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<document id="57BF37BC8C486825FB19BA997272273F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFE73523FF79FA7324A5D92A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chondrolepis uluguru Larsen &amp; Congdon 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="335" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="61D79B94CAFD545EE939103776AA17AD">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB483A535DA4D51477DB8B4C7E84CE31">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD38AA4C07382D6EDA08A53DBBE7D6B9">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6A11D137CC6AFE158B9579F92C534488">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="41DB5F1FB888EBA5518014E241DAF6C8">3872</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="05A17FA9AC38525B2939A347358608FA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFE73523FF79FA7324A5D92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681012" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFE73523FF79FA7324A5D92A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFE73523FF79FA7324A5D92A" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<subSubSection id="C319652EFFE73523FF79FA7324A5D92A" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE73520FF79FA7324E5DAA2" blockId="33.[151,742,1451,1477]" box="[151,742,1451,1477]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<heading id="D0F481C9FFE73520FF79FA7324E5DAA2" bold="true" box="[151,742,1451,1477]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FF79FA7324E5DAA2" authority="Larsen &amp; Congdon, 2012" authorityName="Larsen &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,742,1451,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FF79FA7324E5DAA2" bold="true" box="[151,742,1451,1477]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FF79FA7327A7DAA2" bold="true" box="[151,420,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Chondrolepis uluguru</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFE73520FE42FA7324E5DAA2" author="Larsen" box="[428,742,1451,1477]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Larsen, T. B. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2012) The genus Ampittia in Africa with the description of a new species (Hesperiinae; Aeromachini) and three new species in the genera Andronymus and Chondrolepis (Hesperiinae, incertae sedis) (Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae). Zootaxa, 3322, 49 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Larsen &amp; Congdon, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE73520FF79FA2925C4D935" blockId="33.[151,1436,1521,1618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
This species was discovered by an ABRI expedition in forest margins near Nyachilo village on the southern edge of the North
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FECBF9CD2781D949" box="[293,386,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">Uluguru</taxonomicName>
Mountains,
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFE73520FDE0F9CD2475D949" box="[526,630,1557,1582]" name="Tanzania" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, in 2004; it seems most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FBA8F9CE2335D948" authority="De Jong" authorityName="De Jong" box="[1094,1334,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FBA8F9CE22D7D949" box="[1094,1236,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">C. obscurior</emphasis>
De Jong
</taxonomicName>
from the Udzungwa Mountains, south of the Ulugurus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFE73520FD71F9E225B8D935" author="Larsen" box="[671,955,1593,1618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Larsen, T. B. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2012) The genus Ampittia in Africa with the description of a new species (Hesperiinae; Aeromachini) and three new species in the genera Andronymus and Chondrolepis (Hesperiinae, incertae sedis) (Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae). Zootaxa, 3322, 49 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Larsen &amp; Congdon 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE73520FF79F95A2714D9FD" blockId="33.[151,1436,1665,2014]" box="[151,279,1665,1690]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FF79F95A2714D9FD" box="[151,279,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Life history</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE73520FF79F97D22B2D815" blockId="33.[151,1436,1665,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
The food plant is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FDAFF97E2512D9D9" box="[577,785,1701,1726]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FDAFF97E2512D9D9" box="[577,785,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Setaria palmifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (although this grass has been identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FA69F97E2709D985" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FA69F97E2709D985" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">S. palmifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we refer to the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FE2AF9122450D985" box="[452,595,1737,1762]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FE2AF9122450D985" box="[452,595,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">S. palmifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, since the Asian
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FC93F912220FD985" box="[893,1036,1737,1762]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FC93F912220FD985" box="[893,1036,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">S. palmifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should not occur in the region, and is difficult to distinguish from African members of the complex:
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FC90F93625EED861" box="[894,1005,1773,1798]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FC90F93625EED861" box="[894,1005,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">S. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE73520FBC8F93622C4D861" box="[1062,1223,1773,1798]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megaphylla">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE73520FBC8F93622C4D861" box="[1062,1223,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">S. megaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly when not flowering
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFE73520FED2F8C927F4D84D" author="Clayton" box="[316,503,1809,1834]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Clayton, W. D. (1979) Notes on Setaria (Gramineae). Kew Bulletin, 33 (3), 501 - 509." type="journal article" year="1979">(Clayton 1979))</bibRefCitation>
. Early stages were found on plants growing along paths and roadsides on forest edges. TCEC and colleagues did not find it on any of the other grasses growing nearby. Caterpillars construct their shelters by rolling the distal part of a leaf, and feeding basally to this, leaving the midrib bare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE73523FF29F8A527CDDF9F" blockId="33.[151,1436,1665,2014]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Early instars are green with a black head. In the final instar caterpillar, the head is oval, indent at vertex; matt, rugose; brown, with the posterior margin dark; wider basally, and sutures on face slightly darker; covered with scattered short, pale, erect setae. Pronotum narrowly dark, divided at dorsum. Body dull, translucent pale greenish white; transverse ridges or folds visible in posterior half of segments; dorsal line darker; yellow Malpighian tubules visible in posterior half; covered with scattered short, pale, erect setae; anal plate with slight brown tint; all legs concolorous; spiracles pale.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C662DFFE43523FF79FABF2204DAFB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251894/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" targetBox="[151,1436,303,1358]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE43523FF79FABF2204DAFB" blockId="34.[151,1436,1383,1436]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FF79FABF2721DA1B" bold="true" box="[151,290,1383,1405]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
Final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE43523FDDBFABF2514DA1A" box="[565,791,1383,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FDDBFABF2514DA1A" box="[565,791,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Chondrolepis uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE43523FC42FAB02265DA1A" box="[940,1126,1383,1405]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FC42FAB02265DA1A" box="[940,1126,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Setaria palmifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, Nyachilo,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE43523FAAFFABF239BDA1A" box="[1345,1432,1383,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">Uluguru</taxonomicName>
, Tanzania [TCEC].
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FEB8FA5E2761DAFC" bold="true" box="[342,354,1414,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FE9EFA5E277FDAFC" bold="true" box="[368,380,1414,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">2</emphasis>
, 23 Jan 2004;
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FDFFFA5E241EDAFC" bold="true" box="[529,541,1414,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">3</emphasis>
, 22 Jan 2004;
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FD5CFA5E24BDDAFC" bold="true" box="[690,702,1414,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">4</emphasis>
, 25 Jan 2004;
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FCBDFA5E2563DAFC" bold="true" box="[851,864,1414,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">5</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FC82FA5E257ADAFC" bold="true" box="[876,889,1414,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">6</emphasis>
, 22 Jan 2004.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE43523FF29FA1024A5D92A" blockId="34.[151,1436,1480,1613]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
The pupa (
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFE43523FEAEFA1027B3DA86" box="[320,432,1480,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1367,1389]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,195,1343]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 35. Pupa of Chondrolepis uluguru extracted from shelter, collected on Setaria palmifolia complex, Nyachilo, Uluguru, Tanzania, 25 Jan 2004 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251895/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Figure 35</figureCitation>
) is formed in the final leaf shelter. There is no white waxy powder on the pupa or lining the shelter. The pupa is cylindrical, with a short, blunt frontal projection; proboscis extends to end of cremaster; erect brown setae on anterior and posterior parts of eye, dorsally on thorax, and weaker on abdomen; colour rather uniform pale brown, except brown spiracle T1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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