148 lines
15 KiB
XML
148 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="61811D6C9E7C14D03C697804FCAD38AB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157582" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2776005-80ee-41fa-b03a-25131fcb996e" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157582" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461013824471" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reeves, Will K., Adler, Peter H., Grogan, William L. & Super, Paul E." docDate="2004" docId="03A6E95BFFA7FFC6E37F126BDF2DF931" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00483.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 483" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rhagionidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF9F9123FFB0FFD1E277111FDC27FF98" masterDocTitle="Hematophagous and Parasitic Diptera (Insecta) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698568383469" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C309CEAB14A88740F59F56AE2E4D6012">Hematophagous and Parasitic Diptera (Insecta) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5CDC531C78C7C209A348D8D41224869F">Reeves, Will K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="78EF2A57F77F58FA8B721C855AC82FCE">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88CD66F37C0394CE215D4250BD413B84">Grogan, William L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4705E90A8E479E0A30DE8BC5859A96B5">Super, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5BE9078A604D20EC670C3FF35FD60BA5">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5FCF59E22BFE08DF049705F5353F66A0">483</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2295F351100886FEEA7FB3F2AFE65009" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157582</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A6E95BFFA7FFC6E37F126BDF2DF931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271863" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6E95BFFA7FFC6E37F126BDF2DF931" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6E95BFFA7FFC6E37F126BDF2DF931" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C3150BC6FFA7FFC6E37F126BDD62FA81" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E37F126BDE22FC16" blockId="23.[264,517,884,910]" box="[264,517,884,910]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0F8EF21FFA7FFC6E37F126BDE22FC16" bold="true" box="[264,517,884,910]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E37F126BDE22FC16" bold="true" box="[264,517,884,910]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E310126BDE22FC16" ID-CoL="FN2" ID-ENA="92609" box="[359,517,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhagionidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E37F12A0DD62FA81" blockId="23.[264,1323,959,1305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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The biting snipe flies,
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E06112A0DEEBFC40" box="[534,716,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E06112A0DEEFFC40" box="[534,712,959,984]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Symphoromyia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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are rarely encountered in the eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F31818DDFFA7FFC6E6F912A0D8EEFC41" box="[1166,1225,959,985]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
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and the taxonomy of eastern species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E0F112F8DF12FB98" box="[646,821,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E0F112F8DF12FB98" box="[646,821,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symphoromyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is poorly defined (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E66C12F8D893FB99" author="Turner" box="[1051,1204,999,1025]" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" refString="Turner, W. J. (1974) A revision of the genus Symphoromyia Frauenfeld (Diptera: Rhagionidae). I. Introduction, subgenera and species-groups. Review of biology. Canadian Entomologist, 106, 851 - 868." type="journal article" year="1974">Turner 1974</bibRefCitation>
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). Western species, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E3BF1510DE98FBB1" authority="Adams" authorityName="Adams" box="[456,703,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipalpis">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E3BF1510DE45FBB0" box="[456,610,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. flavipalpis</emphasis>
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Adams
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</taxonomicName>
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, can be persistent biters of humans and wildlife such as the American bison (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E0561528DE85FBC9" author="Ross" box="[545,674,1079,1105]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Ross, H. H. (1940) The Rocky Mountain " black fly " Symphoromyia atripes (Diptera: Rhagionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 33, 254 - 257." type="journal article" year="1940">Ross 1940</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E0D81528DF72FBC9" author="Burger" box="[687,853,1079,1105]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Burger, J. F. (1995 a) Yellowstone's snipe fly summer. Yellowstone Science, 3, 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Burger 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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). Eastern species are not known to feed on humans but readily bite dogs (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E0EA1540DF61FBE1" author="Burger" box="[669,838,1119,1145]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Burger, J. F. (1995 a) Yellowstone's snipe fly summer. Yellowstone Science, 3, 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Burger 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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). Some people have severe anaphylactic reactions to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E3EB1598DE6CFB38" box="[412,587,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E3EB1598DE6CFB38" box="[412,587,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symphoromyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bites (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E0EB1598DF15FB39" author="Turner" box="[668,818,1159,1185]" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" refString="Turner, W. J. (1978) A case of severe human allergic reaction to bites of Symphoromyia (Diptera, Rhagionidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 15, 138 - 139." type="journal article" year="1978">Turner 1978</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E13C1598DFDDFB38" box="[843,1018,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E13C1598DFDDFB38" box="[843,1018,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symphoromyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have bloodfeeding behavior similar to that of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E0EB15B0DF33FB51" box="[668,788,1199,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tabanidae</taxonomicName>
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but are not known to transmit any pathogens (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E36715C8DD90FB69" author="Burger" box="[272,439,1239,1265]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Burger, J. F. (1995 a) Yellowstone's snipe fly summer. Yellowstone Science, 3, 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Burger 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E3BC15C8DEA4FB69" author="Steyskal" box="[459,643,1239,1265]" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1949) Rhagionidae (Diptera) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 44, 68." type="journal article" year="1949">Steyskal (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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did not list
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E16615C8DFE7FB68" box="[785,960,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E16615C8DFE7FB68" box="[785,960,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symphoromyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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among the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E63C15C8D8F8FB69" box="[1099,1247,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhagionidae</taxonomicName>
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of the Park.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3150BC6FFA7FFC6E37F1450DF2DF931" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E37F1450DE79FAF1" blockId="23.[264,1326,1359,1705]" box="[264,606,1359,1385]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E37F1450DE79FAF1" authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" box="[264,606,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E37F1450DDD0FAF0" box="[264,503,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symphoromyia hirta</emphasis>
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Johnson
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E34F1468DE77FA21" blockId="23.[264,1326,1359,1705]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Collections: North
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E0691468DFF6FA09" authority="Swain Co., Andrews Bald" authorityName="Swain Co., Andrews Bald" box="[542,977,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina, Swain Co., Andrews Bald</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFB17E8DFFA7FFC6E1971468D852FA09" box="[992,1141,1399,1425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-06-03">3 June 2001</date>
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,
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<date id="FFB17E8DFFA7FFC6E6F31468D90EFA09" box="[1156,1321,1399,1425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-06-22">22 June 2001</date>
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, Malaise trap, coll. I. Stocks.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E34F14D8DF2DF931" blockId="23.[264,1326,1359,1705]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E3C814D8DE32FA78" box="[447,533,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E3C814D8DE32FA78" box="[447,533,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were found on hilltops at high elevations in the Park. This snipe fly is not known to bite humans in the Park and the natural bloodmeal source for females is unknown. The larval stages and oviposition sites are likewise unknown.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E6041708D90CF9A9" author="Brimley" box="[1139,1323,1559,1585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Brimley, C. S. (1938) The Insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, 560 pp." type="book" year="1938">Brimley (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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reported this species from Spruce, Haywood Co., in June.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E19E1720DD71F919" author="Shemanchuk" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Shemanchuk, J. A. & Weintraub, J. (1961) Observations on the biting and swarming of snipe flies (Diptera: Symphoromyia) in the foothills of southern Alberta. Mosquito News, 21, 238 - 243." type="journal article" year="1961">Shemanchuk & Weintraub (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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were repeatedly attacked by
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E0C41778DF2DF918" box="[691,778,1639,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagionidae" genus="Symphoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E0C41778DF2DF918" box="[691,778,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or a related species in
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<collectingCountry id="F31818DDFFA7FFC6E66A1778D85FF919" box="[1053,1144,1639,1665]" name="Canada" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Canada</collectingCountry>
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, but no reports of similar biting behavior exist for the Park.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |