538 lines
56 KiB
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538 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4324279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e45c62a0-c7a0-452c-b33e-c2879edc71b2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170674515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4324279" ID-ZooBank="http://zoobank.org/feb0debf-8e3a-464a-b4f0-d2c85bb7f477" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4D8CE6F-6A7E-4EDC-8729-9CC02A59BF01" approvalRequired="24" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="21" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1607071566923" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2020" docId="03D92E75214E6D35BA201074FDE07F8E" docLanguage="en" docName="bishopMuseumOccasionalPapers.139.pdf" docOrigin="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 139" docTitle="Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E4D8CE6F-6A7E-4EDC-8729-9CC02A59BF01" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFE0560D214A6D3CBB491365FFFE7D1E" masterDocTitle="Vladelektra, an enigmatic new genus of killer fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae: incertae sedis) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber." masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1643440982251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vladelektra, an enigmatic new genus of killer fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae: incertae sedis) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology, Bernice Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 - 2704, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">NealE@bishopmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bishop Museum Occasional Papers</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-11-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>139</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>9</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e45c62a0-c7a0-452c-b33e-c2879edc71b2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4305528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">http://zoobank.org/feb0debf-8e3a-464a-b4f0-d2c85bb7f477</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4324279" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170674515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4324279" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4D8CE6F-6A7E-4EDC-8729-9CC02A59BF01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D92E75214E6D35BA201074FDE07F8E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection box="[361,791,785,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,785,974]" box="[361,791,785,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<heading bold="true" box="[361,791,785,807]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[361,700,785,807]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[361,700,785,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[361,598,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Vladelektra blagoderovi</emphasis>
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Evenhuis
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[712,791,785,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" rank="species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,735,785,806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">sp</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[748,785,785,806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[529,623,814,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,785,974]" box="[529,623,814,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[536,616,814,834]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[148,178,883,902]" captionStartId-1="4.[148,178,696,715]" captionStartId-2="5.[152,182,595,614]" captionStartId-3="5.[149,179,1032,1051]" captionStartId-4="6.[149,179,1445,1464]" captionStartId-5="7.[147,177,629,648]" captionStartId-6="8.[149,179,1040,1059]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1004,192,871]" captionTargetBox-1="[147,1004,192,681]" captionTargetBox-2="[147,992,192,579]" captionTargetBox-3="[162,981,688,997]" captionTargetBox-4="[165,898,195,1404]" captionTargetBox-5="[144,1007,192,613]" captionTargetBox-6="[179,928,195,1025]" captionTargetId-0="figure-990@3.[144,1004,192,871]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1527@4.[147,1004,192,681]" captionTargetId-2="figure-875@5.[147,571,192,579]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1044@5.[149,995,677,1032]" captionTargetId-4="figure-47@6.[227,906,536,858]" captionTargetId-5="figure-1888@7.[144,1007,192,613]" captionTargetId-6="figure-1030@8.[160,956,192,1047]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Amber piece containing type specimens of Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, gen. nov. et sp. nov. Abbreviations: H = holotype male; P = paratype female." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., a. male holotype and female paratype in situ. b. male paratype in situ." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., lower portion of male head showing palpi and eye divided into upper and lower ommatidia. a. in situ. b. illustration to clarify structures." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., antennae: male above, female below, both to scale. Abbreviations: I = flagellomere I; pe = pedicel." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., male wing. a. in situ. b. illustration to clarify venation. c. detail of wing base showing effaced veins." captionText-5="Fig. 6. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., female wing showing effaced medial vein and lack of vein R2+3." captionText-6="Fig. 7. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., male genitalia. Abbreviations: ep = epandrium; gx - gonocoxa; gs = gonostylus; ta = tergal apodeme." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305530" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305534" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305536" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305538" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305540" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305542" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305544" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4305530/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4305534/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4305536/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4305538/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4305540/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4305542/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4305544/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,785,974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,282,852,872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2988946301" collectionCode="BPMENT" country="Myanmar" location="Other" municipality="Hukawng Valley" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="BPMENT 0000016436" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[300,379,852,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male (BPBMENT 0000016434) and
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<typeStatus box="[739,812,853,872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">paratype</typeStatus>
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female (BPBMENT 0000016435) from
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<collectingCountry box="[318,429,878,897]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">MYANMAR</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion box="[444,557,878,897]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality box="[571,716,878,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Hukawng Valley</collectingMunicipality>
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in the same amber piece.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92E75214E6D35BA201074FDE07F8E:8EAFC9B8214E6D38B8F5100BFC107E9F" box="[956,1006,878,897]" country="Myanmar" municipality="Hukawng Valley" name="Other" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Kachin">Other</location>
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<typeStatus box="[147,223,904,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: a separate amber piece with male (
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<specimenCode box="[532,731,904,923]" collectionCode="BPMENT" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">BPMENT 0000016436</specimenCode>
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) from same locality. The amber pieces containing the
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<typeStatus box="[340,415,929,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus box="[461,543,930,949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are deposited in the entomological collection of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,1003,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,571,1003,1025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Etymology of genus and species epithets</emphasis>
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. The generic (combining
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<emphasis box="[831,876,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Vlad</emphasis>
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+ the Greek ^λέκτρα
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<emphasis box="[243,324,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">“elektra</emphasis>
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” = “amber”) and specific names honor my good friend and colleague Vladimir Blagoderov for his significant contributions to fossil dipterology and for increasing our knowledge of Sciaroidea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[147,386,1140,1163]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[147,386,1140,1163]" box="[147,386,1140,1163]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,246,1140,1162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. As for genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[146,1005,1195,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,266,1195,1217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[278,330,1195,1216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Male</emphasis>
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. Based on two specimens, each with head, legs and abdomen cleared internally. Lengths: Body:
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<quantity box="[421,542,1225,1246]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.3 mm</quantity>
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; wing:
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<quantity box="[627,747,1224,1246]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
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. (Habitus
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<figureCitation box="[860,922,1224,1246]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[148,178,696,715]" captionTargetBox="[147,1004,192,681]" captionTargetId="figure-1527@4.[147,1004,192,681]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., a. male holotype and female paratype in situ. b. male paratype in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305534/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis box="[947,999,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Head</emphasis>
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. Occiput and frons pale brown. Face and clypeus dark brown. Eyes without inter-ommatidial setae; facets of two sizes, upper half of eye with larger ommatidia than lower half. Ocelli not discernable due to opacity of head capsule. Palp (
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<figureCitation box="[719,775,1312,1334]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[152,182,595,614]" captionTargetBox="[147,992,192,579]" captionTargetId="figure-875@5.[147,571,192,579]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., lower portion of male head showing palpi and eye divided into upper and lower ommatidia. a. in situ. b. illustration to clarify structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305536/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) moniliform, three-segmented, each segment lozenge-shaped, subequal in length, apicalmost segment setose on apical half, with subapical palpal pit. Antennae (
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<figureCitation box="[608,663,1371,1393]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[149,179,1032,1051]" captionTargetBox="[162,981,688,997]" captionTargetId="figure-1044@5.[149,995,677,1032]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., antennae: male above, female below, both to scale. Abbreviations: I = flagellomere I; pe = pedicel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305538/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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): brown, scape and pedicel discoid. Flagellum: 14 segments; segments 1–4 cylindrical, ca. two times longer than wide; segments 5–14 length subequal to width; terminal segment (14) subconical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[146,1005,1195,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis box="[194,263,1459,1480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Dark brown. Notum with sparse long hairs irregularly arranged. Scutellum with long hairs at apex. Pleura brownish black (vestiture not viewable). Halter stem pale brown, knob brown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4305536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[152,182,595,614]" targetBox="[147,992,192,579]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[152,1006,543,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,205,595,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[216,511,595,614]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[216,425,595,614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Vladelektra blagoderovi</emphasis>
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Evenhuis
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[523,590,595,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, lower portion of male head showing palpi and eye divided into upper and lower ommatidia.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[544,555,621,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">a</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[566,620,621,639]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">in situ</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[631,643,621,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">b</emphasis>
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. illustration to clarify structures.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4305538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305538/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[149,179,1032,1051]" targetBox="[162,981,688,997]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[149,1006,1032,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,203,1032,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[216,513,1032,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[216,426,1032,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Vladelektra blagoderovi</emphasis>
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Evenhuis
|
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[527,595,1033,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, antennae: male above, female below, both to scale. Abbreviations: I = flagellomere I; pe = pedicel.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[147,1006,1131,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis box="[195,240,1132,1153]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Legs</emphasis>
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. Brown. Coxae long, all same length. Hind femur with yellow color basoventrally and thin yellow stripe ventrally on basal two-thirds. Tibiae with trichia not arranged in rows. Tibial spurs long: 1: 2: 2. Tibial length 1.25 times femoral length; basitarsus length 1/2 length of tibia. Tarsi shorter than body length. Claws minute.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[147,1006,1131,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis box="[195,244,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[258,314,1248,1270]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[149,179,1445,1464]" captionTargetBox="[165,898,195,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-47@6.[227,906,536,858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., male wing. a. in situ. b. illustration to clarify venation. c. detail of wing base showing effaced veins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305540/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Hyaline. Costa with minute spicules along entire length; microchaetae on
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<collectionCode box="[176,192,1278,1299]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
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<subScript attach="left" box="[191,200,1288,1305]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
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, all other veins bare. Costa ends beyond end of
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<collectionCode box="[647,663,1278,1299]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[663,691,1287,1305]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">4+5</subScript>
|
||
two-thirds distance to end of M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[990,999,1288,1305]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
|
||
. Sc incomplete.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[292,308,1307,1328]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[308,336,1317,1334]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2+3</subScript>
|
||
ending in C two-thirds distance from end of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[758,774,1307,1328]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[774,783,1317,1334]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
|
||
to end of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[878,894,1307,1328]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[894,922,1317,1334]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">4+5</subScript>
|
||
. Base of M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[168,177,1346,1363]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[250,259,1346,1363]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2</subScript>
|
||
effaced, junction of M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[487,496,1346,1363]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[570,579,1346,1363]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2</subScript>
|
||
faintly evident. M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[763,772,1346,1363]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">4</subScript>
|
||
effaced at base, curved downward on apical fourth. CuA complete, curved downward at apical one-fourth. CuP absent. Alula reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[147,1006,1131,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,291,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Brown with spot of yellow at posterolateral corner of each tergite. Long, thin, slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, with sparse hairs dorsally, laterally, and ventrolaterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4305540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305540/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[149,179,1445,1464]" targetBox="[165,898,195,1404]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[149,1006,1445,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,203,1445,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[215,511,1446,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[215,424,1446,1465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Vladelektra blagoderovi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[524,592,1446,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male wing.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[709,720,1446,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[733,788,1446,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[801,818,1446,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">b.</emphasis>
|
||
illustration to clarify venation.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,243,1471,1490]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">c</emphasis>
|
||
. detail of wing base showing effaced veins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4305542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[147,177,629,648]" targetBox="[144,1007,192,613]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,987,629,678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,198,629,649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[209,502,630,649]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[209,417,630,649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vladelektra blagoderovi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[514,579,630,649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, female wing showing effaced medial vein and lack of vein R
|
||
<subScript attach="right" box="[269,294,664,678]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">2+3</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,732,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[298,355,732,754]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[149,179,1040,1059]" captionTargetBox="[179,928,195,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-1030@8.[160,956,192,1047]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., male genitalia. Abbreviations: ep = epandrium; gx - gonocoxa; gs = gonostylus; ta = tergal apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) Gonocoxa linear-conical, long, thin. Gonostylus long, thin, tapering to darkly sclerotized bifid apical one-fifth, with short setae along dorsal surface, other short setae subapically on ventral surface. Tergal apodeme short, narrow, slightly flared basally. Epandrium subquadrate, slightly tapered to apex, ca. two times longer than basal width, with rounded apex, and patch of minute villi on apical fifth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,732,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,268,879,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. As in male except lack of vein
|
||
<collectionCode box="[572,588,879,900]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[588,616,889,906]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">2+3</subScript>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[660,716,879,901]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[147,177,629,648]" captionTargetBox="[144,1007,192,613]" captionTargetId="figure-1888@7.[144,1007,192,613]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., female wing showing effaced medial vein and lack of vein R2+3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) and shorter antennae (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[149,179,1032,1051]" captionTargetBox="[162,981,688,997]" captionTargetId="figure-1044@5.[149,995,677,1032]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., antennae: male above, female below, both to scale. Abbreviations: I = flagellomere I; pe = pedicel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal connection of veins M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[449,458,918,935]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[526,535,918,935]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">2</subScript>
|
||
not effaced; vein M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[727,736,918,935]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
||
not reaching wing margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,732,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,288,938,959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The close proximity of the tips of the abdomens of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[828,912,938,960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male and
|
||
<typeStatus box="[147,230,967,988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female lead to the possibility that they became trapped while
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,918,967,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">in copula</emphasis>
|
||
and separated during their struggle to escape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,1055,1530]" box="[503,650,1055,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[503,650,1055,1077]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[503,650,1055,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,1055,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[147,257,1093,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,257,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
intriguingly exhibits features of both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[616,737,1093,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.) (wing venation) and the former
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1925" box="[251,406,1122,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Lygistorrhinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lygistorrhinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
[now a subfamily within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[647,768,1122,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[781,824,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">teste</emphasis>
|
||
Matic
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,931,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020)] (male genitalia with tergal apodeme). Although lacking a well developed proboscis as in many lygistorrhinids (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Matile, 1990" authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1990" box="[354,565,1181,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Lygistorrhinidae" genus="Seguyola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,440,1181,1202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Seguyola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matile, L." box="[446,565,1181,1203]" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 682" part="148" refId="ref3199" refString="Matile, L. 1990. Recherches sur la systematique et l'evolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Memoires de la Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris (Serie A) 148: 1 - 682." title="Recherches sur la systematique et l'evolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea)" type="journal article" year="1990">Matile, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks them) and possessing male genitalia reminiscent of many lygistorrhinids, especially in the presence of the tergal apodeme (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[147,203,1239,1261]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[147,177,629,648]" captionTargetBox="[144,1007,192,613]" captionTargetId="figure-1888@7.[144,1007,192,613]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., female wing showing effaced medial vein and lack of vein R2+3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), the wing venation with effaced basal portions of medial and cubital veins, and the presence of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[263,279,1269,1290]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[279,308,1279,1296]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
2+
|
||
<quantity box="[299,333,1269,1296]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
the male (although lacking in the female) would seem to better place
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[147,257,1298,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,257,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[328,449,1298,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.) for now. The radial-medial fusion (characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[147,268,1327,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that is not seen in this species could be there, but is not discernable due the effaced base of the medial veins. The dimorphism between males and females is most striking in the presence (males) or absence (females) of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[633,649,1387,1408]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[649,677,1396,1413]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">2+3</subScript>
|
||
and also evident in the differences in length of the antennae and in shape of the antennal flagellomeres (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[830,885,1415,1437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[149,179,1032,1051]" captionTargetBox="[162,981,688,997]" captionTargetId="figure-1044@5.[149,995,677,1032]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Vladelektra blagoderovi Evenhuis, sp. nov., antennae: male above, female below, both to scale. Abbreviations: I = flagellomere I; pe = pedicel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,1055,1530]" lastBlockId="8.[146,1006,1134,1537]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[269,393,1445,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.), the specimens appear similar in some respects to the extant Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Matile, 1974" authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1974" box="[336,590,1474,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Asynaphleba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[336,460,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Asynaphleba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matile, L." box="[467,590,1474,1496]" journalOrPublisher="South African Animal Life" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="511 - 532" part="15" refId="ref3137" refString="Matile, L. 1974. Diptera: Mycetophilidae Keroplatinae. South African Animal Life 15: 511 - 532." title="Diptera: Mycetophilidae Keroplatinae" type="journal article" year="1974">Matile, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both having 14-segmented flagellomeres; short
|
||
<collectionCode box="[201,217,1504,1525]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[217,246,1513,1530]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, and moniliform palpal segments). However, it is clearly not that genus based on the presence of CuP (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[476,588,1134,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[476,588,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[650,666,1134,1155]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[666,695,1144,1161]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2+3</subScript>
|
||
ending in C closer to the end of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,163,1163,1184]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[163,172,1173,1190]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
||
than
|
||
<collectionCode box="[226,242,1163,1184]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[242,271,1173,1190]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">4+5</subScript>
|
||
(ending closer to
|
||
<collectionCode box="[445,461,1163,1184]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[461,490,1173,1190]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
4+
|
||
<quantity box="[481,515,1163,1190]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[521,633,1163,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[521,633,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1974" box="[784,908,1163,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Asynaphleba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[784,908,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Asynaphleba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a distinct stem of M, base of M
|
||
<subScript attach="right" box="[406,415,1202,1219]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">4</subScript>
|
||
, and m-cu, all of which are effaced in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[791,903,1192,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[791,903,1192,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4305544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4305544/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[149,179,1040,1059]" targetBox="[179,928,195,1025]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[149,1005,1040,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,202,1040,1059]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[213,507,1040,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,421,1040,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vladelektra blagoderovi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[519,586,1041,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male genitalia. Abbreviations: ep = epandrium; gx - gonocoxa; gs = gonostylus; ta = tergal apodeme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[146,1006,1134,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Evenhuis, 2020" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[195,307,1222,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,307,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[315,404,1222,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is also similar to the keroplatine Papuan and Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Matile, 1981" authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Xenokeroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Xenokeroplatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matile, L." box="[252,374,1251,1273]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (Nouvelle Serie)" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="99 - 123" part="17" refId="ref3158" refString="Matile, L. 1981. Description d'un Keroplatidae du Cretace moyen et donnees morphologiques et taxinomiques sur les Mycetophiloidea (Diptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (Nouvelle Serie) 17: 99 - 123." title="Description d'un Keroplatidae du Cretace moyen et donnees morphologiques et taxinomiques sur les Mycetophiloidea (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Matile,
|
||
<quantity box="[326,399,1251,1273]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03174" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="1981.0">1981 in</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wing venation (especially effaced bases of medial vweins) and lacks vein CuP, which characterizes the latter genus among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[721,830,1280,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Keroplatini">Keroplatini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in those keys, but (besides having three instead of two palpal segments)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[678,790,1310,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[678,790,1310,1331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having legs much shorter (tarsi longer than body length in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1981" box="[593,743,1339,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Xenokeroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[593,743,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Xenokeroplatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), external tibial spurs present (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1981" box="[298,448,1368,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Xenokeroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[298,448,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Xenokeroplatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), shorter mediotergite (more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Xenokeroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Xenokeroplatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), male antennal flagellomeres more cylindrical (compressed and shorter in overall length in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1981" box="[245,395,1427,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Xenokeroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,395,1427,1448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Xenokeroplatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and distinctly different male genitalia with tergal apodeme present (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1981" box="[323,473,1456,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Xenokeroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[323,473,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Xenokeroplatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[146,1006,1134,1537]" lastBlockId="9.[147,1006,195,657]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blagoderov, V. A. & Arillo, A." box="[194,467,1486,1508]" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 40" part="9" refId="ref2837" refString="Blagoderov, V. A. & Arillo, A. 2002. New Sciaroidea (Insecta: Diptera) in Lower Cretaceous amber from Spain. Studia Dipterologica 9 (1): 31 - 40." title="New Sciaroidea (Insecta: Diptera) in Lower Cretaceous amber from Spain" type="journal article" year="2002">Blagoderov & Arillo (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a keroplatid,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Blagoderov & Arillo, 2002" authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[703,790,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Hegalari</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blagoderov, V. A. & Arillo, A." journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 40" part="9" refId="ref2837" refString="Blagoderov, V. A. & Arillo, A. 2002. New Sciaroidea (Insecta: Diptera) in Lower Cretaceous amber from Spain. Studia Dipterologica 9 (1): 31 - 40." title="New Sciaroidea (Insecta: Diptera) in Lower Cretaceous amber from Spain" type="journal article" year="2002">Blagoderov & Arillo, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Alava,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[644,699,1515,1537]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
that also lacks vein CuP. They were unsure of the placement of the genus within the family, but its features were most similar to those belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rondani" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[423,555,224,246]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Macrocerinae">Macrocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[566,653,224,245]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[566,653,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Hegalari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not the same as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[828,940,224,245]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,940,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the antennae of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[337,378,254,275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[467,859,254,276]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antzinako">
|
||
<emphasis box="[467,653,254,275]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Hegalari antzinako</emphasis>
|
||
Blagoderov & Arillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are somewhat compressed and the overall length is much shorter than those in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[893,1005,283,304]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[893,1005,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(probably due to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[349,390,313,334]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[424,547,312,334]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antzinako">
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,547,312,334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">H. antzinako</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possibly being a female). However, the second species described in that paper,
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,608,342,363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[454,602,342,363]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Hegalari minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is much more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[852,964,342,363]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[852,964,342,363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has much longer antennae with more cylindrical flagellomeres as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[829,941,371,392]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[829,941,371,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males and slightly different wing venation than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[550,674,400,422]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antzinako">
|
||
<emphasis box="[550,674,400,422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">H. antzinako</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and might be better removed to a separate genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2020" box="[302,414,430,451]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Vladelektra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[302,414,430,451]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vladelektra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[544,631,430,451]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,631,430,451]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">H. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having
|
||
<collectionCode box="[737,753,430,451]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">R</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[753,762,440,457]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">4</subScript>
|
||
closer to the apex of the wing than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[276,363,460,481]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[276,363,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">H. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the base of M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[511,520,469,486]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
|
||
effaced (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[715,802,460,481]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,802,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">H. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the apicalmost male flagellomere length subequal to width (two times as long as wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blagoderov & Arillo" authorityYear="2002" box="[863,950,489,510]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Hegalari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[863,950,489,510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">H. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[147,1006,195,657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
This marks the third described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[593,717,518,540]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Burmese amber (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guo, M. & Xing, L. & Wang, B. & Zhang, W. & Wang, S. & Shi, A. & Bai, M." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Systematics" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="249 - 379" part="42" refId="ref3002" refString="Guo, M., Xing, L., Wang, B., Zhang, W. - w., Wang, S., Shi, A. - m. & Bai, M. 2017. A catalogue of Burmite inclusions. Zoological Systematics 42 (3): 249 - 379." title="A catalogue of Burmite inclusions" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Guo
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[species of which are treated in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[546,697,547,569]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ross, A. J." box="[718,820,547,568]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeoentomology" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="22 - 84" part="2" refId="ref3332" refString="Ross, A. J. 2019. Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography 2018. Palaeoentomology 2: 22 - 84." title="Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography 2018" type="journal article" year="2019">Ross 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[841,1005,547,569]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="323 - 329" part="10" refId="ref2875" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1917. Insects in Burmese amber. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 10: 323 - 329." title="Insects in Burmese amber" type="journal article" year="1917">Cockerell (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1917" box="[246,385,577,598]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Burmacrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,385,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Burmacrocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile" authorityYear="1990" box="[545,628,576,598]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Orfeliini">Orfeliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sevcik, J. & Krzeminski, W. & Skibinska, K." box="[649,842,571,598]" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="552" part="11" refId="ref3466" refString="Sevcik, J., Krzeminski, W. & Skibinska, K. 2020. Intriguing and beautiful: Adamomacrocera adami gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Myanmar represents a new subfamily of Keroplatidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Insects 2020, 11, 552; doi: 10. 3390 / insects 11090552." title="Intriguing and beautiful: Adamomacrocera adami gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Myanmar represents a new subfamily of Keroplatidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha)" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Ševčík
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,765,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a second species (in the new genus
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,583,606,627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Adamacrocera</emphasis>
|
||
) belonging to a new putative primitive subfamily with similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rondani" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[404,536,635,657]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Macrocerinae">Macrocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |