451 lines
52 KiB
XML
451 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="89DD4A8C323C32A415C62668D43EBEAA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181987" ID-GBIF-Dataset="881d2e23-0aa0-436c-9703-42b94facf098" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181987" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459847325401" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gershwin, Lisa-Ann & Zeidler, Wolfgang" docDate="2008" docId="73233F12FF9953779E8D2536FDBFFC43" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01764p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1764" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Netrostoma nuda Gershwin & Zeidler, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="8F1A476AFF9C537E9E1A260BFF92FF91" masterDocTitle="Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian waters" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698224948812" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="208B5A1B099C21E05967CD986C96A4EE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="322D640257C4D38BD3FEAC80826F1994">
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<mods:title id="0D8351C6BF7BB3B0F1084C3A59C53D29">Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F11437B67A1F31289738A61C10C40FE9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3A2B7F18FB33642E1D7125A0AFEE8D61">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8EFA85DF47BF625BA3B66D96668045AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7445BEE91F8990B453D685424302A568">Gershwin, Lisa-Ann</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A652969484A0F8D74552DC511112E1DF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EE4E47C390DB68B8F534C0DB5CB4249F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="76787D991439EE82DFD356E49AA9C07A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart id="D0AC168A2A471490CFBCDD0B1CA4EFDA">Zeidler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FC299D88D0001B89E2400E5DC75ADAAE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="B8B1166786C5531A1756BD7C77BF6869" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5E518AC33C5F9BDA7FD45989A3F9B0EC">
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||
<mods:title id="42795CFE03340F47C237E98D0BD0B541">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part id="6C32C726A116C4FFBB752F403BA6677F">
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||
<mods:date id="FA9513DB9E59AE88768A0E7D3C46EF4E">2008</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail id="29D70F7A4A1A8D6192CE0AB3090B86CE" type="volume">
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||
<mods:number id="5489E8301BDA19237630A8214D3041E8">1764</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="A7E033B5F5E485EE55F4C2C178519043" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="832419D20F20BD6B358E791571675069">41</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A39FB2F5B634C71F78A51D4E0EC8D8D4">52</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="4FA68274B3390ED78A76BB7700F671EC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AC909441C84772676A11279E0D475A33" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181987</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4CC12E31B4AA4207A02133264CAE9428" type="GBIF-Dataset">881d2e23-0aa0-436c-9703-42b94facf098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC1935162984A90540479CB7A2366B9B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="02655E53522F46A11D398A81C3EED679" type="Zenodo-Dep">181987</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="73233F12FF9953779E8D2536FDBFFC43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236094" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361819" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73233F12FF9953779E8D2536FDBFFC43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73233F12FF9953779E8D2536FDBFFC43" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF99537B9E8D2536FEB0FCEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9E8D2536FE46FCC6" blockId="5.[151,468,829,890]" box="[151,468,829,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<heading id="A07D3968FF99537B9E8D2536FE46FCC6" bold="true" box="[151,468,829,855]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9E8D2536FE46FCC6" bold="true" box="[151,468,829,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9E8D2536FEFAFCC6" ID-CoL="479NW" box="[151,360,829,855]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9E8D2536FEFAFCC6" bold="true" box="[151,360,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Netrostoma nuda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2CDEF6DFF99537B9F6D2536FE46FCC6" box="[375,468,829,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9E8D256BFEB0FCEB" blockId="5.[151,468,829,890]" box="[151,290,864,890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF99537B9E8D256BFE95FCEB" box="[151,263,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[205,1393,182,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[205,1394,182,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Netrostoma nuda, sp. nov., holotype. A, Exumbrellar view; note large central knob and lack of papillae. B, Subumbrellar view; note presence of thick appendages on oral plate, but lack of appendages between the mouths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181989/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="63B19281FF99537B9F09256BFEB0FCEB" box="[275,290,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[235,1352,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Netrostoma nuda, sp. nov. A, Paratype specimen MTQ G 55271. B, Holotype, in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181990/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF99537B9E8D25BBFDA5FBB6" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9E8D25BBFC1FFC76" blockId="5.[151,1436,944,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DB9AA92AFF99537B9E8D25BBFC1FFC76" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9E8D25BBFE34FC56" ID-CoL="6RYKF" box="[151,422,944,967]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9E8D25BBFE34FC56" box="[151,422,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Netrostoma coerulescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. -?
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF99537B9FC925BBFD07FC56" author="Stiasny" box="[467,661,944,967]" page="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" year="1931">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF99537B9FC925BBFDF8FC56" author="Stiasny" box="[467,618,944,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1931) Uber einige coelenterata von Australien. Zoologische Mededelingen, 14, 27 - 42." type="journal article" year="1931">Stiasny, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 36
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Wilson Islet, Capricorn Group, QLD. -?
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF99537B9A7E25BBFAA1FC56" author="Stiasny" box="[1124,1331,944,967]" page="251" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF99537B9A7E25BBFB6EFC56" author="Stiasny" box="[1124,1276,944,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" refString="Stiasny, G. (1926) Alte und neue Scyphomedusen von Australien. Zoologische Mededelingen, 9, 249 - 257." type="journal article" year="1926">Stiasny, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 251
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Funafuti Island north of
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<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF99537B9F7025DBFE42FC76" box="[362,464,976,999]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. -
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF99537B9FF325DBFD3CFC76" author="Kramp" box="[489,686,976,999]" page="265" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF99537B9FF325DBFDEBFC76" author="Kramp" box="[489,633,976,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1965) Some medusae (mainly scyphomedusae) from Australian coastal waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 89, 257 - 278, pl. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1965">Kramp, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 265
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Tongue Reef, QLD.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9E8D25FBFDA5FBB6" blockId="5.[151,1436,944,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DB9AA92AFF99537B9E8D25FBFDA5FBB6" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9E8D25FBFEB2FB96" box="[151,288,1008,1031]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9EBB25FBFEB2FB96" ID-CoL="84MT3" box="[161,288,1008,1031]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Netrostoma</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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sp. -
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF99537B9F4125FBFD3FFB96" author="Laboute" box="[347,685,1008,1031]" page="74" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF99537B9F4125FBFD17FB96" author="Laboute" box="[347,645,1008,1031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" refString="Laboute, P. & Magnier, Y. (1979) Underwater Guide to New Caledonia. Papeete, Tahiti: Les Editions du Pacifique." type="book" year="1979">Laboute and Magnier, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 74
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 29 (caption confused with fig. 26),
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<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF99537B9A4125FBFA96FB96" box="[1115,1284,1008,1031]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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. “Sugar Bowl Jelly” -
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF99537B9F66221BFDA1FBB6" author="Brown" box="[380,563,1040,1063]" page="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF99537B9F66221BFD99FBB6" author="Brown" box="[380,523,1040,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" refString="Brown, T. W. (1973) Chironex fleckeri - Distribution and movements around Magnetic Island, North Queensland. Colton, California: World Life Research Institute." type="book" year="1973">Brown, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF99537B9E8D2253FC0BF933" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9E8D2253FEB4FB0B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1112,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9E8D2253FE91FBE0" box="[151,259,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="243130A6FF99537B9E8D2253FE91FBE0" box="[151,259,1112,1137]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: QM G325000, Palm Cove, Cairns, QLD, coll. L. Gershwin,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9DF72253FB25FBE3" box="[1005,1207,1112,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="2005-02-01">1 February 2005</date>
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; ca.
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<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9AEA2253FAA2FBE3" box="[1264,1328,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="15.0">15cm</quantity>
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absolute BD, female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9EDF22A3FAA8F9EB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1112,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9EDF22A3FEA9FB50" box="[197,315,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF99537B9EDF22A3FEA9FB50" box="[197,315,1192,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: MTQ G55271, no data, from James Cook University Teaching Collection; ca.
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<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9B1322A3FAF3FB53" box="[1289,1377,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="118.0">118mm</quantity>
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BD. MTQ G55272 (JHB J916), Bathurst Head, Princess Charlotte Bay, York Peninsula, QLD, coll. H.W. Cummings,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9EEA22F3FE4AFA83" box="[240,472,1272,1298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="1961-12-22">22 December 1961</date>
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||
; ca.
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<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9C0822F3FDF9FA83" box="[530,619,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="132.0">132mm</quantity>
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BD, with 2 small associated fish. MTQ G55273 (JHB J924), Palm Beach, Cairns, QLD,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9F83232BFDF0FAAB" box="[409,610,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="1962-01-10">10 January 1962</date>
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; ca.
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<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9C83232BFD76FAAB" box="[665,740,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="74.0">74mm</quantity>
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BD.
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<collectionCode id="9D9B16C1FF99537B9D3C232BFCF4FAAB" box="[806,870,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">SAM</collectionCode>
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||
H958 (RVS A516), north side of Tongue Reef, Cairns, QLD, at surface, coll. T. Purcell,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9C602343FCD2FAF3" box="[634,832,1352,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="1960-01-30">30 January 1960</date>
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||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9D6C2343FC5CFAF3" box="[886,974,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="115.0">115mm</quantity>
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||
BD, previously identified by P. Kramp as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9EAC237BFEFDFA18" box="[182,367,1392,1417]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9EAC237BFEFDFA18" box="[182,367,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">N. coerulescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. AM G16003, Palm Cove, Cairns, QLD, south side of stinger net, coll. J. Seymour,
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||
<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9B5C237BFE82FA23" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="1999-01-18">18 January 1999</date>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9F5F2393FE02FA23" box="[325,400,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="93.0">93mm</quantity>
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||
BD. QM G317065, Coral Sea, E. of MacGillivray Reef,
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<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9A2A2393FBE1FA23" box="[1072,1139,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2m</quantity>
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||
below surface, coll. Lyle Vail,
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||
<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9ECC23CBFE3EFA4B" box="[214,428,1472,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="2000-02-13">13 February 2000</date>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9FFE23CBFDAFFA4B" box="[484,573,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="120.0">120mm</quantity>
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BD. QM G317066, same data as QM G317065;
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<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF99537B9A9023CBFA82FA4B" box="[1162,1296,1472,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9B5823CBFA0EFA4B" box="[1346,1436,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="100.0">100mm</quantity>
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||
BD, plus fragments from 2 others. QM G306742,
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<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9CE323E3FC66F993" authority="Beach, W." authorityName="Beach, W." box="[761,1012,1512,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina Beach, W.</taxonomicName>
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side of Lizard Island, GBR, QLD, 14.40.8’S, 145.26.6E, coll. JNA Hooper & PA Tomkins,
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||
<date id="8F34A8C4FF99537B9D50201BFC65F9BB" box="[842,1015,1552,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="1996-03-07">7 March 1996</date>
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||
, over soft coral beds, sand base;
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||
<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF99537B9B97201BFE86F9C3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, ca.
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||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9F502033FE19F9C3" box="[330,395,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="15.0">15cm</quantity>
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BD. QM G324996 – G324999, same collection data as
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<typeStatus id="243130A6FF99537B9A3F2033FB1DF9C3" box="[1061,1167,1592,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9ADF2033FAA0F9C3" box="[1221,1330,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12cm</quantity>
|
||
absolute BD.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9D9B16C1FF99537B9ED4206BFE9CF9EB" box="[206,270,1632,1658]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
H1584, same collection data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF99537B9C90206BFD66F9EB" box="[650,756,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF99537B9CE5206BFC02F9EB" box="[767,912,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in 6 jars, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF99537B9A37206BFB0BF9EB" box="[1069,1177,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15cm</quantity>
|
||
absolute BD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9EDC208CFC0BF933" blockId="5.[151,1436,1112,1698]" box="[198,921,1671,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9EDC208CFEFDF930" bold="true" box="[198,367,1671,1697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF99537B9EDC208CFE96F930" box="[198,260,1671,1697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Palm Cove, Cairns district, North Queensland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF99537B9EDF20DCFE1BF8D3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9EDF20DCFE1BF8D3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1751,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9EDF20DCFED7F960" bold="true" box="[197,325,1751,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9F5520D3FE45F960" box="[335,471,1752,1777]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9F5520D3FE45F960" box="[335,471,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a single large, round protruding knob at apex of umbrella; with 7 rounded velar lappets, 2 pointed smaller rhopaliar lappets per octant; lacking exumbrellar papillae and appendages between the mouths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9953769EDC2144FB80FB7B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9EDC2144FE45F873" blockId="5.[151,1436,1751,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9EDC2144FE66F8F8" bold="true" box="[198,500,1871,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF99537B9F9B2144FE7CF8F8" box="[385,494,1871,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Exumbrella smooth, lacking papillae or warts; ornamented only with a single, large, round apical knob (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF99537B9FD02173FDAFF803" box="[458,573,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[205,1393,182,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[205,1394,182,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Netrostoma nuda, sp. nov., holotype. A, Exumbrellar view; note large central knob and lack of papillae. B, Subumbrellar view; note presence of thick appendages on oral plate, but lack of appendages between the mouths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181989/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3A &B); subumbrella with approximately 10 gelatinous radial ridges per octant, extending from peripheral edge of gastro-gonadal region approximately halfway to margin. Peripheral region of bell inverted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AFF5DE8CFF9A53789E8D216FFAC2F80F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181989/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[205,1393,182,1891]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9A53789E8D216FFAC2F80F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1892,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9A53789E8D216FFE8BF8ED" bold="true" box="[151,281,1892,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9A53789F3B216FFE4AF8EA" box="[289,472,1892,1915]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9A53789F3B216FFE4AF8EA" box="[289,472,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Netrostoma nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9A53789FFC216FFDAEF8ED" bold="true" box="[486,572,1892,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2CDEF6DFF9A53789FFC216FFDAEF8ED" box="[486,572,1892,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9A53789CAF216FFD5DF8ED" bold="true" box="[693,719,1892,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Exumbrellar view; note large central knob and lack of papillae.
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9A53789B9E216FFA0EF8ED" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1892,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Subumbrellar view; note presence of thick appendages on oral plate, but lack of appendages between the mouths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AFF5DE8CFF9B53799E8D2134FB39F8C7" box="[151,1195,1855,1879]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181990/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[235,1351,181,1831]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9B53799E8D2134FB39F8C7" blockId="7.[151,1195,1855,1879]" box="[151,1195,1855,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9B53799E8D2134FE8BF8C6" bold="true" box="[151,281,1855,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9B53799F3A214BFE45F8C6" box="[288,471,1856,1879]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9B53799F3A214BFE45F8C6" box="[288,471,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Netrostoma nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9B53799FFE2134FDC9F8C6" bold="true" box="[484,603,1855,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2CDEF6DFF9B53799FFE2134FDA8F8C6" box="[484,570,1855,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype specimen MTQ G55271.
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9B53799DCF2134FC7CF8C6" bold="true" box="[981,1006,1855,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype, in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9B53799EDF2181FDDEF865" blockId="7.[151,1437,1930,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Lappets 9 per octant, of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9B53799C0D2181FDCBF835" box="[535,601,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: rhopalial lappets small, pointed, with simple blind projection of radial canal network; remaining 7 (velar) lappets rounded, large, each with one or more short blind spikes projecting distally from top of radial canal loop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDF2693FE7CFE93" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Oral arms 8, about as long as bell radius; bi-forked, with numerous progressively shorter branches along adaxial side of arm; branches further branched, dendritic, with feather-like mouths; lacking appendages between mouths (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF9453769F7F26E3FE59FE93" box="[357,459,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[205,1393,182,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[205,1394,182,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Netrostoma nuda, sp. nov., holotype. A, Exumbrellar view; note large central knob and lack of papillae. B, Subumbrellar view; note presence of thick appendages on oral plate, but lack of appendages between the mouths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDF271BFA1BFE33" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Radial canals: Rhopaliar canals 8, of even thickness; inter-rhopaliar canals 3 per octant (total of 32 canals projecting from gastro-gondal region); completely anastomosed in outer 1/3 of bell, with “squares” proximally, becoming “rectangles” peripherally; with many blind diverticula, especially in proximal region where main canals have not yet anastomosed, with diverticula from network pointing laterally toward main canals.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDF27BBFC92FDD3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Rhopalia 8, 4 perradial and 4 interradial, within heart-shaped niches, “pointed” end of heart being the opening between adjacent lappets, with “bilobed” end enveloping a short radial canal projection; niches closed entirely on exumbrellar side, with short subumbrellar protective membrane, such that rhopalium directly exposed to water flow on subumbrellar side.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDF245BFB23FD2B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Oral plate with numerous long, stiff, hollow, cylindrical, gelatinous appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF9453769A86245BFA96FDFB" box="[1180,1284,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[205,1393,182,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[205,1394,182,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Netrostoma nuda, sp. nov., holotype. A, Exumbrellar view; note large central knob and lack of papillae. B, Subumbrellar view; note presence of thick appendages on oral plate, but lack of appendages between the mouths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B) arising at branch-points of oral canal network. Body open to outside only at 4 small interradial funnels; gastric and genital systems continuous. Gonads 4, interradial, U-shaped to amorphous, entirely enclosed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769E8D24C3FB14FC9B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Color in life translucent hazy bluish-white throughout, lacking spots, streaks, or other pigment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF9453769B0A24C3FAE5FD73" box="[1296,1399,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[235,1352,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Netrostoma nuda, sp. nov. A, Paratype specimen MTQ G 55271. B, Holotype, in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181990/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B); preserved mostly transparent with translucent canals and oral arms, gonads yellowish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDC251CFDC8FBB3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769EDC251CFED3FCA0" bold="true" box="[198,321,791,817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9453769F512513FE23FCA3" box="[331,433,792,818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MTQ G55273, presumably a sub-adult based on size, with only 5–6 velar lappets per octant, which are fused; it also has only 2–3 radial canals per octant between main canals, and gonads appear mature, but we can only identify three with confidence. The remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9453769DF72563FBCFFC13" box="[1005,1117,872,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
all have a damaged apical knob; despite this fact, there can be no mistake that it is without papillae. One possible explanation for the damage may be found in the collection label with specimen MTQ G55272, which noted “part showing above water while swimming.” As mesoglea dries quickly when exposed to air, perhaps this, or compaction during preservation, attributed to the damage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDC2224FB80FB7B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769EDC2224FDD2FBD8" bold="true" box="[198,576,1071,1097]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Observations on live animals.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769C51223BFC8AFBD8" box="[587,792,1072,1097]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769C51223BFC8AFBD8" box="[587,792,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Netrostoma nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
drifts along near the surface, with the knob bobbing above or just below the surface of the water; in some specimens the knob is damaged, possibly as a result of desiccation from being held above the water too long. Occasionally the species comes inshore in large numbers, giving a mild but annoying sting to swimmers. The largest medusa we have observed was well over
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9453769E8D22DBFF4AFB7B" box="[151,216,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="30.0">30cm</quantity>
|
||
bell diameter; the knob is conspicuous at all sizes (range 10–30+ cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9453769EDC22FCFD58F88B" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453769EDC22FCFD58F88B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769EDC22FCFEF5FA80" bold="true" box="[198,359,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Previous records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769C4022F3FD70FA80" box="[602,738,1272,1297]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769C4022F3FD70FA80" box="[602,738,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in Australian waters deserve some comment. The first was by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769EE9232BFE30FAAB" author="Stiasny" box="[243,418,1312,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Stiasny, G. (1926) Alte und neue Scyphomedusen von Australien. Zoologische Mededelingen, 9, 249 - 257." type="journal article" year="1926">Stiasny (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769FCB232BFD19FAA8" box="[465,651,1312,1337]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769FCB232BFD19FAA8" box="[465,651,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. coerulescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Funafuti Island north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9453769A1B232BFBE2FAAB" box="[1025,1136,1312,1338]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, this may have actually been
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769F212343FE0AFAF0" box="[315,408,1352,1377]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769F212343FE0AFAF0" box="[315,408,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since it lacked oral-arm appendages, but no mention was made of the apical structure.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769E8D237BFED0FA1B" author="Stiasny" box="[151,322,1392,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1931) Uber einige coelenterata von Australien. Zoologische Mededelingen, 14, 27 - 42." type="journal article" year="1931">Stiasny (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later recorded the same species from Wilson Islet, Capricorn Group, QLD, though it is unclear what species he actually had. He commented that the oral appendages were only small, indicating that they did occur on the oral arms as well as the oral disk, but made no comment as to the exumbrellar ornamentation. He further commented that the species was rare in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9453769CED23E3FCF5F993" box="[759,871,1512,1538]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769A0523E3FB5AF993" author="Kramp" box="[1055,1224,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1965) Some medusae (mainly scyphomedusae) from Australian coastal waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 89, 257 - 278, pl. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1965">Kramp (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769B2023E3FF68F9B8" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769B2023E3FF68F9B8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. coerulescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Tongue Reef, QLD. However, we have examined Kramp’s specimen (SAM H958 = RVS A516) and it is clearly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769FB32033FD94F9C0" box="[425,518,1592,1617]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769FB32033FD94F9C0" box="[425,518,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lacking any form of oral arm appendages between the mouths, having seven velar lappets per octant, and a squashed but papilla-free apical knob. Curiously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769A4A206BFB3CF9E8" box="[1104,1198,1632,1657]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769A4A206BFB3CF9E8" box="[1104,1198,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite common in North Queensland waters, being well represented in Australian collections. We have yet to see Australian specimens that correspond to the description of any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769DAE20BBFBAEF958" box="[948,1084,1712,1737]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769DAE20BBFBAEF958" box="[948,1084,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only other reference that we are aware of, which appears to be for this species, is in a field guide for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9453769A1520D3FB54F963" box="[1039,1222,1752,1778]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769ACF20D3FE98F88B" author="Laboute" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Laboute, P. & Magnier, Y. (1979) Underwater Guide to New Caledonia. Papeete, Tahiti: Les Editions du Pacifique." type="book" year="1979">Laboute & Magnier 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); thus extending the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769C7C210BFD50F888" box="[614,706,1792,1817]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769C7C210BFD50F888" box="[614,706,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9453779EDC212CFE2DFE93" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9453779EDC212CFE2DFE93" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,978]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769EDC212CFED2F8D0" bold="true" box="[198,320,1831,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769F5C2123FE60F8D3" author="Stiasny" box="[326,498,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Stiasny, G. (1921) Studien uber rhizostomeen. Capita Zool., 1, viii, 1 - 179, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1921">Stiasny (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769C302123FD42F8D3" author="Kramp" box="[554,720,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
both separated the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769A3D2123FB31F8D3" box="[1063,1187,1832,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Cepheidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cepheidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the number of radial canals per octant, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769C3A215BFD3AF8F8" box="[544,680,1872,1897]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769C3A215BFD3AF8F8" box="[544,680,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having three,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769D4D215BFC23F8F8" box="[855,945,1872,1897]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Cephea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769D4D215BFC23F8F8" box="[855,945,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Cephea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having more than three. Unlike the four other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769F422173FE4DF800" box="[344,479,1912,1937]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769F422173FE4DF800" box="[344,479,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769FF52173FDDFF800" box="[495,589,1912,1937]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769FF52173FDDFF800" box="[495,589,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have warts or papillae on the exumbrella. Rather, it has only a single large central knob, much like the knob on the lid of a saucepan. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9453769A7F21ABFA9CF82B" author="Kramp" box="[1125,1294,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769EFE21C3FEFEF870" box="[228,364,1992,2017]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769EFE21C3FEFEF870" box="[228,364,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having large warts on the central dome,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9453769D6921C3FC43F870" box="[883,977,1992,2017]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9453769D6921C3FC43F870" box="[883,977,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly must be assigned to this genus based on its radial canal arrangement, namely three per octant between main canals. It seems most sensible to broaden the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779F6C26CBFE6CFF48" box="[374,510,192,217]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779F6C26CBFE6CFF48" box="[374,510,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include taxa lacking exumbrellar warts or papillae, rather than to propose a new genus for this taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9553779EDF271BFDBFFC43" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9553779EDF271BFB72FCCB" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779EDF271BFE00FEB8" ID-CoL="479NW" box="[197,402,272,297]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779EDF271BFE00FEB8" box="[197,402,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Netrostoma nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its congeners not only in lacking exumbrellar papillae, but also in other characters as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779FC52733FC48FEC3" ID-CoL="479NV" authority="A. Agassiz & Mayer 1899" authorityName="A. Agassiz & Mayer" authorityYear="1899" box="[479,986,312,338]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumokuroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779FC52733FD15FEC0" box="[479,647,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. dumokuroa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779C822733FC40FEC3" author="Agassiz" box="[664,978,312,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Agassiz, A. & Mayer, A. G. (1899) Acalephs from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 32, 157 - 189, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1899">A. Agassiz & Mayer 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having prominent lappets, whereas in the latter the lappets are nine per octant and inconspicuous; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779DA6276BFA86FEEB" ID-CoL="6RYKF" authority="Maas (1903)" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1903" box="[956,1300,352,378]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779DA6276BFBE4FEE8" box="[956,1142,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. coerulescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779A64276BFA86FEEB" author="Maas" box="[1150,1300,352,378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Maas, O. (1903) Die scyphomedusen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie, Monograph 11, 1 - 91, pl. 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1903">Maas (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779B54276BFD9AFE33" ID-CoL="479NX" authority="Kishinouye 1902" authorityName="Kishinouye" authorityYear="1902" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setouchianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779B54276BFE8BFE30" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. setouchianum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779F342783FD92FE33" author="Kishinouye" box="[302,512,392,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1902) Some new scyphomedusae of Japan. College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 17, 1 - 17, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1902">Kishinouye 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking appendages between the mouths; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779AA02783FEC1FE5B" ID-CoL="479NY" authority="Schultze (1898)" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1898" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="typhlodendrium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779AA02783FA0EFE30" box="[1210,1436,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. typhlodendrium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779E8D27BBFEC1FE5B" author="Schultze" box="[151,339,432,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Schultze, L. S. (1898) Rhizostomen von Ambon. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, Bd. 8, 443 - 466, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1898">Schultze (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having only seven velar lappets per octant, rather than eight. Furthermore, in the sensory niches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779F1D27D3FEF1FE60" ID-CoL="479NW" box="[263,355,472,497]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779F1D27D3FEF1FE60" box="[263,355,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the protective web on the subumbrellar side is very shallow, such that the niche is open and rhopalium itself is directly exposed to water flow, whereas the protective web appears to be more distally placed, thus the sensory niche more closed, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779CDB2423FCFAFDD0" ID-CoL="479NV" box="[705,872,552,577]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumokuroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779CDB2423FCFAFDD0" box="[705,872,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. dumokuroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779D632423FACAFDD3" author="Agassiz" box="[889,1368,552,578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Agassiz, A. & Mayer, A. G. (1899) Acalephs from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 32, 157 - 189, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1899">Agassiz and Mayer 1899, Pl. 12, fig. 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The radial canals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779F54245BFE61FDF8" ID-CoL="479NV" box="[334,499,592,617]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumokuroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779F54245BFE61FDF8" box="[334,499,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. dumokuroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described and figured as having four wider than the rest, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779B5A245BFA09FDF8" ID-CoL="479NW" box="[1344,1435,592,617]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779B5A245BFA09FDF8" box="[1344,1435,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all eight main canals leading to the rhopalia are of equal width, but thicker than the remaining 24 canals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779B9B2473FE8EFD28" ID-CoL="479NV" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumokuroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779B9B2473FE8EFD28" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. dumokuroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779F4324ABFD9EFD28" box="[345,524,672,697]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setouchiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779F4324ABFD9EFD28" box="[345,524,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. setouchiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are said to have the genital sacs completely separated from the gastric sacs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779E8524C3FE2FFD73" author="Agassiz" box="[159,445,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Agassiz, A. & Mayer, A. G. (1899) Acalephs from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 32, 157 - 189, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1899">Agassiz & Mayer 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9553779FD624C3FDF0FD73" author="Mayer" box="[460,610,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World. Vol. 3, The scyphomedusae. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institution." type="journal volume" year="1910">Mayer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779D0A24C3FCFDFD70" ID-CoL="479NW" box="[784,879,712,737]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779D0A24C3FCFDFD70" box="[784,879,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">N. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bubbles injected through the subgenital pores could be freely shifted throughout the gastric and genital cavities simply by rotation of the specimen, indicating no separation. In addition, one
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9553779C2B2513FD04FCA3" box="[561,662,792,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MTQ G55271) has numerous eggs lodged in the radial canals of the lappets, further evidence that the gastric and genital systems are connected in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9553779EDC256CFDBFFC43" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779EDC256CFD79FC10" bold="true" box="[198,747,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Revised Diagnosis for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779C42256CFD76FC10" ID-CoL="84MT3" box="[600,740,871,897]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Netrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9553779C42256CFD76FC10" bold="true" box="[600,740,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Netrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9553779CE82563FCFCFC13" ID-CoL="8SSXV" box="[754,878,872,898]" class="Arachnida" family="Cepheidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cepheidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with three inter-rhopaliar canals in each octant; exumbrella with large warts on central dome or with a single large central knob; with or without stiff appendages on mouth-arms and arm-disk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |