214 lines
24 KiB
XML
214 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="2D5F2D85C5CF9DEC03DE7F0BB61D98CB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909109" ID-ZooBank="325DB7EF-94F7-4726-BC18-7B074D3CB886" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593158469765" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jones, Christian M., Driggers Iii, William B., Hannan, Kristin M., Hoffmayer, Eric R., Jones, Lisa M. & Raredon, Sandra J." docDate="2020" docId="0391567A6672FFC2FF0B06396B269CDD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinoptera bonasus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="301" masterDocId="FFA82E026666FFD6FF9C0710685E9811" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea" masterLastPageNumber="315" masterPageNumber="281" pageNumber="301" updateTime="1700277151863" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="04C9C7F35C0630C46D0B74B7DA6EE42F">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E105BCB93EB52E993011E579531B7D52">Jones, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="742BFC74F99A4D159E068758F21174FA">National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8CC26CE353102621691917AB67C55890">Driggers Iii, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="ECF7C6EECBFFC81B35595C2D0AA94184">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D37A37AF3EEB7A2E1A27E6009EE1EF3F">Hannan, Kristin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="64B67A7F33EA37F17A3EB0636DD1EA5A">Riverside Technologies Inc., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A. kristin. hannan @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2687 - 3331</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="902FF038843B24055BCD240AF36F7B83">Hoffmayer, Eric R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C035DB1DD6B0D67FF1B55D542A8A0EA">Jones, Lisa M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BBFAB81F31EE40390FFD22E985B5FB9D">Raredon, Sandra J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C8BB6A5C51C850F12442A04BE6DEF02">Smithsonian Institution, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, U. S. A. raredons @ si. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8295 - 6000</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="27FB1AF28CF03A419B8F7801531F354F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F67541E33FD6861560AC323DC2EE28AF">
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<mods:date id="B5150D97E71F773E159DDEEB24847B38">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E37D4849D194DCFED470179CCB0F5FF">2020-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="945BAEE07D02794EC53E97ABC0365153">4803</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="24083B23FFBFED6B420383CA4150375B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25028F2DECA3461C8018F39A4345136C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0391567A6672FFC2FF0B06396B269CDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391567A6672FFC2FF0B06396B269CDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391567A6672FFC2FF0B06396B269CDD" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B063969549997" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B06396C6C9955" blockId="20.[151,1074,297,324]" box="[151,1074,297,324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="D0CF50006672FFC2FF0B06396C6C9955" bold="true" box="[151,1074,297,324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B06396C6C9955" bold="true" box="[151,1074,297,324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B06396A0E9952" authority="(Mitchill, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Mitchill" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[151,592,297,324]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasus">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B063969D49955" bold="true" box="[151,394,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera bonasus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FE0606396A169952" author="Mitchill, S. L." box="[410,584,297,323]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="355 - 492" refId="ref19208" refString="Mitchill, S. L. (1815) The fishes of New York described and arranged. Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York, 1, 355 - 492." type="journal article" year="1815">Mitchill, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—cownose ray, American cownose ray
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B067E69549997" blockId="20.[151,570,366,543]" box="[151,266,366,390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Synonyms:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B069C6A6499B5" box="[151,570,396,421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B069C6A6499B5" blockId="20.[151,570,366,543]" box="[151,570,396,421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B069C695799B5" box="[151,265,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Myliorhina</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FE93069C6A6499B5" authority="(Valenciennes, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[271,570,396,421]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalandii">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FE93069C690099B5" box="[271,350,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">lalandii</emphasis>
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(Valenciennes, 1841)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B06BC698B99F3" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B06BC69E699D2" blockId="20.[151,570,366,543]" box="[151,440,426,451]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B06BC69E699D2" authority="Mitchill, 1815" authorityName="Mitchill" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,440,426,451]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasus">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B06BC697E99D2" box="[151,288,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Raja bonasus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FEBB06BA69E699D2" author="Mitchill, S. L." box="[295,440,426,451]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="355 - 492" refId="ref19208" refString="Mitchill, S. L. (1815) The fishes of New York described and arranged. Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York, 1, 355 - 492." type="journal article" year="1815">Mitchill, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B06DA698B99F3" blockId="20.[151,570,366,543]" box="[151,469,458,482]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B06DA698B99F3" authority="Lesueur, 1817" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,469,458,482]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadriloba">
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||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B06DA696099F3" box="[151,318,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Raja quadriloba</emphasis>
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Lesueur, 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B06F86A799A0E" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B06F86A749A11" blockId="20.[151,570,366,543]" box="[151,554,488,513]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B06F86A749A11" authority="Valenciennes, 1841" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,554,488,513]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalandii">
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||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B06F869019A11" box="[151,351,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera lalandii</emphasis>
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Valenciennes, 1841
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B05176A799A0E" blockId="20.[151,570,366,543]" box="[151,551,519,543]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B05176A799A0E" authority="(Lesueur, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Lesueur" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[151,551,519,543]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadriloba">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B051769DF9A0E" box="[151,385,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera quadriloba</emphasis>
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(Lesueur, 1817)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B055D6AC39B72" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B055D6A609AE6" blockId="20.[151,1437,589,1228]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B055D696F9A79" bold="true" box="[151,305,589,616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species occurs throughout the northern GOM in shallow waters, including bays and estuaries. Although it can be found from the Texas/
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6672FFC2FDFC05616AEB9A9A" box="[608,693,625,651]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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border to southern Florida, there is some evidence that this species may be more prevalent in the northeastern than in the northwestern GOM (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FC4A05856CC99ABE" author="Jones, C. M. & Hoffmayer, E. R. & Hendon, J. M. & Quattro, J. M. & Lewandowski, J. & Roberts, M. A. & Poulakis, G. R. & Ajemian, M. J. & Driggers, W. B. & de Carvalho, M. R. & Rego, M. G. & Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F." box="[982,1175,661,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="499 - 514" refId="ref18195" refString="Jones, C. M., Hoffmayer, E. R., Hendon, J. M., Quattro, J. M., Lewandowski, J., Roberts, M. A., Poulakis, G. R., Ajemian, M. J., Driggers, W. B., de Carvalho, M. R., Rego, M. G., Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F. (2017) Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 499 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.4.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FB8005866C0A9ABE" box="[1052,1108,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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). This species regularly occurs from close to shore out to waters
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<quantity id="4CC04A896672FFC2FDFE05A96AC29AC5" box="[610,668,697,724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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in depth, although NMFS SEFSC trawl surveys have captured individuals in waters up to
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<quantity id="4CC04A896672FFC2FE0005CD698B9AE9" box="[412,469,733,760]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" unit="m" value="96.0">96 m</quantity>
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in depth.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF5B04116AC39B72" blockId="20.[151,1437,589,1228]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF5B041169919B0D" bold="true" box="[199,463,769,796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">First Record in GOM.</emphasis>
|
||
The first record of this species occurring in the northern
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<materialsCitation id="3B50ED316672FFC2FBD904116AC79B72" collectingDate="1887" collectingDateMax="1889" collectingDateMin="1887" collectionCode="GOM" collectorName="Silas Stearns" location="Pensacola" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="USNM 21221" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
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<collectionCode id="ED297FA96672FFC2FBD904116CD89B0A" box="[1093,1158,769,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">GOM</collectionCode>
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is a report by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FABF0411697C9B2E" author="Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H." pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="121 - 156" refId="ref17474" refString="Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H. (1879) Catalogue of a collection of fishes sent from Pensacola, Florida, and vicinity, by Mr. Silas Stearns, with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2 (74), 121 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.2 - 74.121" type="journal article" year="1879">Goode and Bean (1879)</bibRefCitation>
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||
of a single specimen (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9E4F176672FFC2FD8204356A9F9B2E" box="[542,705,805,831]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="Museum">USNM 21221</specimenCode>
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||
, verified by first author) collected by
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||
<collectorName id="26CD82BA6672FFC2FBF504356CA69B2E" box="[1129,1272,805,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Silas Stearns</collectorName>
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between
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<collectingDate id="EFC238446672FFC2FAF8043568A19B72" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" value="1887" valueMax="1889">
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1887 and
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</collectingDate>
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in the vicinity of
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||
<location id="8EE7B1B76672FFC2FE5B04596A649B72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391567A6672FFC2FF0B06396B269CDD:8EE7B1B76672FFC2FE5B04596A649B72" box="[455,570,841,867]" name="Pensacola" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Florida">Pensacola</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FC298E6672FFC2FDD804596AC79B72" box="[580,665,841,867]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF5B047E6B269CDD" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF5B047E6C749C92" blockId="20.[151,1437,589,1228]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF5B047E69659B99" bold="true" box="[199,315,878,904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Recent studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FE63047D6A829B96" author="Naylor, G. J. P. & Caira, J. N. & Jensen, K. & Rosana, K. A. M. & White, W. T. & Last, P. R." box="[511,732,877,904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19315" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012) A DNA sequence based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262, 102 figs., 5 tbs. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 754.1" type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Naylor
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FDC6047E6AD19B96" box="[602,655,877,903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FD77047E6BE89B96" author="Jones, C. M. & Hoffmayer, E. R. & Hendon, J. M. & Quattro, J. M. & Lewandowski, J. & Roberts, M. A. & Poulakis, G. R. & Ajemian, M. J. & Driggers, W. B. & de Carvalho, M. R. & Rego, M. G. & Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F." box="[747,950,877,904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="499 - 514" refId="ref18195" refString="Jones, C. M., Hoffmayer, E. R., Hendon, J. M., Quattro, J. M., Lewandowski, J., Roberts, M. A., Poulakis, G. R., Ajemian, M. J., Driggers, W. B., de Carvalho, M. R., Rego, M. G., Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F. (2017) Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 499 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.4.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FCA9047E6B2F9B96" box="[821,881,877,903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have indicated the presence of a second rhinopterid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FEE004816B7C9BBA" authority="Muller, 1836" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[380,802,913,939]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FEE004816ADA9BBA" box="[380,644,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
Müller, 1836
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the northern GOM (see below). The two species are morphologically very similar and therefore difficult to differentiate without detailed examination and/or genetic verification. It is likely, based upon historic reports (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FD7204C96C639BE5" author="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C." box="[750,1085,985,1012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref15696" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. Chimaeroids. In: Tee-Van, J., Breder, C. M., Hildebrand, S. F., Parr, A. E. & Schroeder, W. C. (Eds.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part 2. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., New Haven, pp. 1 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctvbcd 0 f 3.5" type="book chapter" year="1953">Bigelow and Schroeder 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FBD404CA6D029BE2" author="Acero, A. P. & Garzon, J. F." box="[1096,1372,985,1012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="9 - 11" refId="ref15293" refString="Acero, A. P. & Garzon, J. F. (1982) On an interesting specimen of cow nose ray (Pisces: Rhinopteridae) from the colombian Caribbean. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 31 (2), 9 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241982000200003" type="journal article" year="1982">Acero and Garzon 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FAF504C969D19C09" author="Isais, M. G. & Dominguez, H. M. M." pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="947 - 948" refId="ref18112" refString="Isais, M. G. & Dominguez, H. M. M. (1996) First record of Rhinoptera brasiliensis (Batoidei: Rhinopteridae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44 (2 B), 947 - 948." type="journal article" year="1996">Isaís and Dominguez 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FE4A04ED6A839C06" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[470,733,1021,1047]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FE4A04ED6A839C06" box="[470,733,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been present in the northern GOM for several decades, if not longer, bringing into question the validity of reports and research focusing on this species without confirming species identity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FECF03556A489C4E" author="Jones, C. M. & Hoffmayer, E. R. & Hendon, J. M. & Quattro, J. M. & Lewandowski, J. & Roberts, M. A. & Poulakis, G. R. & Ajemian, M. J. & Driggers, W. B. & de Carvalho, M. R. & Rego, M. G. & Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F." box="[339,534,1093,1119]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="499 - 514" refId="ref18195" refString="Jones, C. M., Hoffmayer, E. R., Hendon, J. M., Quattro, J. M., Lewandowski, J., Roberts, M. A., Poulakis, G. R., Ajemian, M. J., Driggers, W. B., de Carvalho, M. R., Rego, M. G., Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F. (2017) Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 499 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.4.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FE060356698C9C4E" box="[410,466,1093,1119]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Care should be taken in applying the results of research focused on this species in the northern GOM until species-specific results can be obtained and compared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF5B039D6B269CDD" blockId="20.[151,1437,589,1228]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF5B039D699F9CB9" bold="true" box="[199,449,1165,1192]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
Near Threatened, although this status will likely change given the recent identification of a congener co-occurring throughout most of the species’ range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |