516 lines
54 KiB
XML
516 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="476BFD6CC556F15C6198BCFE36AE21F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="29457" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4472.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cf6a94b5-1ee9-4b1e-9594-777d5200ae72" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1440079" ID-ZooBank="CCEE33CB-16C1-4489-92CC-3F6D4A525F05" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538371363271" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. & Melika, George" docDate="2018" docId="03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4472.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4472 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Protobalandricus spectabilis Nicholls & Stone & Melika 2018, new comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="FF9A3000FFB6455BE73BFFFBFFC4FFA1" masterDocTitle="A new genus of oak gallwasp, Protobalandricus Melika, Nicholls & Stone (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from California" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="146" updateTime="1698558590805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="41E6F2C6F2AC262DBB71F640E646CBEE">
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<mods:title id="C686809E6C251014C68992C223A8224F">A new genus of oak gallwasp, Protobalandricus Melika, Nicholls & Stone (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from California</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C11CDFFFE689E777EAADB396D1A1A8FF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D7781CB626D5A8FACAF7489D16400855">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67B59508FECEE90225F523BEA7D01797">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="99CDEB559BA0861D85079146162C9379">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4222DA3C3CD07EAA571B44D623D55216">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="96F11CCDC74234A900C82469EE869928">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7D57AF5DA685B2E6C69B30F3B60ED0C7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="70F914157EC8E5A5D919B6F7D972EF0B">
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<mods:date id="BC0BC17734B3745E4090185ADD9FCBD1">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA8A4F78907EAC8EE8C9EF39621C8C27">2018-09-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3A57282786B04D16BACB92C45C664857">4472</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485395" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148421235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
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<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB3455EE7ACF946FCFDF979" box="[151,825,1725,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB3455EE7ACF946FCFDF979" blockId="5.[151,825,1725,1752]" box="[151,825,1725,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
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<heading id="D0FD4E02FFB3455EE7ACF946FCFDF979" bold="true" box="[151,825,1725,1752]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE7ACF946FCFDF979" bold="true" box="[151,825,1725,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB3455EE7ACF946FD63F979" authority="(Kinsey, 1922)" authorityName="Nicholls & Stone & Melika" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[151,679,1725,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Protobalandricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE7ACF946FE29F976" bold="true" box="[151,493,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Protobalandricus spectabilis</emphasis>
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(Kinsey, 1922)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D9807FFB3455EE58FF945FCFDF979" box="[692,825,1726,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">new comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB3455EE7ACF8FFFBF7F8BB" box="[151,1075,1796,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB3455EE7ACF8FFFBF7F8BB" blockId="5.[151,1075,1796,1818]" box="[151,1075,1796,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB3455EE7ACF8FFFE30F8BB" authority="Kinsey, 1922" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,500,1796,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE7ACF8FFFEA1F8BB" box="[151,357,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Andricus spectabilis</emphasis>
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Kinsey, 1922
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB3455EE6C6F8FFFBEBF8BB" authority="(Melika & Abrahamson 2002)" authorityName="Melika & Abrahamson" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Melika & Abrahamson" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[509,1071,1796,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE6C6F8FFFD37F8BB" box="[509,755,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Disholcaspis spectabilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFB3455EE43BF8FFFBECF8BB" box="[768,1064,1796,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" refId="ref5869" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2002) Review of the World Genera of Oak Cynipid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuroczy, Cs. (Eds.), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biological Control. Agroinform, Budapest, pp. 150 - 190." type="book chapter">Melika & Abrahamson 2002</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB3455EE7ACF8B3FE4EF86D" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB3455EE7ACF8B3FE4EF86D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1863,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
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<typeStatus id="54B147CCFFB3455EE7ACF8B3FF1EF8C1" box="[151,218,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Types</typeStatus>
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are deposited at the
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<collectionCode id="ED1B61ABFFB3455EE6F4F8B3FDE3F8C1" box="[463,551,1864,1888]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">AMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED1B61ABFFB3455EE50EF8B3FDB4F8C1" box="[565,624,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">NYC</collectionCode>
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and labeled as ”Pasadena Cal., Gall
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<date id="FFB4DFAEFFB3455EE31AF8B3FBABF8C1" box="[1057,1135,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" value="20-07-02">2.7.20</date>
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.”, ”
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB3455EE3ACF8B3FA5FF8C1" authority=", Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[1175,1435,1863,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE3ACF8B3FAFFF8C1" box="[1175,1339,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
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, Kinsey
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</taxonomicName>
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coll.”, red ”
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB3455EE624F890FDC2F825" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[287,518,1899,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE624F890FDC2F825" box="[287,518,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Andricus spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54B147CCFFB3455EE52CF890FD41F825" box="[535,645,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
”. The
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<typeStatus id="54B147CCFFB3455EE5E9F890FCF0F825" box="[722,820,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and seven female
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<typeStatus id="54B147CCFFB3455EE32BF897FBBFF825" box="[1040,1147,1900,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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in the general collection with the same labels as the
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<typeStatus id="54B147CCFFB3455EE6E2F874FDFFF809" box="[473,571,1935,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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were examined. Details of adults reared by the authors are given below in “Material examined”.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB3455EE7FCF82CFAEDF851" box="[199,1321,2007,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB3455EE7FCF82CFAEDF851" blockId="5.[151,1436,1863,2032]" box="[199,1321,2007,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB3455EE7FCF82CFE85F851" bold="true" box="[199,321,2007,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Morphological peculiarities of the species are given in the Diagnosis to the genus above.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF75A9E6FFB0455DE7ACFB10FA42FA81" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440087/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" startId="6.[151,264,1259,1281]" targetBox="[162,1412,208,1213]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB0455DE7ACFB10FA42FA81" blockId="6.[151,1436,1259,1312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE7ACFB10FE92FAA0" bold="true" box="[151,342,1259,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">FIGURES 17–22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE664FB10FDFCFAA0" box="[351,568,1259,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartmani">
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<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE664FB10FDFCFAA0" box="[351,568,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Holocynips hartmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, asexual female: 17, head, frontal view. 18, antenna. 19, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view. 20, mesosoma, dorsal view. 21, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 22, metasoma, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB0455DE7FCFABCFDF1FA25" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB0455DE7FCFABCFDF1FA25" blockId="6.[151,1437,1351,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE7FCFABCFE9DFAC1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1351,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Description.</emphasis>
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||
A detailed description of the species is given in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFB0455DE4BCFABCFBEBFAC1" box="[903,1071,1351,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" refId="ref5285" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1922 a) New Pacific Coast Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 46, 279 - 295." type="journal article">Kinsey (1922a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFB0455DE307FABCFB42FAC1" box="[1084,1158,1351,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" refId="ref5318" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1922 b) Studies of some new and described Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 9 (53), 1 - 141." type="journal article">1922b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFB0455DE3A0FABCFA53FAC1" box="[1179,1431,1351,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" refId="ref5352" refString="Liljeblad, J., Ronquist, F., Nieves-Aldrey, J. - L., Fontal-Cazalla, F., Ros-Farre, P., Gaitros, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2008) A fully web-illustrated morphological phylogenetic study of relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Zootaxa, 1796, 1 - 73." type="journal article">
|
||
Liljeblad
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||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE233FAB3FAFEFAC1" box="[1288,1338,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, also see the genus description above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB0455DE7FCFA74FE62F905" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB0455DE7FCFA74FE62F905" blockId="6.[151,1437,1351,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B62F333FFB0455DE7FCFA74FB15FA09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889376" box="[199,1233,1423,1448]" country="United States of America" county="Arcata" latitude="40.87" location="Material" longLatPrecision="696" longitude="-123.73" municipality="Berry Summit" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE7FCFA74FE71FA09" bold="true" box="[199,437,1423,1448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
|
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<location id="8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE7FCFA74FEEBFA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C:8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE7FCFA74FEEBFA09" box="[199,303,1423,1448]" country="United States of America" county="Arcata" latitude="40.87" longLatPrecision="696" longitude="-123.73" municipality="Berry Summit" name="Material" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB0455DE6F7FA6BFDCCFA09" box="[460,520,1424,1448]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, CA,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD16314FFB0455DE56FFA6BFD38FA09" box="[596,764,1423,1448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Berry Summit</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, east of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D481E2FFB0455DE453FA6BFC77FA09" box="[872,947,1424,1448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Arcata</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE4FCFA6BFBF2FA06" box="[967,1078,1424,1448]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="40.87">40.87° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE37CFA6BFB0DFA09" box="[1095,1225,1424,1448]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="-123.73">123.73° W</geoCoordinate>
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||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B62F333FFB0455DE3D9FA74FA87FA6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889379" collectorName="J. Nicholls" country="United States of America" latitude="39.58" location="Irvine Lodge" longLatPrecision="701" longitude="-123.45" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="1">
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||
leg.
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||
<collectorName id="26FF9CB8FFB0455DE223FA6BFA5CFA09" box="[1304,1432,1423,1448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2007.11.0 4., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE66EFA4FFD88FA6D" box="[341,588,1459,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vacciniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE66EFA4FFD88FA6D" box="[341,588,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Quercus vacciniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB0455DE54CFA4FFD70FA6D" box="[631,692,1460,1484]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, CA,
|
||
<location id="8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE5C4FA48FC52FA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C:8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE5C4FA48FC52FA6D" box="[767,918,1459,1484]" country="United States of America" latitude="39.58" longLatPrecision="701" longitude="-123.45" name="Irvine Lodge" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Irvine Lodge</location>
|
||
picnic area (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE30CFA48FB63FA6A" box="[1079,1191,1459,1484]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="39.58">39.58° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE383FA48FAFFFA6D" box="[1208,1339,1459,1484]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="-123.45">123.45° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B62F333FFB0455DE26FFA48FA53FA51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889377" collectorName="J. Nicholls" country="United States of America" latitude="38.15" location="Angels Camp" longLatPrecision="706" longitude="-120.44" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF9CB8FFB0455DE2B1FA4FFF3DFA51" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2007.11.0 3., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE686FA23FD67FA51" box="[445,675,1495,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE686FA23FD67FA51" box="[445,675,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”; “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB0455DE5F0FA23FCC3FA51" box="[715,775,1496,1520]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, CA,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF2548BFFB0455DE470FA23FC50FA51" box="[843,916,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of
|
||
<location id="8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE4D0FA2CFB42FA51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C:8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE4D0FA2CFB42FA51" box="[1003,1158,1495,1520]" country="United States of America" latitude="38.15" longLatPrecision="706" longitude="-120.44" name="Angels Camp" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Angels Camp</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE3ACFA2CFAC7FA4E" box="[1175,1283,1495,1520]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="38.15">38.15° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE22BFA23FA4BFA51" box="[1296,1423,1496,1520]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="-120.44">120.44° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B62F333FFB0455DE7ACFA00FF79F999" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889375" collectorName="J. Nicholls" country="United States of America" latitude="40.47" location="Shiell Gulch" longLatPrecision="697" longitude="-123.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF9CB8FFB0455DE7F2FA07FE81F9B5" box="[201,325,1531,1556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2008.0 3.29., ex
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE532FA07FD3AF9B5" box="[521,766,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE532FA07FD32F9B5" box="[521,758,1531,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">Quercus chrysolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB0455DE422FA07FC92F9B5" box="[793,854,1532,1556]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, CA,
|
||
<location id="8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE4A2FA00FBECF9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C:8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE4A2FA00FBECF9B5" box="[921,1064,1531,1556]" country="United States of America" latitude="40.47" longLatPrecision="697" longitude="-123.06" name="Shiell Gulch" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Shiell Gulch</location>
|
||
campground (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE3F7FA07FAF3F9B2" box="[1228,1335,1532,1556]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="40.47">40.47° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE27FFA00FF71F999" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="-123.06">123.06° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B62F333FFB0455DE7F1F9E4FE5BF9FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889374" collectorName="J. Nicholls" country="United States of America" latitude="34.64" location="Highway" longLatPrecision="719" longitude="-119.38" municipality="Los Padres National Forest" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF9CB8FFB0455DE7C7F9DBFEBDF999" box="[252,377,1567,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2008.0 4.0 1., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE506F9DBFCE7F999" box="[573,803,1567,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE506F9DBFCE7F999" box="[573,803,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”; “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB0455DE470F9DBFC43F999" box="[843,903,1568,1592]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, CA,
|
||
<location id="8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE4F7F9E4FBF6F999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C:8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE4F7F9E4FBF6F999" box="[972,1074,1567,1592]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.64" longLatPrecision="719" longitude="-119.38" municipality="Los Padres National Forest" name="Highway" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Highway</location>
|
||
33,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD16314FFB0455DE35CF9DBFA58F996" box="[1127,1436,1567,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Los Padres National Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE7A4F9B8FECFF9FA" box="[159,267,1603,1628]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="34.64">34.64° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE623F9BFFE53F9FD" box="[280,407,1604,1628]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="-119.38">119.38° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B62F333FFB0455DE696F9B8FE17F921" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889378" collectorName="J. DeMartini" country="United States of America" latitude="37.75" location="Yosemite National Park" longLatPrecision="708" longitude="-119.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF9CB8FFB0455DE6DBF9BFFDB7F9FD" box="[480,627,1603,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">J. DeMartini</collectorName>
|
||
, 2006.10.20., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE402F9BFFBDBF9FD" box="[825,1055,1603,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE402F9BFFBDBF9FD" box="[825,1055,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”; “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB0455DE373F9BFFB41F9FD" box="[1096,1157,1604,1628]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, CA,
|
||
<location id="8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE3F2F9B8FF0FF921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A34878FFB34553E7ACF946FCB1FD9C:8ED5AFB5FFB0455DE3F2F9B8FF0FF921" country="United States of America" latitude="37.75" longLatPrecision="708" longitude="-119.6" name="Yosemite National Park" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Yosemite National Park</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE7E2F99CFE87F9DE" box="[217,323,1639,1664]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="37.75">37.75° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E9FA9FFB0455DE674F99CFE0FF921" box="[335,459,1639,1664]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" precision="555" value="-119.6">119.60° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, leg. P. Fuentes-Utrilla, 2010.0 2.0 5., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE4ACF993FBBFF921" box="[919,1147,1639,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE4ACF993FBBFF921" box="[919,1147,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. 22 females were reared from the collected galls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB0455CE7FCF954FF0CFE0C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB0455CE7FCF954FBC8FF59" blockId="6.[151,1437,1351,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE7FCF954FEF8F969" bold="true" box="[199,316,1711,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The metasoma of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE52EF94BFD6EF969" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[533,682,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE52EF94BFD6EF969" box="[533,682,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">P. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies in coloration, with reddish brown and dark chestnut brown forms. However, both color variants can be found among females reared from the same site, for example in our series from Irvine Lodge picnic area and Shiell Gulch campground.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFB0455DE494F90CFBA4F8B1" box="[943,1120,1783,1808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" refId="ref5318" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1922 b) Studies of some new and described Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 9 (53), 1 - 141." type="journal article">Kinsey (1922b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described two varieties:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE2BFF903FE7BF895" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="ukiahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE2BFF903FECBF895" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">A. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE672F8E0FE7BF895" box="[329,447,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">ukiahensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE53BF8E7FCE5F892" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[512,801,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE53BF8E7FD5CF895" box="[512,664,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">A. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE5E8F8E7FCE5F892" box="[723,801,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">incisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, types of which are deposited at the AMNH, NYC. We examined both: for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE643F8C4FD6EF8F9" box="[376,682,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="ukiahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE643F8C4FD6EF8F9" bold="true" box="[376,682,1855,1880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE643F8C4FE2BF8F9" bold="true" box="[376,495,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE515F8C4FD6EF8F9" bold="true" box="[558,682,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">ukiahensis</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—female labeled as ”Ukiah, Cal., Gall
|
||
<date id="FFB4DFAEFFB0455DE355F8BBFB0EF8F9" box="[1134,1226,1856,1880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" value="20-03-14">3.14.20</date>
|
||
.”, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE3CAF8BBFF22F8DD" authority=", Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE3CAF8BBFA50F8F9" box="[1265,1428,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
, Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coll.”, red ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE64FF89FFDCEF8DD" box="[372,522,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ukiahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE64FF89FFDCEF8DD" box="[372,522,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">A. ukiahensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holo- COTYPE” and seven female paratypes in the general collection with the same labels as the holotype; for
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE51DF87CFC96F801" bold="true" box="[550,850,1927,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE51DF87CFCF2F83E" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[550,822,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE51DF87CFD59F801" bold="true" box="[550,669,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE5DEF87CFCF2F83E" bold="true" box="[741,822,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">incisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female labeled as ”Placerville,
|
||
<date id="FFB4DFAEFFB0455DE3FCF873FADAF801" box="[1223,1310,1928,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" value="1920-03-30">3.30.20</date>
|
||
. Cal., gall
|
||
<date id="FFB4DFAEFFB0455DE7ACF857FF37F865" box="[151,243,1964,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" value="20-03-30">3.30.20</date>
|
||
.”, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE627F857FDE7F865" authority=", Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[284,547,1963,1988]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE627F857FE06F865" box="[284,450,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
, Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coll.”, pink ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE5FDF857FCF2F862" box="[710,822,1964,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE5FDF857FCF2F862" box="[710,822,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">A. incisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holo-COTYPE” and seven female paratypes in the general collection with the same labels as the holotype. Kinsey’s varieties,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455DE4D7F834FB2FF846" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[1004,1259,1999,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE4D7F834FBA0F849" box="[1004,1124,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE3A6F82BFB2FF846" box="[1181,1259,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">incisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB0455CE21FF834FEF9FF11" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="ukiahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB0455DE21FF834FA58F849" box="[1316,1436,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7FCFF6CFEF9FF11" box="[199,317,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">ukiahensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE6F7FF6CFD80FF11" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[460,580,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE6F7FF6CFD80FF11" box="[460,580,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only by the reddish brown metasoma, otherwise the morphology is the same as that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE62CFF47FE78FF74" box="[279,444,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE62CFF47FE7CFF74" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[279,440,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">A. spectabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE52EFF47FBFCFF75" authority="Kinsey, 1922" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[533,1080,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE52EFF47FCC4FF74" box="[533,768,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Andricus spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE478FF46FC55FF75" box="[835,913,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">incisus</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE340FF47FEC9FF59" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spectabilis" variety="ukiahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE340FF47FAA1FF74" box="[1147,1381,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Andricus spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7ACFF24FEC9FF59" box="[151,269,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">ukiahensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE606FF24FE6AFF59" bold="true" box="[317,430,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">syn. nova</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE6E8FF24FC46FF59" authority="(Kinsey)" authorityName="Nicholls & Stone & Melika" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[467,898,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Protobalandricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE6E8FF24FCD2FF59" box="[467,790,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Protobalandricus spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D9807FFB1455CE4B6FF24FBC8FF59" box="[909,1036,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE4B6FF24FBC8FF59" bold="true" box="[909,1036,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">new comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB1455CE7FCFEFFFF0CFE0C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7FCFEFFFF3FFEBC" bold="true" box="[199,251,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331E5EBFFB1455CE637FEFFFE56FEBC" box="[268,402,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,513,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,483,1540]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Protobalandricus spectabilis: 12–14, metasoma, female: 12, general, lateral view, 13, part, lateral view, 14, ventral spine of hypopygium, ventral view. 15–16, gall (photos by J. Nicholls): 15, fresh mature gall, 16, previous year’s gall with emergence holes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440085/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Figs 15–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elongated multilocular stem swelling gall, oval to spindle-shaped,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF2548BFFB1455CE389FEFFFAC0FEBD" box="[1202,1284,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF2548BFFB1455CE7ACFEDCFED9FE9E" box="[151,285,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="77.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="55.0">55–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, surface covered by bark with the same colour and texture as the bark of twigs. While growing the gall tissues have the texture of firm cheese and can easily be cut; when mature, the gall is woody and hard internally. Larval chambers are
|
||
<quantity id="4CF2548BFFB1455CE6C4FE8BFD86FE26" box="[511,578,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF2548BFFB1455CE421FE94FC99FE26" box="[794,861,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and usually located towards the center of the gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB1455CE7FCFE4CFAC5FDB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB1455CE7FCFE4CFAC5FDB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7FCFE4CFEE3FE71" bold="true" box="[199,295,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the asexual generation is known. The gall was previously known only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE205FE43FED3FE54" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE205FE43FED3FE54" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We also collected this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE58BFE26FBC3FE54" authority="Kellogg. Galls" authorityName="Kellogg. Galls" box="[688,1031,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vacciniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE58BFE26FC9AFE54" box="[688,862,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Q. vacciniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Kellogg. Galls
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
develop in late summer/autumn and are mature by October-November. Adults overwinter in the galls and emerge in the following spring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB1455CE7FCFDDFFEE9FD51" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB1455CE7FCFDDFFEE9FD51" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7FCFDDFFE9DFD9C" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Currently known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE590FDDFFCD8FD9C" box="[683,796,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB1455CE41FFDDFFCA4FD9D" box="[804,864,548,572]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFB1455CE332FDDFFAF1FD9D" box="[1033,1333,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" refId="ref5219" refString="Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D. G. (1998) World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 408 pp." type="book">Govaerts & Frodin (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE7EDFDB3FEBCFDC1" box="[214,376,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7EDFDB3FEBCFDC1" box="[214,376,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB1455CE51CFDB3FD9BFDC1" box="[551,607,584,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE5BFFDBCFD3DFDC1" box="[644,761,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE45AFDB3FC7CFDC1" box="[865,952,584,608]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE4FFFDBCFBE5FDC1" box="[964,1057,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE34BFDBCFB0CFDC1" box="[1136,1224,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE238FDB3FA5CFDC1" box="[1283,1432,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE204FDBCFA5CFDC1" box="[1343,1432,583,608]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB1455CE204FDBCFA5CFDC1" box="[1343,1432,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE7D3FD97FEF9FD24" box="[232,317,620,645]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DB9FEFFB1455CE7D3FD97FEF9FD24" box="[232,317,620,645]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
it is recorded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE51DFD97FD11FD24" box="[550,725,620,645]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE558FD97FD11FD24" box="[611,725,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
and NW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE47CFD97FC00FD24" box="[839,964,620,645]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The other host plant,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE3F3FD96FA44FD24" box="[1224,1408,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE3F3FD96FAB8FD24" box="[1224,1404,620,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vacciniifolia">Q. vacciniifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE7C7FD74FEB5FD09" box="[252,369,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE523FD6BFDA8FD09" box="[536,620,656,680]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE43AFD74FC9EFD09" box="[769,858,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
. During
|
||
<date id="FFB4DFAEFFB1455CE487FD6BFBF1FD09" box="[956,1077,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" value="2007" valueMax="2009">2007-2009</date>
|
||
the authors sampled many sites across
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE7DFFD4FFE92FD6C" box="[228,342,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE6B7FD4FFE22FD6C" box="[396,486,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
where one or other of the host plants were present, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE36EFD4EFB2CFD6C" authorityName="Nicholls & Stone & Melika" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1109,1256,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Protobalandricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE36EFD4EFB2CFD6C" box="[1109,1256,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">P. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFB1455CE78FFD2CFEEEFD51" box="[180,298,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF75A9E6FFB1455CE7ACF8CDFE2CF828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440089/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" startId="7.[151,264,1846,1868]" targetBox="[165,1411,812,1797]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB1455CE7ACF8CDFE2CF828" blockId="7.[151,1436,1846,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7ACF8CDFE93F8ED" bold="true" box="[151,343,1846,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">FIGURES 23–29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFB1455CE65BF8CDFD48F8ED" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[352,652,1846,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuscalifornicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE65BF8CDFD48F8ED" box="[352,652,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Andricus quercuscalifornicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual female: 23–24, head: 23, frontal view, 24, posterior view. 25–27, mesosoma: 25, dorsal view, 26, dorsal view, anterior part, 27, lateral view. 28, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 29, metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310AAE5FFB14553E7FCF84EFCB1FD9C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5F96EFFB14553E7FCF84EFCB1FD9C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1973,2035]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFB1455CE7FCF84EFE8BF86F" bold="true" box="[199,335,1973,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Within-species variation in cytb is high, with sequences clustering into two mitochondrial lineages that show limited diversity within lineages (0% and 0.9% among three and four individuals per lineage respectively), but a divergence of 10.4-10.9% between individuals from different lineages. This variation is much higher than that typically seen within cynipid species (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFBE4553E413FF47FBC3FF75" box="[808,1031,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" refId="ref6250" refString="Nicholls, J. A., Challis, R. J., Mutun, S. & Stone, G. N. (2012) Mitochondrial barcodes are diagnostic of shared refugia but not species in hybridising oak gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 21, 4051 - 4062. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2012.05683. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Nicholls
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFBE4553E4B5FF46FC7BFF74" box="[910,959,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFBE4553E328FF46FB13FF74" box="[1043,1239,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" refId="ref7048" refString="Tang, C-T., Miko, I., Nicholls, J. A., Schweger, S., Yang, M-M., Stone, G. N., Sinclair, F., Bozso, M., Melika, G. & Penzes, Z. (2016 a) New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 53, 77 - 162." type="journal article">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFBE4553E36AFF46FB47FF74" box="[1105,1155,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFBE4553E3D9FF47FAEAFF74" box="[1250,1326,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" refId="ref7140" refString="Tang, C-T., Sinclair, F., Hearn, J., Yang, M-M., Stone, G. N., Nicholls, J. A., Schweger, S. & Melika, G. (2016 b) Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 4088, 451 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4088.4.1" type="journal article">2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two cytb lineages do not correspond to the observed morphological variation in the colour of the metasoma; instead the mitochondrial lineages are spatially structured, with one lineage sampled only from Los Padres National Forest in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFBE4553E63EFEDCFEBEFEE1" box="[261,378,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the other from sites in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE378CFFBE4553E469FEDCFC03FEE1" box="[850,967,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However, this deep divergence in the mitochondrial data is not reflected in the nuclear ITS2 data, with only limited variation apparent among the seven sequences obtained (3 variable sites out of 606 base pairs, 0.5%), consistent with expected within-species diversity at this locus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B849FFFBE4553E601FE6FFDE9FE0D" box="[314,557,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" refId="ref6250" refString="Nicholls, J. A., Challis, R. J., Mutun, S. & Stone, G. N. (2012) Mitochondrial barcodes are diagnostic of shared refugia but not species in hybridising oak gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 21, 4051 - 4062. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2012.05683. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Nicholls
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFBE4553E69CFE6EFE18FE0C" box="[423,476,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although limited, the variation in ITS
|
||
<date id="FFB4DFAEFFBE4553E33CFE6FFB94FE0C" box="[1031,1104,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">2 may</date>
|
||
also possibly reflect spatial structure, with two variable sites separating the sample from Yosemite National Park from the other samples, and one variable site separating the southern Californian samples from the remainder. These genetic results indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A82EDFFBE4553E7F0FDFAFEA6FDB9" authorityName="Nicholls & Stone & Melika" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[203,354,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Protobalandricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E257CFFBE4553E7F0FDFAFEA6FDB9" box="[203,354,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">P. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a single coherent species that nevertheless shows significant population structure, perhaps reflecting refugial structure from Pleistocene climate oscillations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |