809 lines
99 KiB
XML
809 lines
99 KiB
XML
<document id="BCE16DEA1879D11933ABD96E3F273DF9" ID-CLB-Dataset="276646" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00533.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fdee393a-0668-4e46-9807-91b0e351b4f3" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10114794" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630456506483" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Maxwell, Erin E." docDate="2009" docId="7F4D879C7579FF9FFAA4FAFDD793FD0A" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2009.00480.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (1)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00533.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Dromaius novaehollandiae" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="8374FFE47578FF98F909FFF1D66FFF8B" masterDocTitle="Comparative ossification and development of the skull in palaeognathous birds (Aves: Palaeognathae)" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1700040445798" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CC8FA1A0F598B0FBAA0017A44E095A15">Comparative ossification and development of the skull in palaeognathous birds (Aves: Palaeognathae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87D10B9DA915715BD31A845EDFE846B7">Maxwell, Erin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="006DD26A12992E666905141191588FB9">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7FD210C62CEBFF56C9B5B910D2F9488B">
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<mods:date id="901C73D4343F95E8AC12D8A9DC5C485B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="39E626FF7C268CB55B28831699B640B5">2009-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5FAFEB97EE7ECB9FD969BFD6C84AD56F">156</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AD462D6276D0BCE5D7A80251B0732F66">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9713F9324C72CDA85D27EFA16EEAEC4E" type="CLB-Dataset">276646</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2D488263300B6D7F87813F083ECFA7BF" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00533.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E7C19C99E0ABB75B6F588D6812EDF794" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7F4D879C7579FF9FFAA4FAFDD793FD0A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217238457" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F4D879C7579FF9FFAA4FAFDD793FD0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F4D879C7579FF9FFAA4FAFDD793FD0A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<subSubSection id="BFFE65017579FF99FAA4FAFDD5E5FACC" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F75B368A7579FF99FAA4FAFDD369FA94" blockId="1.[941,1286,1292,1313]" box="[941,1286,1292,1313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<heading id="AC1381E67579FF99FAA4FAFDD369FA94" box="[941,1286,1292,1313]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="30E44D097579FF99FAA4FAFDD369FA94" ID-CoL="37PLM" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[941,1286,1292,1313]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">
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<emphasis id="C590EA987579FF99FAA4FAFDD369FA94" box="[941,1286,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="C590EA987579FF99FAA4FAFDD24AFA94" box="[941,1061,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">DROMAIUS</emphasis>
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NOVAEHOLLANDIAE
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F75B368A7579FF99FA2FFAC3D5E5FACC" blockId="1.[806,1421,1330,1719]" box="[806,906,1330,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="C590EA987579FF99FA2FFAC3D5E5FACC" box="[806,906,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Stage 31</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFFE65017579FF9FFA2FFAA0D793FD0A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F75B368A7579FF99FA2FFAA0D34EF93C" blockId="1.[806,1421,1330,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">No ossification has occurred. The trabecula communis extends under the eyes, but not far rostral to them resulting in a very short prenasal process. The process is slightly flexed ventrally. Meckel’s cartilage is in articulation with the quadrate cartilage, but is short as the beak is only weakly developed. The quadrate cartilage itself is triradiate. The infrapolar process is small, and is located dorsal to the quadrate cartilage. The pars canaliculi of the auditory capsule are round in shape and fully chondrified. The ceratohyal and hypohyal are fused to form a curved element directly posterior to the quadrate cartilage.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F75B368A7579FF99FA2FF92ED5E5F97F" blockId="1.[806,1421,1759,1903]" box="[806,906,1759,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="C590EA987579FF99FA2FF92ED5E5F97F" box="[806,906,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Stage 32</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F75B368A7579FF99FA2FF90CD3E2F8E4" blockId="1.[806,1421,1759,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">There is no ossification present in the skull. The prenasal process exceeds Meckel’s cartilage in length, and remains triangular in lateral view. It remains slightly flexed ventrally. The parietotectal cartilage is</paragraph>
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<caption id="A39B6602757AFF9AF9ADFF37D408FF73" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" startId="2.[164,228,198,217]">
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<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AF9ADFF37D408FF73" blockId="2.[164,779,198,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AF9ADFF37D691FF52" bold="true" box="[164,254,198,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Table 1.</emphasis>
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Summary of elements ossified by stage in
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<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757AFF9AFBDCFF37D77CFF73" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AFBDCFF37D77CFF73" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Rhea americana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757AFF9AF845FF17D408FF73" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[332,615,229,248]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">Dromaius novaehollandiae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AF8E6FEEED724F9F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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<table id="85E4C42A757A0067F9ADFEEED565F9F8" box="[164,778,287,1651]" gridcols="3" gridrows="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFEEED565FEB9" box="[164,778,287,306]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
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<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FEEED565FEB9" box="[495,778,287,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757AFF9AF8E6FEEED565FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[495,778,287,306]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">
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<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AF8E6FEEED565FEB9" box="[495,778,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Dromaius novaehollandiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFECDD565FEC4" box="[164,778,316,335]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFECDD7B7FEC4" box="[164,472,316,335]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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Stage
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<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757AFF9AF9E2FECDD7F7FEC4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[235,408,316,335]" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AF9E2FECDD7F7FEC4" box="[235,408,316,335]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Rhea americana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FECDD565FEC4" box="[495,778,316,335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">(RM)</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFE87D565FE02" box="[164,778,374,393]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-1="1">
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||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFE87D6A6FE02" box="[164,201,374,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">31</th>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FE87D565FE02" box="[495,778,374,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">No ossification</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFE62D565FE2C" box="[164,778,403,423]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-1="1">
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||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFE62D6A6FE2C" box="[164,201,403,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">32</th>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FE62D565FE2C" box="[495,778,403,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">No ossification</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFE41D565FE4F" box="[164,778,432,452]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-1="1">
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<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFE41D6A6FE4F" box="[164,201,432,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">33</th>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FE41D565FE4F" box="[495,778,432,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">No ossification</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFE3FD565FE6A" box="[164,778,462,481]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFE3FD6A6FE6A" box="[164,201,462,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">34</th>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FE3FD7B7FE6A" box="[235,472,462,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 14</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FE3FD565FE6A" box="[495,778,462,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 22</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFE1AD565FE75" box="[164,778,491,510]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FE1AD565FE75" box="[495,778,491,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Squamosal*, palatine*,</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFDF9D565FD90" box="[164,778,520,539]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FDF9D565FD90" box="[495,778,520,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">pterygoid*, jugal*,</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFDD7D565FDB2" box="[164,778,550,569]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FDD7D565FDB2" box="[495,778,550,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">quadratojugal</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFDB2D565FDDD" box="[164,778,579,598]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FDB2D565FDDD" box="[495,778,579,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Dentary, supra-angular,</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFD91D565FDF8" box="[164,778,608,627]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FD91D565FDF8" box="[495,778,608,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">angular</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFD8CD565FD1A" box="[164,778,637,657]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
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<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFD8CD6A6FD1A" box="[164,201,637,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">35</th>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FD8CD7B7FD1A" box="[235,472,637,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 13–15</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FD8CD565FD1A" box="[495,778,637,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 21–23</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFD6AD565FD25" box="[164,778,667,686]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FD6AD7B7FD25" box="[235,472,667,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Squamosal, lacrimal,</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FD6AD565FD25" box="[495,778,667,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Squamosal*, palatine*,</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFD49D565FD40" box="[164,778,696,715]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FD49D7B7FD40" box="[235,472,696,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">premaxilla, maxilla,</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FD49D565FD40" box="[495,778,696,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">pterygoid*, premaxilla,</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFD24D565FD63" box="[164,778,725,744]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FD24D7B7FD63" box="[235,472,725,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">parasphenoid</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FD24D565FD63" box="[495,778,725,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">jugal*, parasphenoid</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFD03D565FC8D" box="[164,778,754,774]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FD03D7B7FC8D" box="[235,472,754,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">rostrum, palatine,</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FD03D565FC8D" box="[495,778,754,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">rostrum*, lacrimal*,</td>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFCE1D565FCA8" box="[164,778,784,803]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FCE1D7B7FCA8" box="[235,472,784,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">pterygoid, vomer,</td>
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<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FCE1D565FCA8" box="[495,778,784,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">vomer</td>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFCDCD565FCCB" box="[164,778,813,832]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FCDCD7B7FCCB" box="[235,472,813,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">jugal, quadratojugal</td>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFCBBD565FCD6" box="[164,778,842,861]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFCBBD565FCD6" box="[164,778,842,861]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Supra-angular,</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFC96D565FCF1" box="[164,778,871,890]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FC96D7B7FCF1" box="[235,472,871,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">angular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFC74D565FC13" box="[164,778,901,920]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFC74D6A6FC13" box="[164,201,901,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">36</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FC74D565FC13" box="[495,778,901,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 24–27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFC53D565FC3E" box="[164,778,930,949]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FC53D565FC3E" box="[495,778,930,949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Parasphenoid rostrum,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFC4ED565FC59" box="[164,778,959,978]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FC4ED565FC59" box="[495,778,959,978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">basisphenoid, lacrimal*,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFC2CD565FC7B" box="[164,778,989,1008]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FC2CD565FC7B" box="[495,778,989,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">maxilla, nasal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFC0BD565FB86" box="[164,778,1018,1037]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FC0BD565FB86" box="[495,778,1018,1037]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Splenial, prearticular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFBE6D565FBA0" box="[164,778,1047,1067]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFBE6D6A6FBA0" box="[164,201,1047,1067]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">37</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FBE6D7B7FBA0" box="[235,472,1047,1067]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 17</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FBE6D565FBA0" box="[495,778,1047,1067]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 28–29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFBC5D565FBCC" box="[164,778,1076,1095]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FBC5D7B7FBCC" box="[235,472,1076,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Nasal, parasphenoid</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FBC5D565FBCC" box="[495,778,1076,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Parasphenoid alae,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFBA3D565FBEE" box="[164,778,1106,1125]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FBA3D7B7FBEE" box="[235,472,1106,1125]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">lamina</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FBA3D565FBEE" box="[495,778,1106,1125]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">frontal, parietal,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFB9ED565FB09" box="[164,778,1135,1154]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FB9ED7B7FB09" box="[235,472,1135,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Dentary, splenial,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FB9ED565FB09" box="[495,778,1135,1154]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">quadrate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFB7DD565FB14" box="[164,778,1164,1183]" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FB7DD7B7FB14" box="[235,472,1164,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">prearticular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFB5BD565FB36" box="[164,778,1194,1213]" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFB5BD6A6FB36" box="[164,201,1194,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">38</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FB5BD7B7FB36" box="[235,472,1194,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 20</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FB5BD565FB36" box="[495,778,1194,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 30–33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFB36D565FB51" box="[164,778,1223,1242]" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FB36D7B7FB51" box="[235,472,1223,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Parietal, frontal,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FB36D565FB51" box="[495,778,1223,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Exoccipital, parasphenoid</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFB15D565FB7C" box="[164,778,1252,1271]" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FB15D7B7FB7C" box="[235,472,1252,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">quadrate</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FB15D565FB7C" box="[495,778,1252,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">lamina, laterosphenoid*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFAF0D565FA9F" box="[164,778,1281,1300]" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FAF0D7B7FA9F" box="[235,472,1281,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Ceratobranchial</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FAF0D565FA9F" box="[495,778,1281,1300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Ceratobranchial</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFAEFD565FAB9" box="[164,778,1310,1330]" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFAEFD6A6FAB9" box="[164,201,1310,1330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">39</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FAEFD565FAB9" box="[495,778,1310,1330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 34–35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFACDD565FAC4" box="[164,778,1340,1359]" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FACDD565FAC4" box="[495,778,1340,1359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Supraoccipital*,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFAA8D565FAE7" box="[164,778,1369,1388]" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FAA8D565FAE7" box="[495,778,1369,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">mesethmoid*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFA87D565FA01" box="[164,778,1398,1418]" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADFA87D6A6FA01" box="[164,201,1398,1418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">40+</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FA87D7B7FA01" box="[235,472,1398,1418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 22 – hatching</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FA87D565FA01" box="[495,778,1398,1418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Day 34 – hatching</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFA65D565FA2C" box="[164,778,1428,1447]" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FA65D7B7FA2C" box="[235,472,1428,1447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Basioccipital,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FA65D565FA2C" box="[495,778,1428,1447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Basioccipital,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFA40D565FA4F" box="[164,778,1457,1476]" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FA40D7B7FA4F" box="[235,472,1457,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">supraoccipital,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FA40D565FA4F" box="[495,778,1457,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">supraoccipital*, prootic,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFA3FD565FA6A" box="[164,778,1486,1505]" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FA3FD7B7FA6A" box="[235,472,1486,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">laterosphenoid,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FA3FD565FA6A" box="[495,778,1486,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">opisthotic, epiotic,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADFA1AD565FA75" box="[164,778,1515,1534]" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2FA1AD7B7FA75" box="[235,472,1515,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">prootic, opisthotic,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6FA1AD565FA75" box="[495,778,1515,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">laterosphenoid*,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADF9F8D565F997" box="[164,778,1545,1564]" gridrow="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2F9F8D565F997" box="[235,778,1545,1564]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">epiotic, parasphenoid mesethmoid*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADF9D7D565F9B2" box="[164,778,1574,1593]" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2F9D7D7B7F9B2" box="[235,472,1574,1593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">alae, basisphenoid,</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F8E6F9D7D565F9B2" box="[495,778,1574,1593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Articular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADF9B2D565F9DD" box="[164,778,1603,1622]" gridrow="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757A0067F9E2F9B2D7B7F9DD" box="[235,472,1603,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">mesethmoid</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757A0067F9ADF991D565F9F8" box="[164,778,1632,1651]" gridrow="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757A0067F9ADF991D565F9F8" box="[164,778,1632,1651]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Articular</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AF9ADF96AD7F2F925" blockId="2.[164,778,1691,1769]" box="[164,413,1691,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">RM, Redpath Museum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AF9ADF949D73CF962" blockId="2.[164,778,1691,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Asterisk denotes elements that ossify variably with respect to stage.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AF9ADF90CD313FE39" blockId="2.[164,779,1789,1903]" lastBlockId="2.[826,1441,198,434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">growing posteriorly over the nasal capsule, and is dorsoventrally flattened. The postorbital cartilage has formed behind the orbit. The pars canaliculi of the auditory capsule are dorsally elongated, becoming more ovoid than in the previous stage. Anteroventrally, they are in close contact with the quadrate cartilage. The columella is situated posterior to the quadrate cartilage. Meckel’s cartilage is considerably more elongate than in the previous stage, and has developed a retroarticular process. The basibranchial portion of the hyoid apparatus is approximately equal to the retroarticular cartilage in posterior extent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA33FE2BD5F1FE65" blockId="2.[826,1441,473,740]" box="[826,926,473,495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AFA33FE2BD5F1FE65" box="[826,926,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Stage 33</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA33FE09D334FD6F" blockId="2.[826,1441,473,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">The skull remains unossified. The prenasal process has straightened and forms a distinct angle with the posterior nasal septum, although outgrowth of the beak has been limited. Meckel’s cartilage remains considerably shorter than the prenasal process. The infrapolar process has increased in prominence. The foramen for the ophthalmic artery is oval, with its long axis parallel to the long axis of the skull.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA33FCFDD5F1FCAB" blockId="2.[826,1442,779,1321]" box="[826,926,779,801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AFA33FCFDD5F1FCAB" box="[826,926,779,801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Stage 34</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA33FCDBD249FBF9" blockId="2.[826,1442,779,1321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">The prenasal process is slightly more elongate than in the previous stage, but the greatest amount of growth has been in the lower jaw, which is now almost equal to the prenasal process in anterior extent. The two rami of Meckel’s cartilage share a broad contact. The area between the parietotectal cartilage and the prenasal process is not well chondrified. The external narial opening cuts a trough in the underlying trabecula, but does not form a discrete perforation in the nasal septum because of weak chondrification. The angular is ossifying.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA5AFB8AD3E0FAA2" blockId="2.[826,1442,779,1321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
Later in this stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FDF2A0F757AFF9AFD31FB8BD2E3FB1A" box="[1080,1164,1146,1169]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 1. Lateral view of the skull of palaeognath embryos. A–C, Dromaius novaehollandiae. A, stage 34 (day 22 of incubation, RM 8020); B, stage 38 (day 32 of incubation, RM 8030); C, stage 40+ (day 43 of incubation, RM 8039). D–E, Eudromia elegans. D, day 11 of incubation (YPM 112520); E, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112525). F–H, Struthio camelus. F, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112437); G, day 23 of incubation (YPM 112448); H, day 35 of incubation (YPM 112465). I–J, Rhea americana. I, stage 34 (day 14 of incubation, RM 72172); J, stage 40+ (day 26 of incubation, RM 7223). Grey shaded regions represent cartilage; black regions represent ossified tissue. The density of stippling reflects the relative degree of ossification. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: ac, auditory capsule; ang, angular; d, dentary; f, frontal; ip, infrapolar process; j, jugal; lac, lacrimal; m, Meckel’s cartilage; me, mesethmoid; met, metotic cartilage; mx, maxilla; mx (pn), nasal process of the maxilla; n, nasal; n (pm), maxillary process of the nasal; oo, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pao, planum antorbitale; pmx, premaxilla; pnp, prenasal process; poc, postorbital cartilage; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj; quadratojugal; sa, supra-angular; so, supraoccipital; soc, supraorbital cartilage; sq, squamosal." pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the squamosal ossifies around the quadrate articulation. The palatine, pterygoid, jugal, and quadratojugal are also ossifying. In the lower jaw, the dentary and supra-angular ossify. The ossification of the jugal is variable, as it is absent in some stage 35 individuals (RM 8021, RM 8053).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA33FAA0D5F1FAED" blockId="2.[826,1441,1361,1903]" box="[826,926,1361,1382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757AFF9AFA33FAA0D5F1FAED" box="[826,926,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Stage 35</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9AFA33FA9ED5C8F912" blockId="2.[826,1441,1361,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">The jugal process of the premaxilla is present. The angle between the prenasal process and the nasal capsule has decreased relative to stage 34. The base of the interorbital cartilage curves ventrally to a point just rostral to the external nares before it flattens out to form the prenasal process. The external narial opening is slit-like, with its long axis parallel to the prenasal process. The perforation in the underlying cartilage corresponding to the narial opening is complete.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757AFF9BFA5AF953D3E2FE9D" blockId="2.[826,1441,1361,1903]" lastBlockId="3.[144,1421,259,307]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
Later in this stage, the parasphenoid rostrum, palatal and frontal processes of the premaxilla, the vomer, and lacrimal are ossifying. The jugal and frontal processes of the premaxilla ossify from separate centres, as do the dorsal and ventral portions of the orbital process of the lacrimal. The dorsal ossification centre of the orbital process of the lacrimal
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757BFF9BFB07FEF2D3E2FE9D" box="[526,1421,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFB07FEF2D41AFE9E" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[526,629,259,277]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dromaius</taxonomicName>
|
||
novae-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFBFCFEF2D5AEFE9D" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[757,961,259,278]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">D. novaehollandiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFAFCFEF2D244FE9D" box="[1013,1067,259,278]" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhea</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFD91FEF2D29FFE9D" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1176,1264,259,278]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthio</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFC2AFEF2D3E2FE9D" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1832" box="[1315,1421,259,278]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Eudromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eudromia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A39B6602757BFF9BF999FF39D409FF50" box="[144,614,200,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" startId="3.[144,208,200,219]">
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FF39D409FF50" blockId="3.[144,614,200,219]" box="[144,614,200,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757BFF9BF999FF39D686FF50" bold="true" box="[144,233,200,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Rank order of element ossification
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FED1D31FFEB8" blockId="3.[144,1421,259,307]" box="[144,1392,288,307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Element
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757BFF9BFB07FED1D412FEB8" box="[526,637,288,307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">hollandiae</emphasis>
|
||
(RM) (YPM)
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757BFF9BFAFCFED0D31FFEB8" box="[1013,1392,288,307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFAFCFED0D20BFEB8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1013,1124,289,307]" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">americana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFD91FED1D282FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1176,1261,288,307]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">camelus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757BFF9BFC2AFED1D31FFEB8" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1832" box="[1315,1392,288,307]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Eudromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FEABD6A7FEE6" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,200,346,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Skull</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FE87D35FFDC6" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Basioccipital 14–21 8 8 14–15 5 Exoccipital 14 7 8 16 7 Supraoccipital 18 7 6 14 7 Parasphenoid rostrum 6 3 3 5 4 Parasphenoid ala 12 7 6 16 7 Parasphenoid lamina 14 4 4 16 4 Basisphenoid 10–12 4–7 6 8–10 4–6 Laterosphenoid 13–18 10 8 16 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FDA4D35FFD0E" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Prootic 25 19 8 17 7 Opisthotic 22 12 8 18 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FD7CD35FFD37" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Epiotic 21 13 8 18 8 Squamosal 3 2–4 2 4 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FD34D35FFD53" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1328,709,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Parietal 12 6 6 7 4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FD10D2DEFCC3" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Frontal 11 6 6 8 4 Lacrimal 6 4 2 6 4 Mesethmoid 18 8 8 14 7 Trabeculae 22–24 23</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FCA0D35FFC0B" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Nasal 8 3 4 6 3 Premaxilla 4 2 2 5 2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FC78D35FFC7B" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Maxilla 7 3 2 4 3 Palatine 3 3 2 5 3 Pterygoid 3 3 2 3–5 3–4 Vomer 5 3 2 6 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FC09D766FBD4" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Jugal 3–5 3 2 5 3 Quadratojugal 2 1–3 2 4 2 Quadrate 11 6 5 11 4 Ectethmoid</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FB98D35FFB1C" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Dentary 2 1 4 3 3 Supra-angular 2 1 2 4 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FB51D35FFB38" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1328,1184,1203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Angular 1 3 2 4 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FB4DD2DEFA8C" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Splenial 7 4 4 5 3 Prearticular 9 5 4 10 4–6 Articular 23 13–18 9 19</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FAE1D763FAA8" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,268,1296,1315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Mandibular</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FADDD766FAB4" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,265,1324,1343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Entoglossal</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FAB9D683FAD0" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,236,1352,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Basihyal</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FA95D68AFAFC" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,229,1380,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Urohyal</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FA71D777FA24" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Ceratobranchial 13 6 5 9–11 4 Epibranchial</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FA46D7CBFA41" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,420,1463,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Postcranial axial skeleton</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999FA22D2B8F9B1" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Cervical centra 15 7 5 13 7 Thoracic centra 15 7 4 11 4–6 Synsacral centra 16 7 7 11 4–6 Caudal centra 19–24 11–13 16–18</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F9B2D2DEF9DD" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1201,1603,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Pygostyle 27–29 21 20</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F9AED2DEF921" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Cervical neural arch 17 9 8 14 7 Thoracic neural arch 20 9–11 9 14 8 Synsacral transverse processes 27 15–16 10 19</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F942D2B8F94D" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1239,1715,1734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Caudal transverse processes 17 20–22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F93ED2DEF969" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1201,1743,1762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Synsacral arch 19–21 11 21</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F91AD35FF975" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1328,1771,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Cervical ribs 17 7 7 14 8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F8F6D35FF891" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1328,1799,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Dorsal ribs 3–7 4 5 7 4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F8D2D2B9F8BD" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1238,1827,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Sternal ribs 15 7 9 22–23</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757BFF9BF999F8CED260F8D9" blockId="3.[144,1353,346,1874]" box="[144,1039,1855,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Uncinate processes 11</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A39B6602757CFF9CF9ADFF37D71AFF52" box="[164,373,198,217]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" startId="4.[164,228,198,217]">
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757CFF9CF9ADFF37D71AFF52" blockId="4.[164,373,198,217]" box="[164,373,198,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CF9ADFF37D691FF52" bold="true" box="[164,254,198,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Continued
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757CFF9CFB2BFEF4D32BF96E" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<table id="85E4C42A757C0067F9ADFEF4D3CEF96D" box="[164,1441,261,1766]" gridcols="6" gridrows="53" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFEF4D3CEFE93" box="[164,1441,261,280]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFEF4D4BAFE93" box="[546,725,261,280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFB2BFEF4D4BAFE9C" box="[546,725,261,279]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFB2BFEF4D4E6FE9C" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[546,649,261,279]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dromaius</taxonomicName>
|
||
novae-
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FEF4D5B9FE93" box="[778,982,261,280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFA03FEF4D5B9FE93" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[778,982,261,280]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFA03FEF4D5B9FE93" box="[778,982,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">D. novaehollandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FEF4D216FE93" box="[1034,1145,261,280]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFD03FEF4D22FFE93" box="[1034,1088,261,280]" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFD03FEF4D22FFE93" box="[1034,1088,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Rhea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FEF4D36BFE93" box="[1196,1284,261,280]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFDA5FEF4D36BFE93" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1196,1284,261,280]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFDA5FEF4D36BFE93" box="[1196,1284,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Struthio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFEF4D3CEFE93" box="[1335,1441,261,280]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFC3EFEF4D3CEFE93" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1832" box="[1335,1441,261,280]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Eudromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFC3EFEF4D3CEFE93" box="[1335,1441,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Eudromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFED3D3CEFEBE" box="[164,1441,290,309]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFED3D7C3FEBE" box="[164,428,290,309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Element</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFED3D4BAFEBE" box="[546,725,290,309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFB2BFED3D4FEFEBE" box="[546,657,290,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">hollandiae</emphasis>
|
||
(RM)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FED3D5B9FEBE" box="[778,982,290,309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">(YPM)</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FED3D216FEBE" box="[1034,1145,290,309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFD03FED2D216FEBE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1034,1145,291,309]" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFD03FED2D216FEBE" box="[1034,1145,291,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FED3D36BFEBE" box="[1196,1284,290,309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFDA5FED3D36EFEBE" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1196,1281,290,309]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFDA5FED3D36EFEBE" box="[1196,1281,290,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">camelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFED3D3CEFEBE" box="[1335,1441,290,309]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757CFF9CFC3EFED3D3EBFEBE" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1832" box="[1335,1412,290,309]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Eudromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757CFF9CFC3EFED3D3EBFEBE" box="[1335,1412,290,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFEADD3CEFEE4" box="[164,1441,348,367]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFEADD7C3FEE4" box="[164,428,348,367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Sternum (body)</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFEADD4BAFEE4" box="[546,725,348,367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">25</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FEADD5B9FEE4" box="[778,982,348,367]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">15</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FEADD216FEE4" box="[1034,1145,348,367]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFE89D3CEFE00" box="[164,1441,376,395]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFE89D7C3FE00" box="[164,428,376,395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Laterocranial process</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FE89D216FE00" box="[1034,1145,376,395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6–11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFE65D3CEFE2C" box="[164,1441,404,423]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFE65D3CEFE2C" box="[164,1441,404,423]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Laterocaudal process</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFE41D3CEFE48" box="[164,1441,432,451]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFE41D3CEFE48" box="[164,1441,432,451]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Forelimb</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFE3DD3CEFE54" box="[164,1441,460,479]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFE3DD7C3FE54" box="[164,428,460,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Scapula</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFE3DD4BAFE54" box="[546,725,460,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FE3DD5B9FE54" box="[778,982,460,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FE3DD216FE54" box="[1034,1145,460,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FE3DD36BFE54" box="[1196,1284,460,479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFE3DD3CEFE54" box="[1335,1441,460,479]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFE19D3CEFE70" box="[164,1441,488,507]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFE19D7C3FE70" box="[164,428,488,507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Coracoid</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFE19D4BAFE70" box="[546,725,488,507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">15–18</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FE19D5B9FE70" box="[778,982,488,507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FE19D216FE70" box="[1034,1145,488,507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FE19D36BFE70" box="[1196,1284,488,507]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFE19D3CEFE70" box="[1335,1441,488,507]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFDF2D3CEFD9C" box="[164,1441,515,535]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFDF2D7C3FD9C" box="[164,428,515,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Furcula</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFDF2D4BAFD9C" box="[546,725,515,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FDF2D5B9FD9C" box="[778,982,515,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFDF2D3CEFD9C" box="[1335,1441,515,535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">3–4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFDD1D3CEFDB8" box="[164,1441,544,563]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFDD1D7C3FDB8" box="[164,428,544,563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Humerus</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFDD1D4BAFDB8" box="[546,725,544,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FDD1D5B9FDB8" box="[778,982,544,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FDD1D216FDB8" box="[1034,1145,544,563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FDD1D36BFDB8" box="[1196,1284,544,563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFDD1D3CEFDB8" box="[1335,1441,544,563]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFDCAD3CEFDC4" box="[164,1441,571,591]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFDCAD7C3FDC4" box="[164,428,571,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Radius</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFDCAD4BAFDC4" box="[546,725,571,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FDCAD5B9FDC4" box="[778,982,571,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1–3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FDCAD216FDC4" box="[1034,1145,571,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FDCAD36BFDC4" box="[1196,1284,571,591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFDCAD3CEFDC4" box="[1335,1441,571,591]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFDA6D3CEFDE0" box="[164,1441,599,619]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFDA6D7C3FDE0" box="[164,428,599,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Ulna</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFDA6D4BAFDE0" box="[546,725,599,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FDA6D5B9FDE0" box="[778,982,599,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1–3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FDA6D216FDE0" box="[1034,1145,599,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FDA6D36BFDE0" box="[1196,1284,599,619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFDA6D3CEFDE0" box="[1335,1441,599,619]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFD82D3CEFD0D" box="[164,1441,627,646]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFD82D7C3FD0D" box="[164,428,627,646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Radiale</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFD7ED3CEFD29" box="[164,1441,655,674]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFD7ED3CEFD29" box="[164,1441,655,674]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Ulnare</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFD5AD3CEFD34" box="[164,1441,683,703]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFD5AD7C3FD34" box="[164,428,683,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metacarpal II</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FD5AD36BFD34" box="[1196,1284,683,703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFD36D3CEFD51" box="[164,1441,711,730]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFD36D7C3FD51" box="[164,428,711,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FD36D216FD51" box="[1034,1145,711,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FD36D36BFD51" box="[1196,1284,711,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">12</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFD36D3CEFD51" box="[1335,1441,711,730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFD12D3CEFD7D" box="[164,1441,739,758]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFD12D7C3FD7D" box="[164,428,739,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 2</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FD12D216FD7D" box="[1034,1145,739,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FD12D36BFD7D" box="[1196,1284,739,758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">16–23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFD0ED3CEFC99" box="[164,1441,767,786]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFD0ED7C3FC99" box="[164,428,767,786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metacarpal III</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFD0ED4BAFC99" box="[546,725,767,786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4–7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FD0ED5B9FC99" box="[778,982,767,786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FD0ED216FC99" box="[1034,1145,767,786]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FD0ED36BFC99" box="[1196,1284,767,786]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFD0ED3CEFC99" box="[1335,1441,767,786]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFCEAD3CEFCA5" box="[164,1441,795,814]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFCEAD7C3FCA5" box="[164,428,795,814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFCEAD4BAFCA5" box="[546,725,795,814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21–29</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FCEAD5B9FCA5" box="[778,982,795,814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">12</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FCEAD216FCA5" box="[1034,1145,795,814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FCEAD36BFCA5" box="[1196,1284,795,814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">9–14</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFCEAD3CEFCA5" box="[1335,1441,795,814]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFCC6D3CEFCC1" box="[164,1441,823,842]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFCC6D7C3FCC1" box="[164,428,823,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 2</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FCC6D216FCC1" box="[1034,1145,823,842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">11</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FCC6D36BFCC1" box="[1196,1284,823,842]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">9–14</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFCC6D3CEFCC1" box="[1335,1441,823,842]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFCA2D3CEFCED" box="[164,1441,851,870]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFCA2D7C3FCED" box="[164,428,851,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 3</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFCA2D4BAFCED" box="[546,725,851,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">20–25</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FCA2D5B9FCED" box="[778,982,851,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">13</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FCA2D36BFCED" box="[1196,1284,851,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">20–23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFC9ED3CEFC09" box="[164,1441,879,898]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFC9ED7C3FC09" box="[164,428,879,898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metacarpal IV</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFC9ED4BAFC09" box="[546,725,879,898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">25–30</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FC9ED5B9FC09" box="[778,982,879,898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">11–24</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FC9ED216FC09" box="[1034,1145,879,898]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FC9ED36BFC09" box="[1196,1284,879,898]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFC9ED3CEFC09" box="[1335,1441,879,898]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFC7AD3CEFC15" box="[164,1441,907,926]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFC7AD7C3FC15" box="[164,428,907,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FC7AD216FC15" box="[1034,1145,907,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FC7AD36BFC15" box="[1196,1284,907,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFC56D3CEFC31" box="[164,1441,935,954]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFC56D7C3FC31" box="[164,428,935,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx II</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FC56D36BFC31" box="[1196,1284,935,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21–23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFC32D3CEFC5D" box="[164,1441,963,982]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFC32D3CEFC5D" box="[164,1441,963,982]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Hindlimb</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFC2ED3CEFC79" box="[164,1441,991,1010]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFC2ED7C3FC79" box="[164,428,991,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Ilium</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFC2ED4BAFC79" box="[546,725,991,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FC2ED5B9FC79" box="[778,982,991,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FC2ED216FC79" box="[1034,1145,991,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FC2ED36BFC79" box="[1196,1284,991,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">12</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFC2ED3CEFC79" box="[1335,1441,991,1010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFC0BD3CEFB85" box="[164,1441,1018,1038]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFC0BD7C3FB85" box="[164,428,1018,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Ischium</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFC0BD4BAFB85" box="[546,725,1018,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7–9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FC0BD5B9FB85" box="[778,982,1018,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FC0BD216FB85" box="[1034,1145,1018,1038]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FC0BD36BFB85" box="[1196,1284,1018,1038]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFC0BD3CEFB85" box="[1335,1441,1018,1038]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFBE7D3CEFBA1" box="[164,1441,1046,1066]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFBE7D7C3FBA1" box="[164,428,1046,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pubis</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFBE7D4BAFBA1" box="[546,725,1046,1066]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FBE7D5B9FBA1" box="[778,982,1046,1066]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FBE7D216FBA1" box="[1034,1145,1046,1066]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FBE7D36BFBA1" box="[1196,1284,1046,1066]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5–7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFBE7D3CEFBA1" box="[1335,1441,1046,1066]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFBC2D3CEFBCD" box="[164,1441,1075,1094]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFBC2D7C3FBCD" box="[164,428,1075,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Femur</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFBC2D4BAFBCD" box="[546,725,1075,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FBC2D5B9FBCD" box="[778,982,1075,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FBC2D216FBCD" box="[1034,1145,1075,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FBC2D36BFBCD" box="[1196,1284,1075,1094]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFBC2D3CEFBCD" box="[1335,1441,1075,1094]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFBBFD3CEFBEA" box="[164,1441,1102,1121]" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFBBFD7C3FBEA" box="[164,428,1102,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Tibia</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFBBFD4BAFBEA" box="[546,725,1102,1121]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FBBFD5B9FBEA" box="[778,982,1102,1121]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FBBFD216FBEA" box="[1034,1145,1102,1121]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FBBFD36BFBEA" box="[1196,1284,1102,1121]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFBBFD3CEFBEA" box="[1335,1441,1102,1121]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFB9BD3CEFBF6" box="[164,1441,1130,1149]" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFB9BD7C3FBF6" box="[164,428,1130,1149]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fibula</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFB9BD4BAFBF6" box="[546,725,1130,1149]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FB9BD5B9FBF6" box="[778,982,1130,1149]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FB9BD216FBF6" box="[1034,1145,1130,1149]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FB9BD36BFBF6" box="[1196,1284,1130,1149]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFB9BD3CEFBF6" box="[1335,1441,1130,1149]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFB77D3CEFB12" box="[164,1441,1158,1177]" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFB77D7C3FB12" box="[164,428,1158,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Patella</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FB77D5B9FB12" box="[778,982,1158,1177]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFB53D3CEFB3D" box="[164,1441,1186,1206]" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFB53D7C3FB3D" box="[164,428,1186,1206]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Ascending process of the</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFB53D4BAFB3D" box="[546,725,1186,1206]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FB53D5B9FB3D" box="[778,982,1186,1206]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FB53D216FB3D" box="[1034,1145,1186,1206]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FB53D36BFB3D" box="[1196,1284,1186,1206]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">13</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFB53D3CEFB3D" box="[1335,1441,1186,1206]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFB4ED3CEFB59" box="[164,1441,1215,1234]" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFB4ED3CEFB59" box="[164,1441,1215,1234]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">astragalus</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFB2AD3CEFB65" box="[164,1441,1243,1262]" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFB2AD7C3FB65" box="[164,428,1243,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Distal tarsals</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFB2AD4BAFB65" box="[546,725,1243,1262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">28</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FB2AD5B9FB65" box="[778,982,1243,1262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">16</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FB2AD216FB65" box="[1034,1145,1243,1262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFB06D3CEFA80" box="[164,1441,1271,1291]" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFB06D7C3FA80" box="[164,428,1271,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metatarsal I</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFAE2D3CEFAAD" box="[164,1441,1299,1318]" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFAE2D7C3FAAD" box="[164,428,1299,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFADED3CEFAC9" box="[164,1441,1327,1346]" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFADED3CEFAC9" box="[164,1441,1327,1346]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFABAD3CEFAD4" box="[164,1441,1355,1375]" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFABAD7C3FAD4" box="[164,428,1355,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metatarsal II</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFABAD4BAFAD4" box="[546,725,1355,1375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FABAD5B9FAD4" box="[778,982,1355,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FABAD216FAD4" box="[1034,1145,1355,1375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FABAD36BFAD4" box="[1196,1284,1355,1375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFABAD3CEFAD4" box="[1335,1441,1355,1375]" gridcol="5" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFA96D3CEFAF1" box="[164,1441,1383,1402]" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFA96D7C3FAF1" box="[164,428,1383,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFA96D4BAFAF1" box="[546,725,1383,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FA96D5B9FAF1" box="[778,982,1383,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FA96D216FAF1" box="[1034,1145,1383,1402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFA96D3CEFAF1" box="[1335,1441,1383,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFA72D3CEFA1D" box="[164,1441,1411,1430]" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFA72D7C3FA1D" box="[164,428,1411,1430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 2</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FA72D5B9FA1D" box="[778,982,1411,1430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">18</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FA72D216FA1D" box="[1034,1145,1411,1430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFA72D3CEFA1D" box="[1335,1441,1411,1430]" gridcol="5" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFA6ED3CEFA39" box="[164,1441,1439,1458]" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFA6ED7C3FA39" box="[164,428,1439,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 3</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFA6ED4BAFA39" box="[546,725,1439,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FA6ED5B9FA39" box="[778,982,1439,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FA6ED216FA39" box="[1034,1145,1439,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFA6ED3CEFA39" box="[1335,1441,1439,1458]" gridcol="5" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFA4AD3CEFA45" box="[164,1441,1467,1486]" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFA4AD7C3FA45" box="[164,428,1467,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metatarsal III</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFA4AD4BAFA45" box="[546,725,1467,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FA4AD5B9FA45" box="[778,982,1467,1486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FA4AD216FA45" box="[1034,1145,1467,1486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FA4AD36BFA45" box="[1196,1284,1467,1486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFA4AD3CEFA45" box="[1335,1441,1467,1486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFA26D3CEFA61" box="[164,1441,1495,1514]" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFA26D7C3FA61" box="[164,428,1495,1514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFA26D4BAFA61" box="[546,725,1495,1514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FA26D5B9FA61" box="[778,982,1495,1514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FA26D216FA61" box="[1034,1145,1495,1514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FA26D36BFA61" box="[1196,1284,1495,1514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFA26D3CEFA61" box="[1335,1441,1495,1514]" gridcol="5" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADFA02D3CEF98D" box="[164,1441,1523,1542]" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADFA02D7C3F98D" box="[164,428,1523,1542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 2</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BFA02D4BAF98D" box="[546,725,1523,1542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">8–13</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03FA02D5B9F98D" box="[778,982,1523,1542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03FA02D216F98D" box="[1034,1145,1523,1542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5FA02D36BF98D" box="[1196,1284,1523,1542]" gridcol="4" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EFA02D3CEF98D" box="[1335,1441,1523,1542]" gridcol="5" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF9FED3CEF9A9" box="[164,1441,1551,1570]" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF9FED7C3F9A9" box="[164,428,1551,1570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 3</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BF9FED4BAF9A9" box="[546,725,1551,1570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">25</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F9FED5B9F9A9" box="[778,982,1551,1570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">13–18</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F9FED216F9A9" box="[1034,1145,1551,1570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F9FED36BF9A9" box="[1196,1284,1551,1570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF9FED3CEF9A9" box="[1335,1441,1551,1570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF9DAD3CEF9B5" box="[164,1441,1579,1598]" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF9DAD7C3F9B5" box="[164,428,1579,1598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 4</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BF9DAD4BAF9B5" box="[546,725,1579,1598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F9DAD5B9F9B5" box="[778,982,1579,1598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F9DAD216F9B5" box="[1034,1145,1579,1598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F9DAD36BF9B5" box="[1196,1284,1579,1598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">11</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF9DAD3CEF9B5" box="[1335,1441,1579,1598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF9B6D3CEF9D1" box="[164,1441,1607,1626]" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF9B6D7C3F9D1" box="[164,428,1607,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Metatarsal IV</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BF9B6D4BAF9D1" box="[546,725,1607,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F9B6D5B9F9D1" box="[778,982,1607,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F9B6D216F9D1" box="[1034,1145,1607,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F9B6D36BF9D1" box="[1196,1284,1607,1626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF9B6D3CEF9D1" box="[1335,1441,1607,1626]" gridcol="5" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF993D3CEF9FD" box="[164,1441,1634,1654]" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF993D7C3F9FD" box="[164,428,1634,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BF993D4BAF9FD" box="[546,725,1634,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F993D5B9F9FD" box="[778,982,1634,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F993D216F9FD" box="[1034,1145,1634,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F993D36BF9FD" box="[1196,1284,1634,1654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF993D3CEF9FD" box="[1335,1441,1634,1654]" gridcol="5" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF98FD3CEF919" box="[164,1441,1662,1682]" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF98FD7C3F919" box="[164,428,1662,1682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 2</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BF98FD4BAF919" box="[546,725,1662,1682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">26–29</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F98FD5B9F919" box="[778,982,1662,1682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">15–18</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F98FD216F919" box="[1034,1145,1662,1682]" gridcol="3" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F98FD36BF919" box="[1196,1284,1662,1682]" gridcol="4" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">16</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF98FD3CEF919" box="[1335,1441,1662,1682]" gridcol="5" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF96BD3CEF926" box="[164,1441,1690,1709]" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF96BD7C3F926" box="[164,428,1690,1709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 3</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F96BD5B9F926" box="[778,982,1690,1709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">20</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F96BD216F926" box="[1034,1145,1690,1709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F96BD36BF926" box="[1196,1284,1690,1709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">19</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF96BD3CEF926" box="[1335,1441,1690,1709]" gridcol="5" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF947D3CEF942" box="[164,1441,1718,1737]" gridrow="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF947D7C3F942" box="[164,428,1718,1737]" gridcol="0" gridrow="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 4</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F947D5B9F942" box="[778,982,1718,1737]" gridcol="2" gridrow="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">20–22</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F947D216F942" box="[1034,1145,1718,1737]" gridcol="3" gridrow="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">11</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F947D36BF942" box="[1196,1284,1718,1737]" gridcol="4" gridrow="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF947D3CEF942" box="[1335,1441,1718,1737]" gridcol="5" gridrow="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49D434C8757C0067F9ADF923D3CEF96D" box="[164,1441,1746,1766]" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<th id="0A055DB4757C0067F9ADF923D7C3F96D" box="[164,428,1746,1766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Phalanx 5</th>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FB2BF923D4BAF96D" box="[546,725,1746,1766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FA03F923D5B9F96D" box="[778,982,1746,1766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FD03F923D216F96D" box="[1034,1145,1746,1766]" gridcol="3" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FDA5F923D36BF96D" box="[1196,1284,1746,1766]" gridcol="4" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">16–23</td>
|
||
<td id="0A055DB4757C0067FC3EF923D3CEF96D" box="[1335,1441,1746,1766]" gridcol="5" gridrow="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757CFF9CF9ADF8FCD4C4F8AB" blockId="4.[164,1441,1805,1883]" box="[164,683,1805,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">RM, Redpath Museum; YPM, Peabody Museum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757CFF9CF9ADF8DBD569F8D1" blockId="4.[164,1441,1805,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">If an element is unnumbered, it was unossified in all specimens examined. If two numbers are given, these represent the range of ranks over which a variable element can ossify.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999FF37D714FEBC" blockId="5.[144,759,198,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">forms slightly before the ventral centre. The orbital process forms in contact with a cartilaginous lateral extension of the ectethmoid. The vomer is ossifying from paired centres.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF9A1FEB1D77EFE39" blockId="5.[144,759,198,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">The lacrimal, parasphenoid rostrum, and frontal process of the premaxilla ossify variably, as they are occasionally unossified in early stage 36 individuals (RM 8022).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999FE09D69BFD86" blockId="5.[144,759,504,1168]" box="[144,244,504,525]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DF999FE09D69BFD86" box="[144,244,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Stage 36</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999FDE7D6BEFB9E" blockId="5.[144,759,504,1168]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">The beak has outgrown to the point where the angle between the cartilaginous prenasal process and the nasal septum has been eliminated. The splenial is ossifying along the medial margin of the lower jaw. The jugal and palatal processes of the maxilla are ossifying. The jugal and frontal processes of the premaxilla retain separate ossification centres. This is followed by the ossification of the nasal from a single centre lying along the roof of the nasal capsule. The prearticular ossifies along the posterior medial margin of the lower jaw. The squamosal is long and thin, forming a spur paralleling the otic process of the quadrate cartilage and also forming an arch around the external auditory meatus. The dentary is ossifying from multiple centres along the anterior portion of the lower jaw. The hyoid apparatus remains short and stout.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF9A1FBEED77DFB1B" blockId="5.[144,759,504,1168]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Late in this stage, the basisphenoid ossifies. The two ossification centres of the lacrimal remain unfused, as do the two ossification centres of the premaxilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999FB26D70EFB60" blockId="5.[144,759,1238,1505]" box="[144,353,1238,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DF999FB26D70EFB60" box="[144,353,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Stage 37 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FDF2A0F757DFF9DF80EFB27D735FB60" box="[263,346,1238,1259]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[826,905,198,217]" captionTargetBox="[173,773,195,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-315@8.[168,776,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Palatal view of selected palaeognath embryos. A, B, Struthio camelus (modified from Parker, 1866). C, Rhea americana, stage 37 (day 17 of incubation, RM 7219). D, Rhea americana (modified from Müller, 1963). E, Dromaius novaehollandiae, stage 37 (day 28 of incubation, RM 8026). F, Eudromia elegans, day 14 of incubation (YPM 112524). Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; exo, exoccipital; mx, maxilla; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; psl, parasphenoid lamina; psr, parasphenoid rostrum; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; v, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132793/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999FB04D765FA6A" blockId="5.[144,759,1238,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">The frontal is ossifying along the dorsal margin of the orbit. The body of the quadrate is ossified. The ossification centres of the lacrimal have fused, as have the premaxillary ossification centres. Later in this stage, the parietal and the parasphenoid alae ossify. The parasphenoid alae form a plate of bone ventral to the postorbital cartilage; this cartilage remains unossified.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999F9D6D70DF9B7" blockId="5.[144,759,1575,1903]" box="[144,354,1575,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DF999F9D6D70DF9B7" box="[144,354,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Stage 38 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FDF2A0F757DFF9DF80EF9D6D737F9B7" box="[263,344,1575,1596]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 1. Lateral view of the skull of palaeognath embryos. A–C, Dromaius novaehollandiae. A, stage 34 (day 22 of incubation, RM 8020); B, stage 38 (day 32 of incubation, RM 8030); C, stage 40+ (day 43 of incubation, RM 8039). D–E, Eudromia elegans. D, day 11 of incubation (YPM 112520); E, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112525). F–H, Struthio camelus. F, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112437); G, day 23 of incubation (YPM 112448); H, day 35 of incubation (YPM 112465). I–J, Rhea americana. I, stage 34 (day 14 of incubation, RM 72172); J, stage 40+ (day 26 of incubation, RM 7223). Grey shaded regions represent cartilage; black regions represent ossified tissue. The density of stippling reflects the relative degree of ossification. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: ac, auditory capsule; ang, angular; d, dentary; f, frontal; ip, infrapolar process; j, jugal; lac, lacrimal; m, Meckel’s cartilage; me, mesethmoid; met, metotic cartilage; mx, maxilla; mx (pn), nasal process of the maxilla; n, nasal; n (pm), maxillary process of the nasal; oo, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pao, planum antorbitale; pmx, premaxilla; pnp, prenasal process; poc, postorbital cartilage; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj; quadratojugal; sa, supra-angular; so, supraoccipital; soc, supraorbital cartilage; sq, squamosal." pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DF999F9B4D7A4F8E4" blockId="5.[144,759,1575,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">The premaxilla has completely surrounded the cartilaginous prenasal process. The frontal has expanded its ossified area ventrally into the orbit. The ceratobranchials are ossifying. The laterosphenoid is also ossifying from its ventrolateral corner. This is followed by the ossification of the exoccipitals and parasphenoid lamina. The parasphenoid lamina ossifies from right and left paired ossification centres located posterior to the parasphenoid rostrum and basisphenoid. Otoliths are calcified.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA36FF37D26BFE92" blockId="5.[806,1421,198,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">The laterosphenoid is variable in its timing of ossification, as it is cartilaginous in some stage 40+ individuals (RM 8047).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA2FFEB0D5E5FEDE" blockId="5.[806,1422,320,924]" box="[806,906,320,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DFA2FFEB0D5E5FEDE" box="[806,906,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Stage 39</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA2FFEAED231FCCB" blockId="5.[806,1422,320,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
The lacrimal has a large foramen on the anterior surface of the descending process. The supraoccipital is ossifying from a single centre; this appears to be variable as two centres on either side of the cranial midline were observed in some individuals. The laterosphenoid is ossified along its entire ventral edge. The mesethmoid is ossifying from two centres – one on the anteroventral edge of the interorbital septum, the second located in the lamina dorsalis representing the ossification of the parietotectal cartilage. The lamina dorsalis has extensive dorsal exposure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757DFF9DFC7AFD60D58FFD4F" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DFC7AFD60D58FFD4F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">D. novaehollandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first as cartilage and later as bone. It is bordered rostrally by the frontal process of the premaxilla (which does not contact the frontal), laterally by the nasals and frontals and in later stages, posteriorly by the frontals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA36FCB9D282FC17" blockId="5.[806,1422,320,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">The supraoccipital and mesethmoid are variable in their timing of ossification, remaining unossified in some stage 40+ individuals (RM 8047).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA2FFC32D5F6FC53" blockId="5.[806,1421,963,1321]" box="[806,921,963,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DFA2FFC32D5F6FC53" box="[806,921,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Stage 40+</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA2FFC13D5E6FAA2" blockId="5.[806,1421,963,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DFA2FFC13D5E9FC7D" box="[806,902,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Day 36:</emphasis>
|
||
The basioccipital is ossifying as a single linear ossification centre on the cranial midline. The ossified area of the laterosphenoid has expanded to include the entire lateral edge. The epiotic is beginning to ossify from the medial margin of the supraoccipital. It does not yet have lateral exposure. The ossified portion of the parietal has expanded to reach the posterior wall of the orbit. There is an extra medial ossification centre of the parasphenoid lamina, located between the two principal wings of that element.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA2FFAA0D503F97F" blockId="5.[806,1421,1360,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DFA2FFAA0D5EDFAED" box="[806,898,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Day 38:</emphasis>
|
||
The basioccipital is elongate and diamondshaped, broadening posteriorly. The laterosphenoid is entirely ossified. The opisthotic ossifies separately from the exoccipital, and is exposed along the lateral wall of the braincase. The ossified portion of the lamina dorsalis of the mesethmoid contacts the frontals posteriorly, but is not overlapped by any elements. The interorbital septum is ossified over the anterior third of the element. The articular is ossified, beginning from the centre of the jaw joint. There also appears to be some bony ossicles in the jaw joint that are separate from the articular, and may represent sesamoid elements termed ossicula articularia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93754B7B757DFF9DFC41F931D50FF97F" author="Jollie MT" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="389 - 436" refId="ref10090" refString="Jollie MT. 1957. The head skeleton of the chicken and remarks on the anatomy of this region in other birds. Journal of Morphology 100: 389 - 436." type="journal article" year="1957">Jollie, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757DFF9DFA2FF8EDD5D6F8E5" blockId="5.[806,1421,1819,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757DFF9DFA2FF8EDD586F8BA" box="[806,1001,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Day 43 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FDF2A0F757DFF9DFA81F8EDD5B5F8BA" box="[904,986,1820,1841]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 1. Lateral view of the skull of palaeognath embryos. A–C, Dromaius novaehollandiae. A, stage 34 (day 22 of incubation, RM 8020); B, stage 38 (day 32 of incubation, RM 8030); C, stage 40+ (day 43 of incubation, RM 8039). D–E, Eudromia elegans. D, day 11 of incubation (YPM 112520); E, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112525). F–H, Struthio camelus. F, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112437); G, day 23 of incubation (YPM 112448); H, day 35 of incubation (YPM 112465). I–J, Rhea americana. I, stage 34 (day 14 of incubation, RM 72172); J, stage 40+ (day 26 of incubation, RM 7223). Grey shaded regions represent cartilage; black regions represent ossified tissue. The density of stippling reflects the relative degree of ossification. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: ac, auditory capsule; ang, angular; d, dentary; f, frontal; ip, infrapolar process; j, jugal; lac, lacrimal; m, Meckel’s cartilage; me, mesethmoid; met, metotic cartilage; mx, maxilla; mx (pn), nasal process of the maxilla; n, nasal; n (pm), maxillary process of the nasal; oo, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pao, planum antorbitale; pmx, premaxilla; pnp, prenasal process; poc, postorbital cartilage; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj; quadratojugal; sa, supra-angular; so, supraoccipital; soc, supraorbital cartilage; sq, squamosal." pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The opisthotic contacts the squamosal, forming the posterior border of the external auditory meatus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A39B6602757FFF9FF999FF37D2E9FE75" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" startId="7.[144,223,198,217]">
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757FFF9FF999FF37D2E9FE75" blockId="7.[144,1421,198,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FF999FF37D697FF52" bold="true" box="[144,248,198,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the skull of palaeognath embryos. A–C,
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FFA65FF36D2FFFF52" box="[876,1168,198,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757FFF9FFA65FF36D2E2FF52" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[876,1165,198,217]" class="Aves" family="Dromaiidae" genus="Dromaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Casuariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">Dromaius novaehollandiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, stage 34 (day 22 of incubation, RM 8020); B, stage 38 (day 32 of incubation, RM 8030); C, stage 40+ (day 43 of incubation, RM 8039). D–E,
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FF999FEF0D73AFE9F" box="[144,341,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757FFF9FF999FEF0D73EFE9F" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1832" box="[144,337,257,276]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Eudromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">Eudromia elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
D, day 11 of incubation (YPM 112520); E, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112525). F–H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757FFF9FFDDAFEF0D3E8FE9F" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1235,1415,257,276]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FFDDAFEF0D3E8FE9F" box="[1235,1415,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Struthio camelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F, day 15 of incubation (YPM 112437); G, day 23 of incubation (YPM 112448); H, day 35 of incubation (YPM 112465). I–J,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E44D09757FFF9FF999FECAD754FEC5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[144,315,315,334]" class="Aves" family="Rheidae" genus="Rhea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rheiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FF999FECAD754FEC5" box="[144,315,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Rhea americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I, stage 34 (day 14 of incubation, RM 72172); J, stage 40+ (day 26 of incubation, RM 7223). Grey shaded regions represent cartilage; black regions represent ossified tissue. The density of stippling reflects the relative degree of ossification. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: ac, auditory capsule; ang, angular; d, dentary; f, frontal; ip, infrapolar process; j, jugal; lac, lacrimal; m, Meckel’s cartilage; me, mesethmoid; met, metotic cartilage; mx, maxilla; mx (pn), nasal process of the maxilla; n, nasal; n (pm), maxillary process of the nasal; oo, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pao, planum antorbitale; pmx, premaxilla; pnp, prenasal process; poc, postorbital cartilage; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj; quadratojugal; sa, supra-angular; so, supraoccipital; soc, supraorbital cartilage; sq, squamosal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757FFF9FF999FDF7D6CCFD9D" blockId="7.[144,1421,198,534]" box="[144,163,518,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FF999FDF7D6CCFD9D" box="[144,163,518,534]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">·</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F75B368A757FFF9FF999FDBCD793FD0A" blockId="7.[144,759,588,641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="C590EA98757FFF9FF999FDBCD687FDEA" box="[144,232,588,610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Day 45:</emphasis>
|
||
The prootic ossifies medial to the squamosal. It is not visible in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |