107 lines
11 KiB
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107 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="37D571EF1E9E17F024B24CCD701D0021" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFC9350EFF79FF4025C9DEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pardaleodes Butler 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="316" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FEC3CD367C82416D7ACB7C95492563B2">
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<mods:title id="D01FAD0AF3A3CEF43CAA542054E05C53">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="567664231E174F64FE8D1FBA52C1C3D9">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="27E9270D6BCF1695E31F75A0FC588A39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9A0B3F7736CB0D2CAED3F5968DE13170">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AA35E836130CCDD7CB60F3972F151099">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3830565CD62F43358FA6A50F3DF4E0B8">
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<mods:date id="B0DC3479FCF1EB005E0F95CA5742254F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7602192BB15AFA9C0F6258ED51402BD1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DA61F7BDD9CC3D684049C40FF1B34C24">3872</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E4BA4E5AD10B247521D8A7672E768165" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5CE5ABB3608F6D403D42B936DBEE398D">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F43F20F405B611DB771A20D43669D2FF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFC9350EFF79FF4025C9DEA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680980" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFC9350EFF79FF4025C9DEA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFC9350EFF79FF4025C9DEA8" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
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<subSubSection id="C319652EFFC9350EFF79FF4025C9DEA8" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC9350EFF79FF4027DADFD5" blockId="15.[151,473,152,178]" box="[151,473,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
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<heading id="D0F481C9FFC9350EFF79FF4027DADFD5" bold="true" box="[151,473,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFF79FF4027DADFD5" ID-CoL="92J87" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,473,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFF79FF4027DADFD5" bold="true" box="[151,473,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFF79FF402728DFD5" bold="true" box="[151,299,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Pardaleodes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC9350EFEDCFF4027DADFD5" author="Butler" box="[306,473,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870 b) The genera of Hesperidae in the collection of the British Museum. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 7, 55 - 58, 92 - 99." type="journal article" year="1870" yearSuffix="b">Butler, 1870b</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC9350EFF79FF0625C9DEA8" blockId="15.[151,1436,222,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
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This is a genus of six Afrotropical species, conspicuously spotted with orange and normally found in forests (
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFA69FF07276CDE7C" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibullus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFA69FF0726EFDE7C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. tibullus</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFE49FEDC27F7DE7C" box="[423,500,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bule">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFE49FEDC27F7DE7C" box="[423,500,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. bule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFC9350EFE12FEDA245BDE7C" box="[508,600,258,283]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Holland</collectingCountry>
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) or in disturbed forest and adjacent open areas. Five species of the genus have been reared from grasses, and probably all will be found to be grass-feeders. T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2014) reared
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFF0AFE94279ADE04" authority="Stoll" authorityName="Stoll" box="[228,409,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edipus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFF0AFE942749DE04" box="[228,330,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. edipus</emphasis>
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(Stoll)
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</taxonomicName>
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from at least two species of grass in Lagos in 1969. In
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFC9350EFBE1FE9322AADE04" box="[1039,1193,330,355]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC9350EFB5BFE93236DDE04" author="Vuattoux" box="[1205,1390,331,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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has reared
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFF05FEB727BBDEE1" box="[235,440,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. i n c er t a m u rci a</emphasis>
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(Plötz) once from
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFD42FEB72591DEE0" box="[684,914,366,391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFD42FEB72591DEE0" box="[684,914,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Imperata cylindrica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFC36FEB72310DEE0" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[984,1299,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sator" subSpecies="sator">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFC36FEB7227EDEE1" box="[984,1149,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. sator sator</emphasis>
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(Westwood)
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</taxonomicName>
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once from
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFF79FE4A2781DECC" box="[151,386,402,427]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oplismenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtellus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFF79FE4A2781DECC" box="[151,386,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Oplismenus hirtellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Both
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC9350EFE3DFE4C2442DECC" box="[467,577,404,427]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFE3DFE4C2442DECC" box="[467,577,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. incerta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC9350EFD93FE4C24D2DECC" box="[637,721,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">P. s a t o r</emphasis>
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occur as far east as western
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFC9350EFBC7FE4B2271DECC" box="[1065,1138,403,427]" name="Kenya" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFC9350EFB40FE4A2310DECC" box="[1198,1299,402,427]" name="Tanzania" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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in different subspecies (
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<figureCitation id="13382A20FFC9350EFEF3FE6E278FDEA8" box="[285,396,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,518,1460]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Adults of Pardaleodes spp., Kenya. 1, female P. incerta incerta sunbathing, Shimba Hills, 13 Dec 1990; 2, male P. incerta incerta at flower of Justicia flava, Kakamega Forest, 17 Jun 1991; 3, female P. sator pusiella (Mabille) sunbathing, Kakamega Forest, 17 Jun 1991; 4, P. sator pusiella at flower of Justicia flava, Kakamega Forest, 17 Jun 1991." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251871/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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), but we have not located the early stages of either.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |