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<document id="B1CC9903027FD9600822B65EFEB2BF07" ID-CLB-Dataset="21225" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.705" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b35bfbad-0050-4662-b03e-3a59235b22d2" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994469" ID-ZooBank="B05B3C54-31C8-42C4-940F-63354D573678" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598016369708" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Oliveira, Karine Gobetti de, Bolonhezi, Laura Bianco, Almeida, Ana Laura, Lago-Barcia, Domingo &amp; Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2020" docId="03AA87A3FF93FF9F727581B5452D03B3" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-705_oliveira_bolonhezi_almeida.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 705" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Piima ata Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo 2020, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="835A8CB7-4F4E-485E-83D7-0FDF137290C3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF93FFDBFF9DFF8D703A833E47740552" masterDocTitle="Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698845073251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="78855447C743E64BA129F4472F64EC73">Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40CE11F32F44029A7E515263A58BECF1">Oliveira, Karine Gobetti de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="72818929C0382E923505BE1D534FEBFF">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1B957E0C9454C82F7ABE5F94A79DCFC" type="email">karine.gobetti.oliveira@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="51D99599B7B6D8377C4D858FD367E708">Bolonhezi, Laura Bianco</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B73A06CB936D7E109E7C5897D3FC98D3" type="LSID">3A754EE2-FDE5-4D88-BE81-619ED5AAC491</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="100C82C22A32F4730C0F92772E9697A0">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A3001C0841D9AE27B93D1D64DFA45051" type="email">laura.bolonhezi@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3F1C6B2AB9B46E83FD169CEF87F9D5F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5AEB1489A4013A8498A47CEDAE27F94D">Almeida, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3A928C9D95632B56C438FF7FEC92E3C" type="LSID">DA8396A4-2113-47C7-8EA5-41B9651BEE32</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="368B0B8A39FFE0269696B44262F0F6FB">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFE4D0E7EA18BE34CD9CEB2B621338AE" type="email">ana.laura.santos@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="4D8D616A4CE470F1762E7B31958F750E">Lago-Barcia, Domingo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E212A14469EDED1D66CD7F146F0F22BA" type="LSID">1C988356-F43C-4ACC-B137-3CAA3BBC23B1</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5C8613081A1D01C6CD9E0427B771CE67">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C6DBC8F42A595C6BFA57EA98463259D" type="email">domingo.lagobarcia@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CC7D073F6FABD1A9CF047E0DE07F3133">Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E629FAE7B1BC25D6F46C91E3A9FD1711" type="LSID">FEFD8A85-5041-4F95-9F0F-FC12ADE0B29E</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="35DFC1CC37E697D3C334FBC17E7C669D">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DB191232231DFF1D26FCFDB9C0AB56D" type="email">baz@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="51936BCF1B8264F85EE8A1C99F1B25D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="07D64BBEF306542E13B2C673E9E950E5">
<mods:title id="E815942C04F7AA1360662B3E1B578140">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6863A22953EA86EFC88C5B2D54127A05">
<mods:date id="64CB026417B1EFF53EA14951EB388BB4">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C95C7DEFA44D2242D57857C7CC508095" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F00B9239D28A98522717C1C1B7E18B0F">2020-08-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C2F84115BC732725731CBC9CFDF0F9D3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="60654D6C54EEB06A7CB6EAAA154C724B">705</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0734A004A394C5672C49D88339BBDC02">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="1BDDF122677CB256A3DF79E9034EF735">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="10CC0584EDAB1D145AA4F225C1EE6E12" type="CLB-Dataset">21225</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C5534FF4983218DF978F65B9CA2B8728" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.705</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B209A42224EC356C1B84753BF040343" type="GBIF-Dataset">b35bfbad-0050-4662-b03e-3a59235b22d2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B6BC85CC8E6FBDC5D8C4BCA44C36BF35" type="Zenodo-Dep">3994469</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ACC0F3AD2B921528AB01923779304008" type="ZooBank">B05B3C54-31C8-42C4-940F-63354D573678</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87A3FF93FF9F727581B5452D03B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328410" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167287939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328410" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:835A8CB7-4F4E-485E-83D7-0FDF137290C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87A3FF93FF9F727581B5452D03B3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF83727581B5449107F7" box="[591,997,651,677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83727581B5449107F7" blockId="14.[370,1218,651,754]" box="[591,997,651,677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF93FF83727581B5449107F7" box="[591,997,651,677]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF93FF83727581B5445907F7" authority="Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[591,813,651,677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ata" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83727581B545B707F7" bold="true" box="[591,707,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Piima ata</emphasis>
Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF93FF83730F81B5449107F7" box="[821,997,651,677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF8371488191441507A0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF837148819143B60798" blockId="14.[370,1218,651,754]" box="[370,1218,687,714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<uri id="FF923AB7FF93FF837148819143B60798" box="[370,1218,687,714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFA50C60FF93FF8372A9819143B60798" box="[659,1218,687,714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">835A8CB7-4F4E-485E-83D7-0FDF137290C3</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8372E981EB441507A0" blockId="14.[370,1218,651,754]" box="[723,865,725,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF93FF8372E981EB441507A0" box="[723,865,725,754]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF837087802745120661" box="[189,614,793,819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF837087802745120661" blockId="14.[189,614,793,819]" box="[189,614,793,819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF93FF837087802746450661" authority="Carbayo et al., 2013" box="[189,305,793,819]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF837087802746450661" box="[189,305,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Geoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 3
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF93FF83714D802745120661" author="Carbayo F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas M. &amp; Olivares C. T. &amp; Marques F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M." box="[375,614,793,819]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carbayo" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="508 - 828" part="42" refId="ref9945" refString="Carbayo F., Alvarez-Presas M., Olivares C. T., Marques F. P. L., Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" title="Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8371DB802445680661" box="[481,540,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF8370878065432C0167" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF837087806546420627" blockId="14.[189,310,859,885]" box="[189,310,859,885]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF93FF837087806546420627" bold="true" box="[189,310,859,885]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF837087806546420627" bold="true" box="[189,310,859,885]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83708780B5432C0167" blockId="14.[189,1399,907,1078]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A species of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF93FF83716680B546D606F6" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[348,418,907,932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83716680B546D606F6" box="[348,418,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Piima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF93FF83719680B5456D06F7" box="[428,537,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with a black dorsum having a median white band and large white dots occasionally merged with each other; the copulatory is apparatus comparatively long; the muscularis of prostatic vesicle is extraordinarily strong; the penis papilla is finger-shaped; the male atrium has a distal, large traversed annular fold; the female genital duct is dilated and dorso-anteriorly flexed above the female atrium; the muscularis of the female atrium is very thick and dense.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF837087876044260199" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83708787604630012A" blockId="14.[189,324,1118,1144]" box="[189,324,1118,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF93FF83708787604630012A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1118,1144]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83708787604630012A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1118,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83708787B344260199" blockId="14.[189,1399,1165,1228]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The name '
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83710587B3461F01F5" box="[319,363,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ata'</emphasis>
('
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF93FF8371B887B046D301F5" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[386,423,1166,1191]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8371B887B046D301F5" box="[386,423,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">atã</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
') is a Tupi (indigenous Brazilian language) word meaning '
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83745F87B343C101F5" box="[1125,1205,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">strong'</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF93FF8374FF87B3421E01F5" author="Tibirica L. C." box="[1221,1386,1165,1191]" firstAuthor="Tibirica" journalOrPublisher="Traco Editora e Distribuidora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref10253" refString="Tibirica L. C. 1984. Dicionario Tupi-Portugues. Traco Editora e Distribuidora, Sao Paulo." title="Dicionario Tupi-Portugues" type="book" year="1984">Tibiriçá 1984</bibRefCitation>
). It refers to the very thick muscle of the prostatic vesicle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF83708787CD43CD0240" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83708787CD46DE005F" blockId="14.[189,426,1267,1293]" box="[189,426,1267,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF93FF83708787CD46DE005F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1267,1293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83708787CD46DE005F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1267,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8370D0861D4628006F" blockId="14.[189,1399,1315,1522]" box="[234,348,1315,1341]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8370D0861D4628006F" bold="true" box="[234,348,1315,1341]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF93FF8370D0861D4628006F" box="[234,348,1315,1341]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8370878679436400A0" blockId="14.[189,1399,1315,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CE8FF93FF8370878679436400A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846737303" collectingDate="2008-02-05" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="F. Carbayo" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-22.75" location="Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina" longLatPrecision="755" longitude="-44.62" municipality="Sao Jose do Barreiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="PL 1013" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="State of Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3147625FF93FF837087867946520033" box="[189,294,1351,1377]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D05FD3CFF93FF83717F867946EF0033" box="[325,411,1351,1377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49C7F857FF93FF837190867945FA0033" box="[426,654,1351,1377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">State of São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8ACCFFF93FF8372A7867944E80033" box="[669,924,1351,1377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">São José do Barreiro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDC606EFF93FF837390867642060033" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87A3FF93FF9F727581B5452D03B3:8EDC606EFF93FF837390867642060033" box="[938,1394,1351,1378]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-22.75" longLatPrecision="755" longitude="-44.62" municipality="Sao Jose do Barreiro" name="Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="State of Sao Paulo">Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE375072FF93FF8370878655465700D7" box="[189,291,1387,1414]" degrees="22.75" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="555" value="-22.75">22.75° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375072FF93FF837114865546EB00D4" box="[302,415,1387,1414]" degrees="44.62" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="555" value="-44.62">44.62° W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFBD1075FF93FF8371908655454100D7" box="[426,565,1387,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-02-05">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E99DFF93FF8371908655454100D7" box="[426,565,1387,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-02-05">5 Feb. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26F65363FF93FF83727A865245CA00D7" box="[576,702,1387,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8372FF8652458A00D7" box="[709,766,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; transverse sections of cephalic region on 5 slides, sagittal sections of the ovarian region on 3 slides, horizontal sections of a portion behind ovarian region on 3 slides, transverse sections of pre-pharyngeal region on 4 slides, sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 6 slides; field number F2027;
<collectionCode id="ED12AE70FF93FF83730786E644EA00A0" box="[829,926,1496,1522]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA59ECEFF93FF83739F86E6437800A0" box="[933,1036,1496,1522]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">PL 1013</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8370D0852446280366" blockId="14.[189,1399,1562,1697]" box="[234,348,1562,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8370D0852446280366" bold="true" box="[234,348,1562,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF93FF8370D0852446280366" box="[234,348,1562,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8370878500478A03F3" blockId="14.[189,1399,1562,1697]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CE8FF93FF8370878500478E03F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846737306" collectingDate="2008-09-07" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="J. Pedroni" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-22.75" location="BRAZIL" longLatPrecision="755" longitude="-44.62" municipality="Sao Jose do Barreiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="PL 1194" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F3147625FF93FF8370878500465D030A" box="[189,297,1598,1624]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D05FD3CFF93FF837101850046D6030A" box="[315,418,1598,1624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="subadult">subadult</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<date id="FFBD1075FF93FF83734285014378030A" box="[888,1036,1598,1625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-09-07">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E99DFF93FF83734285014378030A" box="[888,1036,1598,1625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-09-07">7 Sep. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26F65363FF93FF837421850143E6030A" box="[1051,1170,1598,1625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">J. Pedroni</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8374A7850143AE030A" box="[1181,1242,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; sagittal sections of pharynx and incipient copulatory apparatus on 2 slides; field number F2796;
<collectionCode id="ED12AE70FF93FF8374D1855C4238032E" box="[1259,1356,1634,1660]" collectionName="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA59ECEFF93FF83756F855D478E03F3" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">PL 1194</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83708785F7462903B1" blockId="14.[189,349,1737,1763]" box="[189,349,1737,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF93FF83708785F7462903B1" bold="true" box="[189,349,1737,1763]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF83708785F7462903B1" bold="true" box="[189,349,1737,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF83708785C743CD0240" blockId="14.[189,1209,1784,1811]" box="[189,1209,1784,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina, São José do Barreiro, State of
<collectingRegion id="49C7F857FF93FF8373DF85C6432A0240" box="[997,1118,1784,1810]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3147625FF93FF83745085C643C10240" box="[1130,1205,1784,1810]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF93FF9F7087840446360641" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8370878404463A0206" blockId="14.[189,334,1850,1876]" box="[189,334,1850,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF93FF8370878404463A0206" bold="true" box="[189,334,1850,1876]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF93FF8370878404463A0206" bold="true" box="[189,334,1850,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF8370878455437302D6" blockId="14.[189,1031,1898,1925]" box="[189,1031,1898,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
MEASUREMENTS. Living
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF93FF8371EB8454454C02D6" box="[465,568,1898,1924]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF93FF837260845445D802D7" box="[602,684,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF93FF83736E845444EC02D7" box="[852,920,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF93FF827087849343EE04E0" blockId="14.[189,1399,1964,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[189,1399,267,435]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
BODY. Slender, with parallel margins; the anterior is extremity rounded; the posterior extremity is pointed. The dorsal side is convex; the ventral one is flat; the body margins are rounded. The dorsal color is black and white (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF92FF827179823546C60477" box="[323,434,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). The anterior 10% of the body exhibits a median black band separated from the black margins by a whitish area. Subsequently to this section, a pair of transverse black lines separated by a whitish band appears. From behind these black lines to the posterior end, the color is black except for a median white band (20% of the body width) and large white dots occasionally merged with each other. The ventral side is white, slightly gray in the first two millimeters of the body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF92FF82708782E4478E07F6" blockId="15.[189,1399,473,676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
EYES.
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF82713D82E746F604A6" box="[263,386,473,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 µm</quantity>
in diameter, monolobated and lacking halos. These eyes are marginally located in a single row encircling the anterior region, and distributed in two-to-three irregular marginal rows until the posterior end of the body where they are scarce. The sensory pits are simple invaginations 30 μm deep; and located ventro-marginally in a single row, from the very anterior end up to a portion equal to 30% of the body length. The relative mouth: body length is 61%; the relative gonopore: body length is 77%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF92FF82708781F2465F06C7" blockId="15.[189,1399,715,917]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
EPITHELIUM. Ciliated only in the creeping sole, which is 74% of the body width in the pre-pharyngeal region. The ventral epithelium of the cephalic region is pierced by necks of numerous cells producing erythrophil granules. Besides rhabditogen cells, the dorsal and ventro-marginal epithelium of the prepharyngeal region is pierced by necks of two
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF92FF8272FC800B4470061D" box="[710,772,821,847]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
of cells producing xanthophil and cyanophil granules, respectively, the latter also discharging their content through the ventral epithelium. A glandular margin is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF92FF9D708780834525041A" blockId="15.[189,1399,956,1159]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1398,267,328]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
CUTANEOUS MUSCULATURE. Consists of three muscle layers, namely a thin subepithelial layer (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF827524808242030685" box="[1310,1399,956,983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 µm</quantity>
thick, dorsally and ventrally) of circular fibers, followed by a layer of decussate fibers (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF8274EE80E1425806A8" box="[1236,1324,991,1018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 µm</quantity>
thick, dorsally and ventrally), and an innermost layer of longitudinal fibers (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF8273D1873D434C014F" box="[1003,1080,1027,1053]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
dorsally,
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF827490873D4382014F" box="[1194,1270,1027,1053]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 µm</quantity>
ventrally), arranged in loose bundles of 4–12 fibers each. The cutaneous musculature thickness relative to the body height is 7.4%. There are three parenchymal muscle layers: a dorsal layer (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF827471877743FF0136" box="[1099,1163,1097,1124]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 µm</quantity>
thick) of decussate fibers, a supraintestinal layer (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF8272258753451901D5" box="[543,621,1133,1159]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
thick) of transverse fibers, and a subintestinal layer (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF92FF8274E78752425F01D5" box="[1245,1323,1132,1159]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
thick) of transverse fibers, lying above the ventral nerve plate. Towards the anterior end of the body, these layers become thinner and extinct.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C663DFF92FF8270878459451F02B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF92FF8270878459451F02B9" blockId="15.[189,1399,1895,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF8270878459466202D3" bold="true" box="[189,278,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF92FF8271218456468602D3" authority="Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,498,1895,1921]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ata" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF827121845646FE02D3" box="[283,394,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Piima ata</emphasis>
Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF92FF8271CD845645D402D0" box="[503,672,1896,1922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MZUSP PL 1013).
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF8273C38459437A02D3" bold="true" box="[1017,1038,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF827495845943B702D3" bold="true" box="[1199,1219,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx.
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF82721884B4454302F6" bold="true" box="[546,567,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region.
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF827087849047A6029A" bold="true" box="[189,210,1966,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle.
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF92FF82739C849044CE029A" bold="true" box="[934,954,1966,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8DFF9D7087824E45030745" blockId="16.[189,1399,368,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
MOUTH. Lies about half way along the pocket (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8DFF9D72CD824E441104D8" box="[759,869,368,394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). The pharynx is cylindrical, with its dorsal insertion slightly posteriorly located. An esophagus is inconspicuous. The outer pharyngeal epithelium is underlain by a one-fiber-thick longitudinal layer, followed by a two-fiber-thick circular one. The inner pharyngeal epithelium consists of a layer (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8DFF9D72CD82E7443204A6" box="[759,838,473,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
thick) of circular fibers with some interspersed longitudinal fibers in its ectal portion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8DFF9C70878101422907FC" blockId="16.[189,1399,574,707]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,267,687]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
ROUNDED TESTES.
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8DFF9D71B68100469F070B" box="[396,491,574,601]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
in diameter, located between the supraintestinal parenchymal muscle layer and the intestinal diverticula (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8DFF9D7219815F45E5072E" box="[547,657,609,636]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). They are arranged in a single row on each side of the body, and extend from shortly behind the level of the ovaries (equal to 21% of the body length) to closely to the root of the pharynx (equal to 56% of the body length). The efferent ducts are located between the fibers of the transverse subintestinal muscle layer. The distal portion of these ducts contains sperm and is dilated. Reaching the penis bulb, these ducts bend anteriorly to the sagittal plane and subsequently penetrate the antero-dorsal portion of the muscularis of the prostatic vesicle to open laterally into the anterior portion of the prostatic vesicle. The prostatic vesicle is elongate, narrower distally (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C753A8248420504C3" box="[1280,1393,374,401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 10D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C708782A447AC04E6" box="[189,216,410,436]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11</figureCitation>
A–B). This vesicle is straight and inclined postero-ventrally. The lining epithelium of the vesicle is cuboidal and ciliated. Cells producing fine erythrophil granules and scarce cells secreting cyanophil granules discharge their products through the epithelium into the vesicle. The muscularis of the prostatic vesicle is composed of an extremely dense and thick muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C739D813B43730772" box="[935,1031,517,544]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 µm</quantity>
thick) of superposed layers of diagonal fibers. The vesicle communicates with the ejaculatory duct in the ventro-anterior section of the penis bulb. The proximal portion of the ejaculatory duct meanders towards the dorsal side; subsequently, it crosses the center of the penis papilla (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C72A5814E447807D9" box="[671,780,624,651]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 10E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C7323814F443807D9" box="[793,844,625,651]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11B</figureCitation>
). The ejaculatory duct is lined with a cuboidal, ciliated epithelium, and is underlain by a circular muscle,
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thick anteriorly,
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thick distally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C663DFF8DFF9D70878459458302B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8DFF9D70878459458302B9" blockId="16.[189,1399,1895,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D70878459466102D3" bold="true" box="[189,277,1895,1921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8DFF9D71208456468702D3" authority="Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,499,1895,1921]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ata" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D7120845646FE02D3" box="[282,394,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Piima ata</emphasis>
Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF8DFF9D71C2845645D002D0" box="[504,676,1896,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MZUSP PL 1013).
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D743A8459436102D3" bold="true" box="[1024,1045,1895,1921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus.
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D732184B4445B02F6" bold="true" box="[795,815,1930,1956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus.
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D710784934601029A" bold="true" box="[317,373,1965,1992]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C–E</emphasis>
. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D74EE8493439D0295" bold="true" box="[1236,1257,1965,1991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
), ovary (
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D756D84904218029A" bold="true" box="[1367,1388,1966,1992]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
) and female genital cavity and female atrium (
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8DFF9D72E884EF459202B9" bold="true" box="[722,742,2001,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8CFF9C708781E945EB015C" blockId="17.[189,1399,726,1038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
PENIS PAPILLA. Close to its opening at the subapical tip, the ejaculatory duct widens slightly and the free surface of its lining epithelium is undulated and apparently not ciliated. The penis papilla is finger-shaped, with a conical tip, and horizontally positioned (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C72D88023443A066A" box="[738,846,797,824]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1217,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1209,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Dorsal view. B. Diagrammatic representation of the pharynx. C. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. D. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle. E. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of penis papilla and the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994489/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 10E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C736080204401066A" box="[858,885,798,824]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11</figureCitation>
A–B). This papilla projects from the anteroventral section of the male atrium and is half as long as the male atrium. The penis papilla is lined with a squamous-to-cuboidal epithelium, which is pierced by necks of cells producing cyanophil granules. The epithelium of the distal half of the papilla is additionally crossed by necks of cells producing xanthophil granules. The muscularis of the penis papilla is composed of a subepithelial circular muscle followed by a longitudinal muscle. These layers are dense and thick (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C737480EE44EF06B9" box="[846,923,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C73E880EE436A06B9" box="[978,1054,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
each) in the proximal section of the papilla, but inconspicuous distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8CFF9C7087870843A8003F" blockId="17.[189,1399,1078,1390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
MALE ATRIUM. Elongate and divided into two halves. The anterior half houses the penis papilla and is relatively smooth (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C71AF876746910126" box="[405,485,1113,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B). Dorsal to the penis papilla, the male atrium possesses a recess (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C7539876742260126" box="[1283,1362,1113,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B– C). The distal half is narrower and provided with a large, transverse annular fold. The lining epithelium of the male atrium is squamous-to-cuboidal, and is crossed by necks of cells producing granules with a weak affinity for a cyanophil stain. In its bottom, the dorsal recess receives xanthophil granules produced by numerous cells; in its distal section, the recess receives eryhtrophil granules (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C74C687D6421C0050" box="[1276,1384,1256,1282]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). The muscularis of the male atrium is strong, and composed of a dense subepithelial circular muscle, followed by a longitudinal one; the thickness of these muscles becomes highest in the midregion,
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C7571860E4791003C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C7124866D4618003C" box="[286,364,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
, respectively. A muscle coat of decussate fibers envelopes the male atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8CFF9F708786AB458504C2" blockId="17.[189,1399,1429,2027]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1399,267,401]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
OVARIES. The vitellaria are well developed. The ovaries, ovoid, are
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C73D286AB433200E2" box="[1000,1094,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C74C286AB422200E2" box="[1272,1366,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
in diameter. They are ventrally located between the intestine and the subintestinal parenchymal muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C713286E3460700A5" box="[264,371,1501,1527]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
). They are located at a distance from the anterior extremity of the body equal to 20% of the body length. The ovovitelline ducts arise from the dorso-lateral aspect of the ovaries. The proximal portion of these ducts is slightly dilated and contains spermatozoa. These ducts run ventrally to the sperm ducts, between the fibers of the subintestinal parenchymal muscle layer. Reaching the region of the gonopore, they bend obliquely to the sagittal plane and subsequently join to communicate with the common glandular ovovitelline duct, the latter located dorsally to the female atrium (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C74E685B1421D03F8" box="[1244,1385,1679,1706]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11B, E</figureCitation>
). The ovovitelline ducts are surrounded by a decussate muscle. The distal portion of these ducts receives shell glands. The common ovovitelline duct is long, horizontally placed, and surrounded by a decussate muscle
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8CFF9C712785C446F80247" box="[285,396,1786,1813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 µm</quantity>
thick. The common ovovitelline duct connects with a short canal similar to this common duct but devoid of shell glands. In turn, this short canal opens into the anterior face of a dorsal, large and dilated female genital cavity. This cavity is located dorsally to the posterior region of the female atrium. The cavity contains a lump of a cyanophil granular mass attached to a strongly erythrophil secretion. The erythrophil secretion exhibits an amorphous aspect in some regions, while in others it is constituted of parallel strands (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8CFF9C72D18493442C0295" box="[747,856,1965,1991]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
). The female genital cavity is lined with an epithelium having a multilayered aspect and an irregular free surface; the epithelial portion nearest to the common ovovitelline duct exhibits gaps. The epithelial female genital cavity is crossed by necks of cells producing erythrophil granules, and its muscularis is composed of a circular muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8FFF9F74DE82114257041B" box="[1252,1315,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
thick), followed by a thin longitudinal muscle. The female atrium is long and spacious; it is more dilated in its midregion. It is 75% as long as the male atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8FFF9F7087828746360641" blockId="18.[189,1399,440,787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
FEMALE ATRIUM. Lined with a cuboidal, ciliated epithelium; cilia are absent near the gonopore canal. The female atrial epithelium convergent with the female genital cavity is crossed by a conspicuous mass of necks of cells producing cyanophil secretion (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8FFF9F72F482C144410748" box="[718,821,511,538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
); the rest of the female atrial epithelium is pierced by necks of cells producing cyanophil granules, and by a second
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF8FFF9F7388811A4491076C" box="[946,997,548,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
of cells producing granules with a poor affinity for erythrophil stain. The epithelium of the female atrium is surrounded by a longitudinal muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8FFF9F711A8154462B07D7" box="[288,351,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
thick), followed by a circular muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8FFF9F731F815444EB07D7" box="[805,927,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 µm</quantity>
thick), the latter with some interspersed longitudinal fibers, and an ectal, thin longitudinal muscle. The circular layer surrounding the middorsal and posterior portion of the female atrium is very thick and dense, reaching up to
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF8FFF9F7446818C43A3079E" box="[1148,1239,690,716]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF8FFF9F74DD818C423B079E" box="[1255,1359,690,716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,773,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,767,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 11. Piima ata Carbayo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL 1013). A. Photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus. B. Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus. C–E. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the recess of the male atrium (C), ovary (D) and female genital cavity and female atrium (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994491/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
). A muscle coat enveloping the female atrium is absent. The gonopore canal is lined by a columnar ciliated epithelium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF8FFF9F7087800543500322" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8FFF9F70878005465B0607" blockId="18.[189,303,827,853]" box="[189,303,827,853]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF8FFF9F70878005465B0607" bold="true" box="[189,303,827,853]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F70878005465B0607" bold="true" box="[189,303,827,853]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8FFF9F7087805443500322" blockId="18.[189,1399,874,1649]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
This species is peculiar among the members of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F72D4805444F106D6" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[750,901,874,900]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
and does not fit well any of the 24 current geoplanin genera (the collective genus
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F72A480B343C306FA" authority="Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu, 1990" authorityName="Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[670,1207,909,936]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F72A480B3441206F5" box="[670,870,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pseudogeoplana</emphasis>
Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu, 1990
</taxonomicName>
excluded). The species resembles more closely the diagnostic features of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F73B4808F43D5069E" authority="(Geoplaninae)" baseAuthorityName="Geoplaninae" box="[910,1185,945,972]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F73B4808F449C0699" box="[910,1000,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paraba</emphasis>
(Geoplaninae)
</taxonomicName>
, in that the body is slender, the eyes are monolobate, the pharynx is cylindrical, the prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar, the penis papilla is protrusible, the ovovitelline ducts join each other above the female atrium, and the female atrium is clothed with an epithelium with a multilayered aspect (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF8FFF9F74578722421E0164" author="Carbayo F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas M. &amp; Olivares C. T. &amp; Marques F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M." box="[1133,1386,1052,1078]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carbayo" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="508 - 828" part="42" refId="ref9945" refString="Carbayo F., Alvarez-Presas M., Olivares C. T., Marques F. P. L., Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" title="Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F74E58723426B0164" box="[1247,1311,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the copulatory apparatus is comparatively longer, the muscle of the prostatic vesicle is extraordinarily thick (vs thin), the male atrium presents a distal, large annular fold (vs not folded), the penis papilla is finger-shaped (vs conical) and in that there is no female genital duct but a dilated genital cavity projected forwards over the female atrium. This combination of features is unique among all members of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F71ED87F0451A01BA" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[471,622,1230,1256]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
and leads to the proposal of a new genus for it. In favor of this proposal are the ambiguous phylogenetic affinities of the species to other
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F746987CC439E005E" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[1107,1258,1266,1292]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
species, as inferred from molecular data (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF8FFF9F725A862B442C0062" author="Carbayo F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas M. &amp; Olivares C. T. &amp; Marques F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M." box="[608,856,1301,1328]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carbayo" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="508 - 828" part="42" refId="ref9945" refString="Carbayo F., Alvarez-Presas M., Olivares C. T., Marques F. P. L., Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" title="Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F72F58628447A007D" box="[719,782,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). None of the molecular analyses placed the new species within, or sister to, the clade constituted by the
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF8FFF9F73BD860444CF0006" box="[903,955,1338,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F7405860743ED0001" box="[1087,1177,1337,1363]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F7405860743ED0001" box="[1087,1177,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paraba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F74E78604461C0025" authority="(Graff, 1899))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F74E7860442030001" box="[1245,1399,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. multicolor</emphasis>
(Graff, 1899))
</taxonomicName>
and other members of this genus. The Bayesian Inference (BI) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF8FFF9F7446866342060025" author="Carbayo F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas M. &amp; Olivares C. T. &amp; Marques F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M." box="[1148,1394,1373,1399]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carbayo" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="508 - 828" part="42" refId="ref9945" refString="Carbayo F., Alvarez-Presas M., Olivares C. T., Marques F. P. L., Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" title="Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F74D6866042560025" box="[1260,1314,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. S2B) analysis positioned the new species as a sister species of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F73DC86BF430700C8" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[998,1139,1408,1434]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="phocaica">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F73DC86BF430700C8" box="[998,1139,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. phocaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a high posterior probability, whereas the Maximum Likelihood (ML) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF8FFF9F736A869A433D00EC" author="Carbayo F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas M. &amp; Olivares C. T. &amp; Marques F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M." box="[848,1097,1444,1471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carbayo" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="508 - 828" part="42" refId="ref9945" refString="Carbayo F., Alvarez-Presas M., Olivares C. T., Marques F. P. L., Froehlich E. M. &amp; Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" title="Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F73FB869B448C00EC" box="[961,1016,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3) analysis shows a low support for this clade. The Maximum Parsimony (MP) analysis revealed this species as sister to a large group including members of several genera, none of them members of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F745F86D543CB0357" box="[1125,1215,1515,1541]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F745F86D543CB0357" box="[1125,1215,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paraba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, the molecular approach indicates that
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF8FFF9F7260852E45BB037B" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[602,719,1552,1577]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F7260852E45BB037B" box="[602,719,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Piima ata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF8FFF9F72ED85314440037B" box="[727,820,1551,1577]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not show a close relationship to any of the genera, nor do the morphological attributes support the membership of these species to any of the current genera. For this reason, a new genus is proposed for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF8FFF9F708785A6452D03B3" box="[189,601,1688,1762]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8FFF9F708785A6462203E0" blockId="18.[189,342,1688,1714]" box="[189,342,1688,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF8FFF9F708785A6462203E0" bold="true" box="[189,342,1688,1714]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF8FFF9F708785A6462203E0" bold="true" box="[189,342,1688,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF8FFF9F708785F9452D03B3" blockId="18.[189,601,1735,1762]" box="[189,601,1735,1762]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF8FFF9F71F885F6468103B0" box="[450,501,1736,1762]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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