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<mods:title id="AA077869F1FBC71C4EB04F95919C9522">Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BB0249606BFFD9FF54D45F8285BE2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678294" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB0249606BFFD9FF54D45F8285BE2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB0249606BFFD9FF54D45F8285BE2B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606BFFD8FF54D45F827FBA82" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606BFFD8FF54D45F83B1BA19" blockId="14.[151,702,1877,1937]" box="[151,702,1877,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<heading id="D0E50433606BFFD8FF54D45F83B1BA19" bold="true" box="[151,702,1877,1903]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606BFFD8FF54D45F83B1BA19" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,702,1877,1903]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606BFFD8FF54D45F83B1BA19" bold="true" box="[151,702,1877,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606BFFD8FF54D45F80B7BA19" bold="true" box="[151,440,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Hymeniacidon caerulea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606BFFD8FE7CD45F83B1BA19" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[447,702,1877,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606BFFD8FF54D472807DBAE6" blockId="14.[151,702,1877,1937]" box="[151,370,1912,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
(
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606BFFD8FF5CD47281F8BAE6" box="[159,247,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,916,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,916,1406]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hymeniacidon caerulea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: A. Choanosomal arrangement with scattered and ill-defined spicule tracts. B. Common style marked by elongated dark spot or hilum at the tyle, visible in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238826/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
AB, 13E)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606BFFD8FF54D4CA827FBA82" blockId="14.[151,925,1984,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
Selected synonymy:
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606BFFD8FEA9D4CA8399BAA0" box="[362,662,1984,2006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymerhabdiidae" genus="Laxosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="coerulea" subSpecies="sensu">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606BFFD8FEA9D4CA8399BAA0" box="[362,662,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Laxosuberites coerulea sensu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606BFFD8FD79D4CA8260BAA0" author="Laubenfels" box="[698,879,1984,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
:148.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606BFFD8FF54D4D4839FBA82" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:117" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,656,2014,2036]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606BFFD8FF54D4D48085BA82" box="[151,394,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Hymeniacidon caerulea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606BFFD8FE53D4D4836ABA82" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[400,613,2014,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
:117
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606BFFD8FD59D4D48230BA82" author="Diaz" box="[666,831,2014,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of the valid species. Scientia Marina, 57, 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Díaz
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606BFFD8FD13D4EA820CBA82" box="[720,771,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
:298.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606AFFD9FF54D39D847CBDC6" box="[151,1395,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606AFFD9FF54D39D847CBDC6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,1395,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF54D39D8076BDC6" bold="true" box="[151,377,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A606AFFD9FE44D39280E7BDC6" box="[391,488,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">CNPGG</collectionCode>
1138 Alacranes reef (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598606AFFD9FD27D3928283BDC6" box="[740,908,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" precision="1" value="22.3671">22° 22' 1.56”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598606AFFD9FC57D392855BBDC6" box="[916,1108,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" precision="1" value="-89.675095">89° 40' 30.36”W</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606AFFD9FB6FD39D85D6BDD9" box="[1196,1241,151,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC959F606AFFD9FB26D3928461BDC6" box="[1253,1390,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" value="2009-08-08">8/VIII/2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606AFFD9FF04D3B680BBBF6E" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606AFFD9FF04D3B681B6BC13" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF04D3B6805EBDA3" bold="true" box="[199,337,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Description</emphasis>
. Thinly encrusting sponge,
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606AFFD9FD63D3B683FEBDA2" box="[672,753,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="cm" value="5.7">5.7 cm</quantity>
in diameter, and less than
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606AFFD9FBFFD3B6858CBDA2" box="[1084,1155,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606AFFD9FB72D3B6840ABDA2" box="[1201,1285,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in thickness (measures out of the water). Oscules are only seen in live specimens, with
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606AFFD9FC15D3EA853CBD81" box="[982,1075,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 mm</quantity>
in diameter. The sponge surface is smooth in parts and tuberculate or rugose in others, microscopically hispid. Consistency is very compressible and soft. Vivid cobalt blue alive (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606AFFD9FDCFD22D8353BC36" box="[524,604,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Sponges in situ A. Erylus formosus. B. Cliona amplicavata excavating on Lobatus gigas shell. C. Cliona flavifodina. D. Chondrilla caribensis, E. Hymeniacidon caerulea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
E), still dark blue in alcohol, color has paled but persisted as the time goes by.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606AFFD9FF04D265842DBCDA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF04D2658021BCFE" bold="true" box="[199,302,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Ectosomal skeleton is a conglomerate of tangential spicules. Choanosomal skeleton is halichondroid, with scattered and ill-defined spicule tracts, with single spicules in confusion (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606AFFD9FB6DD29E85F2BCDA" box="[1198,1277,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,916,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,916,1406]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hymeniacidon caerulea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: A. Choanosomal arrangement with scattered and ill-defined spicule tracts. B. Common style marked by elongated dark spot or hilum at the tyle, visible in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238826/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606AFFD9FF04D2BD80BBBF6E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF04D2BD8026BCA6" bold="true" box="[199,297,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Spicules</emphasis>
. Straight styles, slightly curved towards the middle and third part of shaft, some are flexuous. The spicules are distinguished by an elongated dark spot at the base which is part of the axial canal (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606AFFD9FAE6D2D68475BC82" box="[1317,1402,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,916,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,916,1406]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hymeniacidon caerulea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: A. Choanosomal arrangement with scattered and ill-defined spicule tracts. B. Common style marked by elongated dark spot or hilum at the tyle, visible in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238826/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B), 213431.6 × 2.35.2 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606AFFD9FF04D12E8525BFDE" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606AFFD9FF04D12E8525BFDE" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF04D12E80E4BF4B" bold="true" box="[199,491,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
. Florida (de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FDBFD12E8234BF4B" author="Laubenfels" box="[636,827,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
);
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and
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606AFFD9FBACD12F85F8BF4B" box="[1135,1271,548,573]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, from
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in depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FEC2D14D80E8BF16" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[257,487,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606AFFD9FE3FD14D8349BF16" box="[508,582,583,608]" name="Belize" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Belize</collectingCountry>
, Hispaniola,
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606AFFD9FD1AD1428239BF16" box="[729,822,584,608]" name="Curaçao" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
on coral rubble and mangroves,
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deep (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FA8BD14D801BBFF2" author="Rutzler" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Rutzler, K., Diaz, M. C., Soest, R. W. M. van, Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. &amp; Wulff, J. L. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin, 476, 230 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.467.229" type="journal article" year="2000">
Rützler
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF54D16781DFBFF3" box="[151,208,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). Quintana Roo,
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606AFFD9FE10D1668326BFF3" box="[467,553,620,645]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Puerto Vargas off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606AFFD9FC74D1668539BFF3" box="[951,1078,620,645]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. The specimen was collected in coral rubble at
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606AFFD9FEFCD1858065BFD1" box="[319,362,655,680]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
depth. This is the first record for the southern Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606AFFD9FC0FD1858529BFDE" box="[972,1062,655,680]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606AFFD9FF04D1BE8285BE2B" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606AFFD9FF04D1BE8285BE2B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF04D1BE803BBFBB" bold="true" box="[199,308,692,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606AFFD9FE81D1BE8340BFBB" box="[322,591,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FE81D1BE8340BFBB" box="[322,591,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Hymeniacidon caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shallow reef sponge, and also been found in fringing mangroves (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FAA5D1BE801CBF86" author="Diaz" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of the valid species. Scientia Marina, 57, 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diáz
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FF54D1D381C0BF86" box="[151,207,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
). Authors have recorded tylostyles 315480 × 25 µm (de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FC6FD1DD8563BF86" author="Laubenfels" box="[940,1132,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
); styles 230560 × 4.59.5 µm (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FF0ED1F680B4BE63" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[205,443,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
); styles 420530 × 712 µm (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606AFFD9FCD0D1F682DFBE62" author="Diaz" box="[787,976,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of the valid species. Scientia Marina, 57, 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Díaz
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606AFFD9FC91D1F78283BE63" box="[850,908,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
). Smaller length sizes were found in the styles of the present material. On the other hand, diameter size is within the reported range, and the cobalt blue color and skeletal arrangement are distinctive traits for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>