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<document id="7841B1F4E5E2776DBF822A76CE6115D8" ID-CLB-Dataset="42349" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8baa9579-e863-47db-b025-7acc20458ac0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238815" ID-ZooBank="5C32A1B4-E4AB-4BC3-8E8A-1BF435587D17" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460940336171" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ugalde, Diana, Gómez, Patricia &amp; Simões, Nuno" docDate="2015" docId="03BB02496069FFDAFF54D71E80DCBAB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03911p183.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3911 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Strongylacidon bermuda" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="FF827A316065FFD6FFC3D30A810FBD76" masterDocTitle="Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1698584134703" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1AE106E5D2437F0FC71DE73BAF1F621D">Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="090F97140FE00795794F8661D0C15017">Ugalde, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D46069FFDAFF54D71E821FB9E2" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF54D71E83C3B958" blockId="12.[151,716,1044,1103]" box="[151,716,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<heading id="D0E504336069FFDAFF54D71E83C3B958" bold="true" box="[151,716,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF54D71E83C3B958" bold="true" box="[151,716,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFF54D71E80CEB958" ID-CoL="534DZ" box="[151,449,1044,1070]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF54D71E80CEB958" bold="true" box="[151,449,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Strongylacidon bermuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6069FFDAFE35D71E83CBB958" author="Laubenfels" box="[502,708,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF54D73C802FB939" blockId="12.[151,716,1044,1103]" box="[151,288,1078,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
(
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6069FFDAFF5CD73C81EEB939" box="[159,225,1078,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[288,1299,195,1423]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Strongylacidon bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Detail of densely packed tracts of strongyles forming a round mesh. C. Common strongyles in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238824/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
AC)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF54D774821FB9E2" blockId="12.[151,784,1150,1172]" box="[151,784,1150,1172]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Selected synonymy:
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFEA9D774831AB9E2" box="[362,533,1150,1172]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Fibulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFEA9D774831AB9E2" box="[362,533,1150,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fibulia bermuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6069FFDAFDFAD77483E2B9E2" author="Laubenfels" box="[569,749,1150,1172]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels, 1950</bibRefCitation>
:52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46069FFDAFF54D7CB8565B988" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF54D7CB8565B988" blockId="12.[151,1437,1217,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF54D7CB808FB9AC" bold="true" box="[151,384,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A6069FFDAFE55D7CB80F9B9AC" box="[406,502,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">CNPGG</collectionCode>
1166 Alacranes reef (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986069FFDAFC77D7C88568B9AC" box="[948,1127,1218,1242]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="1" value="-89.68047">89º4049.71”W</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6069FFDAFB0CD7CB840CB9AF" box="[1231,1283,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC959F6069FFDAFAD5D7C88493B9AC" box="[1302,1436,1218,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="2009-08-01">1/VIII/2009</date>
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A6069FFDAFF54D7EC81F8B988" box="[151,247,1254,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">CNPGG</collectionCode>
1192 Alacranes reef (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986069FFDAFE30D7EF839FB988" box="[499,656,1253,1278]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="1" value="22.385847">22º239.05”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986069FFDAFD54D7EC8244B988" box="[663,843,1254,1278]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="1" value="-89.68047">89º4049.71”W</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6069FFDAFC67D7EF82DEB98B" box="[932,977,1253,1278]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC959F6069FFDAFC1FD7EC856AB988" box="[988,1125,1254,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="2009-08-01">1/VIII/2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46069FFDAFF04D6038545BBD8" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF04D60380B9B8A0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1217,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF04D603805EB854" bold="true" box="[199,337,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Description</emphasis>
. Massive rounded sponge with low mounds (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6069FFDAFCA8D60382BEB854" box="[875,945,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[288,1299,195,1423]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Strongylacidon bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Detail of densely packed tracts of strongyles forming a round mesh. C. Common strongyles in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238824/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A),
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in diameter and
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6069FFDAFB2BD600842CB857" box="[1256,1315,1290,1314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in height. Surface is markedly conulose. These protuberance-like conules are mainly round and evenly distributed all over the surface,
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6069FFDAFF36D65B8073B81F" box="[245,380,1361,1386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.51.5 mm</quantity>
in height,
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6069FFDAFE31D6588340B81F" box="[498,591,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 mm</quantity>
apart. Several oscules mainly on top of the sponge are
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6069FFDAFB76D65B841DB81F" box="[1205,1298,1361,1386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency is firm but slightly compressible. A not so easily detachable thin dermis is visible; with a reticulate pattern of pigmented granules enclosing the pore fields. Color
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFC97D69082AFB8C7" box="[852,928,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">in vivo</emphasis>
is black with green subectosomal veins, dark violet or black in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF04D6EB844CBB10" blockId="12.[151,1437,1217,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF04D6EB8021B88C" bold="true" box="[199,302,1505,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Without ectosomal skeleton. The choanosomal skeleton consists of poorly defined reticulation made by densely packed tracts of spicules outlining round to irregular meshes (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6069FFDAFC05D50F8506BB68" box="[966,1033,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[288,1299,195,1423]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Strongylacidon bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Detail of densely packed tracts of strongyles forming a round mesh. C. Common strongyles in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238824/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B). Ill-defined tracts 150300 µm in thickness, several of which conform a trellis work towards the surface, making up those conules or tuberculate protuberances of the surface. Connective tracts 3070 µm thick, with abundant but loose single strongyles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF04D57B8545BBD8" blockId="12.[151,1437,1217,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF04D57B8026BBFC" bold="true" box="[199,297,1649,1674]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Spicules</emphasis>
. Abundant straight, uniform and slender strongyles, with isodiametric endings 158.6218 × 1.32.8 µm (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6069FFDAFF0FD59F8000BBD8" box="[204,271,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[288,1299,195,1423]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Strongylacidon bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Detail of densely packed tracts of strongyles forming a round mesh. C. Common strongyles in LM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238824/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C), some with rod shaped, and loop shaped ends. Microscleres are absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46069FFDAFF04D5B3820ABB80" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF04D5B3820ABB80" blockId="12.[151,1437,1217,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF04D5B380E5BBA4" bold="true" box="[199,490,1721,1746]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFE34D5B38351BBA4" box="[503,606,1721,1746]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Fibulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6069FFDAFE34D5B38351BBA4" box="[503,606,1721,1746]" name="Bermuda" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
(de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6069FFDAFD4CD5B38241BBA4" author="Laubenfels" box="[655,846,1721,1746]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
). Inhabits reef environments and reported up to
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in depth. This is the first record for the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6069FFDAFD64D5D7820EBB80" box="[679,769,1757,1782]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46069FFDAFF04D40B80DCBAB8" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6069FFDAFF04D40B80DCBAB8" blockId="12.[151,1437,1217,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFF04D40B803BBA6C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1793,1818]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFE82D40B835ABA6C" box="[321,597,1793,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFE82D40B835ABA6C" box="[321,597,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Strongylacidon bermuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded again since its original description by de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6069FFDAFADCD40B81EEBA48" author="Laubenfels" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels (1950)</bibRefCitation>
in Harrington Sound,
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFE2BD42F835DBA48" box="[488,594,1829,1854]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6069FFDAFE2BD42F835DBA48" box="[488,594,1829,1854]" name="Bermuda" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, where it was fairly common. The features described for
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFB2ED42C847FBA48" box="[1261,1392,1829,1854]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFB2ED42C847FBA48" box="[1261,1392,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">S. bermuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are consistent with the present material. The massive habit is rather common for
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFB90D44085D4BA14" box="[1107,1243,1865,1890]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFB90D44085D4BA14" box="[1107,1243,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">S. bermuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although some differences emerge: 1) massive with a tendency to grow up into rounded lobes, hardly called digitate (de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6069FFDAFF54D49B8059BADC" author="Laubenfels" box="[151,342,1937,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
); 2) massive with rounded lobes or low tubes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6069FFDAFC98D49B85A2BADC" author="Rutzler" box="[859,1197,1937,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Rutzler, K. (1986) Phylum Porifera (sponges). In: Sterrer, W. (Ed.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley T Sons, New York, pp. 111 - 127." type="book chapter" year="1986">
Rützler 1986:Fig.32; as
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6069FFDAFBA9D49B85A2BADC" box="[1130,1197,1937,1962]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Ulosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6069FFDAFBA9D49B85A2BADC" box="[1130,1197,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Ulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
) and 3) massive with low mounds (present work).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>