349 lines
36 KiB
XML
349 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.28.1" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522788" checkinTime="1673382379965" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Takata, Kento, Shen, Yanpeng, Nishikawa, Kanto & Motokawa, Masaharu" docDate="2023" docId="03AA87AF4F16FFB8FC7EFA7CFDEE160A" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.28.1.1-4.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 28 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.28.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.6:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Acrochordus granulatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FF93FFD74F16FFBAFFF0FFE6FFF21112" masterDocTitle="First Record of the Marine File Snake Acrochordus granulatus (Squamata: Acrochordidae) from Japan Based on the Specimen of the Third Higher School" masterLastPageNumber="4" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1673976052594" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First Record of the Marine File Snake Acrochordus granulatus (Squamata: Acrochordidae) from Japan Based on the Specimen of the Third Higher School</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Takata, Kento</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606 - 8501, Japan E-mail: k. takata 013 @ gmail. com & Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">k.takata013@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shen, Yanpeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606 - 8501, Japan E-mail: k. takata 013 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">k.takata013@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishikawa, Kanto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606 - 8501, Japan E-mail: k. takata 013 @ gmail. com & Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">k.takata013@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Motokawa, Masaharu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Species Diversity</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>4</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.28.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.12782/specdiv.28.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2189-7301</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7522788</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7545043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7545043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87AF4F16FFB8FC7EFA7CFDEE160A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87AF4F16FFB8FC7EFA7CFDEE160A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection box="[910,1342,1434,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[910,1342,1434,1459]" box="[910,1342,1434,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<heading box="[910,1342,1434,1459]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Schneider, 1799)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[910,1342,1434,1459]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[910,1159,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acrochordus granulatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Schneider, J. G." box="[1171,1335,1434,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="ref2299" refString="Schneider, J. G. 1799. Historiae Amphibiorum narturalis et literariae. Fasciculus primus, continens Ranas, Calamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros. Friederich Frommann, Jena, xiii + 266 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1799">Schneider, 1799</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[951,1301,1467,1556]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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[English name: Marine File Snake; Japanese name: Hime-yasuri-hebi] (
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<figureCitation box="[1040,1128,1532,1556]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[156,187,1442,1464]" captionStartId-1="1.[821,852,1434,1456]" captionStartId-2="2.[156,187,1217,1239]" captionTargetBox-0="[234,689,212,1403]" captionTargetBox-1="[842,1410,630,1395]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,206,1178]" captionTargetId-0="figure-299@1.[233,690,205,1404]" captionTargetId-1="figure-404@1.[841,1411,627,1396]" captionTargetId-2="figure-389@2.[187,1399,205,1179]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Specimen labels and condition of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM. (a) Original label; (b) specimen condition and the latest label (No. 3520)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Enlarged view of the head of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM. (a) Lateral, (b) dorsal, and (c) ventral." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dorsolateral (a), and ventrolateral (b) views of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522790" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522792" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522794" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7522790/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7522792/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7522794/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation box="[1138,1209,1532,1556]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[821,869,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Each measurement and counts of specimens of Acrochordus granulatus. Left and right counts are shown as left/right." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[820,1432,1597,2077]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,1062,1597,1621]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Materials examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1938-06" collectionCode="KUM" country="Japan" county="Amamioshima Island" location="Third Higher School" municipality="University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" specimenCode="3250" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kyoto">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87AF4F16FFB8FC7EFA7CFDEE160A:8EDC60624F16FFBAFBCFF9DBFAE11747" box="[1087,1299,1597,1621]" country="Japan" county="Amamioshima Island" municipality="University" name="Third Higher School" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Kyoto">Third Higher School</location>
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collection at
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<collectionCode box="[820,878,1630,1653]" collectionName="KUM" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">KUM</collectionCode>
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(No.
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<specimenCode box="[940,989,1629,1653]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3250</specimenCode>
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of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87AF4F16FFB8FC7EFA7CFDEE160A:8EDC60624F16FFBAFBF2F9B8FB131764" box="[1026,1249,1630,1654]" country="Japan" county="Amamioshima Island" municipality="University" name="Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Kyoto">Biological Laboratory</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87AF4F16FFB8FC7EFA7CFDEE160A:8EDC60624F16FFBAFB1DF9B8FA661764" box="[1261,1428,1630,1654]" country="Japan" county="Amamioshima Island" municipality="University" name="Yoshida College" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Kyoto">Yoshida College</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[820,880,1663,1687]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kyoto</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality box="[895,1004,1662,1686]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">University</collectingMunicipality>
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), collected from
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<collectingCounty box="[1198,1428,1662,1686]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amamioshima Island</collectingCounty>
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, Kagoshima Prefecture,
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<collectingCountry box="[1065,1121,1695,1718]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Japan</collectingCountry>
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in
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<date box="[1165,1272,1695,1719]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" value="1938-06">
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<collectingDate box="[1165,1272,1695,1719]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" value="1938-06">June 1938</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. Formalin-preserved specimens. Collector: unknown; preparing specimen: Niki Biological Institute.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[820,1432,1597,2077]" box="[846,1331,1792,1816]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,978,1792,1816]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</emphasis>
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<tableCitation box="[1003,1075,1792,1816]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[821,869,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Each measurement and counts of specimens of Acrochordus granulatus. Left and right counts are shown as left/right." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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shows the measurement.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="0.[820,1432,1597,2077]" lastBlockId="1.[156,767,1565,2077]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Measurements shown in
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<tableCitation box="[1111,1188,1825,1849]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[821,869,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Each measurement and counts of specimens of Acrochordus granulatus. Left and right counts are shown as left/right." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. Total length,
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<quantity box="[1344,1427,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.71" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="mm" value="571.0">571 mm</quantity>
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; tail length,
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<quantity box="[947,1019,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 mm</quantity>
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. Head short and rounded, with same width as neck; eyes small; nostrils tubular (
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<figureCitation box="[1274,1337,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[821,852,1434,1456]" captionTargetBox="[842,1410,630,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-404@1.[841,1411,627,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Enlarged view of the head of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM. (a) Lateral, (b) dorsal, and (c) ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522792/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Skin of both body and venter with folds; no enlarged scales on venter; entire body covered with fine scales of about same size (
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<figureCitation box="[828,891,1987,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1217,1239]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,206,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-389@2.[187,1399,205,1179]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Dorsolateral (a), and ventrolateral (b) views of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522794/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); 156 mid-body scales; 10 scales eye–eye; 5 scales eye–lip on each side; 5/6 (left/right) scales naris–eye; 14 supralabial scales on each side; 18 infralabial scales on each side. Multiple tumors on body surface. Head dark brown with pale yellow spots (
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<figureCitation box="[421,488,1597,1621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[821,852,1434,1456]" captionTargetBox="[842,1410,630,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-404@1.[841,1411,627,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Enlarged view of the head of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM. (a) Lateral, (b) dorsal, and (c) ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); body to tail alternating blackish-brown and pale yellow bands; dark brown bands longer at dorsal midline than toward venter (
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<figureCitation box="[608,667,1662,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1217,1239]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,206,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-389@2.[187,1399,205,1179]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Dorsolateral (a), and ventrolateral (b) views of Acrochordus granulatus, Third Higher School collection No. 3250 at KUM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522794/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[821,869,190,212]" targetBox="[842,1411,270,547]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[821,1431,190,240]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
Table 1. Each measurement and counts of specimens of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acrochordus granulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Left and right counts are shown as left/right.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<table box="[842,1411,270,547]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<tr box="[842,1411,270,289]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rowspan-0="1">
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||
<th box="[1076,1163,270,289]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">This study</th>
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||
<th box="[1239,1411,270,289]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanders, K. L. & Mumpuni & Hamidy, A. & Head, J. J. & Gower, D. J." box="[1239,1411,270,289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="857 - 867" refId="ref2239" refString="Sanders, K. L., Mumpuni, Hamidy, A., Head, J. J., and Gower, D. J. 2010. Phylogeny and divergence times of filesnakes (Acrochordus): Inferences from morphology, fossils and three molecular loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 857 - 867." type="journal article" year="2010">Sanders et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[842,1411,311,331]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<th box="[842,998,311,331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Total length (mm)</th>
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<td box="[1076,1163,311,331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">571</td>
|
||
<td box="[1239,1411,311,331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[842,1411,342,362]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<th box="[842,998,342,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tail length (mm)</th>
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||
<td box="[1076,1163,342,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">68</td>
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||
<td box="[1239,1411,342,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[842,1411,373,392]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[842,998,373,392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mid-body scale</th>
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||
<td box="[1076,1163,373,392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">156</td>
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<td box="[1239,1411,373,392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">123–159</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[842,1411,404,423]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<th box="[842,998,404,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scale eye–eye</th>
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||
<td box="[1076,1163,404,423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">10</td>
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<td box="[1239,1411,404,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">10–15</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[842,1411,435,454]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<th box="[842,998,435,454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scale eye–lip</th>
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||
<td box="[1076,1163,435,454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">5/5</td>
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||
<td box="[1239,1411,435,454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">5–7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[842,1411,466,485]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
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<th box="[842,998,466,485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scale naris–eye</th>
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<td box="[1076,1163,466,485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">5/6</td>
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<td box="[1239,1411,466,485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">5–7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[842,1411,497,516]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[842,998,497,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Supralabial scales</th>
|
||
<td box="[1076,1163,497,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">14/14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1239,1411,497,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">14–22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[842,1411,527,547]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[842,998,527,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Infralabial scales</th>
|
||
<td box="[1076,1163,527,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">18/18</td>
|
||
<td box="[1239,1411,527,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">12–28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522790/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[156,187,1442,1464]" targetBox="[234,689,212,1403]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[156,767,1442,1520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Fig. 1. Specimen labels and condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Third Higher" authorityName="Third Higher" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acrochordus granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
, Third Higher
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
School collection No. 3250 at KUM. (a) Original label; (b) specimen condition and the latest label (No. 3520).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[821,852,1434,1456]" targetBox="[842,1410,630,1395]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[821,1431,1434,1512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Fig. 2. Enlarged view of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Third Higher" authorityName="Third Higher" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1209,1427,1434,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acrochordus granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
, Third Higher
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
School collection No. 3250 at KUM. (a) Lateral, (b) dorsal, and (c) ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[156,767,1565,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,321,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[346,587,1695,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[346,587,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acrochordus granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[255,347,1727,1751]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cogger, H. G." box="[362,497,1728,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref1700" refString="Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, 1096 pp." type="book" year="2014">Cogger 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), continental coastal areas from the Indian Peninsula to the Malay Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cox, M. J. & van Dijk, P. P. & Nabhitabhata, J. & Thirakhupt, K." box="[334,494,1792,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref1725" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J., and Thirakhupt, K. 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">Cox et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[506,702,1792,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2205" refString="Nguyen, S. V., Ho, C. T., and Nguyen, T. Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp." type="book" year="2009">Nguyen et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murthy, T. S. N." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2137" refString="Murthy, T. S. N. 2010. The ReptileFauna of India. B. R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp." type="book" year="2010">Murthy 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hainan Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, Z. J." box="[431,562,1825,1849]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="336" refId="ref1850" refString="Huang, Z. J. 1963. A new subfamily record (Acrochordinae) of the Chinese Serpentes - Acrochordus granulatus (Gray). Acta Zoologica Sinica 15: 336. [In Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1963">Huang 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Sunda Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Rooij, N." box="[163,311,1857,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref1777" refString="de Rooij, N. 1917. The Reptiles of the Indo - Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp." type="book" year="1917">de Rooij 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stuebing, R. B. & Inger, R. F. & Lardner, B." box="[322,527,1857,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2384" refString="Stuebing, R. B., Inger, R. F., and Lardner, B. 2014. A Field Guide to the Snakes of Borneo, Second Edition. Natural History Publication, Kota Kinabalu, viii + 310 pp." type="book" year="2014">Stuebing et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunson, W. A. & Minton, S. A." box="[228,512,1890,1914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="281 - 286" refId="ref1810" refString="Dunson, W. A. and Minton, S. A. 1978. Diversity, distribution, and ecology of Philippine marine snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of Herpetology 12: 281 - 286." type="journal article" year="1978">Dunson and Minton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bernstein, J. M. & Bautista, J." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="272 - 273" refId="ref1660" refString="Bernstein, J. M. and Bautista, J. 2020. Geographic distribution: Acrochordus granulatus (Little File Snake). Philippines: Camarines Sur: Magarao Province. Herpetological Review 51: 272 - 273." type="journal article" year="2020">Bernstein and Bautista 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[156,767,1565,2077]" lastBlockId="1.[820,1432,1565,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,281,1955,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This specimen agrees well with the morphological characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[409,545,1988,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[409,545,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanders, K. L. & Mumpuni & Hamidy, A. & Head, J. J. & Gower, D. J." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="857 - 867" refId="ref2239" refString="Sanders, K. L., Mumpuni, Hamidy, A., Head, J. J., and Gower, D. J. 2010. Phylogeny and divergence times of filesnakes (Acrochordus): Inferences from morphology, fossils and three molecular loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 857 - 867." type="journal article" year="2010">Sanders et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[296,373,2020,2044]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[821,869,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Each measurement and counts of specimens of Acrochordus granulatus. Left and right counts are shown as left/right." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="DF7C66314F17FFBBFCC5FF58FA8B11E2">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). It was identified as “Sea snake” (including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[240,340,2053,2077]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Laticauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[240,340,2053,2077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Laticauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Laidlaw" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[432,577,2053,2077]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,577,2053,2077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">H. annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the past. However, the sea snakes including
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Laidlaw" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1155,1305,1565,1589]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1155,1305,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">H. annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually characterized by a flat tail and a head covered with relatively large scales (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stuebing, R. B. & Inger, R. F. & Lardner, B." box="[949,1154,1630,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2384" refString="Stuebing, R. B., Inger, R. F., and Lardner, B. 2014. A Field Guide to the Snakes of Borneo, Second Edition. Natural History Publication, Kota Kinabalu, viii + 310 pp." type="book" year="2014">Stuebing et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which do not correspond to the characteristics of the specimen. This misidentification may be due to the absence of occurrence records of file snakes in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[928,987,1728,1751]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and also their similarity to sea snakes in both body coloration and habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[820,1432,1565,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[156,767,1304,1816]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[846,1090,1792,1816]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,1090,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acrochordus granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to have ecologically adapted to shallow water habitats such as mangrove areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lillywhite, H. B." box="[827,992,1857,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="14010" refId="ref1997" refString="Lillywhite, H. B. 2020. The unusual biology of marine file snakes with a perspective for the conservation of Acrochordus granulatus. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 14: pjsb 2020 b 14010." type="journal article" year="2020">Lillywhite 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while they were reported to be captured as far as
|
||
<quantity box="[915,975,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
from the coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Voris, H. K. & Glodek, G. S." box="[1151,1397,1890,1914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="105 - 108" refId="ref2429" refString="Voris, H. K. and Glodek, G. S. 1980. Habitat, diet and reproduction of the file snake, Acrochordus granulatus, in the straits of Malacca. Journal of Herpetology 14: 105 - 108." type="journal article" year="1980">Voris and Glodek 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is quite possible that the natural dispersal by the Kuroshio Current carried this species to Amamioshima Island. The nearest habitat of this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1195,1251,1988,2011]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
or Hainan Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, Z. J." box="[1084,1212,2020,2044]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="336" refId="ref1850" refString="Huang, Z. J. 1963. A new subfamily record (Acrochordinae) of the Chinese Serpentes - Acrochordus granulatus (Gray). Acta Zoologica Sinica 15: 336. [In Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1963">Huang 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunson, W. A. & Minton, S. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="281 - 286" refId="ref1810" refString="Dunson, W. A. and Minton, S. A. 1978. Diversity, distribution, and ecology of Philippine marine snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of Herpetology 12: 281 - 286." type="journal article" year="1978">Dunson and Minton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bernstein, J. M. & Bautista, J." box="[886,1189,2053,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="272 - 273" refId="ref1660" refString="Bernstein, J. M. and Bautista, J. 2020. Geographic distribution: Acrochordus granulatus (Little File Snake). Philippines: Camarines Sur: Magarao Province. Herpetological Review 51: 272 - 273." type="journal article" year="2020">Bernstein and Bautista 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, since there is only one record from Hainan Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, Z. J." box="[568,697,1304,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="336" refId="ref1850" refString="Huang, Z. J. 1963. A new subfamily record (Acrochordinae) of the Chinese Serpentes - Acrochordus granulatus (Gray). Acta Zoologica Sinica 15: 336. [In Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1963">Huang 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shi, H. T. & Zhao, E. M. & Wang, L. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref2341" refString="Shi, H. T., Zhao, E. M., and Wang, L. J. 2011. The Amphibia and Reptilia Fauna of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing, 207 pp. [In Chinese]" type="book" year="2011">Shi et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is more likely that this individual came from a larger and more stable population in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[613,730,1370,1394]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition, since many typhoons in June track toward
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[710,766,1403,1426]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
after approaching the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[378,492,1435,1459]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Japan Metrological Agency" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref1887" refString="Japan Metrological Agency. 2022. Information of typhoon. Available at https: // www. jma. go. jp / jma / kishou / know / typhoon / (25 July 2022). [In Japanese]" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[505,564,1435,1459]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Metrological Agency 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is possible that a typhoon carried this specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[252,366,1500,1524]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Amamioshima Island. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hornstedt" authorityYear="1787" box="[220,342,1533,1556]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[220,342,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. javanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a closely related species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[626,761,1532,1556]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,761,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been reported to have been accidentally transported to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[156,212,1598,1621]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
by hiding in wood from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[465,565,1597,1621]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kagei, N. & Shogaki, Y." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="155 - 159" refId="ref1928" refString="Kagei, N. and Shogaki, Y. 1977. Helminthes of animals imported in Japan I Tanqua ophidis Johnston and Mawson, 1948 of Water Snakes from Samarinda, Indonesia. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5: 155 - 159." type="journal article" year="1977">Kagei and Shogaki 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so we could not rule out the possibility that this individual was artificially transported to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[554,613,1663,1686]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In either case, there are no solid records of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[470,609,1695,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,609,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[650,706,1695,1718]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
from 1938 to the present. Thus, it is highly likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Acrochordidae" genus="Acrochordus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very rare in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[337,396,1760,1783]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it would be difficult to establish a stable population in the archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |