295 lines
26 KiB
XML
295 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792756" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4de6594-5075-4058-895e-67eb0e3004e3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747226" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792756" ID-ZooBank="CBCD770C-79A0-4A53-9C35-DCD7A1A32A14" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587949203824" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2008" docId="03B7092EEE0FFFFBA3B9D8B8EB81172A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1951.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 3 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3fbe131e" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Hemilecanium Newstead 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FF8E7156EE0AFFFDA335DC1BE808120D" masterDocTitle="A new genus and two new species of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from Africa" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1643571780825" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus and two new species of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Wales ,, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-09-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.3.45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e4de6594-5075-4058-895e-67eb0e3004e3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CBCD770C-79A0-4A53-9C35-DCD7A1A32A14</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7092EEE0FFFFBA3B9D8B8EB81172A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7092EEE0FFFFBA3B9D8B8EB81172A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection box="[140,436,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1012,1187,1284]" box="[140,436,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<heading box="[140,436,1187,1214]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[140,436,1187,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,436,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,315,1187,1214]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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Newstead
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1012,1187,1284]" box="[140,1012,1222,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<uri box="[140,1012,1222,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:
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<uuid box="[457,1012,1222,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">2DEA755F-A46A-4203-B3B8-893324D22FAF</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1012,1187,1284]" box="[140,990,1257,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<uri box="[140,990,1257,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:
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<uuid box="[425,990,1257,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">7FB67D8F-AAA7-427B-AF54-53D64A52B87A</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1328,1671]" lastBlockId="6.[140,1108,166,1319]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,423,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[264,423,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was introduced by
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<bibRefCitation author="Newstead" box="[649,843,1328,1354]" firstAuthor="Newstead" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" pagination="33 - 42" refId="ref10106" refString="Newstead R (1908) On a collection of Coccidae and other insects affecting some cultivated and wild plants in Java and in Tropical West Africa. Journal of Economic Biology London 3: 33 - 42." type="journal article" year="1908">Newstead (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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to take
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[939,1100,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
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<emphasis box="[939,1100,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">H. theobromae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected off cacao in
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<collectingCountry box="[382,505,1363,1389]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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. Prior to 2005,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[682,841,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[682,841,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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contained 4 species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Hall" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriaceum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">H. coriaceum</emphasis>
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Hall
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[323,567,1398,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbricans">
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<emphasis box="[323,467,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">H. imbricans</emphasis>
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(Green)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1910" box="[581,861,1398,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvatum">
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<emphasis box="[581,743,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">H. recurvatum</emphasis>
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Newstead
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</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<typeStatus box="[967,1015,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
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species. Since then however, there have been major changes in the species composition of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hemilecanium</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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most notably when Kondo and Hardy recently (2008) synonymised
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<taxonomicName authority="Matile-Ferrero" authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Etiennea</emphasis>
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Matile-Ferrero
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[366,415,1504,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName authority="Matile-Ferrero" authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" box="[509,794,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
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<emphasis box="[509,620,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">E. villiersi</emphasis>
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Matile-Ferrero
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</taxonomicName>
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) with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[870,1029,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[870,1029,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on a comparative morphological study of the adult females, adult males and 1
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1025,1036,1539,1553]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">st-</superScript>
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instar nymphs of 4 species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[395,554,1574,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[395,554,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 6 species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" box="[739,833,1575,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[739,833,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Etiennea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The study also included a phylogenetic analysis based on adult female and 1
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<superScript attach="none" box="[721,732,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">st-</superScript>
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instar nymphal characters. These changes brought the total number of species in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[675,834,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[675,834,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to 26. Earlier,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hodgson" firstAuthor="Hodgson" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" refId="ref9954" refString="Hodgson CJ (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: An Identification Manual to Genera. CAB International, Wallingford, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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had drawn attention to the morphological similarities of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" box="[868,962,167,192]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[868,962,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etiennea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(both genera having dorsal tubular ducts with funnel-like apertures and both with two centres of sclerotisation on the dorsum) but had considered that they could be easily separated due to the presence of cribriform plates on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[859,1018,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[859,1018,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(absent on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" box="[178,272,308,333]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[178,272,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etiennea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species). However,
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<bibRefCitation author="Kondo and Williams" box="[495,816,307,334]" firstAuthor="Kondo" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="25 - 37" refId="ref10064" refString="Kondo T, Williams ML (2005) Description of a new species of Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on mango in Thailand, and a key to species of the genus. Zootaxa 1045: 25 - 37." type="journal article" year="2005">Kondo and Williams (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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showed that 4 cribriform plates were present on the dorsum of the 1
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<superScript attach="none" box="[606,617,342,356]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">st-</superScript>
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instar nymphs of several
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[898,1057,342,368]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[898,1057,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species so that the 1
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<superScript attach="none" box="[326,337,377,391]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">st-</superScript>
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instar nymphs of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" box="[542,651,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
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<emphasis box="[542,651,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">E. villiersi</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[707,866,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
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<emphasis box="[707,866,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. theobromae</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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were very similar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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Despite these changes, the species within the new concept of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[899,1059,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[899,1059,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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can be divided into two groups based on the structure of the 1
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<superScript attach="none" box="[805,816,448,462]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">st-</superScript>
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instar nymphs. These are referred to as the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1991" box="[349,424,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petasus">
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||
<emphasis box="[349,424,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">petasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
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<emphasis box="[486,610,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">thoebromae</emphasis>
|
||
groups by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kondo and Hardy" box="[745,1051,483,509]" firstAuthor="Kondo" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="189 - 212" refId="ref10007" refString="Kondo T, Hardy NB (2008) Synonymy of Etiennea Matile-Ferrero with Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae), based on morphology of adult females, adult males and firstinstar nymphs, and description of a new potential pest species from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Entomological Science 11: 189 - 212." type="journal article" year="2008">Kondo and Hardy (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The 1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[155,166,518,532]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">st-</superScript>
|
||
instar nymphs are only known for nine of the species now included in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but these can be separated as follows: the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1991" box="[722,797,554,579]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petasus">
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||
<emphasis box="[722,797,554,579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">petasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is diagnosed by the presence of: (i) the dorsum without clusters of 4-locular pores; (ii) each spiracular pore band with 2-4 spiracular disc-pores; (iii) each femur with a very long seta near apex (only on the prothoracic leg of
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondo & Hardy. The" authorityYear="2008" box="[565,678,660,685]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uesatoi">
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||
<emphasis box="[565,678,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. uesatoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and (iv) each stigmatic cleft with 3 well-developed stigmatic spines. The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1991" box="[568,643,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petasus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,643,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">petasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group includes
|
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<taxonomicName authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" box="[831,1064,694,721]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,922,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
(Newstead)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montricardiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. montricardiae</emphasis>
|
||
(Newstead)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hodgson)" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" box="[441,814,730,757]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multituberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,681,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. multituberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Hodgson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hodgson)" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" box="[824,1067,730,757]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petasus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,935,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. petasus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hodgson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hodgson)" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinetuberculum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. sinetuberculum</emphasis>
|
||
(Hodgson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kondo & Hardy. The" authorityName="Kondo & Hardy. The" authorityYear="2008" box="[493,857,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uesatoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[493,604,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. uesatoi</emphasis>
|
||
Kondo & Hardy. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[865,989,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,989,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">theobromae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, on the other hand, has the following combination of characters: (i) dorsum with 4 clusters of 4-locular pores; (ii) each spiracular pore band with 1 spiracular disc-pore; (iii) very long setae absent from all femora, and (iv) stigmatic spines absent. It includes
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. imbricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kondo & Williams" authorityName="Kondo & Williams" authorityYear="2005" box="[232,619,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[232,389,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. mangiferae</emphasis>
|
||
Kondo & Williams
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[632,793,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,793,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. theobromae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matile-Ferrero" authorityYear="1984" box="[852,968,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Etiennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[852,968,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">H. villiersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As pointed out by Kondo and Hardy, these two groups are also supported by a single adult female character, with those in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[460,584,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[460,584,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">theobromae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group lacking stigmatic spines while those in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[184,259,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petasus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,259,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">petasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have well-developed stigmatic spines. This suggests that the present composition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[324,484,1046,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,484,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be paraphyletic. This was understood by Kondo and Hardy who go on to say (2008, p. 212) “We need data on first-instar nymphs of additional species to determine whether these two crawler
|
||
<typeStatus box="[815,873,1117,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and their associated adult females will correspond to reciprocally monophyletic groups”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Below is described a further species which is here being tentatively placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the 1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[434,445,1222,1236]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">st-</superScript>
|
||
instar nymphs fulfil the 4 character-states for the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1033,1108,1223,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petasus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1108,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">petasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group discussed above, they also have an apparently unique character – 1-4 coneshaped or flap-like triangular structures medially on most segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |