164 lines
18 KiB
XML
164 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="B017FF667D13BED46D7DF844730D68BD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFCE3508FF79FC822715DD5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kedestes wallengrenii subsp. wallengrenii Trimen 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="2AC1823DA70B5F66C2CCE06DB5F5B68A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CF726DCAAC7002FA644860C80049687B">
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<mods:title id="9257FB6C46FD63A02822BDC9940F9526">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B00163A5BFC9F7FF9FE499D76394115A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="081DF7015C8754962CB71F922D9955F0">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5F6FD8A9E44FF67037AF9423FC0C3339" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79D972A96DC16A275FAA604737797078">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3295612380739036C89BA0D6354842FE">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B789C8ADE12ECDB8BF27C8BC8995141C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="74A7D2B1270ADF2A4DA68820FAD5B584">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5A884F0B518BF515F61A561004E0DE82">
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<mods:date id="CAC519983F4DE896CB5505DB974E62C1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DBF4188EB8BAFF9C5A0F11D0E9EBA783" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="595F35F74B343496EFFFC0764C04E557">3872</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10595EF6AFEBCDAFDEFE5C55E35D6523">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0B37956E29AF486EAAF85E13CCCAB8A6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C9A850B8B1744027C125511572009C75" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFCE3508FF79FC822715DD5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680972" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFCE3508FF79FC822715DD5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFCE3508FF79FC822715DD5A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<subSubSection id="C319652EFFCE3508FF79FC822715DD5A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCE3509FF79FC8224E9DC13" blockId="8.[151,746,858,884]" box="[151,746,858,884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<heading id="D0F481C9FFCE3509FF79FC8224E9DC13" bold="true" box="[151,746,858,884]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FF79FC8224E9DC13" authority="Trimen, 1883" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,746,858,884]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wallengrenii" subSpecies="wallengrenii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FF79FC8224E9DC13" bold="true" box="[151,746,858,884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FF79FC82243FDC13" bold="true" box="[151,572,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Kedestes wallengrenii wallengrenii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCE3509FDAAFC8224E9DC13" author="Trimen" box="[580,746,858,884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Trimen, R. (1883) Descriptions of twelve new species of South-African Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1883, 347 - 363. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / pdf 2 / 002581400055130. pdf (accessed 9 September 2014)" type="journal article" year="1883">Trimen, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCE3509FF79FC7A226FDB09" blockId="8.[151,1437,929,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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Two subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FE82FC792467DCDD" box="[364,612,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallengrenii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FE82FC792467DCDD" box="[364,612,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Kedestes wallengrenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are recognised: the nominate
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FC5BFC792242DCDD" box="[949,1089,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallengrenii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FC5BFC792242DCDD" box="[949,1089,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">wallengrenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FAEDFC792346DCDD" box="[1283,1349,929,954]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Natal</collectingCountry>
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(Upper Districts) and Zulu-land’ (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCE3509FE24FC1D2461DCB9" author="Trimen" box="[458,610,965,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Trimen, R. (1883) Descriptions of twelve new species of South-African Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1883, 347 - 363. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / pdf 2 / 002581400055130. pdf (accessed 9 September 2014)" type="journal article" year="1883">Trimen 1883</bibRefCitation>
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) and found from
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FCD4FC1D25D2DCB9" box="[826,977,965,990]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, north to
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FBA4FC1D22A2DCB9" box="[1098,1185,965,990]" name="Uganda" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FB0FFC1E232EDCB9" box="[1249,1325,966,990]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, and ssp.
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FF79FC322711DB65" box="[151,274,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">fenestratus</emphasis>
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(Butler), described from Zomba,
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FD65FC3124E2DB65" box="[651,737,1001,1026]" name="Malawi" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCE3509FD01FC312574DB65" author="Butler" box="[751,887,1001,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Butler, A. G. (1894) On two collections of lepidoptera sent by Mr. H. H. Johnston, Esq., C. B., from British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893, 643 - 684. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / pdf 3 / 006342900097156. pdf (accessed 9 September 2014)" type="proceedings paper" year="1894">Butler 1894</bibRefCitation>
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) and restricted to submontane
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FB21FC31232BDB65" box="[1231,1320,1001,1026]" name="Malawi" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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. Although ssp.
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FF24FBD62746DB41" box="[202,325,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">fenestratus</emphasis>
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is reported from
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FDE5FBD52470DB41" box="[523,627,1037,1062]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, particularly western
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FC86FBD525CEDB41" box="[872,973,1037,1062]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCE3509FC32FBD62266DB41" author="Evans" box="[988,1125,1038,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCE3509FB9FFBD52315DB41" author="Kielland" box="[1137,1302,1037,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), we follow the advice of T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2014) in treating this material as the nominate subspecies. It is ‘common in woodland and highland open habitats from 500 to 2200m’ in
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FCA8FB8D25A8DB09" box="[838,939,1109,1134]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCE3509FC54FB8D225CDB09" author="Kielland" box="[954,1119,1109,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCE3509FF79FB462714DBD1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1181,1350]" box="[151,279,1181,1206]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FF79FB462714DBD1" box="[151,279,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Life history</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCE3509FF79FB1A27F4DA21" blockId="8.[151,1436,1181,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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TCEC reared a caterpillar found in the final instar on
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FCDDFB1925CBDBBD" box="[819,968,1217,1242]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cymbopogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FCDDFB1925CBDBBD" box="[819,968,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Cymbopogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. at Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains,
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCE3509FF79FB3D26FCDB99" box="[151,255,1253,1278]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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. It was found in an area of coarse upland grassland with forest remnant tree species, mainly
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FAF7FB3E274CDA45" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FAF7FB3E239FDB9A" box="[1305,1436,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Macaranga</emphasis>
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(Euphorbiaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FE60FAD12488DA45" box="[398,651,1289,1314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FE60FAD127E4DA45" box="[398,487,1289,1314]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Morella</emphasis>
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(Myricaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FD39FAD125D3DA45" box="[727,976,1289,1314]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FD39FAD12520DA45" box="[727,803,1289,1314]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Smilax</emphasis>
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(Smilacaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, bracken (
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FBA2FAD122BFDA45" box="[1100,1212,1289,1314]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FBA2FAD122BFDA45" box="[1100,1212,1289,1314]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Pteridium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), etc. and invasive black wattle (
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FEC1FAF627E5DA22" box="[303,486,1326,1349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maernsii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FEC1FAF627E5DA22" box="[303,486,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Acacia maernsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7C662DFFCE3509FF79F86A25A6D88C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251865/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" targetBox="[151,1436,1405,1946]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCE3509FF79F86A25A6D88C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1970,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FF79F86A2715D8AF" bold="true" box="[151,278,1970,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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Detail of head of final instar of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FD93F86A25E9D8AF" box="[637,1002,1970,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wallengrenii" subSpecies="wallengrenii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FD93F86A25E9D8AF" box="[637,1002,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Kedestes wallengrenii wallengrenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected on
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCE3509FB6AF86A2308D8AF" box="[1156,1291,1970,1992]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cymbopogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FB6AF86A2308D8AF" box="[1156,1291,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Cymbopogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., Mufindi, Tanzania [TCEC].
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FEB8F80D2761D88D" bold="true" box="[342,354,2005,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">1</emphasis>
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, anterior view, 20 Jan 2013;
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCE3509FD67F80D2496D88D" bold="true" box="[649,661,2005,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">2</emphasis>
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, lateral view, 18 Jan 2013.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCF3508FF29FF4F2724DE7A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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The final instar caterpillar (
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<figureCitation id="13382A20FFCF3508FE19FF4F2455DFD7" box="[503,598,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1405,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1405,1946]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Detail of head of final instar of Kedestes wallengrenii wallengrenii, collected on Cymbopogon sp., Mufindi, Tanzania [TCEC]. 1, anterior view, 20 Jan 2013; 2, lateral view, 18 Jan 2013." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251865/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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) was found in a tube shelter made from a single leaf rolled upwards, eating its way back towards base of leaf; the open end of the shelter pointed upwards at about 45°. The head had sharply outlined, distinctive white and dark markings; the pronotum was narrow and dark; spiracle T1 white; legs concolorous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCF3508FF29FEFF2715DD5A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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The caterpillar pupated in the shelter. The pupa (
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<figureCitation id="13382A20FFCF3508FD12FEFF255CDE27" box="[764,863,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,628,1327]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Kedestes wallengrenii wallengrenii, collected on Cymbopogon sp., Mufindi, Tanzania; photographed 30 Jan 2013 [TCEC]. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251866/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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) is white with extensive black areas covering the head, much of the dorsal thorax and a row of large dorsal patches on the abdomen; there are forward pointing dark setae on the head and anterior dorsal thorax, and backward pointing ones on the posterior portion of the abdomen. There seems to be a weak barrier of loose silk blocking the head end of the shelter; the cremaster is attached to a small pad of orange-brown silk; there is no white waxy powder on the pupa or in the shelter. On emerging, the adult male unfortunately failed to expand its wings, but T.B. Larsen was kind enough to examine the genitalia and determine the species. The white radial streaks on the hind wing underside were diagnostic for the nominate subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |