266,292,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[182,1384,591,1373]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1433,553,1398]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A—Part of the advertisement call of Ptychadena mutinondoensis, showing the clicks and brief trills. B—The advertisement call of Ptychadena broadleyi showing a typical trill of 10 pulses. Both recorded at 24°C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFFDEF1DFECCFE8806200C19" box="[278,293,292,317]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[313,1273,193,1550]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Top—Eggs of Ptychadena mutinondoensis developing in a film of water under vegetation. Below—A stage 40 tadpole ZMB 88378 from Mutinondo Wilderness. Tadpole scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3196523FFFDEF1DFF4DFEC003CB0F30" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF4DFEC004760CD4" blockId="6.[151,1437,364,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CF5FFFDEF1DFF4DFEC007D80CE9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913893042" collectingDate="2017-01-07" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Zambia" elevation="1430" latitude="-12.456" location="Mutinondo Wilderness" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="31.293" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="A" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF4DFEC0060E0CA1" bold="true" box="[151,267,364,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFFDEF1DFF4DFEC006030CA1" box="[151,262,364,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFFDEF1DFEC9FEC006220CA0" box="[275,295,364,388]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
male,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE6DFFFDEF1DFEAEFEC106B40CA0" box="[372,433,365,388]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
88379, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFFDEF1DFDCFFEC0055D0CA0" box="[533,600,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A—Lateral view of holotype of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88379). B—Sharp snout of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88380) compared to C—snout of Ptychadena broadleyi (ZMB 88389). Scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441689/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF9E980FFFDEF1DFD0DFEC104830CA0" box="[727,902,364,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" value="2017-01-07">
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFFDEF1DFD0DFEC104830CA0" box="[727,902,364,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" value="2017-01-07">7 January 2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, from
|
||
<location id="8EDC6073FFFDEF1DFC0AFEC003D10CA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87BEFFFDEF17FF4DFF7104DD0DD3:8EDC6073FFFDEF1DFC0AFEC003D10CA1" box="[976,1236,364,389]" country="Zambia" latitude="-12.456" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="31.293" name="Mutinondo Wilderness" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" stateProvince="A">Mutinondo Wilderness</location>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3147638FFFDEF1DFA9DFEC002990CA1" box="[1351,1436,364,389]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFFDEF1DFF45FE2306110C8C" box="[159,276,399,424]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" precision="55" value="-12.456">12.456° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFFDEF1DFEFEFE3C069C0C83" box="[292,409,400,424]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" precision="55" value="31.293">31.293° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="002ED19BFFFDEF1DFE72FE3C05040C8C" box="[424,513,400,424]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" unit="m" value="1430.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFFDEF1DFE72FE3C05040C8C" box="[424,513,400,424]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" unit="m" value="1430.0">1430 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFDC9FE2305940C8C" bold="true" box="[531,657,399,424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFFDEF1DFDC9FE2305880C8C" box="[531,653,399,424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Two females,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE6DFFFDEF1DFCE4FE3C047F0C83" box="[830,890,400,423]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
88377 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE6DFFFDEF1DFBDDFE3C03460C83" box="[1031,1091,400,423]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
88380, and five males,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE6DFFFDEF1DFA85FE3C02990C83" box="[1375,1436,400,423]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
88381
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CF5FFFDEF1DFF36FE1806B70CD4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913893044" collectingDate="2017-01-07" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Zambia" elevation="1430" latitude="-12.456" location="Other" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="31.293" municipality="Two" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
88385, collected at the same locality.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFD70FE1804640CE9" bold="true" box="[682,865,436,461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<location id="8EDC6073FFFDEF1DFD70FE1805F70CE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87BEFFFDEF17FF4DFF7104DD0DD3:8EDC6073FFFDEF1DFD70FE1805F70CE9" box="[682,754,436,461]" municipality="Two" name="Other" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Other</location>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8ACD2FFFDEF1DFCAEFE1904A00CE8" box="[884,933,437,460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Two</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
tadpoles
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE6DFFFDEF1DFBC3FE1903530CE8" box="[1049,1110,437,460]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
88374 and 88378, and two metamorphs
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE6DFFFDEF1DFEF2FE7406610CCB" box="[296,356,472,495]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
88375
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CF5FFFDEF1DFE1AFE7B04760CD4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913893043" box="[448,883,471,496]" collectingDate="2017-01-07" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Zambia" elevation="1430" latitude="-12.456" location="Other" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="31.293" municipality="Two" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A" typeStatus="holotype">76 all collected from the same locality.</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF1DFE5003CB0F30" blockId="6.[151,1437,364,2009]" box="[199,1230,508,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF1DFE50064C0F31" bold="true" box="[199,329,508,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Sequences.</emphasis>
|
||
16S rRNA sequences were obtained from ZMB 88375–77 and ZMB 88379–80.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3196523FFFDEF1DFF1DFDB304230A24" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF1DFDB3063E0F80" blockId="6.[151,1437,364,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF1DFDB306440F1C" bold="true" box="[199,321,543,568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
We assign the new species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFCDCFDB3048F0F1C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" box="[774,906,543,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFCDCFDB3048F0F1C" box="[774,906,543,568]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Ptychadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the vomerine teeth reaching the anterior corners of the choanae, the outer metatarsals separated by webbing from the rest of the foot, and males with external lateral vocal sacs. Comparative data were drawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B59FFFDEF1DFC4BFDC403D80FA4" box="[913,1245,615,640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" refId="ref7887" refString="Poynton, J. C. & Broadley, D. G. (1985) Amphibia Zambesiaca 2. Ranidae Annals of the Natal Museum, 27, 115 - 181." type="journal article">Poynton and Broadley (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B59FFFDEF1DFAC9FDCB06330F80" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" refId="ref7201" refString="Dehling, J. M. & Sinsch, U. (2013) Diversity of ridged frogs (Anura: Ptychadenidae: Ptychadena spp.) in wetlands of the upper Nile in Rwanda: Morphological, bioacoustic, and molecular evidence. Zoologische Anzeiger, 253, 143 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2013.08.005" type="journal article">Dehling and Sinsch (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1DFF1DFD0304230A24" blockId="6.[151,1437,364,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF1DFD03050C0FEC" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,521,687,712]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF1DFD03050C0FEC" box="[199,521,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was compared and distinguished from all other East,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFFDEF1DFB7AFD0303F70FEC" box="[1184,1266,687,712]" country="Zambia" name="Central" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFFDEF1DFAEDFD0302990FEC" box="[1335,1436,687,712]" country="Zambia" name="Southern" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Southern</collectingRegion>
|
||
African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF22FD7806790FC9" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" box="[248,380,724,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF22FD7806790FC9" box="[248,380,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Ptychadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; the following diagnosis omits the West African species. The new species has no contrasting longitudinal bands on the posterior thigh, distinguishing it from
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFBCFFD55057A0E11" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFBCFFD5503C40E34" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1045,1217,759,784]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subpunctata">P. subpunctata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB0BFD55027D0E34" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[1233,1400,759,784]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taenioscelis">P. taenioscelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA5DFD5507EB0E11" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF26FCB106870E11" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[252,386,796,821]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="upembae">P. upembae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE55FCB106F20E11" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[399,503,796,821]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDDEFCB1057F0E11" baseAuthorityName="Seetzen" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[516,634,796,821]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nilotica">P. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD60FCB104400E11" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[698,837,796,821]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFD60FCB104400E11" box="[698,837,796,821]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. anchietae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The foot is longer than half SVL, distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF0EFCED06850E7C" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[212,384,831,856]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schillukorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF0EFCED06850E7C" box="[212,384,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. schillukorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE6CFCED055E0E7C" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[438,603,831,856]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE6CFCED055E0E7C" box="[438,603,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. mossambica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has no light triangle on the snout, distinguishing it from
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFB2BFCED06A00E59" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB2BFCED029D0E7C" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1265,1432,831,856]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subpunctata">P. subpunctata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF4DFCC906150E59" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[151,272,868,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">P. obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFEC6FCC906A00E59" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[284,421,868,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">P. anchietae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE07FCC905830E59" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[477,646,868,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE07FCC905830E59" box="[477,646,868,893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. oxyrhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has three phalanges free of web on the fourth toe, distinguishing it from those with more webbing (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE24FC25056B0E84" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[510,622,903,928]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE24FC25056B0E84" box="[510,622,903,928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. keilingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD79FC2504380E84" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[675,829,903,928]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunoderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFD79FC2504380E84" box="[675,829,903,928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. bunoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). There is less than one phalanx of the fifth toe free of web, distinguishing from those with less webbing (
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFCCBFC01040E0ECC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFCCBFC0104C70EE1" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[785,962,940,965]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambica">P. mossambica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC0CFC0103570EE1" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[982,1106,940,965]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFBBCFC0103F70EE1" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1126,1266,940,965]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="upembae">P. upembae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFADCFC0102760EE1" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[1286,1395,940,965]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA5DFC01061B0ECC" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taenisocelis">P. taenisocelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFEF6FC7D06C80ECC" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[300,461,975,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunoderma">P. bunoderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE01FC7D055D0ECC" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[475,600,977,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgii">P. ansorgii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDBDFC7D040E0ECC" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[615,779,977,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosissima">P. porosissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC9DFC7D04B80ECC" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[839,957,975,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFC9DFC7D04B80ECC" box="[839,957,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The median skin folds are all similarly developed, distinguishing it from
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFDC8FC5905B10929" box="[530,692,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDC8FC5905B50929" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[530,688,1012,1037]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunoderma">P. bunoderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which has enlarged median folds. The snout is without skin folds, distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE4FFBB5053A0914" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[405,575,1049,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE4FFBB5053A0914" box="[405,575,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. uzungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFDA3FBB5040D0914" box="[633,776,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDA3FBB504010914" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[633,772,1047,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">P. broadleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC41FBBB03970914" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[923,1170,1047,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFC41FBBB03970914" box="[923,1170,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Ptychadena broadleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was characterised by a pair of short skin folds on the snout, and another between the eyes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B59FFFDEF1DFC51FB9003230970" box="[907,1062,1084,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" refId="ref7920" refString="Stevens, R. A. (1972) A new species of Ptychadena (Amphibia: Ranidae) from southern Malawi. Arnoldia, Rhodesia, 5, 1 - 14." type="journal article">Stevens 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This feature is not present in all specimens. Stevens explains the smooth snout of some specimens as a note: "Snout ridges are very indistinct in some of (the)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFFDEF1DFEE1FB29066E09B9" box="[315,363,1157,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens owing to the author's habit of injecting preservative into material during fixation, resulting in the skin being stretched and lifted from underlying muscles". Stevens was incorrect, as the skin over the top of the snout has not lifted in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFFDEF1DFD82FB61058D09C1" box="[600,648,1229,1253]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. It would be better to state that the short skin folds on the snout are not always present in adults. There is no light longitudinal line on the tibia, distinguishing it from those with such a line (
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFEFBFAB905430809" box="[289,582,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFEFBFAB906CC0809" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[289,457,1300,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subpunctata">P. subpunctata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE0FFAB905430809" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[469,582,1300,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDA4FAB904250808" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[638,800,1301,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFDA4FAB904250808" box="[638,800,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. porosissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFFDEF1DFCE2FAB804490808" box="[824,844,1300,1324]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
light line is sometimes present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFB08FAB906880874" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB08FAB9027E0809" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1234,1403,1300,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambica">P. mossambica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA5DFAB907E50874" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF36FA9506880874" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[236,397,1335,1360]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taenioscelis">P. taenioscelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE1CFA95053D0874" baseAuthorityName="Seetzen" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[454,568,1335,1360]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nilotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE1CFA95053D0874" box="[454,568,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. nilotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no row of tubercles under the fourth metatarsal, although a row of flat white marks is present, distinguishing it from species with a row of tubercles under the fourth metatarsus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFA5DFAF106180898" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA5DFAF1062108BC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambica">P. mossambica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFEEEFA2D06AE08BC" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[308,427,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE60FA2D054708BC" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[442,578,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="upembae">P. upembae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD8BFA2D05BF08BC" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[593,698,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD13FA2D046908BC" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[713,876,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunoderma">P. bunoderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFCA1FA2D04FF08BC" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[891,1018,1409,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgii">P. ansorgii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFBD0FA2D03BF08BC" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1034,1210,1409,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">P. uzungwensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB10FA2D027D08BC" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[1226,1400,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">P. grandisonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA52FA2D06180898" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosissima">P. porosissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE85FA0906DD0899" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[351,472,1444,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE85FA0906DD0899" box="[351,472,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The snout is long, with the snout—nostril distance greater than the internarial distance, which distinguishes it from those without a long snout (
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFC51FA6502410B21" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC51FA65033B08C4" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[907,1086,1479,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schillukorum">P. schillukorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB96FA6503F208C4" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1100,1271,1479,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambica">P. mossambica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFADFFA65027F08C4" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1285,1402,1479,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA5DFA6507FA0B21" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="upembae">P. upembae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFECAFA41067E0B21" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[272,379,1516,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE56FA4105080B20" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[396,525,1517,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgii">P. ansorgii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDC4FA4105A80B21" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[542,685,1516,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">P. broadleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD65FA41046A0B21" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[703,879,1516,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">P. grandisonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC5BFA41032E0B20" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[897,1067,1517,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosissima">P. porosissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFBE7FA4103B20B21" baseAuthorityName="Seetzen" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1085,1207,1516,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nilotica">P. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB13FA4102410B21" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1225,1348,1516,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">P. obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA5DFA4106010B0C" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFA5DFA4106010B0C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. anchietae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The foot is shorter than the tibia, distinguishing it from those with the foot equal to or longer than the tibia (
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF02F99904940B68" box="[216,913,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF02F999067D0B69" box="[216,376,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subpinctata">P. subpinctata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE59F99906F00B69" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[387,501,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE25F99905660B69" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[511,611,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDB4F999040A0B69" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[622,783,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taenioscelis">P. taenioscelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFCC0F99904940B68" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[794,913,1589,1612]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgii">P. ansorgii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC1CF99903320B69" baseAuthorityName="Seetzen" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[966,1079,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nilotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFC1CF99903320B69" box="[966,1079,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. nilotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The gular pouch slits of males end below the arm insertion, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDBBF9F5040E0B54" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[609,779,1623,1648]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFDBBF9F5040E0B54" box="[609,779,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. grandisonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This character distinguishes the new species from those species where the slit ends in line with the lower arm insertion, to above the arm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFBE9F9D1044D0BF9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFBE9F9D103DE0BB1" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1075,1243,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subpunctata">P. subpunctata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB3DF9D1029D0BB1" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1255,1432,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schillukorum">P. schillukorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFF4DF90D06460B9C" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,323,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambica">P. mossambica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE88F90D06CD0B9C" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[338,456,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keilingi">P. keilingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE0DF90D055B0B9C" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[471,606,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="upembae">P. upembae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDB7F90D05D00B9C" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[621,725,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">P. guibei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD3EF90D04790B9C" box="[740,892,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniscelis">P. taeniscelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFC51F90D03280B9C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[907,1069,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunoderma">P. bunoderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFBE6F90D03BF0B9C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1084,1210,1697,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgii">P. ansorgii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFB13F90D027C0B9C" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1225,1401,1697,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">P. uzungwensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFA52F90D06010BF9" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">P. broadleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFED5F96906B60BF8" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[271,435,1733,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosissima">P. porosissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE64F96905340BF9" baseAuthorityName="Seetzen" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[446,561,1732,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nilotica">P. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFDE7F96905B00BF9" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt and Inger" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[573,693,1732,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">P. obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFD1AF969044D0BF9" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[704,840,1732,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">P. anchietae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFCA4F96903230BF9" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[894,1062,1732,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFCA4F96903230BF9" box="[894,1062,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">P. oxyrhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The snout is longer and sharper in dorsal view compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFDEF1DFE14F94B05C60A24" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[462,707,1767,1792]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFE14F94B05C60A24" box="[462,707,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Ptychadena broadleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFFDEF1DFD09F94B041D0A24" box="[723,792,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[221,1289,311,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[177,1414,195,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of representatives of all available Ptychadena species. Branch support is given as SH-aLRT/UFBoot, both as percentages. Scale bar is substitutions/site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441687/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3196523FFFDEF17FF1DF8A005510DF1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFDEF1CFF1DF8A0051E0C89" blockId="6.[151,1437,364,2009]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFDEF1DFF1DF8A006E10A01" bold="true" box="[199,484,1804,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFFDEF1DFEACF8A006DA0A01" box="[374,479,1804,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFFDEF1DFE31F8A006FA0A00" box="[491,511,1804,1828]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFFDEF1DFD91F8A0058B0A00" box="[587,654,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A—Lateral view of holotype of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88379). B—Sharp snout of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88380) compared to C—snout of Ptychadena broadleyi (ZMB 88389). Scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441689/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="355">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), SVL 38.5, SUL 37.9; the body is gracile; head short (HL/SVL 0.34, HW/SVL 0.35), not wider than trunk, about as long as wide (HL/HW 0.97); snout long (SL/HL 0.58), sharply rounded in dorsal view, rounded in profile, projecting well beyond lower jaw, narrow (SL/IND 2.00); canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region slightly concave; nostrils situated on slight projections, closer to the eye than snout tip (END/SL 0.28); eyes directed anterolaterally, slightly protruding, small (ED/HL 0.29); eye diameter less than half snout length (ED/SL 0.50); interorbital distance is less than upper eyelid (IOS/EL 0.63), and nearly equal to internarial distance (IOS/IND 0.76); internarial distance just less than eye diameter (IOS/ED 0.76); vomerine teeth inconspicuous; tympanum visible, smaller than eye diameter (TYM/ED 0.63), the pale upper lip becoming a thickened gland below the tympanum, extending to above the arm insertion; upper jaw with small needle-like dentition; choanae small, rounded; tongue slightly notched posteriorly, 5.2 at widest part; median lingual process absent; vocal sac double, darkly pigmented through slit; vocal sac slit starts below arm insertion; skin folds present on back; median fold complete, runs from eye to thigh; post eyelid fold complete; dorsolateral fold interrupted anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral fold interrupted; skin rough laterally and between skin folds; ventral surface of limbs, gular and abdomen smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6620FFFCEF1CFF4DF8E802200A5D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" startId="7.[151,250,1860,1882]" targetBox="[313,1273,481,1838]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFCEF1CFF4DF8E802200A5D" blockId="7.[151,1435,1860,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFCEF1CFF4DF8E806140A7D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1860,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. A—Lateral view of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFCEF1CFD5BF8E804A60A7E" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[641,931,1860,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFCEF1CFD5BF8E804A60A7E" box="[641,931,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMB 88379). B—Sharp snout of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFCEF1CFAFEF8E806330A5D" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFCEF1CFAFEF8E806330A5D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMB 88380) compared to C—snout of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFFCEF1CFD0CF8CF04B10A5D" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[726,948,1891,1913]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFFCEF1CFD0CF8CF04B10A5D" box="[726,948,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Ptychadena broadleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMB 88389). Scale bars = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFFCEF13FF1DF80A04330DF0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1957,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Arms slender; hand moderately large (HND/SVL 0.20); tips of fingers not enlarged into discs; relative length of fingers: II <IV <I <III; subarticular tubercles single and distinct, with one on fingers I, II and IV, and two on finger III; fingers without webbing; thenar tubercle distinct; metacarpals without supernumerary tubercles; pale nuptial pads present on upper surface of fingers I, II and III.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFF73057E0CF4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
Hind limbs gracile, proximal tarsal tubercle small, pale, distinct; tibia long (TIB/SVL 0.59); heels overlapping when knees are flexed and thighs are held at right angle to body; foot just shorter than tibia (TIB/FOT 1.15); relative length of toes: I<II<V<III<IV; toes without expanded discs; subarticular tubercles: one on toe I and II, two on toe III, three on toe IV and two on toe V; webbing formula
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FC5AFEE0049D0C40" box="[896,920,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FC5AFEE0048E0C41" bold="true" box="[896,907,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">I</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
</date>
|
||
–2.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FC0EFEE004EF0C41" bold="true" box="[980,1002,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">II</emphasis>
|
||
2–
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FBD2FEE003300C41" box="[1032,1077,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FBCEFEE003300C41" bold="true" box="[1044,1077,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2–3.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FB52FEE003A20C41" bold="true" box="[1160,1191,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3–
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FB1DFEE003E60C41" box="[1223,1251,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FB0BFEE003E60C41" bold="true" box="[1233,1251,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; thin margin of webbing extending to tips; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, oval smaller than eye diameter (IMT/ED 0.45); thin tarsal ridge present; outer metatarsal tubercle present as a small white bump. Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FAE0FE3802990C89" box="[1338,1436,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FF1CFE1406370CF4" box="[198,306,440,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are presented in Appendix 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFE7005EE0E1C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FF1DFE7006690CD1" bold="true" box="[199,364,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal pattern of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FD56FE7005EB0CD1" box="[652,750,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
consists of small dark brown patches arranged along the skin folds on a beige background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF3EF13FE3FFE53052C0F3C" box="[485,553,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[313,1273,481,1838]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A—Lateral view of holotype of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88379). B—Sharp snout of Ptychadena mutinondoensis (ZMB 88380) compared to C—snout of Ptychadena broadleyi (ZMB 88389). Scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Reddish-brown patches are present on the upper arm and laterally. There is a thin white vertebral line, enclosed in a broad beige vertebral band.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF3EF13FCA5FD8804960F18" box="[895,915,548,572]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
dark brown line runs from the tip of the snout, over the nostril, to the base of the eye. The iris is dark brown. The tympanum is transparent with a beige triangular central marking. The upper lip is lightly speckled with brown, and the lower lip is black posteriorly, with the pigment extending into the vocal pouch slit. The lateral skin fold is white, as is the gland extending from the upper lip to the arm insertion. The flanks have irregular brown and pale marbling. The upper surfaces of the arm are beige, with darker brown transverse bars on the lower arm. The leg has eight transverse irregular darker bars over the upper leg, thigh and foot. The back of the thigh is unmarked, apart from some faint speckling. The venter is white with a few black speckles on the yellow throat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFCE802430E79" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[199,1350,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FF1DFCE806D60E79" bold="true" box="[199,467,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. The pattern is clearly visible as a darker brown on a paler brown background.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFCCB03E70EEC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FF1DFCCB06B70EA4" bold="true" box="[199,434,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FF1DFCCB06310EA4" box="[199,308,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
variation.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FE2BFCC405590EA4" box="[497,604,872,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are remarkably similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FC65FCCB03240EA4" box="[959,1057,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in proportions, with the females larger, reaching a SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFF3EF13FE1AFC20052C0E80" box="[448,553,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" unit="mm" value="43.5">43.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Between 3–3.5 phalanges of the fourth toe may be free of webbing on either side. Females had bright red infusions on the upper arm, above the eye, and in spots on the flanks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFC78032909D5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FF1DFC7806B50EC9" bold="true" box="[199,432,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
The calls were recorded on
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FD2EFC7804AA0EC9" box="[756,943,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" value="2016-01-14">14 January 2016</date>
|
||
between 19h00 and 20h00, air temperature 24°C. Males were heard calling during daytime, linked to rainy conditions, and after dark. The description is based on the call of males visually confirmed to be of this species, near the locality where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B8880AFFF3EF13FBBEFBB003C30911" box="[1124,1222,1052,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected. The call consists of an irregular fast series of clicks, and brief trills of five to seven pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF3EF13FB5AFB9303CD097C" box="[1152,1224,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[182,1384,591,1373]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1433,553,1398]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A—Part of the advertisement call of Ptychadena mutinondoensis, showing the clicks and brief trills. B—The advertisement call of Ptychadena broadleyi showing a typical trill of 10 pulses. Both recorded at 24°C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441691/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pulse rate is approximately 35 s -1. The fundamental frequency is 1.1 kHz, with additional harmonics. The duration of the trills varies from 0.1–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFF3EF13FE89FB27068E0986" box="[339,395,1163,1187]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" precision="5555" value="-0.3">0.3 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Analysis of 93 calls from five males showed that the number of pulses varied from 1 to 8 (mean 3.7), call duration varied from 13–288 ms (mean 100), and pulse rate varied from 10.5–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFF3EF13FB69FB1D03F009ED" box="[1203,1269,1201,1226]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" precision="5555" value="-58.1">58.1 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-1 (mean
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFF3EF13FA8FFB1E029209ED" box="[1365,1431,1202,1226]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" precision="5555" value="-29.2">29.2 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
- 1, n=79). The emphasised frequency varied from 1033–3531 Hz, (mean 1738 Hz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFB51063508A0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
In contrast, the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF3EF13FDBEFB5105EF0831" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[612,746,1276,1301]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FDBEFB5105EF0831" box="[612,746,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">P. broadleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=3) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF3EF13FCE4FB5004840831" box="[830,897,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[182,1384,591,1373]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1433,553,1398]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A—Part of the advertisement call of Ptychadena mutinondoensis, showing the clicks and brief trills. B—The advertisement call of Ptychadena broadleyi showing a typical trill of 10 pulses. Both recorded at 24°C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441691/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of longer loud trills of 9–24 (mean 17) pulses, with a call duration of 0.84–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFF3EF13FDEBFA8F0571081F" box="[561,628,1315,1340]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" precision="555" value="-2.25">2.25 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFF3EF13FD10FA8F0404081F" box="[714,769,1315,1340]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" precision="5555" value="-1.6">1.6 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and pulse rate 9.6–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE37506FFFF3EF13FC31FA8F032B081F" box="[1003,1070,1315,1340]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" precision="5555" value="-10.2">10.2 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-1 (mean 10 s -1). The emphasised frequency varies from 1205–3531 Hz (mean 2670 Hz). The calls of other species of grass frogs consist of trills and chuckle calls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DFA2305590BA4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF3EF13FF1DFA2306D3088C" bold="true" box="[199,470,1423,1448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Breeding and tadpoles</emphasis>
|
||
. Some notes on timing of calling and oviposition were taken during the
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FAC4FA230298088C" box="[1310,1437,1423,1448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" value="2016" valueMax="2017">2016–2017</date>
|
||
wet season. Rainfall occurred on multiple days in November and December.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF3EF13FC2DFA1F030E08EF" box="[1015,1035,1459,1483]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
few frogs were first noticed calling
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FF4DFA7B062808D4" box="[151,301,1495,1520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" value="1922-12">22 December</date>
|
||
after dusk, the first warm evening after 48 hours of heavy rainfall and cold overcast weather. Freshly deposited eggs were found at two out of 10 known oviposition sites checked the following morning. No calling was noticed during consecutive days with mostly dry weather conditions, during which the seepage flow at oviposition sites dried up. Heavy rains set in again on
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FDA1F9EF05ED0B78" box="[635,744,1603,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">2 January</date>
|
||
leading to mass calling activity and oviposition at all known sites (checked from
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FEA3F9CB06E00BA4" box="[377,485,1639,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">4 January</date>
|
||
onwards).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DF92705E00BC8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Calling activity continued throughout the wet season, with activity peaking during the first hours after dusk. Calling was also frequently noted at other times of day or night during warm and wet conditions. There was little if any calling after multiple days without precipitation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF13FF1DF95406710A58" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
Eggs are deposited at the top of rock faces, where there is a film of water, under overhanging vegetation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF3EF13FABEF95B07A20A10" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[313,1273,193,1550]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Top—Eggs of Ptychadena mutinondoensis developing in a film of water under vegetation. Below—A stage 40 tadpole ZMB 88378 from Mutinondo Wilderness. Tadpole scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441695/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF3EF13FF69F8B707C60A17" box="[179,195,1819,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,303,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[313,1273,303,1751]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Two habitat photos of the Mutinondo site showing the steep slope with a film of water seeping out of the higher vegetation, and the associated granite inselbergs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441697/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The eggs are not covered by the film of water. Eggs were found until March, always during or shortly after a period of good rains. Four clutches contained 140, 180, 190 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05FD21FFF3EF13FC5AF89304E00A7C" box="[896,997,1855,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="egg">280 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF3EF13FC2DF89303A90A7C" box="[1015,1196,1855,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" value="2016-01-07">7 January 2016</date>
|
||
). Mean egg diameter was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFF3EF13FF13F8CF06240A5F" box="[201,289,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N=35.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF3EF12FF1DF82B04DF0DF0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
|
||
The following description is based on ZMB 88378, a stage 40 tadpole collected at Mutinondo Wilderness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF3EF13FAB5F82B07A20AE0" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,995,1017]" captionTargetBox="[186,1409,231,932]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,208,961]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rainfall and timing of breeding of Ptychadena mutinondoensis at Lodge Rock, Mutinondo Wilderness, during the 2016/2017 season. Vertical arrows: initial two egg-laying events with % of known oviposition sites active; horizontal arrow: period eggs and/or tadpoles were present. Rainfall data collected at Lodge Rock, 200 m north of type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two others collected at the same time and place were found to have identical 16S rRNA sequences to the adults, confirming their identity. The tadpole has a total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFF3EF13FCF7F86304910AC3" box="[813,916,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" unit="mm" value="32.9">32.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The head is bluntly rounded from above, and in lateral view. The eyes are large, positioned dorsolaterally. Extra-ocular proportion: width of head minus distance between lateral limits of eyes/distance between lateral limits of eyes = 0.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF2EF12FF1DFF7306260CD1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">
|
||
The oral disc is anteroventral, with a single row of rounded marginal papillae below, with extra papillae laterally. The rostral gap in the papillae extends across the whole labium. The labial tooth row formula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B59FFF2EF12FAC3FEA802910C38" box="[1305,1428,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358" refId="ref6736" refString="Altig, R. (1970) A primer for the morphology of anuran tadpoles. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 2, 71 - 74." type="journal article">Altig 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is 2/1. The upper and lower jaw sheaths are deeply pigmented for more than half of their height. Both jaw sheaths are finely serrated. The external nares are closer to the eye than the tip of the snout. Rostronasal distance/ orbitonasal distance = 1.5. The narial aperture is circular without a distinct margin. No narial valve is apparent. Internarial ratio: width of nostril/internarial distance = 0.15. There is no orbitonasal line. No pineal spot is present. The spiracle opening is small, elliptical, slightly away from the body, and is visible dorsally. The opening is dorsolateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6620FFF2EF12FF4DFA2803AE089D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441691/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="358" startId="9.[151,250,1412,1434]" targetBox="[182,1384,591,1373]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF2EF12FF4DFA2803AE089D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1412,1465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF2EF12FF4DFA28061508BD" bold="true" box="[151,272,1412,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. A—Part of the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF2EF12FD72FA2804CD08BE" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[680,968,1412,1434]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF2EF12FD72FA2804CD08BE" box="[680,968,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing the clicks and brief trills. B—The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF2EF12FEABFA0F054A089D" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1972" box="[369,591,1443,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broadleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF2EF12FEABFA0F054A089D" box="[369,591,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">Ptychadena broadleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing a typical trill of 10 pulses. Both recorded at 24°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF2EF12FF1DFA4F03690BA8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">
|
||
Tail height is less than head height. Height of tail muscles at base of tail/height of trunk = 0.50. Tails are low with little fin, dorsal and ventral fins equal; the dorsal fin originates at the junction of the body and the tail muscle. The fins are nearly parallel. Tail fins taper to the tip, with nearly straight margins. The tail tip is acute. The axis of the tail, extrapolated anteriorly, passes below the eye. Tail length/length of head and trunk = 2.7. The ratio exceeds
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFF2EF12FF4DF9DF07D20BA8" box="[151,215,1651,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="9" pageNumber="358" unit="in" value="3.2">3.2 in</quantity>
|
||
other specimens. The vent tube is dextral, continuous with the ventral fin margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF2EF12FF1DF93B02610BD3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">The major measurements for the tadpole at Gosner stage 40, are: total length 32.9; tail length 24; maximum fin height 2.8; distance from highest point on fin to tail tip 7.0; distance from snout tip to spiracle 5.3; distance from snout tip to nostril 1.6; distance from snout tip to eye 2.8; distance from eye to nostril 1.1; oral disc width 1.7.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF2EF12FF1DF8A805D50A40" blockId="9.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">In life the tadpoles are mottled grey and yellow-brown, with a lateral row of small white dots along the tail muscle, and additional small white dots along the base of the dorsal fin. The tadpoles can be darker, a mottled black and grey. The pale spots disappear once preserved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF2EF12FF1DF8DC03B00AD0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">
|
||
In preservative the specimen is pigmented dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A2DFFF2EF12FCF8F8C3046C0AAC" box="[802,873,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[313,1273,193,1550]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Top—Eggs of Ptychadena mutinondoensis developing in a film of water under vegetation. Below—A stage 40 tadpole ZMB 88378 from Mutinondo Wilderness. Tadpole scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441695/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dark areas are present around the nostrils, and between the eyes.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF2EF12FEBCF83F067F0A8F" box="[358,378,1939,1963]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="9" pageNumber="358">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
dark line runs from behind the eyes to the base of the tail. Fine black stipples are gathered in groups forming mottles along the caudal muscles and dorsal fin. The underside of the trunk, and the anterior half of the base of the tail, are unpigmented. The gut coils are clearly visible through the ventral skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6620FFF1EF11FF4DFC4F03EB0912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441693/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" startId="10.[151,250,995,1017]" targetBox="[186,1409,231,932]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF1EF11FF4DFC4F03EB0912" blockId="10.[151,1437,995,1078]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF4DFC4F06080EDC" bold="true" box="[151,269,995,1017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Rainfall and timing of breeding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FDA1FC4F049D0EDD" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[635,920,995,1017]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FDA1FC4F049D0EDD" box="[635,920,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Lodge Rock, Mutinondo Wilderness, during the 2016/2017 season. Vertical arrows: initial two egg-laying events with % of known oviposition sites active; horizontal arrow: period eggs and/or tadpoles were present. Rainfall data collected at Lodge Rock, 200 m north of type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF1EF11FF1DFBCE054F082F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1122,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF1DFBCE06CD095F" bold="true" box="[199,456,1122,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Tadpole development</emphasis>
|
||
. Although no detailed data were systematically collected, development from hatching to metamorphosis takes 1–2 months. In both the
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF1EF11FD1AFB2A043B09BB" box="[704,830,1158,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" value="2015" valueMax="2016">2015–2016</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF1EF11FCADFB2A04F009BB" box="[887,1013,1158,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" value="2016" valueMax="2017">2016–2017</date>
|
||
wet seasons, clear size cohorts could be distinguished within and between oviposition sites, suggesting multiple egg-laying periods within each season, presumably linked to periods of wet and warm conditions. Stage 33 tadpoles were found on
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF1EF11FB4DFB63022B09C3" box="[1175,1326,1231,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" value="2017-05-10">10 May 2017</date>
|
||
, the latest in the season that tadpoles were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF1EF11FF1DFABA07F40B0F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1122,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF1DFABA062F080B" bold="true" box="[199,298,1302,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The frogs have only been found in association with granite slopes where there is a
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFF1EF11FB3DFABB0240080B" box="[1255,1349,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
film of slow-flowing water, seeping from vegetation higher up the slope. These conditions at Mutinondo are on or near large granite inselbergs, visible on the skyline in fig. 7. Both the eggs and tadpoles are found in the film of water, which does not cover them. Adults have been found in and under the surrounding vegetation. Calling males were typically observed at an oviposition site.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF1EF11FDB1FA0B057A089B" box="[619,639,1447,1471]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
single adult female was found inside climax evergreen riverine forest 130 meters from a known oviposition site, during the hot dry season (
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF1EF11FC20FA6703DF08C7" box="[1018,1242,1482,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" value="2016-09-08">8 September 2016</date>
|
||
). All other frog observations were in grassy vegetation on or very close to wet granite slopes during the wet November to April months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF1EF11FF1DF99A05570B9F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1122,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
Plant species typical of oviposition sites and surrounding vegetation include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FB5CF99A02900B6B" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1875" box="[1158,1429,1590,1615]" class="Liliopsida" family="Velloziaceae" genus="Xerophyta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="equisetoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FB5CF99A02900B6B" box="[1158,1429,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Xerophyta equisetoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FF4DF9F606BD0B57" box="[151,440,1626,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrothamnaceae" genus="Myrothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabillifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF4DF9F606BD0B57" box="[151,440,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Myrothamnus flabillifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FE2AF9F005940B57" authorityName="S. Moore" authorityYear="1908" box="[496,657,1626,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pentas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FE2AF9F005940B57" box="[496,657,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Pentas nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at sub-shrub level, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FC79F9F603850B57" box="[931,1152,1626,1651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Coleochloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FC79F9F603850B57" box="[931,1152,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Coleochloa setifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FB55F9F602910B57" box="[1167,1428,1626,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Aeollanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subacaulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FB55F9F602910B57" box="[1167,1428,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Aeollanthus subacaulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FF4DF9D206640BB3" authorityName="Chod" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,353,1662,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygalaceae" genus="Polygala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF4DF9D206640BB3" box="[151,353,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Polygala africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FEB4F9D305200BB3" box="[366,549,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FEB4F9D306FA0BB2" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1841" box="[366,511,1663,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Actiniopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Actiniopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FDE9F9D204280BB3" box="[563,813,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Oldenlandia herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FCE1F9D204AF0BB3" box="[827,938,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FCE1F9D2048F0BB3" authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1765" box="[827,906,1662,1687]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Scleria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Scleria</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. and
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FC3CF92C035B0BB3" box="[998,1118,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FC3CF92C033A0BB3" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1816" box="[998,1087,1664,1687]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Pycreus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pycreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. at herb level. Larger shrubs and emergent trees are typically absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF1EF11FF1DF96A06010A6F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1122,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF1DF96A06E10BFB" bold="true" box="[199,484,1734,1759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Amphibian community.</emphasis>
|
||
Amphibian species recorded breeding at any of the 24 surveyed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FB15F96402990BFB" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[1231,1436,1734,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FB15F96402990BFB" box="[1231,1436,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">P. mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
breeding sites, include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FE40F94005AE0A27" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[410,683,1770,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FE40F94005AE0A27" box="[410,683,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Tomopterna tuberculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 site; calling males and tadpoles) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FBB5F94602780A27" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1135,1405,1770,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Mertensophryne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FBB5F94602780A27" box="[1135,1405,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Mertensophryne taitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 sites; amplexus and tadpoles).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FE27F8BC05C90A03" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[509,716,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FE27F8BC05C90A03" box="[509,716,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">P. mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the only breeding species at 22 out of 24 breeding sites surveyed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF1EF11FF1DF8FA06E30AFF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1122,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
Other frogs recorded at the same general sites, but not observed breeding in association with the same seepage patches, are
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FEF5F8D604290AB7" box="[303,812,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FEF5F8D6057F0AB7" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1933" box="[303,634,1914,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactyloides">Arthroleptis xenodactyloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FD56F8D704290AB7" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[652,812,1914,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenochirus">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF1EF11FD56F8D705A50AB6" box="[652,672,1915,1938]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. xenochirus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FC9AF8D704FB0AB7" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[832,1022,1914,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FC9AF8D704FB0AB7" box="[832,1022,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF1EF11FC9AF8D704510AB6" box="[832,852,1915,1938]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. stenodactylus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FBC9F8D602170AB7" authorityName="Power" authorityYear="1927" box="[1043,1298,1914,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Sclerophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FBC9F8D602170AB7" box="[1043,1298,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Sclerophrys gutturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FAFCF8D702900AB7" authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1937" box="[1318,1429,1914,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Sclerophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FAFCF8D702900AB7" box="[1318,1429,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">S. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FF4DF80C06830A93" baseAuthorityName="Duméril and Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,390,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Kassina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF4DF80C06830A93" box="[151,390,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Kassina senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FE4CF83205620A93" baseAuthorityName="Günther" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[406,615,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocagii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FE4CF83205620A93" box="[406,615,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Leptopelis bocagii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FDAFF80C04850A93" box="[629,896,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Breviceps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FDAFF80C04850A93" box="[629,896,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Breviceps mossambicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FC55F83303640A93" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[911,1121,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Amietia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delalandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FC55F83303640A93" box="[911,1121,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Amietia delalandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FBB5F83202990A93" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1135,1436,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Petropedetidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FBB5F83202990A93" box="[1135,1436,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Phrynobatrachus parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF1EF11FF1CF86E06E30AFF" box="[198,486,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF1EF11FF1CF86E06E70AFF" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[198,482,1986,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">Ptychadena oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6620FFF0EF10FF4DF98804B50B7D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1441695/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" startId="11.[151,250,1572,1594]" targetBox="[313,1273,193,1550]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF0EF10FF4DF98804B50B7D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1572,1625]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF0EF10FF4DF988060A0B1D" bold="true" box="[151,271,1572,1594]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Top—Eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF0EF10FE6CF98805D10B1E" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[438,724,1572,1594]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF0EF10FE6CF98805D10B1E" box="[438,724,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Ptychadena mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
developing in a film of water under vegetation. Below
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF0EF10FAC8F988022E0B1D" bold="true" box="[1298,1323,1572,1593]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">—</emphasis>
|
||
A stage 40 tadpole ZMB 88378 from Mutinondo Wilderness. Tadpole scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF0EF10FF1DF929022D0BC2" blockId="11.[151,1437,1669,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF0EF10FF1DF92906AF0BBA" bold="true" box="[199,426,1669,1694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Tadpole predation.</emphasis>
|
||
An all-black,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B4DFFF0EF10FD96F92905C00BB9" box="[588,709,1669,1694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long species of terrestrial carabid beetle was noted predating on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2BFFF0EF10FF4DF90606630BE6" authorityName="Channing & Willems" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,358,1705,1730]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutinondoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF0EF10FF4DF90606630BE6" box="[151,358,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">P. mutinondoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles on multiple occasions. The tadpoles also share the seepage waters with a range of carnivorous water insects such as small dragonfly (Anisoptera) larvae, which constitute likely predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF0EF10FF1DF95D07F10A51" blockId="11.[151,1437,1669,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF0EF10FF1DF95D06860A2E" bold="true" box="[199,387,1777,1802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Population size.</emphasis>
|
||
Lodge Rock and Campers Rock were systematically searched for tadpoles on
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF0EF10FB2DF95E029C0A2E" box="[1271,1433,1777,1802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" value="2015-03-07">7 March 2015</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F84AFFF0EF10FF4DF8BA07AE0A0A" box="[151,171,1814,1838]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
total of 1,050 tadpoles was counted, spread over 20 seepage patches, 19 of which were located on Lodge Rock. Estimated numbers of calling males never exceeded 50 on a single evening during the
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF0EF10FBB3F89503E30A76" box="[1129,1254,1849,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" value="2015" valueMax="2016">2015–2016</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFBD1068FFF0EF10FAC4F89502980A76" box="[1310,1437,1849,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" value="2016" valueMax="2017">2016–2017</date>
|
||
seasons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF0EF10FF1DF82D02990AC6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1669,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
Repeated visits to all inselbergs in the reserve produced the following maximum numbers: Klipspringer Rock: remotely estimated at 20–50 calling males on the western flank alone (observers position Lodge Rock); Kankonde Rock: 50 tadpoles; Charlie’s Rock / Chipundu Stream: single juvenile; Mulinso Falls:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D05FD21FFF0EF10FBB0F86503F20AC6" box="[1130,1271,1993,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="juvenile">50 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
; Mafonie: 100
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF7EF17FF4DFF3B05510DF1" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">tadpoles, single adult female; all other sites: none. The Mutinondo grass frog appears to be restricted to a small area, with a relatively small population.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3196523FFF7EF17FF1DFF7304DD0DD3" box="[199,984,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A8FFF7EF17FF1DFF7304DD0DD3" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,248]" box="[199,984,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EABAFFF7EF17FF1DFF73064B0DDC" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named for the Mutinondo Wilderness area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |