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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13b1e5f2-46c1-454c-9429-255ddcc39dd7" ID-PMC="PMC8352856" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1053-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="24C336C5EA905902A044FCF1B43767E9" ID-PubMed="34393555" ID-ZooBank="E67F6F86686D44AC910537FF58BC2183" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1053-1" checkinTime="1627926303636" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di &amp; Rosso, Antonietta" docDate="2021" docId="519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1053: 1-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1053" docPubDate="2021-08-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324" docTitle="Microporella pachyspina Martino &amp; Rosso 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="01E293A7-7645-4D29-B3D3-70905E995CE8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="24C336C5EA905902A044FCF1B43767E9" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="24C336C5EA905902A044FCF1B43767E9" masterDocTitle="Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150783835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-4036</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, University of Oslo - Blindern, P. O. Box 1172, Oslo 0318, Norway</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">e.d.martino@nhm.uio.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosso, Antonietta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Universita di Catania - Corso Italia 57, 95129, Catania, Italy &amp; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare - Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-08-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1053</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>42</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1053-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E67F6F86686D44AC910537FF58BC2183</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">24C336C5EA905902A044FCF1B43767E9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183907177" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01E293A7-7645-4D29-B3D3-70905E995CE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/01E293A7-7645-4D29-B3D3-70905E995CE8" authority="Martino &amp; Rosso, 2021" authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella pachyspina" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pachyspina" status="sp. nov.">Microporella pachyspina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: Italy • 1 living colony consisting of about 50 zooids, several fertile; Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands, Marettimo Island;
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="37.949722">37°56'59&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="12.065556">12°3'56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; sample ECE5; 8 m; summer 2007; A. Sinagra leg.; IA and HP Biocoenoses; scuba diving; PMC. B31a.3.12.2020.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Italy • ECE5, 2 living, fertile colonies, one including the ancestrula on a
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Posidonia oceanica" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oceanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf; same details as the holotype; PMC. B31b. 3.12.2020.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="A. Sinagra, Biocoenoses, Rosso Collection I. H. B." country="Italy" county="Strait" elevation="19" latitude="37.94528" location="Marettimo Island" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="12.084167" municipality="Egadi Islands" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
• a few living colonies,
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty>Strait</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Egadi Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7:A2CE77DB678817053BE481265B4474EC" country="Italy" county="Strait" latitude="37.94528" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="12.084167" municipality="Egadi Islands" name="Marettimo Island" stateProvince="Sicily">Marettimo Island</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="37.94528">37°56'43&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="3" value="12.084167">12°5'3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; sample EBE4;
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="19.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; summer 2007;
<collectorName>A. Sinagra</collectorName>
leg.; IA-HP
<collectorName>Biocoenoses</collectorName>
; scuba diving; PMC
<collectorName>Rosso Collection I. H. B.</collectorName>
87a
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colony encrusting, multiserial. Autozooid frontal shield granular and centrally pseudoporous. Orifice transversely D-shaped; hinge-line smooth with rectangular condyles at corners; five (more commonly) to eight oral spines, the proximalmost pair placed slightly below the orifice hinge-line and very large in diameter. Ascopore field reniform to elliptical, developing a mucro proximally; ascopore opening transversely C-shaped, with tongue and radial spines. Avicularium single, located at half zooidal length, directed distolaterally; crossbar complete; rostrum triangular, channelled. Ovicell produced by distal autozooid, non-personate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar, forming subcircular patches less than 1 cm in diameter, consisting of several tens of zooids, typically on
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Posidonia" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves; interzooidal communications through pore chamber windows along lateral walls (44-99
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
), two elliptical pairs placed proximolaterally and distolaterally, and a single distal one more rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Autozooids hexagonal, 374-510 (442
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
50, N = 24)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
257-346 (290
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
31, N = 24)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(mean L/W = 1.52), distinct with interzooidal boundaries marked by deep grooves between salient vertical walls (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A</figureCitation>
), often exposing the smooth, lateral gymnocyst. Frontal shield nearly flat proximally, slightly convex disto-centrally, finely to coarsely granular and pseudoporous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C, D</figureCitation>
); granules 5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, irregularly spaced; 6-18 pseudopores, circular (7-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter), irregularly arranged, mostly centrally in the proximal half of the zooid; 3-6 marginal areolae, usually visible at zooidal corners, those placed proximally and laterally fissure-like (up to 90
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long), the single or paired distal ones rounded (20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella pachyspina" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pachyspina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella pachyspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
holotype PMC. B31a.3.12.2020
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
paratype PMC. B31b. 3.12.2020
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
colony general view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
); 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Orifice transversely D-shaped, 75-93 (84
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6, N = 15)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
89-127
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(108
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
12, N = 15) (mean OL/OW = 0.78; mean ZL/OL = 5.17), outlined by a thin and smooth raised rim; hinge-line straight, smooth, with a pair of rectangular condyles at corners (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
). Five (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
) (occasionally 6-8: Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8G</figureCitation>
) oral spines; the proximalmost pair robust, the base 36-51
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, horn-shaped, terminally tapering and bending, placed slightly below the level of the orifice hinge-line, persisting in ovicellate autozooids (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
); the three (occasionally 4-6) distal spines thinner (base diameter 13-32
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ascopore field a reniform to elliptical area of smooth gymnocystal calcification (39-78
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
45-102
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
), more extensive proximally, developing a pointed, upward directed mucro not concealing the ascopore opening, placed 30-60
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
below the orifice, slightly depressed relative to the adjacent frontal shield (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D</figureCitation>
); opening transversely C-shaped, 32-64
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-18
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with subcircular tongue projecting from distal edge and radial, tiny denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Avicularium single, often absent (e.g., 40% of zooids without avicularium in a colony of 42 zooids), moderately large, 76-115 (94
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
10, N = 33)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
48-78
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(63
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
9, N = 33) (mean AvL/AvW = 1.50), located laterally, on either side, at about half zooidal length; crossbar complete; rostrum short, rounded triangular, channelled, directed distolaterally, often raised distally on a smooth, gymnocystal cystid (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
). Mandible 143-224
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, pointed, with a hook at about one-third of its length that clamps it to the rostrum tip, lying proximally to ascopore when open (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ovicell non-personate, subglobular, prominent, 216-320 (251
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
23, N = 20)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
241-312 (288
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
22, N = 20)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(mean OvL/OvW = 0.87), obscuring half to two-thirds of the zooidal orifice, formed by and continuous with frontal shield of distal zooid (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
) (occasionally of two zooids), lateral gymnocystal margins raised, exceeding boundaries of the autozooid on which it lies; calcification fabric similar to frontal shield but with smaller and more widely-spaced granules, sometimes completely smooth centrally and with a rounded mucro (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A, E</figureCitation>
); imperforate except for 12-18 large pseudopores aligned in a peripheral row, closely and evenly spaced, separated by radial ridges, rounded quadrangular, 17-42
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, plus an additional, discontinuous inner row of 4-6 smaller, circular pseudopores (5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ancestrula tatiform, oval (300
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
218
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
), gymnocyst moderately developed, more extensive proximally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8F</figureCitation>
); opesia subcircular, surrounded by a well-developed, smooth cryptocyst, more extensive proximally, narrowing distally, outlined by a thin elevated rim indented by ten gymnocystal spines (six distal, two median, two proximal). Ancestrula budding two distolateral autozooids, followed by two lateral and two proximolateral ones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
From the Greek
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pachys</emphasis>
, meaning thick, and the Latin
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">spina</emphasis>
meaning spine, referring to the robust proximalmost pair of oral spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The main diagnostic character of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella pachyspina" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pachyspina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella pachyspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is the great size of the proximalmost pair of oral spines, as well as their position, halfway below the level of the orifice hinge-line. Among
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species known worldwide,
<taxonomicName class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. alaskana" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alaskana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. alaskana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dick &amp; Ross, 1988 from the eastern Pacific,
<taxonomicName class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. echinata" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="echinata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. echinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Androsova, 1958, and
<taxonomicName class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. trigonellata" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="trigonellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. trigonellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Suwa &amp; Mawatari, 1998, both from off Japan, share similar features. In
<taxonomicName class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. alaskana" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alaskana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. alaskana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the proximalmost pair of spines are larger in diameter compared to the remaining spines but they are placed more distally compared to the new species, approximately at orifice mid-length (
<bibRefCitation author="Dick, MH" journalOrPublisher="Western Washington University, Bellingham" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Dick, MH, Ross, JRP, 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Western Washington University, Bellingham" title="Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska." year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
); in addition, this species has paired avicularia, the ascopore is placed very close to the orifice hinge-line, and there is a prominent umbo centrally on the frontal shield (
<bibRefCitation author="Dick, MH" journalOrPublisher="Western Washington University, Bellingham" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Dick, MH, Ross, JRP, 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Western Washington University, Bellingham" title="Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska." year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Androsova" authorityYear="1958" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella echinata" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="echinata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella echinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having an evenly pseudoporous frontal shield, with pseudopores visibly larger, and tubercular (
<bibRefCitation author="Mawatari, SF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 66" refId="B44" refString="Mawatari, SF, Kaneko, N, Gordon, DP, 1991. Redescription of Microporella echinata Androsova, 1958 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Hokkaido, with special reference to its astogeny. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 24: 61 - 66" title="Redescription of Microporella echinata Androsova, 1958 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Hokkaido, with special reference to its astogeny." volume="24" year="1991">Mawatari et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suwa &amp; Mawatari" authorityYear="1998" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella trigonellata" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="trigonellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella trigonellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the same number, relative size, arrangement and position of spines but differs from the new species in having the avicularium placed distolaterally, directed distally, with a pointed, non-channelled rostrum; also, the ridges and grooves on the ovicells are distinctly defined and more marked, and the ancestrula has a narrower proximal gymnocyst (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939800770461" author="Suwa, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="895 - 922" refId="B68" refString="Suwa, T, Mawatari, SF, 1998. Revision of seven species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from Hokkaido, Japan, using new taxonomic characters. Journal of Natural History 32: 895 - 922, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939800770461" title="Revision of seven species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from Hokkaido, Japan, using new taxonomic characters." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939800770461" volume="32" year="1998">Suwa and Mawatari 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The general appearance of those zooids lacking avicularia in
<taxonomicName class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. pachyspina" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pachyspina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. pachyspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. reminds those of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenestrulina joannae" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="joannae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fenestrulina joannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Calvet, 1902), which are also similar in having the proximalmost pair of spines long, robust and rounded, non-stellate pseudopores sparse on the frontal shield, centrally smooth ovicells, sometimes with peripheral radial ridges, developing a mucro (
<bibRefCitation author="Chimenz Gusso, C" journalOrPublisher="B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Chimenz Gusso, C, Nicoletti, L, Bondanese, C, 2014. Briozoi. Biologia Marina Mediterranea 20 (Suppl. 1): 1-336." title="Briozoi. Biologia Marina Mediterranea 20 (Suppl. 1): 1 - 336." year="2014">Chimenz Gusso et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 165, fig. 82a-c). This latter species, originally described as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Calvet, L" journalOrPublisher="Travaux de l'institut de zoologie de l'Universite de Montpellier et de la station zoologique de Cette" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B8" refString="Calvet, L, 1902. Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse (recoltes par M. Caziot). Travaux de l'institut de zoologie de l'Universite de Montpellier et de la station zoologique de Cette 12: 1 - 52" title="Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse (recoltes par M. Caziot)." volume="12" year="1902">Calvet (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, was reassigned to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenestrulina" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fenestrulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Gautier, YV" journalOrPublisher="Recueillis des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 435" refId="B29" refString="Gautier, YV, 1962. Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueillis des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume 38: 1 - 435" title="Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale." volume="38" year="1962">Gautier (1962</bibRefCitation>
: 171) apparently based on a suggestion made by Hastings without any supporting statement, instead highlighting the different type of pseudopores (non-stellate) compared with those of the type species of the genus
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenestrulina malusii" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="malusii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fenestrulina malusii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Audouin, 1826. Subsequent authors followed
<bibRefCitation author="Gautier, YV" journalOrPublisher="Recueillis des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 435" refId="B29" refString="Gautier, YV, 1962. Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueillis des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume 38: 1 - 435" title="Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale." volume="38" year="1962">Gautier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenestrulina" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fenestrulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have large, stellate pseudopores mostly occupying the area of the frontal shield between the ascopore and the orifice, a sector that is usually imperforate in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on these observations,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenestrulina joannae" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="joannae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fenestrulina joannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to have more affinities with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martino &amp; Rosso" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microporella" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and here we suggest its displacement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Dry specimens on organic substrates (i.e.,
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Posidonia" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves) appear with the zooids disconnected or almost disconnected, giving to the colony a slightly disjunct appearance because the zooids were less packed hence exposing a more extensive, smooth gymnocyst laterally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microporella pachyspina sp. nov. from Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands A-E holotype PMC. B 31 a. 3.12.2020 F, G paratype PMC. B 31 b. 3.12.2020 A colony general view B close-up of orifice with proximolateral rectangular condyles, smooth hinge-line, and five oral spine bases. Note the giant proximolateral pair of spine bases located at hinge-line level and at some distance from the thinner, distal ones C close-up of avicularium with truncated, channelled rostrum projecting laterally outside its edge affecting the shape of the adjacent zooid margin D close-up of ascopore with proximal mucro E ovicells smooth and imperforate centrally, finely granular and with a row of large pores peripherally. Radial buttresses between marginal pores converge towards the median umbo F Ancestrula budding one distal and two distolateral autozooids. Two larger, proximolateral, curved autozooids complete the periancestrular region G autozooids from the colony growing margin with six or seven oral spines. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 µm (B-D); 200 µm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8F</figureCitation>
). This loose packing is a common adaptation in species growing on flexible substrates to reduce the potential breakage of the zooidal skeletons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Presently known only from shallow waters off Egadi Islands, at the western limit of the Sicily Strait in the Mediterranean Sea, associated with
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Posidonia" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meadows and the Infralittoral
<taxonomicName genus="Algae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Algae</taxonomicName>
Biocoenosis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>